Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vedeUniverzitetni center za vinogradništvo in vinarstvo

MERANOVO

SORTIMENT VINSKE TRTE(Katalog sort)

Stanko VRŠIČBorut PULKO

2012

Razvoj ampelografskih kolecij na Štajerskem

Ampelografija je veda, ki se ukvarja s proučevanjem vrst in sort vinske trte, njihovega izvora in sistematike vinske trte ter z opisi posameznih sort in podlag. Opise številnih sort najdemo že v delih antičnih grških in rimskih pisateljev. Zaradi različnih imen so se pojavljale vedno večje težave pri uporabi imen in razpoznavanju sort tako v praksi, kakor tudi v strokovni literaturi. Bolj razširjene sorte so dobile na desetine novih imen in sinonimov. Ta zmeda in težave v nomenklaturi vinske trte trajajo tudi dandanes. V začetku so si za odpravljanje teh težav pomagali z ampelografskimi kolekcijami (sortimenti vinske trte), pozneje pa so se lotili sistematskega opisovanja sort.

Med začetnike natančnega in sistematičnega urejanja sort vinske trte štejemo Franza Trummerja, ki je leta 1841 podrobno opisal 282 sort vinske trte na Štajerskem. Za to ampelografijo sta brata Kreutzer izdelala izvirne slike, na katerih so se ohranile tudi značilnosti nekaterih, na žalost danes izgubljenih sort. Trummer je bil vrtnar na vinogradniški poskusni postaji nadvojvode Janeza pri Gradcu. Podobno poskusno postajo je nadvojvoda postavil na posestvu nad Limbušem (današnje Meranovo), katerega vinograde je kupil leta 1822, čez deset let pa ustanovil prvo vinogradniško šolo. V tem obdobju se je pri nas sortiment močno spremil s sortami iz Porenja in ostalih delov Evrope. Bolj napredni vinogradniki so že sadili vinograde v vrste in vsako sorto posebej (vedno manj je bilo mešanih vinogradov), s tem pa se je začelo tudi zmanjševati število sort v vinogradih. To obdobje prav gotovo lahko štejemo za začetek sodobnega vinogradništva, kar potrjuje tudi današnji sortni trsni izbor, ki se je od takrat zelo malo spremenil. Matija Vertovec je v Vinoreji (1845) povzel opise sort po Trummerju. To je bilo prvo slovensko delo o vinogradništvu.

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Trtna uš je konec 19. stoletja v Evropi povzročila veliko katastrofo v vinogradništvu, zato se je tudi sortiment precej spremenil, predvsem pa skrčil na manjše število sort. Vinogradniki so poskušali izboljšati kakovost vina z uvajanjem novih sort. Leta 1905 je Fr. Zweifler, ravnatelj Štajerske deželne sadjarsko-vinarske šole v Mariboru, objavil predlog sortimenta za vinsko trto, slovenski prevod pa Ivan Belle. Zweifler je priporočal za bela vina ‘Laški rizling’, ‘Beli pinot’, ‘Belo žlahtnino’, ‘Rdečo žlahtnino’, ‘Renski rizling’, ‘Šipon’, Rumeni muškat’, ‘Zeleni silvanec’ in ‘Traminec’, za rdeča pa ‘Modro frankinjo’, ‘Žametovko’ in ‘Vranek’. Vinogradnikom je že takrat priporočal naj sadijo kvečjemu 2 ali 3 sorte.

V tem obdobju in vse do druge polovice 20. stoletja je bila v Mariboru, v vinogradih kmetijske šole pod Kalvarijo, ena največjih ampelografskih kolekcij na Balkanu. V njej so v preteklosti mnoge generacije dijakov spoznavale lastnosti sort vinske trte, mnogim strokovnjakom (žlahtniteljem in selekcionistom) pa je služila za križanje sort in odbiro najboljših primerkov. Po obnovi vinogradov leta 1980 so kolekcijo izkrčili in jo imeli namen ponovno razmnožiti v takratni trsnici podjetja Vinag. S tem se je obdobje slovite kolekcije končalo, saj so vsi materiali propadli. Vsem, ki so takrat pri tem sodelovali in bili za to odgovorni jim to ne more biti v strokovni ali kakršenkoli drug ponos.

Leta 1994 je zgodovinsko znano vinogradniško posestvo na Meranovem dobila takratna Visoka kmetijska šola, na katerem je pozneje ustanovila Univerzitetni center za vinogradništvo in vinarstvo. Ob obnovi vinogradniških površin in objektov je leta 2000 začel nastajati najprej sortiment za vinsko trto. V tej knjižici so v slikovni obliki predstavljene nekatere sorte in podlage od skupaj 136 primerkov. Pozneje je začela nastajati tudi širša ampelografska kolekcija (genska banka), kar bo predstavljeno v naslednji publikaciji. Vse to počnemo v upanju, da je ne bo doletela enaka usoda, kot tisto pod Kalvarijo.

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8 BČ .....................................60125 AA ................................607116 ....................................42Auxerrois .............................. 9Barbera ................................. 9Bela jurka ...........................42Bela žlahtnina ...................50Beli pinot ...........................10Binova .................................61Börner .................................61Cabernet carol ..................43Cabernet sauvignon ........10Cencukna ...........................11Chardonnay .......................11Cividin ................................12Clinton ................................43Cundra ................................12Donaris ...............................50Dornfelder .........................13Ezerfürtü ............................13Frankinja ............................14Gamay .................................44Imperial ..............................51Izabela ................................44Italia ....................................51Jilijski muškat ...................52Johanniter ..........................45Juhfark ................................14Kardinal ..............................52

Kerner .................................15Klarnica ..............................15Kober 5BB ..........................62Köenige ester ....................53Kraljica vinogradov ..........53Laški rizling .......................16LN 33B ................................62M 5 .......................................63M 6 .......................................63Malvazija ............................16Matekovič 14-2.................17Merlot .................................17Modri pinot Mf ..................18Monarch .............................45Muškat hamburg ..............54Muškat madam matias ....54Muškat ottonel .................18Nero.....................................55Noah ....................................46Patria ...................................55Pergolin ..............................19Petršiljasta žlahtnina ......56Phönix .................................46Pika ......................................19Pinela ..................................20Planinka ..............................20Pogroznica .........................21Pokalica ..............................21Poljšakica ...........................22

Seznam sort v sortimentu Meranovo

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Postič-Mülerrebe .............22Prima ...................................56Prior.....................................47Ranfol .................................23Ranina .................................23Rdeča jurka ........................47Rdeča kraljevina ...............24Rdeča žlahtnina ................57Rebula .................................24Refošk .................................25Regent ................................48Renski rizling ....................25Riparia ................................64Rizvanec .............................26Rumeni muškat .................26Rumeni plavec ..................27Rupestris ............................64Sauvignon ..........................27Sevka ...................................28Šipon ...................................31Sivi pinot ............................28Sivi pinot -mutacija .........29Sladkočrn ...........................29SO4 ......................................65Solaris .................................48

Števarjana ..........................31Sušc .....................................30Suvenir ...............................57Syrah ...................................30Tamina ................................58Traminec .............................32Trollinger ............................32Tržarka ................................33Verbena ..............................33Verduc .................................34Vitovska grganja ...............34Vrbovec ..............................35Vrtovka ...............................35Xenia ...................................58Žametovka .........................40Zelen ...................................36Zelenec ...............................36Zelenika ..............................38Zeleni sauvignon ..............37Zeleni silvanec ..................37Zeleni veltlinec .................38Zengö ..................................39Zunek ..................................39Zweigelt .............................40

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Vinske sorte

Auxerrois ..........................................................................................9Barbera .............................................................................................9Beli pinot ...................................................................................... 10Cabernet sauvignon ................................................................... 10Cencukna ...................................................................................... 11Chardonnay .................................................................................. 11Cividin ........................................................................................... 12Cundra ........................................................................................... 12Dornfelder .................................................................................... 13Ezerfürtü ....................................................................................... 13Frankinja ....................................................................................... 14Juhfark ........................................................................................... 14Kerner ............................................................................................ 15Klarnica ......................................................................................... 15Laški rizling .................................................................................. 16Malvazija ....................................................................................... 16Matekovič 14-2............................................................................ 17Merlot ............................................................................................ 17Modri pinot Mf ............................................................................. 18Muškat ottonel ............................................................................ 18Pergolin ......................................................................................... 19Pika ................................................................................................. 19Pinela ............................................................................................. 20Planinka ......................................................................................... 20Pogroznica .................................................................................... 21Pokalica ......................................................................................... 21Poljšakica ...................................................................................... 22Postič-Mülerrebe ........................................................................ 22Ranfol ............................................................................................ 23Ranina ............................................................................................ 23Rdeča kraljevina .......................................................................... 24Rebula ............................................................................................ 24Refošk ............................................................................................ 25

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Renski rizling ............................................................................... 25Rizvanec ........................................................................................ 26Rumeni muškat ............................................................................ 26Rumeni plavec ............................................................................. 27Sauvignon ..................................................................................... 27Sevka .............................................................................................. 28Sivi pinot ....................................................................................... 28Sivi pinot -mutacija .................................................................... 29Sladkočrn ...................................................................................... 29Sušc ................................................................................................ 30Syrah .............................................................................................. 30Šipon .............................................................................................. 31Števarjana ..................................................................................... 31Traminec ........................................................................................ 32Trollinger ....................................................................................... 32Tržarka ........................................................................................... 33Verbena ......................................................................................... 33Verduc ............................................................................................ 34Vitovska grganja .......................................................................... 34Vrbovec ......................................................................................... 35Vrtovka .......................................................................................... 35Zelen .............................................................................................. 36Zelenec .......................................................................................... 36Zeleni sauvignon ......................................................................... 37Zeleni silvanec ............................................................................. 37Zeleni veltlinec ............................................................................ 38Zelenika ......................................................................................... 38Zengö ............................................................................................. 39Zunek ............................................................................................. 39Zweigelt ........................................................................................ 40Žametovka .................................................................................... 40

9

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Cenc

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12

Civ

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Dor

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Fran

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Kern

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Mer

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Mod

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Perg

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20

Pine

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21

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Polj

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24

Rdeč

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25

Refo

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26

Riz

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27

Rum

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28

Sevk

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Sivi

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Sušc

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Šipo

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Tram

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Trža

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Zele

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Zele

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Zeng

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Žam

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41

Interspecifične sorte

7116 ............................................................................................... 42Bela jurka ...................................................................................... 42Cabernet carol ............................................................................. 43Clinton ........................................................................................... 43Gamay ............................................................................................ 44Izabela ........................................................................................... 44Johanniter ..................................................................................... 45Monarch ........................................................................................ 45Noah ............................................................................................... 46Phönix ............................................................................................ 46Prior................................................................................................ 47Rdeča jurka ................................................................................... 47Regent ........................................................................................... 48Solaris ............................................................................................ 48

42

7116

Bela

jurk

a

43

Cabe

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car

olC

lint

on

44

Gam

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abel

a

45

Joha

nnit

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46

Noa

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önix

47

Prio

rRd

eča

jurk

a

48

Rege

ntSo

lari

s

49

Namizne sorte

Bela žlahtnina .............................................................................. 50Donaris .......................................................................................... 50Imperial ......................................................................................... 51Italia ............................................................................................... 51Jilijski muškat .............................................................................. 52Kardinal ......................................................................................... 52Köenige ester ............................................................................... 53Kraljica vinogradov ..................................................................... 53Muškat hamburg ......................................................................... 54Muškat madam matias ............................................................... 54Nero................................................................................................ 55Patria .............................................................................................. 55Petršiljasta žlahtnina ................................................................. 56Prima .............................................................................................. 56Rdeča žlahtnina ........................................................................... 57Suvenir .......................................................................................... 57Tamina ........................................................................................... 58Xenia .............................................................................................. 58

50

Bela

žla

htni

naD

onar

is

51

Impe

rial

Ital

ia

52

Jili

jski

muš

kat

Kar

dina

l

53

Köen

ige

este

rK

ralj

ica

vino

grad

ov

54

Muš

kat h

ambu

rgM

uška

t mad

am m

atia

s

55

Ner

oPa

tria

56

Petr

šilj

asta

žla

htni

naPr

ima

57

Rdeč

a žl

ahtn

ina

Suve

nir

58

Tam

ina

Xen

ia

59

Podlage

125 AA ........................................................................................... 608 BČ ................................................................................................ 60Binova ............................................................................................ 61Börner ............................................................................................ 61Kober 5BB ..................................................................................... 62LN 33B ........................................................................................... 62M 5 .................................................................................................. 63M 6 .................................................................................................. 63Riparia ........................................................................................... 64Rupestris ....................................................................................... 64SO4 ................................................................................................. 65

60

125

AA

8 BČ

61

Bino

vaBö

rner

62

Kobe

r 5B

BLN

33B

63

M 5

M 6

64

Rip

aria

Rup

estr

is

65

SO4

66