Smerovanie v TCP/IPSmerovanie v TCP/IPsieťachsieťach

Meno počítača, workgroup, domianMeno počítača, workgroup, domian

Win. domain nie je DNS názov!! Úplne iná služba!

IP adresy – 32 bitovIP adresy – 32 bitov

147 . 232 . 5 . 162

IP adresy – 32 bitovIP adresy – 32 bitov

IP adresy – IP adresy – prideprideľľovanieovanie

Také zde samozřejmě platí zásada jednoznačnosti adres, takže všechny

nově připojované sítě musí mít dosud nepoužité adresy. V Internetu proto

existuje centrální autorita (konkrétně: DDN Network Information Center, SRI

International, 333 Rawenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025), která

se stará o hospodaření s IP adresami, a přiděluje je všem potenciálním

zájemcům (přesněji: přiděluje tu část IP adres, která představuje adresu sítě,

zatímco zbývající část IP adres si volí žadatel.

V našich zeměpisných šířkách však není nutné se pro přidělení IP adresy

obracet až do USA. DDN NIC, která adresy spravuje, totiž delegovala svou

pravomoc v přidělování IP adres pro oblast ČSFR výpočetnímu centru

pražské VŠCHT (Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6).

Nastavenie IP a Subnet maskNastavenie IP a Subnet mask

Default Gateway obrazneDefault Gateway obrazne

Subnet MaskSubnet Mask

VlastnVlastnáá IP IP:: 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 Subnet Mask:Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0255.255.255.0 Moja podsieť:Moja podsieť: 147.232.5.0 - 255147.232.5.0 - 255

Ak subnet mask:Ak subnet mask: 255.255.0.0255.255.0.0 Moja podsieť:Moja podsieť: 147.232.0 - 255.0 - 255147.232.0 - 255.0 - 255

Rozhodovanie či sa nachádza cieľová IP v mojej podsieti: Rozhodovanie či sa nachádza cieľová IP v mojej podsieti:

ciecieľ_IP ľ_IP andand SubnetMask = my_IP SubnetMask = my_IP andand SubnetMask SubnetMask

Smerovacia tabuľka počítačaSmerovacia tabuľka počítačaC:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>route printC:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>route print ================================================================================================================================================ Interface ListInterface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 ...00 0f ea ec b3 b4 ...... Marvell 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 ...00 0f ea ec b3 b4 ...... Marvell

Yukon Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T Adapter, Copper RJ-45 - Packet Scheduler Yukon Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T Adapter, Copper RJ-45 - Packet Scheduler Miniport=================================================================Miniport=================================================================

================================================================================================================================================ Active Routes:Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Network Destination Netmask Gateway Gateway Interface Interface

MetricMetric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 147.232.5.1 147.232.5.1 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 2020 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1127.0.0.1 11 147.232.5.0 147.232.5.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 2020 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1127.0.0.1 2020 147.232.255.255 147.232.255.255 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 2020 224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 2020 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162147.232.5.162 11 Default Gateway: 147.232.5.1Default Gateway: 147.232.5.1 ================================================================================================================================================

Metrika – priorita pre interfaceMetrika – priorita pre interface

The following table lists the link speeds and metrics for computers that run The following table lists the link speeds and metrics for computers that run Windows XP Service Pack 2.Windows XP Service Pack 2.

Link SpeedLink Speed MetricMetricGreater than 200 MbGreater than 200 Mb 1010Greater than 80 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 MbGreater than 80 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 Mb 2020Greater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 80 MbGreater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 80 Mb 2525Greater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 MbGreater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 Mb 3030Greater than 500 Kb, and less than or equal to 4 MbGreater than 500 Kb, and less than or equal to 4 Mb 4040Less than or equal to 500 KbLess than or equal to 500 Kb 5050

http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;299540http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;299540

ARPARP

Address Resolution ProtokolAddress Resolution Protokol

stará sa o smerovanie paketov v rámci podsietestará sa o smerovanie paketov v rámci podsiete

využíva MAC adresy sieťových rozhraní (Media Access Control)využíva MAC adresy sieťových rozhraní (Media Access Control)

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>arp -aC:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>arp -a

Interface: 147.232.5.162 --- 0x2Interface: 147.232.5.162 --- 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address TypeInternet Address Physical Address Type 147.232.5.1 00-0d-bc-5a-f3-00 dynamic 147.232.5.1 00-0d-bc-5a-f3-00 dynamic 147.232.5.9 00-0e-0c-3d-c3-27 dynamic 147.232.5.9 00-0e-0c-3d-c3-27 dynamic 147.232.5.12 00-04-e2-33-48-92 dynamic 147.232.5.12 00-04-e2-33-48-92 dynamic 147.232.5.13 00-0d-61-4b-8e-f4 dynamic 147.232.5.13 00-0d-61-4b-8e-f4 dynamic 147.232.5.224 00-e0-4c-00-ef-ec dynamic147.232.5.224 00-e0-4c-00-ef-ec dynamic

ARPARP

PINGPING

Zistenie stavu prenosovej cesty k cieľovému uzluZistenie stavu prenosovej cesty k cieľovému uzlu

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 147.232.5.13C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 147.232.5.13

Testovanie dostupnosti 147.232.5.13 s 32 bajtov údajov:Testovanie dostupnosti 147.232.5.13 s 32 bajtov údajov:

Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=13 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=13 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=9 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=9 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=8 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=8 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=12 ms TTL=57Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=12 ms TTL=57

Štatistika testovania dostupnosti pre 147.232.5.13:Štatistika testovania dostupnosti pre 147.232.5.13: Pakety: odoslané = 4, prijaté = 4, stratené = 0 (strata 0 ),Pakety: odoslané = 4, prijaté = 4, stratené = 0 (strata 0 ),Približné časy výmeny údajov v milisekundách:Približné časy výmeny údajov v milisekundách: minimum = 8ms, maximum = 13ms, priemer = 10ms.minimum = 8ms, maximum = 13ms, priemer = 10ms.

Trace Route – sledovanie paketuTrace Route – sledovanie paketu

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert www.tuke.skC:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert www.tuke.sk

Tracing route to www.sme.sk [217.67.20.187]Tracing route to www.sme.sk [217.67.20.187] over a maximum of 30 hops:over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms swr-uvt.tuke.sk [147.232.5.1] swr-uvt.tuke.sk [147.232.5.1] 2 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 2 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 147.232.200.1 147.232.200.1 3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms fw2.tuke.sk [147.232.249.3] fw2.tuke.sk [147.232.249.3] 4 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms 4 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms TU-Kosice.sanet2.sk [147.232.14.41] TU-Kosice.sanet2.sk [147.232.14.41] 5 9 ms 8 ms 8 ms 5 9 ms 8 ms 8 ms CVT-Bratislava.sanet2.sk [194.160.8.150] CVT-Bratislava.sanet2.sk [194.160.8.150] 6 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms 6 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms DialTelecom-gw.six.sk [192.108.148.150] DialTelecom-gw.six.sk [192.108.148.150] 7 9 ms 11 ms 9 ms 7 9 ms 11 ms 9 ms octarine.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.2] octarine.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.2] 8 15 ms 12 ms 10 ms 8 15 ms 12 ms 10 ms petitpress-gw.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.202] petitpress-gw.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.202] 9 16 ms 14 ms 13 ms 9 16 ms 14 ms 13 ms fwaccell.petitpress.sk [217.67.20.187] fwaccell.petitpress.sk [217.67.20.187]

Trace complete.Trace complete.

DHCPDHCPDynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCPDHCPDynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP - excludeDHCP - exclude

DHCP - reservedDHCP - reserved

DNSDNS – Domain Name Server – Domain Name Server

DNSDNS – Domain Name System – Domain Name System

voice.kemt.fei.tuke.sk

DNS – ako fungujeDNS – ako funguje

WINSWINS

WINSWINS Short for Short for WWindows indows IInternet nternet NNaming aming SService,ervice, a system that a system that

determines the IP address associated with a particular determines the IP address associated with a particular network computernetwork computer. This is called . This is called name resolution.name resolution. WINS WINS supports supports networknetwork client and server client and server computerscomputers running running Windows and can provide name resolution for other Windows and can provide name resolution for other computers with special arrangements. Determining the computers with special arrangements. Determining the IPIP address for a address for a computercomputer is a complex process when DHCP is a complex process when DHCP servers assign IP addresses dynamically. For example, it is servers assign IP addresses dynamically. For example, it is possible for DHCP to assign a different IP address to a possible for DHCP to assign a different IP address to a client each time the machine logs on to the network. WINS client each time the machine logs on to the network. WINS uses a distributed database that is automatically updated uses a distributed database that is automatically updated with the names of computers currently available and the IP with the names of computers currently available and the IP address assigned to each one. address assigned to each one.

DNS is an alternative system for name resolution suitable DNS is an alternative system for name resolution suitable for network computers with for network computers with fixed IPfixed IP addresses. addresses.

Hosts a inéHosts a iné c:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts c:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

lmhosts.samlmhosts.sam networksnetworks protocolprotocol servicesservices

# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one# space.# space.### Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.### For example:# For example:### 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host

127.0.0.1 localhost127.0.0.1 localhost

Proxy serverProxy server

ZrZrýýchleniechlenie prístupu v pomalých sieťach prístupu v pomalých sieťach uchováva prezreté stránkyuchováva prezreté stránky umožňuje filtrovať obsah stránokumožňuje filtrovať obsah stránok Cache server, nútené proxy na všetky Cache server, nútené proxy na všetky

porty alebo iba na httpporty alebo iba na http

Proxy server – nastavenie v IEProxy server – nastavenie v IE

Connection sharing 2000Connection sharing 2000 XP XP DHCP server DHCP server

(192.168.0.x)(192.168.0.x) NAT serverNAT server Gateway Gateway

(192.168.0.1)(192.168.0.1)

FirewallFirewall

Firewall Firewall aplikácieaplikácie