soldering precti

8/7/2019 SOLDERING PRECTI

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PRACTICAL 1 : Soldering

SOLDERING TOOLS :

The main Tools which are used in soldering is given below

Soldering iron

Soldering wire

Soldering iron stand

Soldering tips

Desoldering iron

DMM (digital Multi meter)

Ribbon wire

Flux

Cuteer & Stripper

PCB (Printed circuit board)

Description of all tools is given below :


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What is solder?

y Solder is an alloy (mixture) of tin and lead, typically 60% tin and 40% lead. It

melts at a temperature of about 200C. Coating a surface with solder is

called 'tinning' because of the tin content of solder. Lead is poisonous and

you should always wash your hands after using solder.

y Solder for electronics use contains tiny cores of flux, like the wires inside a

mains flex. The flux is corrosive, like an acid, and it cleans the metal

surfaces as the solder melts. This is why you must melt the solder actually

on the joint, not on the iron tip. Without flux most joints would fail because

metals quickly oxidise and the solder itself will not flow properly onto a

dirty, oxidised, metal surface.


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Desoldering

At some stage you will probably need to desolder a joint to remove or re-position

a wire or component. There are two ways to remove the solder

1. With a desoldering pump (soldersucker):-

Set the pump by pushing the spring-loaded plunger down until it locks.

Apply both the pump nozzle and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.

Wait a second or two for the solder to melt.

Then press the button on the pump to release the plunger and suck themolten solder into the tool.

Repeat if necessary to remove as much solder as possible.

The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.


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2. With solder remover wick (copper braid)

Apply both the end of the wick and the tip of your soldering iron to thejoint.

As the solder melts most of it will flow onto the wick, away from the joint.

Remove the wick first, then the soldering iron.

Cut off and discard the end of the wick coated with solder.

After removing most of the solder from the joint(s) you may be able to remove the

wire or component lead straight away (allow a few seconds for it to cool). If thejoint will not come apart easily apply your soldering iron to melt the remainingtraces of solder at the same time as pulling the joint apart, taking care to avoidburning yourself.


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Desoldering wire:-

This is made of thin copper net wire like a screen cable in a coaxial cable.

Like water inhales to cloth, the solder is absorbed to the net wire by a

capillary tube phenomenon.

The usage is shown below.

Apply the desoldering wire to the part that wants to take solder.

Apply the soldering iron from the top and Melt the solder.

The melted solder is absorbed to desoldering wire with acapillary tube phenomenon. At this time you absorb solder while

shifting desoldering wire.

When the solder can not be removed in the once, removerepeatedly while shifting the desoldering wire.

There are several kinds of width of desoldering wire. I am usingthe one with 2mm width.


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Soldering Iron:-

A soldering iron is a device used to attach pieces of metal together with

molten lead, which is called soldering.

Soldering irons are used mainly for attaching electronic components onto

a circuit board, but can also be used for other tasks such as fixing jewelry.

There are several different kinds of soldering irons, such as ones that are

hotter than others, and ones that use electricity or natural gas.


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RIBBON WIRE

A ribbon cable (also known as multi-wire planar cable) is a cable with many

conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat plane. As a

result the cable is wide and flat. Its name comes from the resemblance of the

cable to a piece of ribbon (which is likewise wide and flat).

Ribbon cables are commonly seen for internal peripherals in computers, such as

hard drives, CD drives and floppy drives. On some older computer systems (such

as the BBCMicro) they were commonly used for external connections as well.

Unfortunately the ribbon-like shape makes them awkward to handle, especially

when there are a lot of them, and so round cables have almost entirely replaced

ribbon cables for external connections.


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CUTTER & STRIPPER

Cutter and stripper

Cutter and stripper are two main instruments for cutting purpose.

These are used to cut ribbon wire.

And also for to cut the wire or metel side of component.

These are very essential parts of the soldering. In soldrings process cutter and stripper are very useful for to

impklement the components on pcb.


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DMM (digital multi meter)

A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a volt/ohm meter or VOM, is an

electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions

in one unit. A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to

measure voltage, current and resistance. Multimeters may use analog or digital

circuitsanalog multimeters and digital multimeters (often abbreviated DMM or

DVOM.) Analog instruments are usually based on a microammeter whose pointer

moves over a scale calibration for all the different measurements that can be

made; digital instruments usually display digits, but may display a bar of a length

proportional to the quantity measured.

A multimeter can be a hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field

service work or a bench instrument which can measure to a very high degree of

accuracy. They can be used to troubleshoot electrical problems in a wide array of

industrial and household devices such as electronic equipment, motor controls,

domestic appliances, power supplies, and wiring systems.


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FLUX

In metallurgy, a flux is a chemical cleaning agent that facilitates

soldering, brazing, and welding by removing oxidation from the metals to be

joined. Common fluxes are: ammonium chloride or rosin for soldering tin;

hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride for soldering galvanized iron (and other zinc

surfaces); and borax for brazing or braze-welding ferrous metals. Different fluxes,

mostly based on sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and a fluoride such as

sodium fluoride, are used in foundries for removing impurities from molten

nonferrous metals such as aluminum, or for adding desirable trace elements

such as titanium.


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PCB (printed circuit board)

A printed circuit board, orPCB, is used to mechanically support and electricallyconnect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal

traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It

is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. APCB

populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly (PCA), also

known as a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout

effort and higher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point

constructed circuits, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume

production. Much of the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality

control needs are set by standards that are published by the IPC organization.


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Safety and Precautions:-

First a few safety precautions:

Never touch the element or tip of the soldering iron.They are very hot (about 400C) and will give you a nasty burn.

Take great care to avoid touching the mains flex with the tip of theiron.

The iron should have a heatproof flex for extra protection. An

ordinary plastic flex will melt immediately if touched by a hot iron

and there is a serious risk of burns and electric shock.

Always return the soldering iron to its stand when not in use.Never put it down on your workbench, even for a moment!

W

ork in a well-ventilated area.The smoke formed as you melt solder is mostly from the flux and

quite irritating. Avoid breathing it by keeping you head to the side

of, not above, your work.

Wash your hands after using solder.Solder contains lead which is a poisonous metal.

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