soja 2010 hectare forcelini
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Soja 2010 Hectare ForceliniTRANSCRIPT
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Manejo de doenças em
soja
C.A. ForceliniUPF
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Por que controlar doenças em soja?
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Área foliar ideal = 4 a 5 m2 por 1 m2
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Cultivar precoce- menos folhas- menos tempo enchimento- “soja magra”
Cultivar tardia- mais folhas- mais tempo enchimento- “soja gorda”
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Componentes do rendimento de grãos
Floração Canivete Enchimento
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Morte antecipada por doenças: - 80/ha dia
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Ganho médio com controle de doenças
13,4 15,2 19,1scs/ha
14,2
Safra 2007/08
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Quando controlar?
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Tratamento de sementes
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Reduzir morte de plantas
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Plantas com mais vigor
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Proteção do baixeiro
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Número de plantas por metro linear
UPF, 2009
Inseticida Inseticida +
Fungicida
Inseticida +
FungicidaSem tratamento
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Vigor das plantas
UPF, 2009
InseticidaInseticida +
Fungicida
Inseticida +
FungicidaSem tratamento
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Rendimento de grãos
UPF, 2009
InseticidaInseticida +
Fungicida
Inseticida +
FungicidaSem tratamento
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Quando controlar na parte aérea?
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Oídio
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27 38
39 42
41 42
50 a 58
Uma aplicação 14 dias antes
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Safra 2009
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Aplic. 1 (V9)
Aplic. 2 (21)
Aplic. 3 (21)
Rendimento (scs/ha)
Diferença(scs/ha)
- - - 31,8 -
T + E T + E T + E 52,3 +20,5
- T + E T + E 46,2 -6,1
T + E T + E - 47,5 -4,8
T + E - T + E 44,2 -8,1
Controle e rendimento em função do número de aplicações, 2009
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Soja super-precoce
Sem fungicida V9 + 20 dias
R1 + 20 dias Primeiros sintomas + 20 dias
5648
55 54
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Sem fungicida V9 + 20 dias
R1 + 20 dias Primeiros sintomas + 20 dias
5945
57 55
Soja precoce
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Sem fungicida V9 + 20 + 15 dias
R1 + 20 + 15 dias Prim. sintomas + 20 + 15 dias
4833
39 49
Soja ciclo médio
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R1 + 20 + 15 dias
V9 + 20 dias
BRS 246
45
39
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Apolo- Testemunha: 40,4 scs/ha- Normal: 55,2- Mais cedo: 57,2
Comparativo de programas de aplicação, UPF, 2009-10
Fundacep 53- Testemunha: 34,4 scs/ha- Normal: 52,4- Mais cedo: 54,4
37,4 56,8 53,8 56,2 39,7 55,0 52,3 55,8 42,7 58,9 60,6 57,4 41,9 57,4 54,6 60,2
28,5 54,8 52,5 54,6 36,2 57,5 53,3 54,3 38,5 57,1 55,6 52,8 35,4 52,7 48,7 52,4
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Antracnose
Doenças de final de ciclo
Mofo branco
Mancha-alvo
Alternaria
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Distribuição das gotas na planta
Ulisses Antoniassi, UNESP
3,8%
13,3%
82,9%
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R1 + 21 + 14 dias
V9 + 21 + 21 dias
2009
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Variável V9 + 21 + 21 R1 + 21 + 14
Vagens/planta 49,9 47,6
Grãos/planta 95,2 90,9
Peso grãos/planta 15,7 14,7
Componentes do rendimento de grãos
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Sugestão de manejo + seguro:
1a: pré-fechamento
2a: 18 a 20 dias após
3a: a) Ciclo precoce, plantio no cedo: monitorar
b) Ciclo médio-longo, plantio normal-tarde: 14 a 20 dias
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Que fungicida utilizar?
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2010
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Consórcio Anti-ferrugem – Passo Fundo
Sem fungicida Triazol A (3x)
Triazol B (3x) Triazol + estrobilurina (3x)
36 38
46 53
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Consórcio Anti-ferrugem, 2010- média de 15 locais -
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Consórcio Anti-ferrugem, 2010- média de 15 locais -
Fungicida Controle (%)Diferença em
sacos/alq
Triazóis 28 a 39% 7,6 a 11,6
Misturas de
Triazol + estrobilurina74 a 81% 18,4 a 25,2
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Antracnose
Doenças de final de ciclo
Mofo branco
Mancha-alvo
Alternaria
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Estrobilurinas
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Triazol e Benzimidazol
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Tratamentos (3x) Exper. 1 Exper. 2
Testemunha 35,6 30
Triazol + estrobilurina 53,2 53,2
Triazol + estrob. + benzimidazol 55,6 56,4
Resultados safra 2010, UPF
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Manejo necessário
Rotação eSemente
Arranjo de plantas
Resistênciagenética
Fungicida
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Podridões de raiz e haste
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Podridão de Macrofomina
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Manejo da Macrofomina
o Buscar cultivares mais tolerantes
o Minimizar o stress de seca
o Rotação com gramíneas
o Estrutura do solo
o Arranjo de plantas
o Boa palhada
o Planejamento da semeadura
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Mofo branco
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Manejo do mofo branco
o Evitar adensamento de plantas
o Cuidar a origem da semente
o Tratar a semente com fungicida
o Manter boa palhada
o Preferir soja de hábito determinado
o Controle biológico ?
o Estimular germinação e matar o fungo para evitar novos escleródios
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Controle químico
Benzimidazol
1,7 a 2,2 L/alq
Uma aplicação
Até R1
Fluazinam
Procimidone
Duas aplicações
Até R1 + 10-15 dias
Período crítico: R1 até R3-R4
Diferença em rendimento: até 26%
Volume de água: 500 a 600 L/alq