sruliad saqartvelos - sangu.ge · ambrosi sul weliwadi ar aris, rac winamzrvrad gamoam- weses,...

sruliad saqarTvelossruliad saqarTvelossruliad saqarTvelossruliad saqarTvelossruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikoskaTolikoskaTolikoskaTolikoskaTolikos–––––patriarqipatriarqipatriarqipatriarqipatriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresiuwmidesi da unetaresiuwmidesi da unetaresiuwmidesi da unetaresiuwmidesi da unetaresi

ambrosiambrosiambrosiambrosiambrosi

(1921-1927 w.w.)(1921-1927 w.w.)(1921-1927 w.w.)(1921-1927 w.w.)(1921-1927 w.w.)

TbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisi2009 weli2009 weli2009 weli2009 weli2009 weli

sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe

wigni eZRvneba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarquwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis cxovrebasa da saqmianobas. misbrZolas saqarTvelos eklesiuri da saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisu-

flebisaTvis da mowameobriv aRsasruls.

redaqtori: iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)

recenzentebi: profesoriprofesoriprofesoriprofesoriprofesori zaza maruaSvili zaza maruaSvili zaza maruaSvili zaza maruaSvili zaza maruaSvili

profesori vaxtang guruliprofesori vaxtang guruliprofesori vaxtang guruliprofesori vaxtang guruliprofesori vaxtang guruli

istoriis akademiuri doqtori istoriis akademiuri doqtori istoriis akademiuri doqtori istoriis akademiuri doqtori istoriis akademiuri doqtori

giorgi maisuraZe giorgi maisuraZe giorgi maisuraZe giorgi maisuraZe giorgi maisuraZe

gamomcemloba

`naTlismcemeli~

www.ph-natlismtsemeli.ge

ISBN 978-9941-9049-3-6

s a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v i

1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde . . . . . . . . 6

2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da erovnuli interesebis dasacavad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263. `me avdivar golgoTaze~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1105. `ganaxlebis da reformebis~ droSiT uwmidesi ambrosis damxobis mzakvruli gegmebi . . . . . . . . . . . 126

6. wmindanTa dasSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397. dokumentebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

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redaqtoris winasityvaobaredaqtoris winasityvaobaredaqtoris winasityvaobaredaqtoris winasityvaobaredaqtoris winasityvaoba

XX saukunis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesiis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli sidiadiT brwyinavssruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi daunetaresi ambrosi. misi cxovreba da moRvaweoba iyo mZime,ekliani, magram amaRlebuli da misabaZi. ramdeni devna-Sevi-wroeba, ciliswameba da damcireba gadaitana samSoblos,mSobliuri eklesiis usazRvro erTgulebisa da siyvarulisgamo. mas devnidnen, rogorc nikoloz II-is ruseTSi, asevebolSevikur modernizebul rusul-sabWoTa imperiaSi. 1921wlis 25 Tebervals bolSevikuri saokupacio jarebi Tbi-lisSi Semovidnen... daiwyo agresiuli aTeizmis xana, saqarTve-lo qarTveli patriotebis sisxlSi curavda. aseT viTareba-Si umoqmedoba, gaCumeba Ralatis tolfasi iyo. uwmidesmada unetaresma ambrosim, rogorc qarTveli eris WeSmaritmasulierma winamZRolma xma aRimaRla Tavisi samwysos, saqarTve-los dasacavad da genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze gag-zavnil memorandumSi ganaTlebul msoflios mouwoda dax-marebodnen saqarTvelos, ar daetovebinaT igi martod-mar-to bolSevikuri ruseTis pirispir... samwuxaroa, magram faqtiaistorias uyvars paradoqsebi da gameorebac. paradoqsi iyo,rom samSoblos moRalatis braldebiT uwmidesi da une-taresi ambrosi gaasamarTles da metexis cixeSi Casves...uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sulieri gautexelobismagaliTi misca qarTvelobas, man bolSevikuri tiranis sams-javros qristes sityvebiT mimarTa ̀ asulno ierusalimisanonu stiriT Cem zeda, aramed tirodeT TavTa TqvenTa daSvilTa TqvenTaTvis.~ uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi Caifer-fla samSoblos siyvarulSi, magram XX saukunis 20-80-ianiwlebis saqarTveloSi misi saxeli `reaqcioner-antisabWoe-lis~ iarliyiT iyo daburvili... Tumca sabolood mainc ize-ima samarTlianobam, daemxo Tixis fexebze Semdgari sabWoTaimperia da misi ideologia, uwmidesi ambrosis saxeli axali

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brwyinvalebiT warmoCinda Cvens winaSe. 1995 wlis seqtem-berSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos ka-Tolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT uwmidesiambrosi wmindanad Seiracxa.

CemTvis didi pativia vatarebde am didi adamianisa dawmindanis saxels. yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli iyo Cemi damok-idebuleba wmida ambrosi aRmsareblis mimarT. mixaria, rommomeca SesaZlebloba viyo redaqtori masze dawerili Sesani-Snavi wignisa, romelsac interesiTa da siyvaruliT miiRebsqarTveli mkiTxveli, morwmune mrevli.

saguramos wm. ilia marTliseklesiis winamZRvariiRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)15.06. 2009 w.

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1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde

XX saukunis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisistoriaSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi xelaias gansakuTrebuliadgili uWiravs. rogori rTuli winaaRmdegobrivic iyo gasu-li saukunis pirveli meoTxedi saqarTvelosaTvis, aseTivemZime iyo igi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosisaTvis. saqarTve-los istoriis erT-erT yvelaze tragikul wlebSi, rocabolSevikebis mier okupirebul da saSineli represiebisdros RvTis gangebam mas arguna yofiliyo sulieri winamZRoliqarTveli xalxis, qarTuli inteligenciis, aristokratiisa.man uSiSrad itvirTa qarTveli eris sulieri gaZlierebismisia da Tavisi Tavis msxverplad mitaniT gaadaarCina saqarTve-los Tavisuflebis idea, misma Tavdadebam TviT urwmunoadamianebSic ki didi pativiscema da siyvaruli daimkvidra.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, eriskacobaSi besarionzosimes Ze xelaia daibada 1861 wlis 7 oqtombers martvilSi.

1871-1873 wlebSi swavlobda oCamCiris pirveldawyebiTskolaSi, xolo 1873-1879 wlebSi martvilis sasulierosaswavlebelSi. es iyo dro, rodesac ruseTis xelisuflebaaqtiurad Seudga Tavisi veraguli zraxvis, qarTvelTa dena-cionalizaciis politikis ganxorcielebas, es tendenciagansakuTrebiT igrZnoboda afxazeTSi. Wabukma besarion xe-laiam Tavis Tavze iwvnia ruseTis velikoderJavuli poli-tikis veragoba. ukve ikveTeboda qarTvelTa da afxazTa Sorisgaucxoebis tendencia, qarTveloba sakuTar samSobloSivedevnili iyo. SedarebiT ukeTesi viTareba iyo martvilissasuliero saswavlebelSi, sadac iyvnen iseTi maswavle-blebic, romelnic moswavleebs gatacebiT uambobdnen sa-zogadoebaSi ukve daviwyebul qarTvel mefeebze, qarTvelgmirebze, qarTvel wmindanebze. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebe-li moZraobis didi warmomadgenlebis: ilia WavWavaZis, akakiwereTlis, iakob gogebaSvili, niko nikolaZis mier dawyebu-

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li qarTveli eris didi gamoRviZebis sio provinciebSicigrZnoboda.

1879 wels Wabuki besarion xelaia Cairicxa Tbilisissasuliero seminariaSi. saqarTvelos yofil dedaqalaq XIXsaukuneSi amierkavkasiis centrad wodebul Tbiliss uWir-da qarTuli qalaqis saxis SenarCuneba. TbilisSi 41 erisada erovnebis warmomadgeneli cxovrobda, maT Soris 21%qarTveli, 37%-somexi, 30%-rusi, xolo danarCeni sxvadasx-va eris warmomadgenlebi (1,29). 1866 wels qalaqSi SemoRe-bul iqna TviTmmarTveloba qalaqis Tavad arCeul iqna gen-erali arwruni, magram TbilisSi moRvaweobdnen ilia Wav-WavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, niko nikolaZe,sergei mesxi. aqve funqcionirebda `qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba,~ gamodioda ilia Wav-WavaZis `iveria~, sergei mesxis `droeba~, mimdinareobda po-lemika qarTuli bankis gamo. qarTveli samRvdeloebis mow-inave nawili ukve aRar erideboda saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblobaze saubars.TviT sasuliero seminariaSi ki sulisSemxuTveli, Sovinis-turi atmosfero iyo gamefebuli. qarTveli pedagogebi gan-icdidnen devnas, Seuracxyofas, seminarielebs qarTuladfiqrsac ukrZalavdnen, miuxedavad amisa besarion xelaiammtkiced gadawyvita mTeli Tavisi cxovreba qarTveli xalx-isaTvis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interese-bis brZolisaTvis mieZRvna.

rogorc zaqaria WiWinaZe gadmogvcems: `besarion xelaiaiyo uRrmesad moyvare Tavis samSoblo qveynis, Tavis eris,qarTuli mwerlobis da saqarTvelos istoriis... yovelTvisgul-nakluli iyo qarTveli eris ase dacemasa da daqveiTe-bazed. sZulda sastikad ugulo amxanagebi, nametur isini,romelnic xSirad saqarTvelosac wara-marad uarhyofd-nen.~(2,5). 1887 wels igi akurTxes soxumis eparqiis soWiseklesiis mRvdlad, 1892 wlidan soxumis sakaTedro taZriskandelakia, 1890 wlis 30 aprils ilia WavWavaZis `iveria-

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Si~ gamoqveynda mama besarion xelaias werili gudauTisubanSi misioner ambrosi kavkasiZis stumrobis Sesaxeb. mis-ioneri ambrosi kavkasiZe kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmdgene-li sazogadoebis skolebis inspeqtori iyo da gamoirCeodagulisxmierebiTa da mWermetyvelebiT exeboda ra mis qad-agebas gudauTis Temis lixnis eklesiaSi mama besarion xe-laia dasZenda: ̀ Semdgom wirvisa arqimandritma xalxs uTxraqadageba, swored rom vTqvaT, ufro darigeba iyo misi sity-va, vidre saeklesio qadageba da xalxze amitomac didadimoqmeda misma mdabio, gasagonis eniT warmoTqmulma sity-vam. Semdgomad aseTis swavla-moZRvrebisa auxsna xalxsSvilebis swavlebis sargebloba da uTxra, rom Tqvens sa-zogadoebaSic skola gamarTeTo... wirvis Semdeg xalxma erTx-mad gadawyvita iqonion skola, Seadgina ganaCeni, rom moamzadonsaxli skolisa da maswavleblebisaTvis. arqimandriti dah-pirda, rodesac skolis Senoba mzad iqneba, maswavlebelsacgamogigzavniT, skolis saWiro wignebsac da nivTebsaco, mas-wavlebelsac jamagirs Cven mivcemTo. aseTma mamobrivma dari-gebam da Semweobis aRmoCenam da daxmarebam Zalian asiamovnaxalxi, TiTqos gulio moulbao yvelas da Tbili sxivi Cau-fina. vidre arqimandriti cotas daisvenebda da isadilebda,sazogadoebam niSnad pativiscemisa fexi aRar moicvala imadgilidan. mere yvela warmomadgenelni sazogadoebisa gamo-eTxovnen, didi madloba gadauxades aseTis TanagrZnobisaTvisda gaistumres... RmerTma inebos, rom amisTana kacebi xSiraddahxedavdnen xolme Cvens miviwyebuls mxares da aTasSierTxel mainc gagvagonebdnen kacobriulsa da keTils sity-va-pasuxsa.~ (20, 1890, 30 IV) dasZenda mama besarioni. sox-umSi moRvaweobam kidev ufro ganumtkica azri, rom saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis momavlisaTvis brZolaSisasuliero pirisaTvis aucilebeli iyo mravalmxrivi ga-naTleba, amitom igi 1897 wels swavlis gasagrZelebladyazanis sasuliero akademiaSi Sevida. mama besarionis soxu-mis sakaTedro taZridan yazanSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad

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wasvlas ase gamoexmaura gazeTi cnobis furceli `keTilimoZRvris wasvla.~

`mama besarion xelaias mrevlis ganusazRvreli siyvaru-li hqonda damsaxurebuli Tavisi mamaSvilurisa da saTnoqceviT. yvelas guli dawyvita sayvarelis moZRvris moSore-bam.~(21, 1897, 30 XI).

1897 wlis 30 dekembers sergi gorgaZem Jurnali `mwyem-sis~ redaqtors dekanoz daviT RambaSiZes aseTi Sinaarsiswerili gaugzavna `vici, Tu ra didaT sasiamovnoa CveniSegnebuli sazogadoebisaTvis umaRlesi swavla-ganaTlebismqone sasuliero pirTa Semomateba, vici agreTve rogorisixaruliT egebebodiT Tqven da Tqveni piriT mTeli CvenisamRvdeloeba leonidis, dimitris, kirionis, eqvTimes be-rad aRkvecas. amisaTvis veswrafi vacnobo pativcemul`mwyemsis~ mkiTxvelebs erTi friad sasixarulo ambavi, romel-ic WeSmaritad amarTlebs im azrs, rom es ukanaskneli aTiweli saqarTvelos eklesiis cxovrebaSi Savi samRvdeloeb-is ganaxlebis xanad unda CaiTvalos, rom qarTvelebs mt-kice sarwmunoeba qristesi da marTlmadidebeli eklesiispativiscema arc ise gaqrobiaT gulSi, rogorc es zogierTerebs egonaT _ amis utyuar magaliTs, zemoTaRniSnulipirTa garda, warmogvidgeba kidev mama besarion xelaia,romelic wels CvenTan erTad miiRes yazanis sasulieroakademiaSi. amis gadawyvetileba sinodisagan 31 oqtombersmogvivida. mama besarions Tbilisis sasuliero seminariadaumTavrebia... am oTxi wlis winaT daqvrivebula da xelzedarCenia oblad sami Svili. sabedod mama besarionis mama(mRvdeli _ zosime) cocxali hyavs da swored am garemoebasSeuwyvia misTvis xeli, Torem SeiZleba verc ki gaebednaymawvilebis datoveba... visurvebT sxva axalgazrda mRvdlebsacmiebaZoT mama besarionis magaliTisaTvis da ar dazarebodeTumaRlesi swavlis miReba samSoblo eklesiis samsaxurad dasasaxelod~ (22, 1897, 30 XII). am dros yazanis sasulieroakademiaSi araerTi qarTveli swavlobda, maT Soris gamoir-

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Ceodnen: eqvTime kaWaxiZe (SemdgomSi mitropoliti daviTi),mixeil fxalaZe (sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-arqi melqisedek III), sergi gorgaZe (istorikosi), ipolitevarTagava (mwerali, kritikosi). rogorc es ukanaskneli gad-mogvcems: `vinc besarions axlos gaecnoboda, darwmundebo-da, rom is usaTuod niWieri, ganviTarebuli, uaRresad pa-tiosani, keTili, saTno, uerTgulesi amxanagi da adamianiiyo... aRmoCnda, rom aramc Tu Cvenze nakleb, umetesad yofi-la qarTuli erovnuli da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebiT dain-teresebuli, isic gafacicebiT Tvalyurs adevnebda samSob-loSi warmoebul politikur literaturul-kulturulibrZolis msvlelobas, Cveni istoriis pirvelwyaroebze muSaob-da da daemzadebina ramdenime istoriuli Tu sxva xasiaTisnarkvevi. rusi studentebic male darwmundnen, rom besari-oni iyo didad momzadebuli da ganviTarebuli pirovneba:or sasemestro TxzulebebSi man sastik profesorTa uaR-resad sapatio dafaseba miiRo.~(3,63)

1900 wlis 11 Tebervals besarioni berad aRikveca dasaxelad ewoda ambrosi. 1900 wlis 11 Tebervals saRamos 6saaTze yazanis sasuliero akademiis eklesiaSi aTamde qarTveliSeikriba daniSnuli iyo mRvdeli besarion xelaias beradaRkveca. wesi reqtorma, episkoposma antonma Seasrula dagulSiCamwdomi sityva warmosTqva. igi RmerTs besarionissaxeliT Seavedra, aiRo xelSi makrateli Seikveca TmisReri da amis mere ̀ besarioni~ aRaravis gaugonia: mas uwodesambrosi.~ mRvdelmTavars uTqvams: ̀ sabero saTnoebaTa Sorissimdable yvelaze ufro maRali da Zneli saTnoebaa. igiSvelis kacs, moTminebiT aitanos yovelgvari gaWirveba...WeSmariti simdabliT aRWurvili moZRvari TviT gulqva daampartavan adamianebzec ki Zlier zneobriv gavlenas iqonie-bs xolme... simdablis mqone kaci imiTaa kidev Zlieri, rommas TviT sikvdilis moaxloebac ki ver SeaSfoTebs, imsikvdilisa, romlis winaSec ase xSirad TrTian xolme TviTuZleveli da gulmagari gmirebi. aseTia simdablis uaRreso-

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ba, magram ramdenadac Zlieria igi, imdenad ufro Zneliamisi mopoveba; gansakuTrebiT Zlier uWirT es axalgazrdada gamoucdel berebs.~ (9,25-26). akademiis damTavrebis Semdegmama ambrosi dabrunda saqarTveloSi. 1901 wels mcire xniTmoRvaweobda soxumSi, magram misi iq yofna xels ar aZlev-daT antiqarTul Zalebs, igi mourideblad amxelda ruseTissaero da sasuliero xelisuflebis Sovinistur politikas.amitom 1902 wels igi gadmoyvanil iqna raWaSi, WeliSismonastris winamZRvrad. aq man Tavisi Tavdadebuli saqmiano-biT mosaxleobis gulwrfeli siyvaruli da pativiscema daim-saxura. 1903 wels mariamobis dResaswaulze Casul cnobilqarTvel mwignobars sosiko merkvilaZes wirvis Semdeg mous-menia misi qadageba, igi imdenad STambeWdavi yofila, rommsmenelTa umravlesobas sixarulis cremlebi hqonda. `mamaambrosi sul weliwadi ar aris, rac winamZRvrad gamoam-weses, magram RvTisa da kacis moyvare adamianisaTvis esmokle droc sakmarisi yofila, rom wrfelis guliT Sey-varebia xalxs. axlo maxlo soflebSi Cven imisTana kacs arSevxvedrivarT, romelic wrfelis guliT ar iyos ganmsWva-luli mama ambrosisadmi Rrma pativiscemiT da siyvaruliT.sosiko merkvilaZe arqimandrit ambrosis gulTazrian RvT-sismsaxurs uwodebda.~(2,11)

mama ambrosim TiTqmis gaukacrielebuli monasteri kvlavaaRorZina. man dawvrilebiT Seiswavla raWa-leCxumis siZve-leni. saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli xelnawerebis Ses-wavlis interesi jer kidev yazanis sasuliero akademiaSiswavlis dros gamoavlina. man sasuliero akademiaSi daicvasakandidato disertacia `Áîðüáà Õðèñòèàíñòâà ñ Èñëàìîì â Ãðóçèè~. amis Sesaxeb 1901 wlis 14 ivliss gaz. `iveria~auwyebda sazogadoebas. amis Semdegac ar Seuwyvetia am mima-rTulebiT saqmianoba. arqimandritma ambrosim Jurn. `gan-Tiadsa~ da ̀ cxovrebaSi~ 1915-1917 w.w. ̀ amberis~ fsevdonim-iT gamoaqveyna `mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi.~ man saintere-sod aRwera WeliSis monastris xelnawerebis istoria. ̀ um-

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ravlesoba WeliSis monasterSi dacul xelnawerebisa gad-moutaniaT sxvavidan, sxvavis, an veltyevis udabnos gauqme-bis Semdeg, magram axla Znelia danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rome-li, an ramdeni maTgani ekuTvnoda sxvavis udabnos. amismizezi iyo daudevroba, an ukeT vTqvaT, Seugnebloba monas-tris mmarTvelobisa, romelnic am xelnawerebs ar aZlevd-nen araviTar mniSvnelobas da amis gamo, eklesiis qonebaTaaRwerilobaSi ar SeutaniaT... bevri Zvirfasi xelnaweri sam-udamod dakargulTa mecnierebisaTvis. xolo danarCeni mi-uyriaT eklesiis kuTxeSi sxva uxmar da uvargis nivTebTan,romelTac monasteri ar saWiroebda, amis gamo xelnawerebiimdenad dampal-danestianebuli aRmoCnda, rom saWiro SeiqmnamaTi gamomzeureba da TiTo furclobiT Sroma, rasac moun-da mTeli erTi Tve. gaSroba-gamomzeurebis Semdeg SeZlebi-sdagvarad gadavaTvaliereT xelnawerebi da amis Sedegia maTimokle aRwera.~(2,5-6). arqimandritma ambrosim aRmoaCina qarTu-li mecnierebisaTvis manamde ucnobi `qarTlis moqcevis~WeliSuri varianti, romelic misive gamokvleviT SevidaeqvTime TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli `ZvelisaqarTvelos~ pirvel tomSi, xolo calke gamoica 1911 wels.

arqimandritma ambrosim 1907 wlis 28 dekembers saisto-rio sazogadoebaSi waikiTxa specialuri gamokvleva `qarT-lis moqcevis~ WeliSuri variantis Sesaxeb misi azriT `xe-lnaweris pirveli nawili unda ekuTvnodes XIII-XIV saukunes.Cven SesaZleblad vTvliT _ ganagrZobda igi _ am xelnawer-is dednis gadawera davsdoT ara ugvianes XI saukunisa daTu es ukanaskneli azri miviReT, maSin uTuod imaSic undadavrwmundeT, rom Cveni varianti qarTlis moqcevisa uZve-lesi dednidan ucvlelad aris gadawerili~(22,3) _ arqi-mandriti ambrosi kargad icnobda wm. ninos cxovrebis sxva-dasxva xelnawer variantebs. teqstologiuri analizis safuZ-velze akeTebda seriozul mecnierul daskvnebs, Tumca qris-tianuli TavmdablobiT SeniSnavda: `Cven, rogorc araspe-cialists istoriul kiTxvebSi, ar SegveZlo ufro sabuTi-

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anad Segvedgina es Cveni moxseneba da amisaTvis SeiZlebaver davakmayofileT sazogadoebis cnobismoyvareobao.~(22,4).arqimandrit ambrosis am aRmoCenas maRal Sefasebas aZlevd-nen: eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, pavle ingoroyva.

arqimandriti ambrosi siamayiT aRniSnavda: `saqarTveloseklesia mdidari iyo sarwmunoebrivi reliqviebiT, ar-qeologiuri mniSvnelobis mqone Zvirfasi nivTebiT, romelTacsamRvdeloeba da xalxi didi mzrunvelobiT inaxavdnen. isi-ni gadaurCa ganadgurebas da mxolod, mSvidobianobis dros,XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi daikarga imdeni saeklesio sim-didre, ramdenic mTeli Svidi saukunis ganmavlobaSi mahma-dinaTa mZlavrobis dros ar dakargula.~(2,23).

XIX saukunis bolos qarTvelma Targdaleulebma iliaWavWavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT moaxerxes qarTuli erovnulicnobierebis gamoRviZeba da gamTlianeba. saxelmwifoebrivida erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba es iyo qarTvelixalxis saukeTeso nawilis ideali, am idealis erTguli iyoarqimandriti ambrosi xelaiac. ruseTis xelisufleba grZnobdamosalodnel usiamovnebas da TviTonac emzadeboda RirseulmamuliSvilTa TvalTvalisa da devnisaTvis amis dasturiaquTaisis gunerniis JandarmTa sammarTvelos ufrosisa daepiskopos arsenis saidumlo mimowera soxumis olqSi besa-rion xelaias da sxvaTa monawileobiT arsebuli qarTulimoZraobis Sesaxeb.

`viZieb ra saqmes soxumis olqis qarTvelebis Sesaxeb,romelTac Tavis miznad dausaxavT afxazeTisa da samurzay-anos sruliad gaqarTveleba qarTulis skolebis daxmarebiTda wirva-locvis da yovelive mRvdelmsaxurebis qarTulsenazed SesrulebiT, raic sruliad ucnobia afxazTaTvis.amitom gTxovT keTili ineboT da Semdegi damatebiTi cnobe-bi momawodoT.

1) icnobT Tu ara, rom soxumis olqSi arsebobs mkvidriorganizacia qarTvelTa, romelTac dausaxavT afxazTagaqarTveleba da miT ruseTis interesebs maTi CamoSoreba;

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2) sdevnis Tu ara qarTvelTa partia im mRvdlebsa damaswavleblebs, romelnic Tqvens gankargulebas asrulebenda maT ar TanaugrZnoben da ar emorCilebian maT ukanonomoqmedebas, e.i. qarTuli enis swavlebas skolebSi da CumaTmainc wirva-locvis aRsrulebas qarTulad;

3) scdiloben Tu ara afxazeTis gaqarTvelebas Semdegnipirni: Tedo saxokia, anTimoz juReli, mRvdelni: maWavari-ani, kereseliZe, Cxenkeli da xelaia visarioni;

4) gjeraT da uwyiT, rom q. soxumis mcxovrebi Tedosaxokia presaSi da sazogadoebaSi kritikas iwvevs da masxradigdebs yovelive Tqvens gankargulebas;

5) marTalia, rom mRvdelma maWavarianma panaSvidi gadaix-ada qarTuls enazed gardacvalebulis mwerlis wereTlisgamo da qarTuladve sityva warmosTqva Tedo saxokiasa daanT. juRelis TxovniT;

6) marTalia Tu ara, rom mRvdelma besarion xelaiam,romelic qarTul enazed wirva-locvis SemoRebas moiTxov-da, gangicxadaT, rom aq saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi daamitom wirvac qarTulad unda iyveso;

7) marTalia Tu ara, rom mRvdeli kereseliZe winaaRmde-gobas uwevda Tqvens gankargulebas da roca moindomeT misigaZeveba, sinodaluris kantoram winaaRmdegoba gagiwiaT;

8) radganac utyuari cnobebi maqvs, rom nacnoboba aqvTarasaimedo da warmarTi mimarTulebis xalxTan (afxazebTan)Tedo saxokias, mRvdlebs _ Cxenkels, kereseliZes, maWavar-ians da besarion xelaias, amitom gTxovT aRniSnulni pirnidamixasiaToT zneobrivis mxriv TiTo maTgani kerZod dadawvrilebiT gamacnoT maTi moRvaweoba;

9) marTalia, rom korespondenti Tedo saxokia gangeb,windawinve ganzraxulis mizniT amaxinjebda faqtebs da yalbstatistikur cnobebs aTavsebda gazeTebSi megrelebisa daqarTvelebis Sesaxeb, raTa daemtkicebina aucilebeli saWiroe-ba qarTuli enis saWiroebisa saswavleblebSi;

10) riT aixsneba sinodaluri kantorisagan mxaris daWera

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mRvdel kereseliZisa da sruliad udanaSaulo mRvdeliskavkasiZis gaZeveba;

11) scnobT Tu ara, rom mRvdelni: maWavariani, Cxenkeli,kereseliZe da xelaia mavnebelni da saSiSni arian imperiisinteresebisaTvis;

12) marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis mavnebelni aris Tuara moRvaweoba Tedo saxokiasi da juRelisa.

pasuxs gTxovT gamoayoloT dedani im gancxadebisa, romel-ic samurzayanoelebma miarTves Tqvens maRalkurTxevas, raTamaTis SvilebisaTvis ar eswavlebinaT qarTuli ena. am weri-lobiT maTs gacxadebas uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs, radganaceparqialur sabWos viTom 1895 wels mRvdelis maWavarianisda polkovnikis qorqaSvilis ZaldatanebiT gaugzavnia mo-wodeba samurzayanoelebisaTvis, gindaT Tu ara qarTulienis swavleba, rais Sedegic yofila zemoxsenebuli gancxa-deba, romelSic samurzayanoelebi aSkarad amboben, ara gv-surs qarTuli enis swavlebao...

saidumlo SekiTxvebzed, romelic 12 muxlisagan Sesdge-ba da romelic qarTvelTa moZraobas Seexeba olqSi, Semi-Zlian Semdegi gipasuxoT:

1) pirvelive dReebidan Cemis soxumis olqSi daniSvnisa,SevniSne, rom eparqiaSi mcxovrebni qarTvelebi yovlis RonisZ-iebiT scdiloben danergvas samurzayanosa da afxazeTSiqarTvelTa moqalaqeobriobas, raSiac srul daxmarebas uw-evs mas samRvdeloeba, romelnic gansakuTrebiT qarTvelTada megrelTagan Sedgeba. amis damamtkicebeli sabuTi mrava-li momepoveba. 1895 wels samaswavleblo sabWoSi qarTvelebmaaRZres Suamdgomloba qarTulis enis swavlebisa afxazeT-samurzayanoSi da warmoadgines ganCinebac soflebis sazoga-doebiTgan, romelnic iTxovdnen qarTulis swavlebas skoleb-Si. me win aRvudeqi amas, ris gamoc Jurnal ̀ Ðóññêèé Òðóä~-Si moaTavses werili, riTac ukmayofilebas micxadebdnen,roca 14 ianvars wm. ninoobas neba ar miveci qarTuls enazewirvisa soxumis sakrebulo taZarSi, maSin xom maTi ukmay-

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ofileba aSkara iyo da naTlad davrwmundi, rom qarTvelebiaRara xumrobdnen afxazeTis gaqarTvelebas. qarTvelebismoZraoba didaT abrkolebs afxazebis garusebis da gadag-varebis saqmes.

2) rac Seexeba qarTvelTagan devnas ruseTisaTvis Tavdade-bul samRvdeloebisa da maswavleblebisas, danamdvilebiTarafris Tqma ar SemiZlian, magram Tu miviRebT mxedveloba-Si oqumus mRvdelis mama qavJaraZisas, romelic marjve dam-cveli iyo da gamtarebeli cxovrebaSi rusulis moqalaqeo-briobisa da romelsac aTasi codo daswames, raTa gaeZevebi-naT is samurzayanodgan, unda vTqvaT, rom aseTi devna arse-bobs.

3) rame dadebiTi sabuTebi Tedo saxokiasa an juRelisa,mRvdlebis _ maWavarianisa, kereseliZisa da xelaias mo-qmedebisa da mecadineobis Sesaxeb qarTuli enis gasavr-celeblad da dasamkvidreblad afxazeTSi ar momeZebneba,mxolod pirvelis Sesaxeb SemiZlian vTqva, rom Tu is avto-ria gazeTebSi moTavsebul yalb cnobebisa, maSasadame, igiyofila gamavrcelebeli da damamkvidrebeli qarTuli enisada moqalaqeobisa afxazeTSi, xolo rac Seexeba mRvdelskereseliZes, TviT direqtoric ki saxalxo skolebisa, sTv-lis mas arakeTilsaimedo piraT, romelsac SeuZlian cudigavlena iqonios moswavle axalgazrdobazed, rogorc samR-Tos sjulis maswavlebels oCamCireSi.

4) dekanozma maWavarianma marTla gadaixada panaSvidi gar-dacvalebulis mwerlis wereTlis sulis mosaxseneblad daqarTuladve sTqva sityva Cem nebadaurTvelad, magram visCagonebiTa da ganZraxvebiT Caidina es saqme, ar vuwyi.

5) mRvdelma xelaiam kerZo laparakSi, rodesac mimtki-cebda da mTxovda qarTuli wirva-locvis SemoRebas, miTxra,rom ̀ aq saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi da wirva-locvac qarTu-lad unda iyvesi~.

6) mRvdelis _ kereseliZis sxva mrevlSi gadayvana CemisgankargulebiT moxda, radganac Tavis uxasiaTobis gamo vera

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rigdeboda mrevlTan da uvargisi iyo maswavlebeli saRmr-To sjulisa.

7) rac Seexeba mRvdlebs _ Cxenkelsa da maWavariansa,arafers cud saqmeSi SemCneulni ara myolian da arc maTsmimarTulebaSi SeimCneva samarcxvino ram, rac Seexeba mRvdelsbesarion xelaias, akademiaSi Sesvlamdis araferi cudi arSemimCnevia da rac Seexeba mis mimarTulebas, es xom ukvezemonaTqvamidam mis Sesaxeb naTlad sCans.

8) Tedo saxokia gangeb yalb cnobebs aTavsebda gazeTebSiqarTvelTa da megrelTa soxumis olqSi mosaxleobis Sesax-eb, radganac mas rogorc soxumis olqSi mcxovrebs, kargadunda scodnoda namdvili statistikuri cnobebi, magram igiwinad ganzraxviT amaxinjebda yovelive cnobas.

9) mRvdlis kereseliZis gamoqomageba sinodalur kan-torisagan da Cemis gadawyvetilebis gabaTileba amis sxvamrevlSi gadayvanis gamo, aixsneba im garemoebebiT, rom misisaqme gaarCia kantoram maSin, rodesac egzarqosi ar iyoTbilisSi da mis magivrobas asrulebda qarTvelT episkopo-si aleqsandre. misi, e. i. kereseliZis, moSorebas moiTxovdadaJinebiT quTaisis samxedro gubernatori. darwmunebulivar, kereseliZis saqme rom gaerCia egzarqoss da ara qarTv-el episkoposs, Cems gadawyvetilebas kereseliZis gadayva-nis Sesaxeb daadasturebda.

10) Tu rom mRvdlebi maWavariani, kereseliZe da xelaiamoqmedeben afxazeT-samurzayanos gasaqarTveleblad, maSin,rasakvirvelia, mavneT unda CaiTvalos maTi moRvaweoba, rad-ganac amiT isini winaaRudgebian ruseTis imperiis mizansa damiswrafebasa.

11) moqmedeba Tedo saxokiasa da juRelisa mavnebladunda CaiTvalos marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis, radganacgaqarTvelebuli maTgan axalgazrdoba mtrad gauxdeba ruse-Tis eklesias, romelic sul sxva mizniT moqmedebs afxazeTSi.

amasTanave vadgen gancxadebis pirs samurzayanoelebisas,romliTac isini uaryofen qarTuli enis saWiroebas Tavi-

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anTs skolebSi da dasZenen, rom Tumca am gancxadebis winedwarmodgenili iyo ramdenime ganCineba samurzayanoelebisaviTom qarTulis enis swavleba Semdegis saWiroebis Sesaxeb,magram yvela eseni ganzrax Sedgenili iyo samRvdeloebisa-gan da mrevli aq arafers monawileobas ar iRebda. (10, 144-150).

mama ambrosi xelaia, romelmac SesaniSnavad icoda ruse-Tis imperiis saeklesio politikis miznebi afxazeTSi amx-elda am politikis reaqciulobas da qarTvel patriotebTanerTad medgrad icavda qarTul poziciebs. igi sixaruliTSexvda episkopos kirionis (saZagliSvili) soxumis eparqi-is mmarTvelad daniSvnas. kirionisadmi gagzavnil werilebSiexeba rogorc soxumis eparqiis, aseve saqarTvelos eklesi-is avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis problemebs. 1906wlis 14 Tebervals mama ambrosi episkopos kirions atyobin-ebs: `RmerTs vTxov Tqvens mSvidobiT dabrunebas samSoblomxareSi da gamarjvebas im saqmeSi, romlis gadasawyvetadacTqven xarT miwveuli CrdiloeTis sataxto qalaqSi. marTa-lia, cudad datrialebulia Cveni eklesiis avtokefaliisbed-iRbali, magram ra vqnaT, rodis viyaviT bednierni, romaxla viqmneT. magram viqonioT momavlis imedi... Cemi da ram-denime aqauri mRvdlis azri ukeTu sainteresoa TqvenTvis,es aris: daTmoba arafrisa da rasac ZaliT mogvcemen, vemor-CilebiT mxolod droebiT; rodesac moxerxebul dros vnax-avT, vecdebiT ganvaxorcieloT, rac peticiebSia naTxovni.momavali kreba, Cemis azriT, Cven aras mogvcems da arc undadavTanxmdeT Cveni saqmis iq gadacemaze. krebas ar waurTme-via CvenTvis avtokefaluri wes-wyobileba Cveni eklesiisada arc SeuZlia imis mocema, rac `de iure~ ukve gvaqvs,mxolod faqtiurad Zalmomreobam wagvarTva. amitom warT-meulis dabruneba SeuZlia wamrTmevels. an Cven TviTonruseTis eklesiasTan urTierTobis mospobiT... sazogadoebaZalian dainteresebulia am saqmis (avtokefaliis) msvlelo-biT, mTxoven, Tqveni rezolucia gamoaqveynoT. xalxis gamo-

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saRviZeblad saWirod miaCniaT es~ (24, 92-93). 1906 wlis 8marts arqimandriti ambrosi episkopos kirions werda: ̀ TqvenisoxumSi dabrunebam soxumis samRvdeloeba da mTladqarTveloba metad gaxara, magram ara qarTvelebs, politi-kanebs, rogorc etyoba, laxvrad daeso gulSi. etyoba vermounelebiaT is garemoeba, rom bolo moeReba soxumis epar-qiaSi im usamarTlobas, romelic mefobda iq qarTvelebisSesaxeb. Tqven, darwmunebuli var, usamarTlod arc erTieris warmomadgenels ar moeqceviT. amis Tavdebia Tqveniwarsuli moRvaweoba ruseTSi. magram amas bneli Zalebiswarmomadgenelni ver Seigneben da aki kidec `xulignurad~gamoilaSqres Tqvens winaaRmdeg gazeT ̀ kolokolSi~. imediaRirseul pasuxs gascemT. SeiZleba, Tqvens Semdeg mec ramemovaxseno am xulignuri werilis avtors... sweron rac un-daT, simarTlem unda gaitanos Tavisi. Cveni xsna eklesiisTavisuflebaSia, romelsac Tqven medgrad icavT.~ (25, 1319).

amis Semdeg arqimandritma ambrosim upasuxa `kolokol-Si~ fsevdonims amofarebul dekanoz ivane vostorgovs. ̀ xmasoxumidan~. es ar iyo ubralo pasuxi Savrazmeli mjRabnel-is gamoxdomaze, am werilSi kargad Canda ruseTis saero dasasuliero xelisuflebis damokidebuleba qarTveli xalx-is mimarT. arqimandriti ambrosi aRniSnavda: `yvelas emaxs-ovneba Seuwynarebloba da siZulvili yovelive qarTuli-sadmi... amiTgan dasnebovnebulni iyvnen cnobili moRvawenikavkasiaSi: episkoposi arseni, dekanozebi-vostorgovi, ias-trebovi da sxvani... sakuTari erovnuli fizionomiis Senar-Cunebisaken swrafvis gaZliereba, am mimarTulebiT xalxisgamoRviZeba aris zemoxsenebulTa da maT msgavs kacTa moR-vaweobis Sedegi da samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom amazriT maT xalxs didi samsaxuri gauwies... aRniSneul pirTamoRvaweobis mizani unda yofiliyo qarTveli xalxis rusebTandaaxloeba... magram isini amiT rodi Semoifarglnen, maT metimoindomes mxaris rac SeiZleba swrafi garuseba, rac Seu-Zlebeli aRmoCnda. arqimandriti ambrosi amxelda im sa-

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suliero pirTa saqmianobas, romelnic CarTulni iyvnen daun-dobel rusifikaciis politikaSi, romelnic qarTul enas`ZaRlebis enas~, qarTul saeklesio galobas `ZaRlebis ye-fas~ uwodebdnen, cdilobdnen afxazeTis qarTvelobis Seu-racxyofas, ukrZalavdnen maT mSobliur enaze wirva-locvebs.igi konkretuli magaliTebiT aCvenebda Tu ramdenad uary-ofiTia ruseTis saeklesio politika afxazeTSi da rogoruwyobda igi xels qristianobis sawinaaRmdegod. mahmadiano-bis gavrcelebas, ixsenebda episkopos gabriels (qiqoZe),romelic cdilobda afxazebs mSobliur enaze SeeswavlaTqristianuli sarwmunoebis arsi, hqondaT RvTismsaxureba.werilis dasasruls arqimandriti ambrosi aRniSnavda: ̀ dar-wmunebuli varT, rom yovladsamRvdelo kirioni Tavisi moR-vaweobiT soxumis eparqiaSi aRdgenas Zmobas da erTobasyvela erovnebaTa Soris, xolo amierkavkasiidan gaqceulianaforianebisa da zogadad b. `rusiis~ msgavsi qarTvelo-fobebis RvarZliTa da kacTsiZulviliT savse sityvebi vergamoiReben im Sedegs, kerZod afxazeTSi ZmaTmZulvarebisada ZmaTamkvlel sisxlis Rvras, rasac lamoben.~ (9, 121-122).

1905-1907 wlebis revoluciuri gamosvlebisaTvis alix-anov-avarskis razmebma cecxlis alSi gaaxvies dasavleTsaqarTvelos soflebi da dabebi. saqarTvelos egzarqosiswinadadebiT imperatorma nikoloz II-em guria-odiSis episko-posi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe) gadaayena Tanamdebobidan sayve-duris gamocxadebiT. xelisuflebis azriT, episkoposi aleqsan-dre xels uSlida samegrelos skolebidan qarTuli enisgandevnis gegmis ganxorcielebas. es amocana daakisres rene-gat qarTvels, episkopos dimitri abaSiZes, romelic gulm-odgined Seudga Tavisi misiis Sesrulebas.

amave dros socialur-demokratebis bolSevikurma frTamgaaZliera ciliswameba da Seuracxyofa erovnul-ganmaTa-visuflebeli moZraobis warmomadgenlebze. kosmopolitizmiTu patriotizmi?~ `klasobrivi da socialuri sakiTxebi,~

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ai yvelaze aqtualuri Temebi, romelmac gadafara yvela dayvelaferi. `proletarebo yvela qveynisa SeerTdiT!~ gah-kioda didi da patara. aseT egzaltirebas Tan axlda veragu-li SurisZiebac 1907 wlis 30 agvistos wiwamurTan moklesilia WavWavaZe, moxda gadagvarebuli qarTveli social-demokratebis da ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebis interesTaTanxvdoma, brZola erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesi-uri Tavisuflebis ideebis winaaRmdeg kidev ufro gaZlier-da. 1907 wlis noemberSi gardaicvala episkoposi aleqsan-dre oqropiriZe. misi gardacvaleba didi danaklisi iyoqarTveli xalxisaTvis. meufe aleqsandre gardacvaleba Zlierganicada arqimandritma ambrosim, romelmac 1907 wlis 16noembers SiomRvimis monasterSi Tavisi gamosaTxovari si-tyva ase daiwyo:

`esreT hbrwyinevdin naTeli Tqueni winaSe kacTa, raTaixilnen saqmeni Tqueni keTilni da adidebden mamasa TquensazecaTasa~ (maTes sax. T. 5, 16).

esec kidev erTi msxverpli am mokle droSi. gaumaZRarmada Seubralebelma sikvdilma saqarTvelos mostaca yovladsamRvdelo aleqsandre. Tumca kaci RvTisagan dawesebulkanons ver gadauva da yovlad samRvdelo aleqsandrem kide-vac gardaacila Tavis xangrZliv sicocxliT im zomas, romel-ic dadebulia rCeulTaTvis (fsalm. 89,10). magram am nairzegardmo madliT cxebul adamianTa micvalebas kacis gulimainc ver urigdeba, mas unda yovelTvis hyavdes igi samSob-lo mxaris nugeSad.

yovlad samRvdelo aleqsandres Tavdadebuli moRvaweobamSobliur eklesiis da samSoblo mxaris aRorZinebisaTvisudidesi misabaZi magaliTia Cven qarTvelTaTvis, misi sxi-vosani saTnoebiani saxe mudmivi saukeTeso gzis maCvenebelia.

`esreT brwyinavdian naTeli Tqveni winaSe kacTa, raTaixilnen saqmeni Tqvenni keTilni da adidebdnen mamasa Tquen-sa zecaTasa~-o. gvibrZanebs qristes wmida moZRvreba dagviTiTebs am Rirseul cxedarze, _ gansvenebulis xangr-

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Zliv, saTnoebian da saxelovan moRvaweobaze.romeli erTi gansvenebulis saTnoebiT savse xangrZliv,

namdvili qristianuli cxovrebis mxares unda mivaqcioTyuradReba?! Cven ar ZalgviZs am mokle sityvaSi savsebiTdavaxasiaToT misi RirsaRsaniSnavi cxovrebis yvela mxaree-bi, amisaTvis saWiroa meti dro da meti niWi da mW-evrmetyveleba.

gansvenebulma yovlad samRvdelom gvaswavla Cven, ramde-naT SeiZleba am ukuRmarT droSiac viyoT namdvili qris-tianeni, _ qristianuli idealebis matarebelni, rogorcmatarebeli WeSmariti qristianuli siyvarulisa, _ im siy-varulisa, romelic yvelas erT rigaT unda efinebodes, _ar arCevdes axlobels ara axlobelisagan, _ romelic undaaviwyebinebdes pirad interesebs da abedvinebdes sicocx-lis Sewirvas moyvasisaTvis, _ rogorc matarebeli amnairisiyvarulisa, is Tavis cxovrebiT gvimtkicebs, rom es qriste-sagan mis mimdevarTaTvis daxatuli ideali am qveynad Sesa-Zlebelia ganxorcieldes. jer isev studentobis dros,rodesac yazanis mxareSi xolera mZvinvarebda, gansvenebuliuSiSrad da Tavganwirulad emsaxureboda am saSineli seniTSepyrobilT ganurCevlad maTi Camomavlobisa da sarwmunoe-bisa, misi Tavganwiruloba moZmeTaTvis, misi mourideblobaam saSineli da metadre maSin Tavzardamcem senisa ancvi-frebda yvelas, rac xazgasmiT aRniSnulia TviT yazanis aka-demiis istoriaSi. es erTi faqtic mSvenierad axasiaTebsyovlad samRvdelo aleqsandre qristianuls cxovrebas. ase-Tive darCa gansvenebuli ukanasknel wuTamdis. is Tavis xan-grZliv cxovrebaSi am qveynad mravalferad asrulebda amdiad mcnebas, _ mcnebas moZmeTa siyvarulisaTvisas.

misi qvelmoqmedeba, misgan aRdgenilni qarTvelTa kul-turis maCvenebeli naSTebi, misgan gamocemuli saRvTismetyve-lo da samecniero Cven winaparTa nawarmoebni, misis safasiTaRdgenilni, mSobliuri galoba, misi Sroma da siqvele mam-ulis SvilTa aRzrdaSi da mravali sxva misi amnairi Rvawli

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yvelasagan cnobilia. misi Rrma sarwmunoeba cxovrebaSi ganx-orcielebuli, siyvaruli samSoblo qveynisa TviT misi qris-tianul sarwmunoebasTan mWidrod SekavSirebuli, _ misipiruTvneloba, uSiSroba am soflis ufalTa da ZlierTamxilebaSi da mravali sxva misi saTnoebiani sulis Tvisebanixdida mas namdvil warmomadgenelad im Zveli Cveni wmidamamaTa, romelTa mravalmxrivma Rvawlma daicva Cveni sarw-munoeba, ena da erovneba mozvavebul-auarebeli mterTagan.yvela amaebze ukve bevri Tqmula da dawerila da mec aq arasvityvi.

vityvi oriode sityvas mxolod imaze, rac aq ar Tqmula,_ gansvenebulis mociqulebriv moRvaweobaze afxazeTSi.RmerTma pirvel xanebSi mas arguna samsaxuri da moRvaweobaam saqarTvelos ganapira mxareSi, jer rogorc afxazTa Svileb-is aRmzrdels, Semdeg rogorc misioner-mqadagebels da bolosrogorc mwyemsT-mTavars. is mudam Tavganwirulad emsax-ureboda afxazTa moqcevis saqmes, _ ar zogavda sakuTarsaSvalebas skolaT daarsebisaTvis, _ Tavis xarjiT zrdidaafxazTa Svilebs da amzadebda maT mRvdlobis xarisxSi samoR-vaweod, _ medgrad icavda samRvdeloebis da samwysos in-teresebs, uxvad eweoda qvriv-obolTa, mis da samwysos Sorisarsebobda mamaSviluri kavSiri, dafuZnebuli WeSmarit qris-tianul siyvarulze. mas ar uyvarda mdidruli cxovreba,cxovrobda TiTqmis egreTve sadaT, rogorc erTi ukanaskne-li Raribi mis samwysoTagani. es sada cxovreba, es xalxTansiaxlove xdida mas namdvil Zvel mSobliur eklesiis mw-yemsT-mTavarTa msgavsad.

moviyvan erTs magaliTs imisas, Tu ranairi gavlena hqon-da gansvenebulis amnair cxovrebas xalxzed, ranairi uzomondoba hqonda damsaxurebuli TviT mahmadian afxazTa Soris.1866 wlis amboxebis Caqrobis Semdeg afxazebis umravleso-ba iZulebuli gaxda gadasaxlebuliyo osmaleTSi.

am ubedur dros, roca afxazTaTvis yvela qristianissaxelis matarebeli sazizRari iyo, mxolod yovlad sam-

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Rvdelo aleqsandres hqonda afxazebTan kavSiri, mxolodmas uziarebdnen TavianT Wir-varams, mas endobodnen.

ai, am xanebSi mwyemsT-mTavarTan Semodis erTi mahmadianiafxazi, saxelad urusi, Tavisis Tormeti wlis SviliT.rodesac yovlad samRvdelom Cveulebrivi alersiani kilo-Ti hkiTxa uruss mosvlis mizezi, ukanasknelma moaxsenaSemdegi: `SenTan movedi, keTilo mwyemso da mamao! me sam-udamod veTxovebi samSoblos, mivdivar osmaleTSi sacx-ovreblad da Cemi vaJi davstovo SenTan, meti ara gamaCniara, coli da sxva Svilebi adre davkarge, ar vici ra mome-lis ucxo mxareSi, magram mainc vstoveb Cems sayvarelsamSoblos. ar minda Cemi ubedureba gavuziaro Cems erTad-erT Svils da SenTan moviyvane, mowyaleo mamao, vici mi-iReb, aRzrdi qristianulad da iqneba bednieri~-o.

Tvalcremliani mama gamoeTxova sayvarel Svils, romel-ic gansvenebulis meoxebiTa da safasiT aRizarda da mRvde-lobaSi didi sargebloba moutana qristianobas afxazeTSi.

am faqts ganmarteba ar sWiria. amnair ganwyobilebas sam-wysosTan didi nayofi mohqonda. iwyes afxazTa qristianobismiReba, romelic kidec damTavrda TiTqmis 80-ian wlebSinetar xsenebuli afxazeTis meore mociqulis ep. gabrielisdros. amis Semdeg ganvlo sakmarisma drom, qristianulisaqme progresulad denis nacvlad regresiulad mimdinare-obs. ukanaskneli cnobebiT, ramdenime sofelma ukve uaryoqristianoba. mizezi cxadia: ar arian aleqsandre-gabrielisebrimociqulni.

netarxsenebulo mwyemsT-mTavaro, sxva Seni mraval mxrivRvawlTan erTad amasac ar daiviwyebs qarTveli eri, afxaze-Tis qristiani nawili da iqauri samRvdeloeba.

ganisvene, qarTvelTa mamao da keTilo mwyemsTmTavaro,zegardmo madliT cxebulo moRvawev, aRmaSeneblad wodebu-lo, _ ganisvene am Sengan ganaxlebul-gamSvenebul taZarSi.es wm. taZari iqneba saukuno Senganve Seqmnili nivTieriZegli Sens saflavze da yovel qarTvelis gulSi ki gedgme-

25

ba samudamo uxilavi Zegli.iloce, Cveno axalo RvTis winaSe Suamdgomelo, _ iloce

sxva Cven wm. mamebTan erTad samSoblo mxaris qristianuladda kulturulad aRyvavebisaTvis. amin.~ (26, 9-13).

arqimandriti ambrosi.

26

2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri daerovnuli interesebis dasacavaderovnuli interesebis dasacavaderovnuli interesebis dasacavaderovnuli interesebis dasacavaderovnuli interesebis dasacavad

arqimandriti ambrosi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis erT-erTi daucxrome-li mebrZoli sasuliero piri iyo. 1811 wels ruseTis im-peratorma aleqsandre I-ma marTlmadidebluri saeklesiokanonikis uxeSi darRveviT gamosca brZanebuleba saqarTve-los uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqme-bis Sesaxeb.sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uw-midesi da unetaresi anton II ruseTSi gadaasaxles. saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqis sax-elo gaauqmes. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia ruse-Tis eklesiis nawilad gamoacxades, romelsac saTaveSi ruse-Tis sinods daqvemdebarebuli egzarqosi Cauyenes. rusi eg-zarqosebi gaxdnen rusuli velikoderJavuli da Sovinis-turi ideologiis mTavari dasayrdenni saqarTveloSi. rusiegzarqosebis antiqarTuli, antiqristianuli saqmianobisSesaxeb araerTi sayuradRebo naSromi Tu mogonebaa gamo-qveynebuli. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa cnobilirusi slavofilis n. durnovis, uwmidesi da unetaresi sruli-ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates Canaw-erebi.

qarTveli xalxi arasodes Seguebia saxelmwifoebrivi dasaeklesio damokidebulebis dakargvas.

XIX saukunis I naxevarSi, 1802 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebiTdaiwyo erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. 1819-20wlebis imereTis saeklesio amboxi mimarTuli iyo saqarTve-los egzarqosis Teofilaqte rusanovis mZarcveluri poli-tikis winaaRmdeg.

imereTis ajanyebis moTaveTa, dosiTeoz quTaTelis daeqvTime genaTelis ruseTis xelisufalTagan samagaliToddasjam saqarTveloSi sabolood damsxvria erTmorwmuneo-bis dogmebze aRmocenebuli romantikuli megobrobisa da

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qristianuli saTnoebis iluziebi.qarTveli eri mkacri realobis winaSe aRmoCnda, an unda

daeviwyebina yovelive qarTuli da garusebuliyo, an ebrZo-la ruseTis koloniuri politikis winaaRmdeg. qarTvelmaxalxma arCevani meoris sasargeblod gaakeTa.

XIX saukunis II naxevarSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelmoZraobas saTaveSi Caudga ilia WavWavaZis Taoba. pirvelinabijebi gadaidga erovnuli cnobierebis gamoRviZebisaken,amas mohyva aRmsareblobiT da cnobierebiT daqucmacebuliqarTvelobis gamTlianobis rTuli procesi. erovnul-gan-maTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveurebma qarTvel samRvde-loebasTan erTad dRis wesrigSi daayenes saqarTvelos mar-Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdge-nis aucilebloba. sazogadoebis informirebisa da momzadeb-is mizniT qarTul da rusul presaSi, samecniero Jurnaleb-Si daiwyo polemikuri statiebis beWdva, romelic exebodasaqarTvelos eklesiis istorias, mis avtokefalias, rusiegzarqosebis antiqarTuli saqmianobis mxilebas. saqarTve-los eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna Tu XIXsaukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi salonuri Sekrebebis mTavariTema iyo, XIX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi ukve Tamam, po-lemikur xasiaTs atarebda. am moZraobis mesveurT `avtoke-falistebs~ uwodebdnen. avtokefalur moZraobas mxars uWerd-nen: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, prof.al. cagareli, prof. al. xaxanaSvili, prof. i. javaxiSvili,prof. z. avaliSvili, s. gorgaZe, n. mari. sasuliero pire-bidan _ episkoposebi: gabriel qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropi-riZe, leonide oqropiriZe, kirion saZagliSvili, anton gior-gaZe, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, dekanozebi: nikita Ta-lakvaZe, kalistrate cincaZe, qristefore cicqiSvili dasxvebi.

ruseTis xelisufleba pirvel xanebSi araseriozuladaRiqvamda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ek-lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovnas da fiqrobda, es

28

moZraoba mecnierul polemikas ar gascdeboda, magram, rode-sac 1905 wels TbilisSi qarTveli samRvdeloebis sagange-bo yrilobaze miRebul iqna Semdegi peticia: `qarTvelmasamRvdeloebam mxedvelobaSi miiRo zemoTqmuli, agreTve is,rom jererTi, iveriis eklesia kanonikurad gaxlavT avtoke-faluri, vinaidan ar yofila krebis dadgenileba misi av-tokefaliis gauqmebisa da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo: meo-rec, mxolod eklesias, romelsac Tavisuflad SeuZlia TviT-Segnebis sruliad aRsareba, Tavisufali Sinagani wyobilebiT,Tavisuflad ZaluZs Tavisi sityviTmsaxureba, yvela Tavisisaqmisa da misadmi rwmunebuli yovelives Tavisuflad mar-Tva, mxolod Tavisuflad TviTmmarTvel eklesias Seswevsunari daicvas Tavisi sruli didebuli wmida rwmena dasavsebiT flobdes RvTaebrivi mowodebis gansaxorciele-blad aucilebel xmas, romelic adamianis guls aRanTebs;da bolos eklesiis damoukideblad arsebobisaTvis metadsaWiroa materialuri saSualebebi. amitom iTxovs: I iveriiseklesias daubrundes avtokefaluri uflebebi da TavisikaTolikosiTurT aRdges mcxeTa-iveriis sakaTalikoso adrin-del sazRvrebSi.

II. aRdges wesi, roca RvTismsaxurTa ganTavisuflebuladgilebs arCevnebis Sedegad ikavebdnen.

III. kaTolikosTan dafuZndes wmida sinodi, xolo eparqi-is mRvdelmTavrebTan sabWoebi; Sedgenili garkveuli vadiTarCeuli sasuliero da saero pirTagan.

IV. kaTolikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodis xelSi moeqc-es yvela eklesiis, monastris, samRvdeloebis, saswavlo-sasuliero dawesebulebis da saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebe-bis umaRlesi marTva-gamgeoba.

V. iveriis eklesias daubrundes saxelmwifosaTvis gada-cemuli saeklesio mamuli.~ (27, 81-82). peticias xeli moawera412 RvTismsaxurma. movlenebis aseT ganviTarebas ar elodasaqarTvelos egzarqosi aleqsi, romelmac saero mTavrobisjari mosTxova ̀ meamboxe~ da ̀ urCi~ samRvdeloebis dasaSle-

29

lad. rusma jariskacebma siamovnebiT Seasrules xelisu-flebis survili da maTraxebiT scemes golovinis gamzirzesaeklesio droSebiT, xatebiT gamosul qarTveli samRvde-loebis warmomadgenlebs. ruseTis xelisuflebis aseTmaqmedebam araTu Seanela, aramed kidev ufro gaamZafra saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliisaRdgenis moTxovna. aseT viTarebaSi xelisufleba iZulebu-li gaxda peterburgSi 1906 wels sinodis sagangebo sxdomadaeniSna, sadac unda gaerkviaT ramdenad kanonieri iyo qarTve-li samRvdelobis moTxovna. sinodis sxdomaze saqarTveloseklesiis interesebs icavdnen episkoposebi: kirioni, le-onide, prof. n. mari, prof. al. cagareli, prof. al. xaxanaS-vili. ruseTis xelisuflebam qarTvelebs isev qarTveli rene-gatebi daupirispira, episkoposi eqvTime eliaSvili, episko-posi dimitri abaSiZe. am ukanasknelma ase gaaxmovana xe-lisuflebis pozicia _ daiWireT episkoposebi kirioni daleonidi... saqarTveloSi avtokefalia aRaravis gaaxsende-bao.~ xelisuflebam daiwyo qarTveli avtokefalistebis devna,dawesda maTze saidumlo TvalTvali, Worebis gavrceleba.episkopos kirions egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi dasdesbrali (miuxedavad imisa, rom araviTari samxili ar arsebob-da) da gadaasaxles ruseTSi, represiebis msxverpli gaxdaarqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, rogorc igi werda: `1908wlis damlevs uwmidesi sinodis gankargulebiT sastikadviqeni dasjili: aRmexada mRvdel-msaxurebis ufleba da gag-zavnil viqeni riazanis samebis monasterSi, sadac gavatareerT weliwadze meti sastiki reJimis qveS. 1910 wels dami-brunes mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba da momces winamZRvrisadgili. Cemi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg gadis TiTqmis rva weli-wadi, magram yovel Cem Txovnas samSobloSi dabrunebazeuwmidesi sinodi uyuradRebod tovebda. ukanaskneli piradadacgamomicxades, rom Cemze iTvleba raRac Zveli codvebi, ma-gram rodesac moviTxove am codvebis dasaxeleba, miTxres,rom amis Tqma uxerxulia da verc gaigeb rodismeo. sCans

30

maT ara aqvT konkretuli faqtebi Cems winaaRmdeg da mx-olod maTi politika unda Txoulobdes Cemi samSoblosgare yofnas, rogorc maTi SexedulebiT, arasaimedo piri-sas. amis gamo axlac, rodesac sxva gadmosaxlebulebs ahx-ades arasaimedo pirebis saxeli, rodesac, rogorc gazeTeb-mac gvamcnes, moxda maTi reabilitacia, Cems mdgomareobasar eSvela ra da axlac sityvierad magebineben, rom Cemimdgomareobis gaumjobeseba mouxerxebelia, radgan Zvelicodvebi amis winaaRmdegs gvikarnaxebso, magram mwams, romdro male gamoicvleba. sazogadod, me yovelTvis winaaRmde-gi viyavi da viqnebi imisa, rom qarTvelma kacma nebiT miato-vos Tavisi samSoblo mxare, Tundac sxvagan mas moelodespiradi warmateba da bedniereba.~ (2,30).

arqimandriti ambrosi 1909 wlis 1 ianvridan imave wlisdekembramde riazanis eparqiis samebis monastris patimariiyo, akrZaluli hqonda RvTismsaxureba, masac egzarqos ni-konis mkvleloba daabrales. radgan warmodgenili absurdu-li braldeba ver daumtkices, aRudgines RvTismsaxurebisufleba da novgorodis eparqiis staraia rusas monastriswinamZRvrad daniSnes. misi samSobloSi dabrunebis mcdelo-ba uSedegod dasrulda...

1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg arqimandritambrosis saSualeba mieca samSobloSi dabrunebuliyo. igiaqtiurad CaerTo avtokefalur moZraobaSi. 1917 wlis 12(25)marts qarTvelma samRvdeloebam sveticxovlis sapatriarqotaZarSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisavtokefalia gamoacxada. arqimandriti ambrosi aqtiuradmonawileobda avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelosmarTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis saqmi-anobaSi. mosagvarebeli iyo ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTanda saqarTveloSi mis filial _ amierkavkasiis gansakuTre-bul komitetTan urTierToba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-li eklesiis saxelmwifoSi samarTlebrivi urTierTobis, ruse-Tis eklesiis sinodTan damokidebulebis sakiTxebi. aseve

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rTuli iyo qonebrivi davis sakiTxebis mogvareba.ruseTis sasuliero ierarqebs gagonebac ar surdaT imi-

sa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan raimeurTierToba daemyarebinaT. isini Tvlidnen, rom saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena iyoarakanonikuri, revoluciuri aqti da uars ambobdnen qarTv-el sasuliero pirebTan yovelgvar molaparakebaze, rac Se-exeboda ruseTis droebiT mTavrobas, didi sixaruliT arcisini Sexvedrian saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisavtokefaliis aRdgenas, amgram mainc Tanaxmani iyvnen ewar-moebinaT molaparakeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-lesiis warmomadgenlebTan qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivimdgomareobis sakiTxebze ruseTis saxelmwifoSi.

1917 wlis 9 ivnisidan 2 agvistomde petrogradSi ruseTis-droebiT mTavrobasTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-lesiis saxeliT molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen episkoposiantoni (giorgaZe), arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia) da de-kanozi kalistrate cincaZe. qarTvel sasuliero pirebs ime-di hqondaT imxanad petrogradSi moRvawe qarTvelebis dax-marebisa da arc Semcdaran, karlo CxeiZe, irakli wereTeli,zurab avaliSvili, nino gelovani, romelTac didi gavlenahqondaT revoluciur petrogradSi yovelnair daxmarebasuwevdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delega-cias. qarTveli sasuliero pirebi Sexvdnen ruseTis sino-dis oberprokuror lvovs, sarwmunoebis ministr kartaSevs,ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis Tavmjdomares kerenskis. daZab-uli molaparakebis dros gamoikveTa ruseTis mTavrobispozicia, isini mxolod im SemTxvevaSi daamtkicebdnensaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisdebulebas, Tu saubari iqneboda ara teritorialur, aramederovnul avtokefaliaze.

aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisdelegaciam miiRo gadawyvetileba samSobloSi gamomgzavre-bis Sesaxeb.

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mRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosi1900 w.1900 w.1900 w.1900 w.1900 w.

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mRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosimRvdelmonazoni ambrosi1901 w.1901 w.1901 w.1901 w.1901 w.

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arqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosi1903 w.1903 w.1903 w.1903 w.1903 w.

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arqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosi1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.

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arqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTadarqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTadarqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTadarqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTadarqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTad1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.

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episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.1905 w.

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episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.

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episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)

1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.1906 w.

40

sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)

dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)da ucnobi rusi mRvdelida ucnobi rusi mRvdelida ucnobi rusi mRvdelida ucnobi rusi mRvdelida ucnobi rusi mRvdeli

1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.

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1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlissapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelossapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelossapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelossapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelossapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelossamociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenissamociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenissamociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenissamociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenissamociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

dokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelosdokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelosdokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelosdokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelosdokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelossapatriarqoSi)sapatriarqoSi)sapatriarqoSi)sapatriarqoSi)sapatriarqoSi)

42

1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionis1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionis1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionis1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionis1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionissapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebissapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebissapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebissapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebissapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebis

monawileTa erTi jgufi.monawileTa erTi jgufi.monawileTa erTi jgufi.monawileTa erTi jgufi.monawileTa erTi jgufi.II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-riZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliadriZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliadriZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliadriZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliadriZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirionsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirionsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirionsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirionsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirionII, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandritiII, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandritiII, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandritiII, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandritiII, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandritiambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-ambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-ambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-ambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-ambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.I rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafielI rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafielI rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafielI rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafielI rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafielivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).ivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).ivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).ivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).ivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).

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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqiuwmidesi da unetaresi kirion IIuwmidesi da unetaresi kirion IIuwmidesi da unetaresi kirion IIuwmidesi da unetaresi kirion IIuwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II

1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.

44

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqiuwmidesi da unetaresi leonideuwmidesi da unetaresi leonideuwmidesi da unetaresi leonideuwmidesi da unetaresi leonideuwmidesi da unetaresi leonide

1919 w.1919 w.1919 w.1919 w.1919 w.

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Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosiWyondideli mitropoliti ambrosiWyondideli mitropoliti ambrosiWyondideli mitropoliti ambrosiWyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.1917 w.

46

cxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosicxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosicxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosicxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosicxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosi1921 w.1921 w.1921 w.1921 w.1921 w.

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1917 wlis 14 agvistos TbilisSi saeklesio krebis winaswarsxdomaze moismines episkopos antonis, arqimandrit ambro-sisa da dekanoz kalistrates informaciebi petrogradSigamarTuli molaparakebebis Sesaxeb da miiRes gadawyvetilebaemoqmedaT sakuTari sindisisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadide-beli eklesiis interesebis Sesabamisad.

1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers TbilisSi sionis sapatriarqotaZris ezoSi mimdinareobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelisamociqulo eklesiis pirveli kreba, romelmac miiRo ek-lesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, daamtkica 13 eparqia,gamoarCia mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi. airCia sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarqi, pirvelad es pativi wilad xvdaepiskopos kirions, romelsac ewoda sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqi da mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposi, unetaresida uwmidesi kirion II. saeklesio krebaze arqimandritmaambrosim waikiTxa samurzayanodan Tavad mixeil anCebaZismisalmeba _ afxazeTis sazogadoeba Zmuri salmiT miesalme-ba moZme ers, ulocavs dResaswauls da auwyebs afxazeTissaqarTvelosTan SeerTebas. swored is faqti, rom bagrat IIIiwodeboda mefed afxazTa da qarTvelTa, dasaflavebuliabediis monasterSi, maCvenebelia im sulieri kavSirisa, romel-ic arsebobs afxazeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris

saeklesio krebam Wyondidel episkoposad daamtkica am-brosi xelaia, romelic uwmidesma da unetaresma kirionmaimave dRes mitropolitis xarisxSi aiyvana. es iyo uiSvia-Tesi SemTxveva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis is-toriaSi, magram am gadawyvetilebis samarTlianobas yvelaaRiarebda. meufe ambrosim Caibara Wyondidis eparqia da Seudgasaqmianobas. 1917 wlis 2 noembers saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdomaze, romel-sac Tavmjdomareobda kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II im-sjeles cxum-bedielis kaTedris aRdgenis aucileblobaze.sakaTalikoso sabWom mitropolit ambrosis aseTi SinaarsismimarTva gaugzavna: sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom

48

ama wlis 2 giorgobisTves Tavis sxdomaze iqonia msjelobacxumis (afxazeTis) kaTedris aRdgenis Sesaxeb.

es kaTedra Zvelad iyo cxum-bediis eparqiebisa (terito-ria Zveli eparqiebis: drandis _ imave cxumis, bediisa, mo-qvisa da biWvinTisa) _ exlandeli soxumis olqi gagrisubnis mimatebiT, kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa iyo cxumSi (sox-umSi), rezidencia iqve.

cxumis kaTedras Zvelad didi mniSvneloba hqonda. sarw-munoebrivi-saeklesio kavSiri aerTebda mraval saukuneTaganmavlobaSi qarTvel ers afxazebTan Zmuris kavSiriT.

samwuxarod, mraval mizezebisa gamo, es kavSiri qarTvel-Ta da afxazTa Soris, cota ar iyos, Sesustda.

sakaTalikozo sabWos azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiis aRd-gena da momavali ueWveli aRorZineba misi Tavdebia, romSesaZlebeli unda iyos kvlav gaZliereba qarTvelTa da afx-azTa Soris Zmuri kavSirisa da sarwmunoebriv-saeklesioerTobisa~ (12, 463).

vinaidgan dRes afxazeTi aris miwerili Wyondidis epar-qiaze, sakaTalikozo sabWo mogmarTavT Tqven maRalyovla-dusamRvdeloesobas da gTxovT mimovlioT es mxare (afxaze-Tis) da gaacnoT adgilobrivni mkvidrni Tu raodenad mouci-lebeli saWiroeba aris, rogorc qarTvelTaTvis, ise kidevufro afxazTaTvis ganaxleba im sarwmunoebriv-saeklesiokavSirisa, romelic saukuneTa manZilze aerTebda am RviZlZmebs.

1917 wlis 12 dekembers samurzayanos samRvdeloebam ase-Ti Sinaarsis oqmi gaugzavna sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarq uwmides kirions da mitropolit ambrosis.

1917 welsa dekembris 12 dResa. am ricxvs Sedga dabagalSi samurzayanos nawilis da sofel iloris, samRvde-loebis da samrevloTa warmomadgenlebis SeerTebuli kreba.Tavmjdomared iqmna amorCeuli mRvdeli samsoni svaniZe,xolo mdivnad mRvdeli barTlome xarebava, amis Semdeg kre-ba Seudga dRevandeli momentis mier gamowveuli sxvadasxva

49

sakiTxebis garCevas, sakiTxebis, romlebic xels Seuwyobenadgilobrivi saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebas. vinaidansamurzayano Sesulia saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi krebamerTxmad daadgina:

1) sanamde gamoirkveodes, samurzayano-afxazTa urTierTSoris damokidebuleba eklesiuri cxovrebis mxriv, droe-biT miekedlos Wyondidelis samitropolitos da dReisricxvidan mospos yovelive damokidebuleba soxumis episko-pozi sergi da misi kancelariasTan.

2) krebam daadgina daarsdes samurzayanoSi sami saekle-sio saolqo sabWo: a) d. galSi, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrev-lebi: a) pirveli da meore gali, b) xumuSquri, g) rebCxi,d) papiConi, e) refi, v) SeSeleTi, z) barRebi, T) qvemobarRebi, i) nabakevi, i) Tagiloni pirveli da meore, ib)otobaia pirveli da meore, ig) naWkadu da iv) zemo cxiri;b) d. aCigvarSi, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrevlebi: a) ilori, b)bedia pirveli da meore, d) sanavardo, v) muxuri, z) warCe,c) gudava pirveli da meore, i) oqumi, ia) RumuriSi da ib)CxorToli; g) s. Wuburxinji, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrevle-bi: a) faxulani, b) saberio pirveli, meore da mesame, e)dixazurga, v) Wuburxinji pirveli da meore da z) cxiri.

3) daarsdes yovelive eklesiasTan samrevlo sabWo.4) saolqo sabWosi wevrebad amoirCes d. galSi mRvdelni

samsoni svaniZe, aleqsandre rurua da abeli Cexeria, mTa-vari diakoni nikandre anjafariZe, medaviTne dimitri kakuba-va da aqvsenti Wanturia, xolo eris kacTagan zosime qecbaiada sosrani qorqia. d. aCigvaraSi mRvdelni konstantine ma-jganaZe, barTlome xarebava da xaritoni Selia, medaviTneniantoni Sarangia, aleqsandre xoWava da konstantine gegeWkori,xolo eris kacisagan mixa Tarbaia, dedore gvilava da nikobenia.

s. WuburxinjSi _ mRvdelni nikolozi Wedia, aqvsentirurua da samsoni majganaZe, diakoni egnate Sonia, medaviTnemelitoni anjafariZe, eris kacTagan _ giorgi jaxia da

50

kosta pataraia da 5) oqmis dedani darCes d. galSi, xoloasli gaugzavnos kaTolikos-patriarq kirion meores da Wy-ondideli mitropolit ambrosis. Tavmjdomare mRvdeli sam-son svaniZe. mdivani mRvdeli barTlome xarebava.~ (12, 689).

eparqiaSi didi Zalisxmeva iyo saWiro, raTa mosaxleo-bis umravlesoba kvlav eklesiisaken Semobrunebuliyo.ekonomikuri siduxWire, nakleb morwmuneoba, rTuli poli-tikuri viTareba, yovelive es Tavis daRs asvamda saeparqiocxovrebas. amas daemata yovlad maxinji movlena e.w. kuTx-urobis momentebis win wamoweva eklesiaSi. dapirispirebani,intrigebi yvelaze metad medroveebs awyobdaT. dapirispire-bisa da muxanaTobis msxverpli gaxda 1918 wlis 27 ivnissmartyofis monasterSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II. aseT rTulviTarebaSi didi sulieri simtkice da mSobeli eklesiissiyvaruli iyo is Zala, ramac gaaZlebina meufe ambrosis,igi kvlav Cveuli gulmodginebiT emsaxureboda Tavis saqmes.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias didiwinaaRmdegobebi xvdeboda Tavisi iurisdiqciis mTelisaqarTvelos teritoriaze ganvrcobisas, gansakuTrebiT didisirTuleebi iyo afxazeTSi. ruseTis saero da sasulieroxelisuflebam XIX saukunis II naxevridan seriozuli sam-uSaoebi Caatara afxazebSi, romelTa muslimanuri nawiliswored rusebis mier iqna gasaxlebuli XIX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi maT unergavdnen im azrs, rom TiTqos maTierTaderTi mtrebi qarTvelebi iyvnen. afxazeTis teritori-aze demografiuli viTarebis Secvlis mizniT ruseTis cen-traluri guberniebidan asaxelebdnen aTasobiT russ, xolosaqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebidan qarTvelebs iq Casax-lebis ufleba ar hqondaT. ruseTis xelisuflebam scadaXX saukunis dasawyisSi soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelodanCamoSorebac, magram adgilobrivi mosaxleobis winaaRmdego-bis gamo es ver moxerxda.

1918 wlis 26 maiss, rodesac saqarTvelos demokratiuli

51

respublika gamocxadda, ruseTis bolSevikuri xelisuflebiswaqezebiT afxazma bolSevikebma miznad daisaxes afxazeTissaqarTvelodan CamoSoreba. rusi episkoposi sergi am drossoxumSi imyofeboda da rusulenovan mrevls mouwodebdaar damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisiurisdiqcias. afxazma bolSevikebma Seqmnes samxedro-rev-oluciuri komiteti, Camoayalibes wiTeli razmebi, daikavessoxumi da afxazeTSi sabWoTa xelisufleba gamoacxades.saqarTvelos mTavrobas sxva gza ar darCenoda, garda Seiar-aRebuli Carevisa, raTa daecva qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba.`1918 wlis ivnisSi saxalxo gvardiam general giorgi mazniaS-vilis sardlobiT daamarcxa afxaz separatistTa da maTdasaxmareblad yubanidan Semosuli kazakTa wiTeli razmebi,daikava soxumi. 22 ivniss saxalxo gvardia Sevida gagraSi, 2ivliss aRebul iqna adleri, 6 ivliss soWi, 26 ivlisstuafse.~ (6, 67). saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier afxaze-Tis teritoriaze Tavisi iurisdiqciis aRdgenis Semdeg saek-lesio separatizmis sulisCamdgmelebsac frTebi SeekvecaT.1919 wlis oqtomberSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi leonidi, Wyondidel mitropolit am-brosisa da dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis TanxlebiT soxumsestumra, Sexvda mosaxleobas da warudgina cxum-bedielimitropoliti ambrosi xelaia. mitropoliti ambrosi TavismoRvaweobas Seudga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-is yvelaze rTul eparqiaSi. sayovelTaod cnobili iyo misitaqti, qristianuli Semwynarebloba, adgilobrivi pirobeb-is kargad codna, patriotizmi. man Tavis garSemo Semoikribasoxumis qarTveloba. Tavadma v. ServaSiZem soxumSi ukanon-od myof rus episkoposs sergis aseTi werili gaugzavna`sakaTalikoso sabWos mier soxumis eparqiis kanonier mmarTve-lad daniSnulia mitropoliti ambrosi. Tqveni adgili aqaRar aris.~ (3, 164). mitropolitma ambrosim daiwyo eparqia-Si qarTuli wirva-locvebis aRdgena. qadagebebSi afxazeTismcxovrebT mouwodebda urTierTsiyvarulis, megobrobisa da

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qristianuli saTnoebisaken.1918 wlis 1 seqtembers mitropolitma ambrosim soxumis

sakaTalikoso taZarSi Sekrebil qarTvel morwmuneebs amsityvebiT mimarTa

`madli Tqvenda mSvidoba RvTisamier mamisa da uflisa Cvenisa iesoqristesa~ (galat. 1,3)

mociqulis am sityvebiT mogmarTavT Tqven, marTlmadide-belno qarTvelno, wevrno saqarTvelos eklesiisano! siy-varuliT mogesalmebiT.

me didi xania veZebdi SemTxvevas, menaxa am RvTivdaculqalaqis qarTveloba, mindoda gamego aqauri mdgomareoba,Tqveni qristianuli miswrafebani, Tqveni mSobliuri, aw ukveTavisufali eklesiis interesebis dacvis survili, am mis-wrafebisa da survilis siRrme-sidiadis raodenoba. hqondasxva sabuTic am Cems survils. soxumi CemTvis gansakuTre-biT dauviwyaria. aq aRmexila me pirvelad gonebis Tvali, aqvmsaxurobdi rogorc moZRvari da, kidec TqvenSic vxedavnacnob pirebs, romelTanac mqonia sulieri keTili ganwyo-bileba. aq gavige da Sevigne Cveni eklesiis monobaSi yofnisautanloba, mdgomareobis simwvave, _ is, rom morwmune erigamefebuli araqristianuli reJimis gamo Cqaris nabijiTmieqaneboda gaurwmunoebis gzaze. aq gadagvareba-garusebispolitika ukiduresad iyo gamefebuli. aq Camesaxa protes-tis gamocxadebis aucilebloba. aqidan _ soxumidan iwyebaCemi ekliani gziT siaruli, aq iyo dasabami Cemi tanjva-devnuloba-vaeba-ubedurebisa. magram imasac vgrZnob, romsoxumi iyo agreTve dasabami Cemis axlandelis SedarebiTbednierebisa, vinaidan me bednieraT mimaCnia Cemi Tavi, romvixile is, rasac eltvodnen bevrni mamuliSvilni, magramver ixiles, e.i. maqvs saSvaleba TqvenTan erTad gaviziarobedniereba eklesiurad da erovnulad TavisuflebaSi yofnisa.

53

maS, CemTvis yovelTvis sasixarulo iyo da iqneba naxva,TqvenTan yofna, rom davrwmunde Tqvens sarwmunoebrivad daerovnulad ganmtkicebis gzaze dadgomaSi.

diax, Cveni erovnuli eklesia axla Tavisufalia, misibed-iRbali axla Cvens xelSia da visac ainteresebs sarwmu-noebrivi kiTxvebi, vinc mis aucilebel saWiroebaSi darw-munebulia, misi gamagrebas xeli unda Seuwyos. visac swamsCveni eklesiis amagi warsulSi, _ is, rom man _ deda ekle-siam _ mraval saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi daicva Cveni erovneba,Segvanaxvia Cveni vinaoba, gvixsna gadagvareba-ganadgurebisa-gan, _ rom mis SvilTa da mis wiaRSi Seqmnes mdidariliteratura, xuroTmoZRvreba, mogvca is mdidari saganZuriliteraturul nawarmoebTa, romlis mcire neSti, rac bar-baros mterTa xels gadaurCa, _ Senaxulia Cvens da sxvaqveynebis muzeumebSi da romelTac gancvifrebaSi mohyavTucxo qveynebis mecnierebi, _ visac swams yvela es da Seg-nebuli aqvs, usaTuod isic unda iwamos, rom amnairi ekle-sia pativsacemia, is samomavloSiac SeZlebs moutanos sarge-bloba mSobliur ers.

am erTweliwad naxevris win Cvenma eklesiam miiRo Tavisu-fleba, daaRwia Tavi asi wlis monobas, aiyara monobis borkile-bi. maSin Cven vambobdiT, rom yvelam xeli unda movumarToTerovnul eklesias, gavamagroT misi Tavisufleba, radgan esmopovebuli Tavisufleba Cven migvaCnda erovnul Tavisu-flebis safuZvlad, qvakuTxedad. aki marTalic gamodga. amori-sami Tvis winaT Cven veRirseT politikur-erovnulTavisuflebasac. eklesiis moRvaweni da TviT eklesiacgamodgnen pionerebad xalxis erovnul-politikuri ganTavisu-flebis saqmisaTvis. maS, Rirsia Cveni eklesia yuradRebisa.

Cveni eklesia waagavs axladgankurnebul avadmyofs, romel-sac fexebi imdenaT ar gamagrebia, rom mas saSiSroeba armoelodes dauxmareblad siarulis dros. saWiroa mxarSiamodgoma, daxmareba, rom mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi sidam-bleSi myofi da axladgankurnebul da fexadgmuli eklesiam

54

SeiZlos gamoiCinos is cxovelmyofeli Zala da unari mo-qmedebisa, romliTac is ganTqmuli iyo Zvelad. ioane kesa-rieli ityvis Tavis `fiziologiaSi~ im erTnair xvlikze,romelic daberdeba da kbileb Cacvinuli xdeba da mRvimeSisZinavs. asi wlis Semdeg is gamodis mzeze, misi yviTelikani lurjad abrwyindeba, kbilebi amoudis da axalgazr-davdeba. saqarTvelos eklesiac asi weliwadi damwyvdeuliiyo mouZlurebuli, moqmedebis unarisagan gaZarculi, ma-gram axla mas moxvda mzis sxivebi da isic gadaxalisdeba-gabrwyindeba. es moxdeba mxolod Cvenis meoxebiT da xe-lSewyobiT.

cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi arsebuli rTuli viTarebissruli suraTia mitropolit ambrosis moxsenebaSi, romli-Tac man mimarTa saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos1918 wlis 26 dekembers soxumis eparqiis 56 eklesiis kre-bulTa jamagirebi gadmoricxul iqmna mTavrobisagan CemsgankargulebaSi. amasTan 36 krebulisaTvis Cem mier gaxsni-li iqmna krediti senakis da foTis xazinebSi, xolo xuTieklesiis krebulTaTvis _ soxumis xazinaSi. danarCenTaTvisar gamixsnia krediti, radgan isini ar gadmoricxulan jer-ac Cems eparqiaSi. am ukanasknelTagan aTi krebulisaTvis, arvici ra uflebiT, krediti gauxsnia soxumis episkoposs.

rac Seexeba soxumis soboris krebuls, misTvis uka-nasknelad (gauciaT) jamagiri Cemda daukiTxavad da amisTvisSevaCere. es krediti gadmoricxulia Cems gankargulebaSiiqaur qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebaTa dasakmay-ofileblad da ara rusTaTvis, radgan qarTvelTa ricxvi q.soxumSi TiTqmis Tvrameti aTasamdea, rusebis ki ar aRematebaSvidi-rva aTass, xolo sakrebulo taZarSi wirva-locvasruldeba mxolod rusul enaze, radganac jer-jerobiTver moxerxda soxumis qarTvelTaTvis qarTveli mRvdlisdaniSvna da weliwadic Tavdeba. me SemeZlo gamexsna eskrediti soxumis episkoposis gankargulebaSi, magram amasxels uSlida is garemoeba, rom soxumis sakrebulo-taZar-

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Si qarTvelTaTvis wirva-locva ar sruldeba dro gamoSve-biT mainc da Cems mimarTvas soxumis episkoposma sergimerTxelac ar ineba CemTvis pasuxi gaeca. rogorc CemTvisSemdegSi cxad iqmna, amisi mizezi is iyo, rom igi Cvenseklesias da mis ierarqias ar sTvlis marTlmadideblureklesiaT da kanonier ierarqiad. amis garda isic misaRebiamxedvelobaSi, rom soxumis episkoposi ar scnobs saqarTve-los respublikas da mis mTavrobas da soxumis sakrebulotaZarSi misi brZanebiT aRavlenen RvTisadmi vedrebas arasaqarTvelos, aramed ruseTis meufeebisaTvis. episkoposissergis ruseTis bolSevikur mTavrobis momxreobaze sakaTa-likozo sabWom ukve icis Cemis moxsenebidan. me ar mimaCniasamarTlianad Cveni respublikis xazinam aZlios krediti imeklesias, romelic saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSimyofi, ar iwynarebs mis qveSevrdomobas.

ep. sergi ganagebs eklesiurad Savi zRvis sanapiroebis imnawils, romelic mdebareobs anapidan saqarTvelos sazRvram-dis. maSasadame, is unda iTvlebodes episkoposad ruseTisteritoriis mcxovrebTaTvis da ara saqarTvelos respub-likis nawilis mcxovrebTaTvisac da, Tu iTvleba or sax-elmwifoSi mosamsaxureT, cxadia, rom es xdeba ara kanoni-erad, da saqarTvelos respublikis xazinam arc unda aZliosamnairi mRvdelmTavris sakaTedro taZris krebuls jamag-irebi, miT umetes, rom am taZarSi qarTvelTaTvis ar srul-deba wirva-locva qarTul enaze.

amisTvis, Cemis azriT, rogorc soxumis, ise afxazeTis immrevlebis kreditebi, romelic gaxsnilia Cems gankargule-baSi iqauri qarTvelebis sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebaTadasakmayofileblad, SemdegSiac unda darCes Cems gankar-gulebaSi da amis Taobaze vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos moax-dinos saTanado gankarguleba

Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi.~ (12, 463).cxum-bedielma meufe ambrosim 1918 wlis 26 dekembers

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-

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Wosadmi gagzavnil werilSi daayena sakiTxi soxumis sakaT-edro taZarSi RvTismsaxurebis qarTul enaze SemoRebisaucileblobis Sesaxeb.

qalaq soxumSi qarTvel mcxovrebTa ricxvi aRwevs TvrametaTasamde da amdeni marTlmadidebeli xalxi darCenilia uek-lesiod da uwirva-locvod mSobliur enaze. soxumis sakaT-edro taZris krebulSi aris erTi qarTveli mRvdeli, ma-gram mas ufleba ara aqvs am taZarSi Seasrulos wirva-locva am enaze. samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelosfargalSi myof qalaqSi saqarTvelos respublikis qveSevr-domebis sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebac iqmnes dakmayofile-buli da soxumis qarTvelobac moiTxovs, rom misi uflebe-bic aRdgenil iqmnes da im sakrebulo taZarSi, romelSicmasac udevs wili, sruldebodes morigeobiT qarTul-rusulenebze wirva-locva.

amisTvis vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos aRZras Suamdgom-loba visTanac jer ars, mieweros soxumis episkopos ser-gis, dakmayofilebul iqmnas soxumel qarTvelebis es kanon-ieri survili da qarTvel mRvdels da wignis mkiTxvel-mgaloblebs, romelnic soxumis taZarSi Seasruleben wir-va-locvas qarTul enaze, jamagiri mieces im kreditidan,romelic gaxsnilia Cems gankargulebaSi soxumel qarTvelTa-Tvis.~ (12, 463).

bevr saintereso informacias Seicavs mitropolit am-brosis moxseneba saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWosadmi 1919w. 21 maiss gagzavnili werilis gamo 30 aprilidan #2106-Ta, pativi maqvs movaxseno zemoxsenebul sabWos Semdegi:soxumis qarTveloba Suamdgomlobda, rom sakaTalikozo sa-bWos gaegzavna soxumSi vinme wevrTagani iqauri saeklesiosaqmeebis mosawesrigeblad. am gadawyvetilebamdis mividnensoxumelebi im mosazrebisa gamo, rom Cemi, rogorc mRvdel-mTavris, gareva imnair saqmeSi, sadac saWiro iyo gadamwyve-ti nabijebis gadadgma, ar miaCniaT sasurvelad. amave azrisiyo TviT sakaTalikozo sabWoc soxumelTa Suamdgomlobis

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garCevis dros, ris gamo soxumSi wasvla da saqmis mogvare-ba daekisra erT Tavis wevrTagans. axla ki zemoxsenebuliweriliT mecnoba, rom daniSnul wevrs soxumSi gamgzavre-baze uari ganucxadebia da am mizezisa gamo sabWo iZulebu-li gamxdara Tavisi uwindeli dadgenileba da Sexedulebagamoecvala da daedgina, rom soxumis saeklesio saqmeebimowesrigdnen Cemi xelmZRvanelobiT da, rom Cemda dasax-mareblad Tavis wevrs gagzavnis soxumSi mxolod maSin,rodesac me iq gavemgzavrebi. amis gamo pativi maqvs movaxse-no sakaTalikozo sabWos, rom Tu mas sasurvelad miaCniaCemi am saqmeSi gareva da Tu es ar gamoiwvevs raime uxerx-ulobas, maSin me TviTon sxvis dauxmareblad vitvirTebsaqmis mowesrigebas aqtiur nabijebis gadaudgmelad, radganes ar unda Seeferebodes mRvdel-mTavris xarisxs, da rad-gan sxvisgan gadadgmuli mosalodneli aqtiuri nabijebSime Tanaziari da pasuxismgebeli ar SemiZlia viyo.

damoukideblad amisa, movaxseneb sakaTalikozo sabWos,rom zemoxsenebuli werilis miRebis Semdeg am Tvis pirvelnaxevarSi gavemgzavre soxumSi da ukve gavmarTe molaparake-ba soxumel qarTvelobasTan da afxazTa sabWos Tavmjdomareda wevrebTan am sakiTxis gamo, agreTve movamzade niadagisoxumis episkoposTan am saqmeze mSvidobian molaparakebi-saTvis, romlis gamarTva gadaido sxva droisaTvis, radganacepiskoposi sergi am xanad soxumSi ar imyofeba . am dReebSimivemgzavrebi sareviziod samurzayano da afxazeTSi _ sox-umSi CavaRwev, albaT, erTi Tvis Semdeg da maSin movaxsenebsakaTalikoso sabWos, ra Sedegi eqneba Cems iq yofnas.~ (12,463).

aseve mniSvnelovani iyo misi qadageba soxumis sakaTedrotaZarSi 1919 wlis 5 oqtombers.

Zmano, qristianeno! dRes wakiTxuli saxareba Rirsia gawafu-li yuradRebisa; is gvaswavlis ramdenaT miizidavs is CvenzeRvTis madls.

didia Zala sarwmunoebis. sarwmunoebam gankurna ganr-

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Rveuli, didi iyo sarwmunoeba romaelis asisTavisa, romelze-dac brZana qristem, mTel uriastanSi ar mixilavs amnairisarwmunoebavo. da ganikurna mona misi, romelzedac sTxovdaqriste-macxovars. sarwmunoebam gankurna is dedakaci, romelic12 weli itanjeboda ukurnebelis sneulebiT da romelmacfarulad Seaxo xeli qristes kalTebs da ganikurna. sarw-munoebam hqmna is, rom qristesTan jvarcmuli avazaki gaxdasamoTxis mkvidri. ra ar hqmna SesaZlebelad mociqulebissarwmunoebam? isini gaunaTlebelni, Raribni, fexSiSvelnimimoivlian mTel maSin cnobil qveynierebas, sZleven mefe-Ta, didebulTa, mecnierTa da swavlulTa, sZleven warmar-Tobas, urwmunoebas da qristes saxarebas mohfenen dedami-was, yvelas daumorCileben mas.

gana kerZo cxovrebaSi da kerZo saqmeebSiac ara aqvsmniSvneloba sarwmunoebas? vin ar icis, rom rwmena aniWebskacs gamarjvebas? Tu kacs swams dawyebuli saqme, maSin isdawyebisTanave is naxevrad gamarjvebulad unda CaiTvalos.xolo Tu adamians dawyebuli saqmis SesaZlebloba TviTonara swams, ara aqvs rwmena, rom RmerTi miscems mas gamar-jvebas, maSin Zalian, Zalian saeWvoa is sisruleSi moiyvanomasSi gaimarjvos. ra meomari iqneba is, romelsac omis drosara swams, rom gaimarjvebs, romelTac ara swamT, rom maTRmerTi Seeweva? amnairive mxedroba gaWirvebis dros TviTgarbis brZolis velidan, ris magaliTebi mogvca warmarTu-li wlebis umagaliTo omebma.

rodesac jarSi Seitanes urwmunoeba, mas waerTva simt-kice, waerTva unari da survili samSoblos dacvisa.

morwmune ojaxis cxovreba tkbili da saTnoebiania, ojax-is wevrTa Soris sufevs siyvaruli, Tanxmoba, Sromismoy-vareoba, zomiereba, sma-Wama-simxiaruleSi, _ erTi sityviT,is, rac aniWebs kacs bednierebas.

morwmune ded-mamani sasargebloni arian samSoblosaTvis,radgan zneoba-sarwmunoebiT aRsavse Svilebs uzrdian mas;imnair Svilebs, romelTac SeuZliaT Tavis moRvaweobiT

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moutanon samSoblos sargebloba. xolo urwmunoeba ojax-is damrRvevia, zneobrivi niadagis gamomcleli cxovrebaSi.ra Svilebi unda aRuzardon eklesias da samSoblos imded-mamam, romelTac TviTon ara aqvT sarwmunoeba, ariziareben saxarebis idealebs, ar misdeven mis zneobriv swav-las? amnairi ojaxi unda CaiTvalos avadmyof ojaxad daubeduria is xalxi, is saxelmwifo, is eri, romelic Sedge-ba amnairis erTeulebisagan, maSin TviT eric daavadebulida susti iqneba da amnairi eri mieqaneba gadagvareba-ganad-gurebisaken.

sarwmunoeba aniWebs kacs bednierebas, sulis simSvidessikvdilis Jamsac ki, is nugeSismcemelia, radgan mas swams,rom sikvdili mxolod micvalebaa, gardasvlaa momaval san-etaro cxovrebaSi. urwmunoTa ukanaskneli Jami cxovrebisavolteriseburad aRSfoTebuli da autanelia.

movixsenieb imasac, rom usafuZvloa is azri, romelicgavrcelebulia Cvens axalgazrdobaSi. viTom sarwmunoebaiyos mteri Tavisuflebisa. es azri aSenebulia gaugebroba-ze. an Tu Segnebulad amboben da imeoreben amas, maSin, undavifiqroT, rom amnairi mqadagebelni arian mterni namdvilisTavisuflebisa. namdvili Tavisuflebis damyareba, misi gam-agreba SeiZleba mxolod maSin, rodesac xalxSi ganvamtki-cebT sarwmunoebas. Tavisufleba unda emyarebodes qristeszneobriv idealebze, misi mcnebebis aRsrulebaze. uamisodTavisufleba gardaiqmneba TviTnebobad, rogorc amas hqondada jer kidev aqvs CvenSi adgili, da xalxs moutans sarge-blobas wil mavneblobas.

amis dasabuTeba axla Sors wagviyvans da amisTvis, rommetad ar davRalo Tqveni yuradReba, sxva droisTvis gada-vdeb. aq vityvi mxolod, rom mociquli pavlec dRes wak-iTxuli samociquloSi gveubneba am zneobrivi cxovrebissaWiroebaze xalxis keTildReobisaTvis, xolo Tavisufle-bac saWiroa mxolod xalxisaTvis, misi keTildReobisaTvisda sulierad amaRlebisaTvis. maSasadame, sarwmunoeba saWiroa

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Tavisuflebis gamagreba-gafarToebisaTvis.maS, mivxedoT, morwmuneno, qananevelis Rrma sarwmunoe-

bas da maSin Cveni cxovreba iqneba mSvidi, myudro, zneobri-vaT amaRlebuli, da maSin iqneba namdvili axlad mopovebu-li Cveni Tavisufleba; mxolod maSin Cveni cxovreba ga-diqneba im sasufevelad, romelzedac gviTxra qristem, romis Cven Sigan ariso~ (28, 38).

mitropolitma ambrosim 1919 wlis 12 dekembers ase gaamx-neva saxalxo gvardiis jariskacebi...

`maxvilo, vidremdis ara dascxrebi,kvlav ege qarqaSsa Sensa, ganisveneda dascxer~ (ieremia, 47, 6).

ase kvnesoda gamudmebuli omebisagan guldaTuTquliwinaswarmetyveli ieremia, rodesac igi xedavda Tavisi sam-Soblos ubedurebas. ar scxreba axlac maxvili, ar isvenebsda Zalauneburad vurigdebiT imas, rom RmerTs SevsTxovoTmoaniWos Cvens mxedrobas mtrebze gamarjveba, vurigdebiTaucileblobas, vidResaswauloT ara mSvidobiani muSaoba,aramed mebrZolTa institutis daarsebis wlisTavi, _ immebrZolTa romelnic aucileblobas mouSorebia TavianTojaxebSi Sroma-muSaobisaTvis.

brZola da sisxlisRvra, saubedurod, jerkidev saWiroasamSoblos keTildReobisaTvis da imisaTvis gulis siRrmi-dan gilocavT, mamulisSvilno, am dResaswauls, ori wl-isTavs saqarTvelos saxelovani saxalxo gvardiis arsebo-bis da moRvaweobisas. didmniSvnelovania es dRe pirad CvenscxovrebaSi da sazogadoT Cveni samSoblos TavisuflebisistoriaSi. didia Rvawli saqarTvelos gvardiisa Cveni Tavisu-flebis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. bevri mteri aRmouCnda CvensTavisuflebas, xolo am mterTa Soris gansakuTrebiT saSiS-roebas warmoadgens Sav reaqciis motrfiale moxaliseni.yvelani dascxen, xolo eseni ara scxrebian. miuxedavad im-

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isa, rom maT ukanasknel dros wiTeli laSqari Zalze ereke-ba, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela frontebSi maTi mdgomareo-ba kritikulia, Cvens winaaRmdeg agresiul politikas eweva.yaCaRuraT waiyvana Cveni gemi Woroxi, maTi samxedro gemebifiraloben Cvens sazRvrebSi, foTSi srolac autexiaT. Tavisu-flebis mtrebi ar scxrebian.

bevri sisxli daRvara saxalxo gvardiam, kerZoT da sa-zogadoT Cvenma jarma, samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis, misdasacavad garemomdgar mterTagan yvelgan saxelovnad Seas-rules TavianTi movaleoba. maS, imedia, Savrazmel moxali-seebsac Cveni mxedroba aCvenebs Tavis simamaces da daarwmu-nebs, rom saqarTvelo abuCad asagdebi ar aris, rom saqarTveloistoriulad gamocdilia Tavis samSoblos dacvaSi da aravisar Sealaxvinebs sisxliT da tanjviT mopovebul Tavisu-flebas.

Cveni mTavroba ar TanaugrZnobs sisxlisRvras, amaSi iseTanxmeba qristianul moZRvrebis miswrafebas. saxareba winaaRm-degia sisxlisRvrisa. omebis mospobas Sehxaridnen winaswarme-tyvelni; isini mware sinamdviliT daRonebulni mwuxarebiTmosTqvamdnen `maxvilo, vidremdis ara dascxrebi...~, isinisixaruliT elodnen Soreul momavalSi mainc im dros, odesSesaZlebeli iqneba Txa da mgelma erTad iZovon da saomariiaraRebi gadakeTdes miwis samuSao iaraRebad. magram axlomomavalSi amisi molodini Secdoma iqneba. istoriuli msv-leloba iZulebuli hyofs Cvens ers Seurigdes mware si-namdviles. istoria meordeba. mudam amnairi iyo Cveni xalx-is cxovreba-mdgomareoba. vin ar mtrobda mas? sparselebi,osmaleba, monRolebi, selCukebi, romaelebi, bizantielebi,mTielebi, gadamTielebi da mravalni sxvani scdilobdnenmoespoT Cveni erisTvis Tavisufleba, dapatronebodnen CvenssamoTxesebur qveyanas, magram patara saqarTvelo, rogorcbibliuri patara daviTi, winaRudgeboda xolme goliaTebsda xmliT icavda Tavis samSoblos.

ra aZlevda mas Zalas mraval saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

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warmoebul uTanasworo brZolaSi im auarebel da mZlavrmtrebTan, romelnic rkinis rkaliviT garsSemortymodnenCvens samSoblos? amaSi didi mniSvneloba hqonda sarwmu-noebas, romelic Tu xalxSi ganmtkicda, WeSmaritad saswaul-moqmedia. amisTvis ar SemiZlia ar gamovsTqva Cemi sixaruliimis Sesaxeb, rom Tqven, samSoblos Svilno da mamulisimedno, es Tqveni da mTlad qarTvelobis dResaswauli daukav-SireT eklesias, RvTis mogonebas, misdami vedrebas. amisTvisdarwmunebuli var, rom Tqveni mcveli, mfarveli da SemwemterTagan samSoblos dacvaSi iqneba TviT RmerTi.

Zvelad qarTveloba uZleveli iyo sarwmunoebiT da mamu-lis siyvaruliT. es aZlevda mas simxnes. tkbili iyo mis-Tvis sarwmunoebis da mamulisaTvis sikvdili, radgan ekle-sia sarwmunoebasTan erTad unergavda mas mamulis siyvarulsac.marabdis omSi sabrZolvelad gamovida mroveli mitropoli-ti dimitri, aziara xalxi brZolis win da TviTon TavismagaliTiT amxnevebda mebrZolT da kidevac Seewira samSob-los, mokluli iqmna brZolis velze. amnairi magaliTebiCvens istoriaSi bevria.

Zvelad morwmune qarTvels sabrZolvelad mimavals, Tanmihqonda jibiT mSobliuri miwa da miT eziareboda brZolisvelze sikvdilis win da ityoda: `meqmnes mSobliuri miwaziarebado.~ amdenaT didi iyo masSi sarwmunoeba da samSob-losadmi siyvaruli.

Tqvenc giRviviT gulSi is grZnoba mamulis siyvarulisada, rodesac mas gaaorkecebs sarwmunoeba da eklesiisadmisiyvaruli, maSin uZleveli iqnebiT, maSin sircxvileuliqnebian mterni Cvenis Tavisuflebis.

maS, ganixare tkbilo samSoblov, Seni saukeTeso SvilniSemokrebilan dRes sadResaswaulod, rom amiT mtkiced Sekav-Sirdnen Cvenis Tavisuflebis mtrebTan sabrZolvelad.

ganixare Senc, deda eklesiav, Senni Svilni Sen gigoneben,Sens locva-kurTxevas warimZRvareben Tavis samSoblosdasacvelad moRvaweobaSi.

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RmerTo, mieci amaT Zala saqarTvelos mterTagan xsnaSi,rom samSoblom SeiZlos Tavisuflebis ganmtkiceba da kul-turis gzaze Cveni eris Cqaris nabijiT siaruli.~ (10, 283-286).

cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebi saek-lesio viTarebas xelovnurad arTulebdnen meufe ambrosi1919 wlis 19 dekembers. amis Sesaxeb moaxsenebda mis uw-midesobas sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq le-onides,

Tqveno uwmidesobav,mowyaleo mamamTavaro!samxreT-aRmosavleT ruseTis droebiT saeklesio marTvelo-

bam, ukaziT 21 ama wlis ivnisidan # 31-i winadadeba miscacxumis yofil episkopozs sergis, rom mas damokidebulebaar qonoda CemTan, radgan me var warmomadgeneli saqarTve-los eklesiisa, romelic ̀ CamoSorda ruseTis eklesias~. esgankarguleba cxumis yofila saeparqio mTavrobis mier gae-gzavna Sesasruleblad soxumis olqis rusT monastrebis daeklesiebis winamZRvrebs.

Tumca axali aTonis monastris winamZRvari da Zmani sa-Tanado pativiT daxvdnen Tqvens uwmidesobas, magram, rogorcbolo dros aRniSnuli monastris warmomadgenlobam gan-micxada, winamZRvari da Zmani monastrisa cnoben Tavis Tavsuxerxul mdgomareobaSi, radgan maT ar SeuZlian angariSiar gauwion ruseTis eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis gan-kargulebas; masTan ki maT ar surT saqarTvelos eklesia-sTan Sewyviton kavSiri. sxva monastrebi ki CemTan uaresdamokidebulebaSi arian, xolo soxumis sakaTedro taZrisyofilma rusTa krebulma pirdapir ganmicxada, rom mas arSeuZlia daemorCilos saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgenels,radgan es mas, krebuls, akrZaluli aqvs ruseTis eklesiisdroebiTi mmarTvelobis mier. aseve moiqca gagris eklesiiskrebuli.

yovelive zemoxsenebuls bolo moeRos da amierkavkasiis

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yvela nawilebSi aRdgenil iqnas saqarTvelos teritori-aluri eklesia, rogorc amas moiTxovs saeklesio kanonebi,amisaTvis saWiroa, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali-is aRdgena cnobili iqmnas aRmosavleTis patriarqiebs mier,xolo es rom moxdes, aucilebeli saWiroa gaigzavnos aRmo-savleTSi sagangebo delegacia, romelSiac, Cemis azriT, undaSevides erTi mRvdelmTavari, erTi mRvdeli da erTi eriskaci. am saqmeSi usaTuod dagvexmareba saqarTvelos warmo-madgeneli konstantinopolSi.

es unda moxdes, rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT, radgan, rogorcsaqarTvelos aRdgenili saxelmwifos cnobaa saWiro sxvasaxelmwifoTa mier, ise saWiroa saqarTvelos eklesiis av-tokefaliis aRdgenis cnoba sxva avtokefalur eklesiaTamier, gansakuTrebiT konstantinopolis patriarqis mier.

Tu soxumis eparqiis rusebis monastrebi CamogvSorda, essaqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis aramc Tu sasurveli ar aris,aramed sxvadasxva mxriT Zlieri sazianoc iqneba. amasTanavevudgen Tqvens uwmindesobas samxreT-aRmosavleT ruseTiseklesiis droebiTi marTvelobis 21 ivnisis ukazis pirispirs.

Tqvenis uwmindesobis msasoebeli da morCili, ambrosi,mitropoliti cxum-afxazeTisa.~ (10, 288-290).

1920 wlis 28 Tebervals damfuZnebeli krebis mowveviswlisTavTan dakavSirebiT mitropolitma ambrosim Semdegisityva warmoTqva: ̀ Tqven aznaurebisa (Tavisuflebisa) Cveneb-ul xarT, Zmano, gana xolo aznauroba nu mizezad xorcTa,aramed siyvarulisa, misTvis hmonebdiT urTierTars~ (galat.5, 13).

am sityvebiT mogvmarTavs mociquli pavle da amiT gvimt-kicebs, rom Tavisufleba aris niWi RvTisa. es sityvebisaukeTesod Seefereba dRevandel dResaswauls, wlisTavsam Tavisuflebis dabrunebisa. vambobT ̀ dabrunebisa~, vinaiT-gan es niWi RvTisa wagverTva amqveyniuris usamarTlobiT da

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ZalmomreobiT. 28 Tebervlis aqtma dagvibruna es Tavisu-fleba da, rasakvirvelia, es dRe maTTvis, vinc motrfialeaTavisuflebisa, vin mas moeloda da misTvis ibrZoda, arisdidi sixarulis dRe.

diax, axla damyarda imnairi weswyobileba, rodesac xalxissindisma Tval-yuri unda adevnos maT moqmedebas, visaccxovreba ayenebs marTva-gamgeobis saTaveSi. axla pirovnebaTavisufali unda iyos uflebamosilTa TviTnebobisagan, vi-naiTgan daimsxvra borkilebi, romliTac mravali saukunoe-bis ganmavlobaSi SeboWili viyaviT, TviTeuli Cvengani pa-suxismgebelia mxolod RvTis da sindisis winaSe, winaSemarTlmsajulebisa da kanonisa. saqarTvelos respubliki-saTvis didmniSvnelovania es dRe, rogorc dRe damfuZnebe-li krebis mowvevis da am gziT Tavisuflebis gamagrebisa dakanonierebis gzaze dadgomisa. didi bednierebaa, udidesimonapovaria xalxis keTildReobisaTvis.

amisTvis, mamuliSvilno, wrfelis guliT gilocavT yve-la amas. eklesia da qristes swavla damcvelia Tavisufleb-isa am sityvis WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT. erTi ruseTis mec-nieri, romelmac Seswira Tavi TavisuflebisaTvis brZolas,ambobs: ̀ qristianobas swams SeerTeba ieso qristes pirovnebaSiRvTisa da kacisa, SeerTeba miwieris da zecierisa, RvTae-brivis da kacobriulisa da moiTxovs amnairsave SeerTebas,amnairsave RmerTkacobas yvela morwmunisagan, yvela Cvenga-nma unda Tavis arsebaSi ganasaxieros RmerTi sityviT dasaqmiT.~ Cven unda Cvens cxovrebaSi ganvaxorcieloT zneo-brivi mxare, romelic aZlevs simagres da Zalas Cvens mo-qmedebas. Tavisufleba unda gamoixatos moZmeTadmi siyvarul-Si, pativiscemaSi moZmis pirovnebisa, misi rwmenisa da mis-wrafebisa. Tu Cven sityviT vqadagebT Tavisuflebas da saqmiTmas varRvevT da vscdilobT mxolod piradi Tavisuflebi-saTvis, maSin es iqneba ara Tavisufleba, aramed TviTneboba.

ras vxedavT axla? aris ganxorcielebuli CvenSi pirovnebisdafaseba? saubeduroT, ara. pirovnebis dafaseba gareSe par-

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tiuli Tvalsazrisisa ar arsebobs.CvenSi Zvel weswyobilebis dros zizRs iwvevda didebis

moyvareoba imaTi, vinc mTavrobis maRal safexurebze msax-urobda, magram axlac ar vxedavT am didebismoyvareobasdemokratiul aristokratiis, axal modis Tavadobas?

meqrTameoba uwindelis moxeleebisa gansacvifreblad mig-vaCnda, magram amaSi axla CamovrCebiT Zvel moxeleebs?

uwin gvejavreboda sisxlisRvra, axlac gana kaci kaci-saTvis mgeli ar aris? gana erTmaneTis Seubralebloba ax-lac imnairad ar mefobs, rogorc Zvelad?

ra aris amis mizezi? risTvis ar gangvkurna Cven Tavisu-flebam? mizezi imaSia, rom Cven moRvaweobaSi da moqmedeba-Si nametanaT SevamcireT zneobrivi elementi. ganvdevneTSkolidan da cxovrebidan qristes sarwmunoebrivi da zneo-brivi swavla, uromlisod Cveni moRvaweoba calmxrivia, masar asulierebs RvTis sasoeba CvenSi, erTmaneTis siyvaruli,uromlisod Tavisufleba iRebs arasasurvel mimarTulebas...uamisod Tavisufleba orive gverdiT mWreli maxvilia, romel-mac SeiZleba mogvitanos sargeblobis wil mavnebloba, gaame-fos anarqia, amisTvis Tavisufleba, petre mociqulis TqmiT,ara safarvelad ukeTurebisa unda gvqondes, aramed ZmaTasiyvarulisaTvis (petre, I, 2, 1-7), xolo asvlebiT `aramizezad xorcTa,~ aramed siyvaruliT urTierTars morCileb-isaTvis (galat. 5, 13), mSvidoba da Zmuris siyvarulis dab-runebisaTvis amqveynad. `ukeTu urTierTars ikbinebodeT daSeiWmebodeT ixileTnve ukve urTierTars ganilineT.~ vimeo-reb, daudvaT Cvens Tavisuflebas safuZvlad qorstes zneo-brivi swavla, misi idealebis cxovrebaSi ganxorcieleba damaSin, mxolod maSin SegviZlia viyoT sasargeblo wevrnisaxelmwifosi. SevevedroT ufals mogvces man amnairi mima-rTuleba da maSin gveqneba namdvili Tavisufleba, maSingaifurCqneba Cveni samSoblo mxare da viqnebiT bednierni~(10, 297-300).

1920 wlis 26 maiss soxumSi cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma

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ambrosim warmosTqva sityva saqarTvelos damoukideblobisdRis aRsaniSnavad:

mogilocavT am did da didmniSvnelovan dRes saqarTve-los ganTavisufleba-gaTviTcnobierebisas, mis damoukidebelsaxelmwifod gamocxadebisas. es dRe sasixaruloa yvelaerTguli mamulisSvilisaTvis; maTTan erTad mSobliuri deda-eklesiac xarobs, vinaiTgan is momxrea Tavisuflebisa, manacbrZoliT moipova es Tavisufleba eris Tavisuflebaze adre;xarobs, rom eklesiuri Tavisufleba daedva safuZvlad sax-elmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebas. es garemoeba gveubneba, romCveni eklesia ar aris Rirsi devnisa, rom is ar arisklerikalobis mimdevari da rom usamarTloba da mavnebeliatrafaretulad mivsdioT safrangeTis magaliTs eklesiasTanurTierTobis damyarebis saqmeSi. CvenSi eklesiis Tavisu-flebas moyva eris Tavisufleba da deda-eklesiac TavisSvilT ugzavnis locva-kurTxevas, ulocavs Tavisufal gan-viTarebis gzas.

saqarTvelos istoria gvimtkicebs, rom eklesiam didiamagi dasdo Cvens samSoblos, ixsna is gadagvareba-ganad-gurebisagan; mravali saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi auarebelmZlavr mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros sarwmunoebaamagrebda da aZlevda simxnes qarTvel ers da es mraval-mowame eri, es iobi xalxTa Soris, gamovida gamarjvebulida Seinaxa Tavisi ena, zne, Cveuleba da erovnuli elferi.esec cotaa, ai, auarebeli simravle monumentalur naSTeb-isa, romelTa garegnuli xuroTmoZRvruli moxazuloba, mec-nierTa sityviT, misula umwvervales ganviTarebamdis. ai,simravle xelTnawerebisa, gonebis nawarmoebebisa, romelTameoxebiT Cven gvicnoben sazRvargareT kulturul winapar-Ta Svilebad. ai, dRes wm. eklesia ixseniebs eqvTime aTonels_ mTargmnels da mwerals XI saukunisas, romlis nawar-moebTa simravle gansacvifrebelia. yvela amas azis beWedisarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri.

es asec unda yofiliyo. Cveni qveyana RvTismSoblis wilx-

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vdomilia da mudamJam ifaravda mas. magram Tqven ityviT,risTvis axla ar gvexmareba deda RvTisa Zveleburado?risTvis mogvaklda misi mfarvelobao?

ara, axlac ara varT moklebuli RvTismSoblis mfarvel-obas da RvTis mowyalebas, magram Cven Cvenis mcire morwmu-neobisa gamo ar vxedavT mas, ar gvinda davinaxoT. moigoneTukanaskneli sami weliwadi. ra saSiSroeba ar moeloda CvenssamSoblos? frontidan dabrunebuli jari gvemuqreba walekiT,magram agvcda, gadavrCiT uvneblad. anarqia da samoqalaqoomma moicva mTeli ruseTi, CvenSi ki, Tumca iyo niadagi,cdilobdnen Sinauri da gareuli mtrebi, man ver moikidafexi; amxedrdnen Cvens winaaRmdeg mezoblebi: osmaleni,somxebi da rusis moxaliseni, magram mogveca Zala; mogvadgadidi grigali bolSevizmisa, magram esec agvcda; bolosaxlac gveomeba sxvisgan zurgmomagrebuli yofili CvenimokavSire saxlemwifo (aderbaiJani), magram sircxvileuliqmneba es moRalatec... visi xeli moqmedebs am SemTxvevaSi?vin gvifaravs?

TviT saTaveSi myofni da pasuxismgebelni politikaSigveubnebian `garemoeba xels gviwyobso~, magram raa es gare-moeba? gana es yvela brma SemTxvevaa? gana masSi ar arisazri da wesrigs ar eqvemdebareba? vin aris am mizanSewoni-lobis, kanonierebis mizezi? vin aZlevs am SemTxveva-gare-moebebs azrs, Tu ara RmerTi. am daskvnamde midis morwmuneadamiani da marTalicaa is.

ieso qristes mowafeni erTxel genisareTis zRvaze naviTmidiodnen; iyo Sua Rames gadacilebuli. amovarda qari, dai-wyo Relva, maT saSiSroeba moelisT, SeSinebulni arian. amdros xedaven zRvis zedapirze modis qriste, maT miiResmoCvenebaT da ufro SeSindnen. qriste macxovarma uTxramaT: `nu geSinisT, me varo~ da damSvidda buneba. axlacCvenTanaa qriste.

rodesac petre ixrCoboda, zRvaSi momaval qristes SesTx-ova: `ufalo, mixsen meo~; man gauwoda xeli da uTxra: `nu

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geSinis, me SenTana varo.~maS, Tavisufalo samSoblov, nu SegeSindeba cxovrebis

talRebis. CvenTan ars RmerTi da rodesac petresaebr SevsTx-ovT mas ùfalo, gvixsen Cveno,~ is gvetyvis: `gamxnevdiT,nu geSinisT, me TqvenTana varo.~ maSin Cven martoni arviqnebiT: Cveni Semwe iqneba RvTismSobeli da qristemacxovari.

maS, movikriboT, aRviWurneT sarwmunoebiT da RvTisadmisasoebiT da amas SeuerToT Tavganwiruli siyvaruli sam-Soblosadmi. maSin mtrebi sircxvileul iqmnebian da Cvenieris Tavisuflebac ganmtkicdeba. maSin Cveni sixaruliciqneba sruli da samaradiso.

ùkeTu RmerTi Cveni kerZo ars, vina ars Zviris myofelCvenda~ (rom. 8, 31). (28, 46).

uWirda eparqias, uWirda eparqiis winamZRols amas adas-turebda cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ambrosis werilisruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sabWos eparqiis gada-rCenis mizniT dafinansebis saCqarod aRdgenis aucileblo-bis Sesaxeb gagzavnili 1920 w. 26 oqtombers.

àger meSvide Tvea Cveni krediti ar gaxsnila. usaxsro-bis gamo iZulebuli Seviqeni kancelariis moxeleni dameTx-ova. me gavxdi mdivani, registratori da gadamweric. amasvundebi da eoarqiaSi siarulze laparakic metia, Tu sakaTa-likoso sabWos nebavs iarsebos soxumis eparqiam da ramekeTdebodes afxazeTSi, saWiroa meti yuradReba da mzrun-veloba am samisionero eparqiisaTvis.

amisTvis xelaxla da ukanasknelad vTxov sakaTalikozosabWos miiRos zomebi, aRgvidges yvela Tveebis kreditebida daCqarebiT.

mitropoliti ambrosi.~ (12, 463).

1921 wlis 14 ianvars cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti am-brosi sityviT gamovida soxumis samxedro razmis mesamewlisTavTan dakavSirebiT:

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1. mamulisSvilno! gilocavT sami wlis Tavs Tqvenis raz-mis arsebobisas. am sami wlis win is iyo jer kidev susti,rogorc axalSobili Cveni mxedroba iyo Cvili, gamoucde-li, magram is moinaTla omebis qarcecxlSi, gaizarda, dava-Jkacda, gaZlierda. is gaxda mamulis imedi, misi medgarimcveli, mterTa mZle.

2. mis gaZlierebas, mis Zlevamosilebas xels uwyobdasarwmunoeba. yovel saqmeSi didia mniSvneloba rwmenisa. issaqme, romlis daZleva swams kacs, dawyebisTanave naxevradgaTavebulia gamarjvebiT. xolo rodesac Cven darwmuneb-ulni varT, rom RmerTi Cven kerZo ars, Cveni damxmarea,maSin mxedrobac uZlevelia. rodesac mamulis dacvas vukav-SirebT sarwmunoebis dacvasac, maSin mxedroba galomebu-lia. am sarwmunoebis da mamulis dacvis miswrafebiT Zlieriyo Zvelad Cveni samSoblo, amiT lomgulobda qarTvelimxedari. es iyo mizezi, rom is advilad igeriebda uTvalavmtrebs, romelnic patara saqarTvelos rkinis rkaliviTgarsSemortymoda da iyo maTTvis saSiSi; amiT Seinaxa manTavisi vinaoba, Tavisi elferi, nacionaluri zne-Cveuleba.

3. didi Temuri, romelic ambobda, rom qveynebis dapyrobaCemTvis aris garToba ageTive, rogorc Wadrakis TamaSi,Temuri, romlis omebs adarebdnen qariSxals yovlis gama-nadgurebels, Caafiqra saqarTvelom. da aTqmevina, man miipy-ro mTeli misi yuradReba.

meore araunaklulesi aRmosavleTis saSiSroeba _ Sahaba-si _ martyofSi...

4. me didi madlobeli var, rom Tqveni razmis Tu aTaseu-lis arsebobis sami wlisTavi daukavSireT sarwmunoebas,rom gaixseneT RmerTi, mas swiravT madlobas. es Cveni mxedro-bis zrdaSi didi sanugeSo movlenaa.

5. ram ixsna saqarTvelo im qariSxalebisagan, romlebmacmas uvneblad Tavs gadauares an, ukeT vsTqvaT, moulod-nelad ganze gauares. am sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tu araRvTis gangebulebam, romelic Cven gveweva. misi SemweobiT

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Cven, viT patara daviTma, vsZlieT goliaTebi (fsalmunni,151, 1-7 _ j. g.).

6. gisurvebT Tqven dRegrZelobas, RvTis mfarvelobas,simxneves da mterTa zeda Zlevas.~ (28, 48).

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals TbilisSi bolSevikuri saokupa-cio jarebi Semovidnen, saqarTvelos damoukidebeli demokra-tiuli respublika fexqveS gaTeles, bolSevikebma Seqmnessaokupacio mmarTveloba saqarTvelos revoluciuri komi-tetis _ revkomis saxiT. maTTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyosaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia. revko-mis 1921 wlis 15 aprilis #22 dekretis me-14, me-15 mux-lebSi naTqvami iyo: `arcerT saeklesio da sarwmunoebrivsazogadoebas ar aqvs ufleba, iqonios sakuTreba. maT araqvT iuridiuli pirovnebis ufleba, saqarTvelos respub-likaSi arsebuli saeklesio da sarwmunoebriv sazogadoeba-Ta mTeli qoneba gamocxadebulia saxalxo kuTvnilebad.~ (13,13). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias Camo-arTves iuridiuli piris statusi. daiwyo saeklesio qoneb-is mitaceba. kidev ufro gausaZlisi gaxda cxum-afxazeTiseparqiaSi saeparqio cxovreba. adgilobrivi separatistuliZalebi axla ukve bolSevikuri ideologiiT Seferilni kidevufro gaafTrebiT utevdnen cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi qarTuliorientaciis Zalebs. meufe ambrosi am rTul viTarebaSicaxerxebda saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis interesebisRirseul dacvas.

1921 wlis 11 ivliss TbilisSi gardaicvala sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresileonide. patriarqi 17 ivliss dakrZales sionis sapatri-arqo taZarSi. sagangebod Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli samociqulo eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdo-ma, romelsac eswrebodnen episkoposebi: pirosi, daviTi, mit-ropoliti nazari, dekanozebi: kalistrate, epifane, naumi.sakaTalikozo sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos

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marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kaTolikos-patri-arqis mosaydred aerCiaT cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti am-brosi. 19 ivliss sagangebo depeSa gaigzavna soxumSi mit-ropolit ambrosis saxelze, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo sakaTa-likozo sabWos gadawyvetileba da mesame saeklesio krebisCatarebis savaraudo TariRi. meufe ambrosim sapasuxo de-peSiT madloba gadauxada sakaTalikozo sabWos ndobisaTvisda dasZina, eparqiaSi Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebis gamoimxanad ver axerxebda TbilisSi Camosvlas. ̀ radganac, rogorcmecnoba saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos kancelariisagan (19ivlisi 1921 w. #1578) morigi kreba daniSnulia gelaTismonasterSi 1 seqtembrisaTvis axali stiliT, me amJamad armimaCnia mizanSewonilad axlave Camosvla TbilisSi, vinaidancxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSic saqmeebi mosawesrigebelia. amis-aTvis agvistos Tvis meore naxevarSi gavemgzavrebi qalaqquTaisSi saeklesio krebaze dasaswrebad, rasac pativisce-miT vacnobeb sakaTalikoso sabWos.~ (3,61).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-same saeklesio kreba Catarda 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers,gelaTSi. krebas eswreboda 212 delegati. krebis prezid-iumi ganisazRvra Semdegi SemadgenlobiT, Tavmjdomare sruli-ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre mitropolitiambrosi, mitropoliti nazari, episkoposi daviTi, moqalaqe-ni: daviT niJaraZe, rafiel ivanicki (ingilo).

samdivno: dekanozebi erasti TuTberiZe, giorgi inaSvili,epifane jaoSvili, naum SavianiZe.

mesame saeklesio kreba gaimarTa qarTveli erisaTvis udide-si gansacdelis Jams, Svidi Tve iyo gasuli bolSevikuriruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciidan. saqarTvelos mar-Tlmadidebeli eklesiis krebas an dumiliT unda aevlo gverdiim urTulesi politikuri da erovnuli problemebisaTvis,romelic axali saokupacio xelisuflebis pirobebSi Seiqm-na, an unda emxilebina misi antierovnuli da antixalxurixasiaTi. saeklesio krebaze gulistkiviliT aRiniSna, Tu

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oficialuri xelisufleba ar gadaxedavda Tavissave dekrets,romliTac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia iuridiu-li statusis armqone organizaciaa, maSin iZulebulni gaxde-bian gamoacxadon marTlmadidebeli eklesia devnilad. saek-lesio krebam mouwoda sasuliero pirebs win aRdgomodnensaero xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis im zraxvebs, romel-ic miznad isaxavda saeklesio ganZis xelyofas. saeklesiokrebam aRniSna saqarTveloSi Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebisJams mxolod mkacri discipliniT, marTlmadideblobis dacviTda erTianobiT SesaZlebeli iyo eklesiis da eris interese-bis dacva.

krebam rekomendacia misca grigol feraZes, raTa igiucxoeTSi gamgzavrebuliyo swavlis gasagrZeleblad.

saeklesio krebam imsjela sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-likos-patriarqis Tanamdebobaze warmodgenili kandidateb-is _ cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ambrosisa da quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropolit nazaris Sesaxeb. faruli kenWisyriTsruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeul iqnacxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ambrosi.

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3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~

1921 wlis 14 oqtombers sveticxovlobas mcxeTaSi Ses-rulda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uw-midesi da unetaresi ambrosis aRsaydreba. es sazeimo dRe ariyo maStaburi, xalxi ukve daTrgunuli iyo saokupacioxelisuflebis mier, arc inteligenciis warmomadgenlebiiyvnen mravlad, samagierod sveticxovlis ezoSi igrZnobo-da bolSevikuri miliciis razmebis simravle, aRarc ucxosaxelmwifoTa misiis warmomadgenlebi, arc sxva marTlma-didebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, erTaderTi yovelTa somex-Ta patriarq-kaTolikosis gevorq V warmomadgeneli mRvde-li xucievi mosuliyo. daiwyo sazeimo wirva. mwirvelniiyvnen: mitropoliti nazari, episkoposebi: pirosi da davi-Ti. Sesrulda patriarqis aRsaydreba, uwmides ambrosis si-tyviT mimarTes: mitropolitma nazarma, episkoposma pirosma.

mrevls, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarTa uwmidesma da un-etaresma ambrosim, romelmac aRniSna: ̀ saqarTvelos eklesi-is mwyemsmTavarno, qarTvel eris moZRvarno samRvdelo dasamonazno pirno da aq Sekrebilno morwmuneno!

uRrmesi gulwrfelobiT aRsavse madlobas gwiravT, rommiiReT Sroma da am saRmrTo wirvaze aRavlineT mxurvalevedreba yovlad mowyale RvTisadmi suli wmidis madlisSemweobis gamosaTxovaT Cemi uRirsebisaTvis!

ra unda vsTqva am CemTvis didmniSvnelovan wamebSi dide-buli sveticxovlis ambionidan, saidanac gaismoda mravalmWevrmetyvel mamadmTavarTa mkveTri sityva. mekargeba ga-beduloba, rodesac am istoriul ambionze vdgevar da rodesacwarmovidgen Cems uRirsebas. mexateba warsuli Cemi cxovre-ba, romelSic me naTlad vxedav RvTis Cems uRirsebaze gange-bulebas, mzrunvelobas, vxedavd, rom xeli uflisa iyo Cemzeda maroninebda im gziT, romelic ara sTnda sulsa Cemsada romelic kacobriul warmodgeniT unda amecilebia Tavidan,romelic ar mindoda sofliur midrekilebaTa da qefic xe-

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lobisa gamo Cemisa. axlac mwams, momiwoda ufalma am didida mZime msaxurebisaTvis, magram ra meTqmis morCilebismeti da am wamebSiac ra Semferis Tu ar dumili.

mociqulebs mouwoda ufalma da isini ara sityvebiT mi-marTaven mas, ara imas scdiloben, rom Tavisi mWevrmetyvelo-biT moawonon vismes Tavi, aramed morCileba-dumiliT stovebenyvelafer da misdeven momwodebels. genisareTis tbaze me-saTxevelni iTvaliswinebdnen ara awmyos, aramed imas, romgaxdebodnen `mesaTxevled kacTa~ (maTe, 4. 10), Semoivlid-nen mTel qveynierebas, sZlevdnen mecnierTa, mefeTa da dide-bulTa ama qveynisaTa, daamxobdnen warmarTobas da qristessaxarebas mianiWebdnen gamarjvebas. miuxedavad amnairi didimomavlis winagrZnobisa, maT irCies dumiliT da sityvismiugeblad misdion qristes mowodebas. miT umetes me arameTqmis ra, rodesac momavalSic veras vxedav, ara vxedav,rom SeviZlo risime sayuradRebos gakeTeba.

an marTlac ra unda vsTqva Cems uRirsebaze? magram amisSesaxeb ukve maqvs naTqvami sxva dros da sxva adgilas da argavimeoreb. mxolod vityvi pavle mociqulTan erTad _ `meuZlurebasa Sina da SiSsa da Zrwolasa~ gaviyofdi TqvensSoris (I korinT. 2,3).

mamaTmTavrobis tvirTis simZimeze? magram vin Cvenganmaar unda icodes simZime da siZnele movaleobis asrulebisa,metadre am autanel dros, rodesac saTaveSi meofni siZul-viliT da mtrulad uyureben eklesias, rodesac urwmunoe-ba garegnulad mainc gamefebula da sircxvilaT miaCniaTTavis sarwmunoebis gamoaSkaraveba. magram vici WeSmaritebamociqulis sityvebisa, rom momwodebeli RmerTia, vinaiTgan`aravin TaviT TvisiT miiRos pativi, aramed romelni wode-bul arian RvTisa mier~ (ebr., 5,4) da rom ̀ yoveli mRvdelmTa-vari, kacTagan moyvanebuli, kacTaTvis dadges igi RvTisamier~ (ibid, 5.1). maSasadame, Cemi uRirsebac, vimeoreb, RvTi-sagan mowodebulia am did Tanamdebobaze da is momcemsZalas xalxisaTvis msaxurebas, vinaiTgan mociquli pavlesTan

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erTad mec meubneba ufali ̀ Zala Cemi uZlurebasa Sina sruliqmnebiso~ (2 korinT. 12,6).

gamovTqva wuxili sarwmunoebis dacemis Sesaxeb CvenSi?magram esec ar unda iyos saWiro. maxsovs, rom Cem winamo-adgilem gansvenebulma leonidem am ambionidan kaTolikozo-baze ayvanis dRes brZana, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oTxivekuTxiv Savi RrubliT aris moculi da swuxda, vai Tu vergavfanto es sabediswero Rrublebio. mdgomareobis unuge-Sobis dasamtkiceblad man msmenelebs miuTiTa am didebultaZris awindel mdgomareobaze da brZanebda, rom sveticx-ovlis taZari ar aris am SemTxvevaSi gamonaklisi. `RvTisasaxli dRes TiTqmis yvelgan pativayrilia, darbeulia, dam-cirebuli da yovelgvarad Seviwrovebulia. samRvdeloebada morwmuneni ganicdian devna-Seuracxebas, qristianobamravalT dausaxavT mospobaT, mokled, dRes TiTqmis yvelaniamxedrebulan Cveni eklesiis winaaRmdeg da misi mdgomareo-ba mogvagonebs ̀ kedelsa midrekilsa da Robesa daswunebul-sao.~ amnairad axasiaTebda gansvenebuli mamaTmTavari Cvenieklesiis mdgomareobas 1919 wels da dasZenda, rom vai Tuver gavakeTo rameo. gadavxedoT eklesiis dRevandel mdgo-mareobas. ras vxedavT axla? vxedavT, rom eklesiis mdgo-mareoba aramc Tu ar gamokeTebula, aramed bevrad ufrogauaresebula, mis garSemo Savi Rrublebi ufro da ufrosabedisweroT gamxdara. risTvis ver SesZlo eklesiur saq-mis ganaxleba-gamokeTeba am didad niWierma da mWevrmetyvel_ patriot mRvdelmTavarma? misTvis, rom mas garemoebaxels ar uwyobda, mis garSemo mWidroT ver SekavSirdneneklesiis keTildReobisaTvis Tavdadebulni morwmuneni. esnaTlad amtkicebs Cemi sityvebis sinamdviles, im sityvebi-sas, romelic warmovsTqvi sionis taZarSi pirvelad Sesv-lis dros, rom Tundac geniosi gvyavdes eklesiur cxovre-bis saTaveSi, veras gaarigebs Tu TviT Segnebul morwmuneTaar gauwies mas daxmareba.

magram Sors Cvengan uimedoba, vinaiTgan warsul ivnis-

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ivlisis soflebis Semovlam cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi dam-arwmuna, rom xalxma piri ibruna sarwmunoebisaken, rom masswyuria sarwmunoebrivi swavla-moZRvrebis mosmena, rom mases sadReiso aucilebel miswrafeba-moTxovnilebad gaxdo-mia, rasac uwin adgili ar hqonda. xalxis am gardaqmnaSi,sarwmunoebisaken piris dabrunebaSi didi Rvawli miuZRvis,nu gagikvirdebaT socialist-propagandistebs, maTi sarwmu-noebis sawinaaRmdego qadagebas, maTgan xalxis wmidaTa wmi-dis Segineba-Selaxvas. diax xalxSi aris sarwmunoeba, isaqamdis daferflili iyo, axla ki TandaTan Rvivdeba. ganaamasve ar gvimtkicebs dRevandeli dResaswauli, es svet-icxovelis Tayvanissacemad mosul morwmuneTa simravle dagana yvela es ar gvarwmunebs, rom Sors unda iyos Cvenganuimedoba.

Cvens uimedobaze RmerTi mogvigebs imaze mets, gvanug-eSebs ufro metad da sagrZnobelad, vinem anugeSa winaswarme-tyveli ilia, rodesac is israelTa urwmunoebisa gamo aqabisdros sasowarkveTilebaSi STavarda. ̀ damitevebies israelisaSvidi aTasi mamakaci, romelTa ara moudriknes muxlni maTnibaals~ (3 mefeTa, 19,18). Tu RmerTma maSin ilias uTxra essityvebi, rom arian kidev Svidi aTasi morwmunenio, axla ismigviTiTebs am sveticxovelis da sxva taZrebis dReobebisdros zRva mlocvelebze, romelTac qedi ar mouxares ax-landel urwmunoebas da uRmerTobis qadagebas.

maSasadame, nu SeZrwundebian gulni Cvenni, vesavTdeTufalsa. dadgeba da moaxloebulic unda iyos is dro, rodesacam morwmune xalxidan gamovlen Cveni eklesiis ganaxleba-aRorZinebis saqmeSi damxmareni da Cven eklesiur cxovrebissaTaveSi myofni ar viqnebiT martoni. amis sabuTs gvaZlevsara amereTi marto, aramed imereTic, sadac xalxi sarwmu-noebrivi saqmeSi kidev ufro gaTviTcnobierebulia. sarwmu-noebriv saqmeSi amer-imerni erTmaneTSi SeTanxmebul-Sekav-Sirebulni arian. am mxriv didebulia dRevandeli dResaswaulisveticxovloba. es aris ara marto dResaswauli taZrisa,

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aramed amer-imerTa gamoxmaureba, maTi mWidrod SekavSirebaerovnulad da eklesiurad, vinaiTgan Cemi uRirseba, arCeu-li caTamobaZav gelaTis TaRebqveS, am xaxulis, awyuris,gelaTis da biWvinTis RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatebissavaneSi, saqarTvelos embazma _ sveticxovelma, dRes loc-va-kurTxeviT mimiRo. bednierad mimaCnia Cemi Tavi, rom imer-ameris kavSiri simbolurad gamoixata Cems arCeva-kurTxevaSi.

dRevandeli Cveni eris mdgomareoba imas gvimtkicebs, romxalxis cxovrebaSi TiTqmis yvelaferi cvalebadia, ar icv-leba mxolod misi sarwmunoebrivi gancda. amisTvis saukeTesomatarebeli da damcveli erovnuli idealebisa aris erovnu-li eklesia. eris politikuri cxovrebis Secvla ar moas-wavebs erovnuli sarwmunoebis Secvlas. politikur rwmena-Si da cxovrebis cvalebadobaSi, sadac xSiraT erovnuliidealebic daviwyebas miecemian, ucvlelia mxolod sarwmu-noebrivi cxovrebis normebi, ris gamoc eklesiaSi erovnu-li ideac samaradiso da Seuryevelia.

xalxi mWidroT ukavSirebs erTmaneTs eklesias da sam-Soblos, vinaiTgan es mTeli Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSiicavda Tavis samSoblos, magram qristes jvarsac xelidanar uSvebda. is sisxls Rvrida sarwmunoebis, samSoblosdacvisaTvis, magram sarwmunoebis dacvaSi xedavda usaTuodmamulis dacvasac. es mas Sesisxlxorcebia, gaxdomia WeS-maritebad da aucilebel moTxovnilebaT. axlac amnairia xalxisfsiqologia da rogor gindaT amoglijoT es xalxis gul-idan. mraval saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi am misi (cxovrebis)Rrmad Cayril saZirkvelze mas auSenebia mkvidri SenobaTavisi erovnuli cxovrebisa da Semecnebisa da rogor gnebavTaxla is saZirkveli gamoucvaloT am diad Senobas da Cau-yaroT axali amave siRrmeSi? mosaxerxebelia gana amnairicda, saZirkvelis gamocvla ar Searyevs TviT Senobas? Tues mosaxerxebelia da saSiSaric ar aris, maSin gkiTxavT, amaxal saZirkvelis gamagrebisaTvis ramdeni saukunis ganuw-yveteli medgari Sromis ganmeorebaa saWiro xalxisaTvis?

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visTvis an risTvis aris es saWiro, sasurveli? ase ityvianisini, vinc xalxs arTmeven sarwmunoebas, erovnul SenobasundaT gamoacalon burji, romelzedac is aSenebulia daCauyaron axali _ internacionalizmis da urwmunoebissaZirkveli, magram fuWi usargeblo da unayofoa amnairicda. erTaderTi Sedegi amisa SesaZlebelia mxolod is iqmnes,rom droebiT SeaCereben xalxis erovnul ganviTarebas.

ai, ras unda Caufiqrdes ara marto eklesiis morwmunewevri, aramed yvela, visac Tavis moRvaweobis miznad dausaxavsCveni eris keTildReobisaTvis zrunva, misTvis samsaxuri.

maS, morwmuneno mamuliSvilno, orive _ eklesiac dasamSobloc, tkbilia, orive wmidaTa wmidaa. SevignoT isto-riuli gakveTilebis Zala, SeviswavloT xalxis mravalsauku-noebrivi cxovrebis nayofi, xalxis fsiqologia da is gvas-wavlis da gvetyvis, rom saWiroa SemovkrbeT erovnulieklesiis garSemo. politikuri mdgomareobis cvalebadobasTannu iqneba cvalebadi Cveni Sexeduleba sarwmunoebaze. vem-saxuroT Tavisufal erovnul eklesias da is mogvcems ZalasSevanaxvioT Cvens xalxs erovnuli saxe da Tavisufleba.erovnuli eklesiis Tavisufleba gulisxmobs erovnul Tavisu-flebasac.

ai, amnairad ara xalxis sazogadod, romelsac instinktadgaxdomia amis Segneba, aramed inteligenciis gadaqmnis molo-dini momcems me Zalas Cemi cxovrebis miwuruli saRamoSevswiro Cveni eklesiis da eris keTildReobas, maT samsax-urs. mxolod am imediT vitvirTe es didi jvari mamamTavro-bisa da Cveni mravaltanjul eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelisa.~(28, 53).

1921 wlis 14 oqtombers aseTi Sinaarsis sityviT mimarT-va qarTveli xalxisadmi gmirobis tolfasi iyo. ra Seicva-la bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi? 1921 wlis 24 martssaqarTvelos saokupacio xelisuflebam, revkomma miiRo gada-wyvetileba damfuZnebeli krebis daTxovnis Sesaxeb. saoku-

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pacio xelisuflebam, Tavis Tavs mianiWa qveynis umaRlesisakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da makontrolebeli funq-cia. 1922 wlis 2 marts miRebul iqna `saqarTvelos sabWo-Ta socialisturi respublikis konstitucia~. 1921-1922wlebSi ̀ okupirebul saqarTveloSi ruseTis msgavsad Camoy-alibda mmarTvelobis totalitaruli sistema. oficialu-rad igi proletariatis diqtaturis saxelmwifo sistemadiwodeboda. Tumca cxadi iyo, rom proletariatis diqtatu-riT iniRbeboda bolSevikebis diqtatura.~ (112, 6). saokupa-cio xelisuflebam saqarTvelo dahyo avtonomiebad, misiistoriuli teritoriis didi nawili gaasxvises somxeTze,azerbaijanze, ruseTze, TurqeTze. ruseTis saokupacio xe-lisuflebis adgilobrivi marionetebi umtkicebdnen qarTv-el xalxs, saqarTvelosTvis ukeTesi iqneboda jer amierkavkasi-is federaciaSi gaerTianeba, xolo Semdeg axali modernize-buli rusuli imperiis ssr kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi Sesv-la. bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam gaafTrebiT Seu-tia qarTul erovnul cnobierebas. daiwyo Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universitetis rbeva. saqarTvelos istoria, qarTuliliteraturis istoria gamocxadda mavne sagnebad. axaliideologiuri dogmebi fexs ver moikidebdnen Tu ar gaaZevebd-nen universitetidan ivane javaxiSvils, dimitri uznaZes,giorgi CubiniSvils, grigol wereTels. xelisuflebisaTvismiuRebeli iyo akademiuri, klasikuri ganaTleba. mas ̀ axaliideebis~ matarebeli axalgazrdoba da wiTeli profesurasWirdeboda. ivane javaxiSvili giorgi xaWapuriZis (peraSk-ovis) SefasebiT _ qarTvel nacionalist istorikosTa xro-vis xelmZRvaneli iyo. qarTuli literatura mravalsauku-novani agiografia, saraindo literatura, didi guramiS-vili, XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba bolSevikuri xe-lisuflebis adgilobrivi lideris filipe maxaraZis Se-fasebiT sruliad miuRebeli iyo. mravalmxriv sayuradReboamisi werili `daniel WonqaZe da misi dro~, sadac avtori-saTvis miuRebeli iyo, rogorc klasikuri qarTuli mwer-

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loba, aseve XX saukunis is mwerlebi, romelnic `naciona-listuri suliskveTebis~ iyvnen. mainc vin iyvnen isini?: k.gamsaxurdia, p. ingoroyva, al. abaSeli, g. tabiZe, cisferyan-welebi. samagierod vis endoboda axali xelisufleba? fri-don narouSvils, valia baxtaZes, sandro euls, SaqronavTluRels sevarti TalakvaZes. saqarTvelos istoriis nacv-lad skolebSi SemoRebul iqna samaqalaqo ganaTleba, klas-Ta brZolis istoriis swavleba. vaxtang gorgasalis, daviTaRmaSeneblis, Tamaris nacvlad moswavleebs azepirebinebd-nen klasTa brZolis istoriis faqtebs. xelisuflebisaTvismiuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesia, sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio dawesebulebebi. sao-cari sizustiT iyo aRwerili Seqmnili viTareba dekanoznikita TalakvaZis CanawerebSi: ̀ RirsSesaniSnavi movlena iyo1921 wlis 9 marts kojris gmirebi (qarTveli iunkrebis)gvamTa gamosveneba mixeilis saavadmyofodan mTeli Tbili-sis samRvdeloebis monawileobiT. gamovasveneT 33 kubo,galobda sami gundi, win migviZRoda jvari Savi droSiT,dagveswro mTeli Tbilisi ganurCevlad erovnebisa. gaimarTaiseTi procesia, romlis msgavsi ar axsovs WaRara Tbiliss,movdiodiT SesaniSnavi discipliniT samxedro taZarSi, (iqsadac dRevandeli parlamentis Senobaa s.v.). sadac maTTvismomzadebuli iyo saflavebi, iq jer kidev menSevikebis qala-qidan gasvlamde davasaflaveT isev am brZolaSi daxocilioficrebi, iunkrebi da jariskacebi _ 15 kubo. amaT maSinwirva gadauxada kaTolikosma leonidma. iqve augeT wesikurTxevans me vkiTxulobdi. noe Jordaniac dagveswro maSinTavisi ministrebiT, axla ki anderZi avugeT ezoSi, saflav-is pirze, zRva xalxiT garSemortymuli, grandiozuli su-raTi iyo, anderZis kurTxevans isev me vkiTxulobdi, xmama-Rla, mkafiod da mwuxarebiT. xalxs Jruanteli uvlida tan-Si, sityvebi ar warmoTqmula gangeb `usityvod~ ufro bev-ri iTqva. bolos saukunod xsenebaze daiCoqa samRvdeloebam,mTelma xalxma, rogorc ezoSi mdgomma, ise galavnis na-

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pirze. Tu saxlebis saxuravebze. gamovida didi demonstra-cia Cveni dedaqalaqis ase veragulad da muxanaTurad rusiarmiis mier daWerisa gamo Cveni ubeduri-ugunuri qarTvelibolSevikebis winamZRolobiT. es sacodavebi jerac veragrZnoben Tu ra umagaliTo RalatSi miiRes monawileoba,romlis msgavsi ar axsovs Cvens istorias, bolSevikebmagayvlifes yvelaferi, saqarTvelos 50 miliardiani kontribu-cia daades... didZali xalxi ixvriteba yovel Rame. bolSe-vikebi kargad Cacmuli-daxurulni mSvenier sasaxleebSi gamoW-imulni yovel dRe-Rame lxinSi atareben dros. Citis rZecki ar akliaT maT da maT ojaxebs... xalxs egona, vinaidanrusis jari Semodis wina dros siiafe da wesrigi iqnebao,magram rodesac rusebi Seesivnen maT sarCo-sabadebels, col-Svils vandaluri simxeciT, axla TavSi xelebs icemen... dResCvens winaaRmdeg SeerTdnen osebi, rusebi, somxebi. somx-ebTan sazRvari lamis navTluRamde movides! alaverdis qarx-nebi da TviT axtalis monasteri dRes somxeTis sazRvreb-Sia, zaqaTala bolSevikebs azerbaijanisaTvis gadauciaT...qalaqi aivso somxebiT, rusebiT... saqarTvelos iRupeba, saWiroasaRi, gaerTianebuli social-politikuri moRvaweoba.~ (14,025995).

am dros saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia angariS-gasawev Zalad rCeboda. moqmedi iyo 1450 eklesia, 25 monas-teri, sadac RvTismsaxurebas eweoda 1600-ze meti kaci.rogor unda moqceuliyo Seqmnil viTarebaSi saqarTvelosmarTlmadidebeli eklesia, misi mmarTveli, uwmidesi daunetaresi ambrosi? gulgrilad ecqiraT saqarTvelos ngre-visaTvis Tu emxilebinaT bolSevikuri xelisuflebis anti-xalxuri xasiaTi? am sakiTxze araerTxel Catarda saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sx-doma. uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi grZnobda, rom du-mili, wayrueba bolSevikuri xelisuflebis moqmedebebzedanaSaulis tolfasi iyo. amitom man itvirTa ra eris winaSearsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis

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yuradRebis mipyroba 1922 wlis 10 aprilidan 19 maisamdeitaliis qalaq genuaSi mimdinare saerTaSoriso konferen-cias mimarTa sagangebo memorandumiT. memorandumis teqstiase iwyeboda: `kulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferen-ciaze warmodgenils mona RvTisa ambrosi, sulieri mwyemsida patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa, qristes mier siy-varuliT moikiTxavs.~ Semdeg patriarqi konferenciis monaw-ileebs mokled mouTxrobda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, mis rolzeqristianul aRmosavleTSi, romelmac 1918 wels aRidginasaxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, magram mcire erTamCagvrelma ruseTma xelmeored daadga kiserze mZime dasamarcxvino monobis uReli. ̀ okupantebi, marTalia lamobenSin da gareT yvelani daarwmunon, rom maT gaaTavisuflesda gaabednieres qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad TavsgrZnobs qarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me, mismasulierma mamam da dResdReobiT erTaderTma namdvilma moZR-varma, romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumaliZafebi da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba.~(16, 5167). patriarqi sinanuliT aRniSnavda, rom is Seufer-ebeli eqsperimentebi, romelsac axla socializmis droSiTnaTlaven, qarTvel ers fizikur gadaSenebamde da gaxrwnam-de miiyvanda, rom idevneboda Cveni didebuli warsuli, ek-lesia, samRvdeloeba ukiduresad devnili da uflebaayriliiyo. uwmidesi ambrosi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisagan moiTx-ovda daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos, raTa moexdinaT zegavlenaruseTze, raTa mas dauyovnebliv gaeyvana saokupacio jarebisaqarTvelos teritoriidan da dacul yofiliyo misi miwa-wyali ucxoel moZaladeTa TareSisagan. `saSualeba miecesqarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautanebliv da ukarnaxoTmoawyos iseTi normebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa,rogoric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebasa daerovnul kulturas Seesabameba.~ (16, 5167).

genuis konferenciaze sabWoTa ruseTis delegaciis xe-lmZRvanels CiCerins surda saerTasoriso sazogadoeba daer-

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wmunebina imaSi, rom TiTqos saqarTvelos mSromelebma sax-alxo revoluciis gziT daamxes menSevikuri mTavroba, romsaqarTvelo suverenuli sabWoTa respublika iyo da amisdasturia Tundac is, rom misi `delegati~ budu mdivani aqimyofeba da hkiTxeT sabWoTa saqarTvelos mSromelTa ganw-yobis Sesaxebo, magram CiCerins aravin daujera. uwmidesiambrosis mamxilebelma sityvam didi STabeWdileba moaxdinakonferenciis monawileebze. saqarTvelos okupaciis TemagaagrZela devnili mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem noe Jordaniam,romelmac ganacxada: `me miviRe depeSa, romelic macnobebs,rom sabWoTa ruseTis saokupacio jarebi awarmoeben saomarmoqmedebebs saqarTvelos provinciebSi svaneTs, leCxumsada raWaSi. am dros me-9 armia igzavneba quTaisidan im mxare-Si, romelmac 1921 wlis miwurulSi gareka bolSevikebi daaRadgina demokratiuli wes-wyobileba. dasavleT saqarTve-los did nawilSi sisxli iRvreba, qveynis sxva nawilebSimdgomareoba ufro da ufro mwvavdeba, mosalodnelia usaS-inlesi katastrofa.~ (8, 71). evropis saxelmwifoTa warmo-madgenlebma guldasmiT moismines saqarTvelos didi satki-vari gacxadebuli misi sulieri winamZRolisa da emigracia-Si gaZevebuli mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier, sityvieri pa-suxi mosTxoves ruseTis sabWoTa respublikis delegacias,magram praqtikulad araferi ar gaakeTes saqarTvelosaTvisrealuri daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT da pirispir martod-marto datoves qarTveli xalxi bolSevikuri saokupacioreJimis winaSe.

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam daiwyo damoukide-blobis ideis matarebeli adamianebis masobrivi dapatimre-ba-daxvretebi. 1922 wels Tbilisis universitetis studen-tebma zeimiT aRniSnes saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocx-adebis wlisTavi, magram mozeime studentTa rigebSi rusijariskacebi SeiWrnen da daiwyo patrioti axalgazrdebisdapatimreba. saokupacio xelisuflebam ieriSi miitana Tbili-sis universitetis profesor-maswavleblebze, studentebze,

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evropuli ganaTlebis adamianebze, saqarTvelos marTlma-didebel samociqulo eklesiaze. patriotoba, samSoblossiyvaruli provinciul CamorCenilobad moinaTla. axaliideologia ver damkvidrdeboda, Tu Zvelis mimdevrebs fiz-ikurad ar gaanadgurebdnen. qarTveli patriotebis beniaCxikviSvilis, valiko juRelis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis, koteabxazis, giorgi ximSiaSvilis, gogita faRavas, konstantineandronikaSvilis, nikoloz qarcivaZis, varden wulukiZis,grigol lorTqifaniZis saxiT mtris xats qmnidnen, xolopatriotebad, revoluciuri ideebisaTvis wamebul adamiane-bad asaRebdnen i. stalins, f. maxaraZes, m. oraxelaSvils, b.mdivans da sxvebs. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi sisxlis gubeebidaayenes, qveyanaSi SiSma daisadgura. uwmidesma ambrosimjer kidev 1921 wlis 18 seqtembers gardacvlil qarTvelpatriotTa sulis mosaxseneblad panaSvidze aRniSna: `mar-Tlmadidebelno Zmano da dano! pirveli mRvdelmsaxurebaCems mier samwysoSi Semxvda am wm. taZarSi, Semxvda dRes,rodesac sruldeba xseneba imaTi, romelnic Seiwirnen msx-verplad CvenTa codvaTaTvis. es aris mizezi, rom Cems pirv-el wirvas daeswro amdeni sazogadoeba. RmerTs eneba, romsamsaxuri damewyo mowyvetil mamuliSvilTaTvis locva-ve-drebis RvTisadmi aRvleniT.

diax, Cven vixsenebT dRes imaT, vinc brZolis velzesisxli daRvares. es Cveni qristianuli movaleobaa, magramvikiTxoT, risTvis daixocnen? ra iyo mizezi maTi udroodam wuTisoflis gamosalmebisa? vityvi gabedulad, rom isi-ni iyvnen msxverplni Cvenis usjuloebisa, Cvenis codvebisada Secdomebisa winaSe RvTisa da mamulisa. es sinamdvilea,vinaiTgan awmyo aris Sedegi sulisa. Cven daviviwyeT Rmer-Ti, sarwmunoeba, saxarebis ukvdavi idealebi, moZmeTa siy-varuli, kaci kacisaTvis Seiqmna mgeli. viZaxiT erToba, siy-varuli da Tanasworobaze da yvela es, Tuma mSvenieri, san-atreli, magram, samwuxarod, Cvens cxovrebaSi jer-jerobiTmxolod carieli sityvebia. ar arsebobs namdvili Zmoba da

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Tanasworoba. amis magier gamefebulia CvenSi Suri, mtrobada siZulvili. Tu gvinda, rom ar meordebodes amnairimov-lenani, erTi romelTaganis mosagoneblad aq varT Sekre-bilni, Cven unda davubrundeT sarwmunoebas, gavataroT,ganvaxorcieloT Cvens cxovrebaSi qristes idealebi Tanas-worobis, Zmobisa da siyvarulisa.

erTgulni mamuliSvilni icaven Tavis samSoblos da aravisSeuZlia, aravis aqvs ufleba, sTqvas, rom isini, vis xsenebasacdRes vasrulebT, ar yofiliyvnen gamsWvalulni mamulissiyvaruliT, misTvis ar daeRvaraT sisxli, vinaiTgan, ueWve-lia, maT amoZravebdaT mamulis dacvis survili. SeiZlebabevrma es ar gaiziaros, magram maT angariSi unda gauwiondaxocilTa sulis vedrebas, maT fsiqologias, maTs rwmenas.

rogorc ginda ar vifiqroT, ra azrisani ar unda viyoT,mainc unda viwamoT, rom maTi sisxli samSoblos miwazedanTxeuli aris wmida, vinaiTgan mas amnairaT hqmnis aramarto is, rasac Cven maTze vfiqrobT, aramed TviT maTisuliskveTeba, romelmac maT misca Zala Tavi gaewiraT.

qarTvelTa eris istoria sisxliT aris dawerili. am is-toriaSi bevri ram aris Camafiqrebeli, cremlebis momgvre-li, magram masSi poeziac bevria. marTalia, samSoblos Tav-gadasavals qarTveli Tvalcremliani igonebs, magram am crem-lebSi ixareba momavlis imedic, poeturi aRmafrena. es arissamwuxaro, magram sixarulis momgvreli cremlebi.

rodesac Cveni istoria gveubneba, rom warsulSi qarTve-li eris cxovreba iyo savse tragizmiT, rom mas rkinisrkaliviT garSemortymodnen auarebelni mterni, mas emuqre-bodnen gadagvareba-CanTqmiT, rom amis saSualebad miaCndaTqristianul sarwmunoebis mospoba, da mahmadis sjulis ZaliTgavrceleba, rom scdilobdnen SeeginebiaT maTi wmidaTa wmida,rasakvirvelia, guli gviwuxs. magram rodesac warmovidgenTCveni winaparTa simxne-simamaces, maTs eklesiis da samSob-los siyvaruls, maTTvis Tavdadebas, rodesac istoria gveub-neba, rom qarTveli midioda mtris mosagerieblad da jibiT

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Tan mihqonda mSobliuri miwa, sikvdilis win miT eziarebo-da da ityoda: `meqmnes me ziarebad samSoblos mtverio,~rom misTvis tkbili iyo sarwmunoebisa da mamulisaTvissikvdili, rom qarTlis deda ara imaze swuxda, rom mamulsda eklesias Svili Seswira, aramed imaze, rom metis Sewirvaver SeiZlo, rodesac yvela amas warmovidgenT, guli six-aruliT gvevseba, vamayobT, gvebadeba momavlis imedi, rom isxalxi, romelsac ase uyvars samSoblo, ar mokvdeba, mas aqvsmomavali.

ai, is sisxlic, romelsac dRes Cven vigonebT, amnairsmniSvnelobisaa; is aris Tavdebi momavali Taobis simxne-mamacobisa, aris maCvenebeli imisa, rom winaparTa suli mam-ulis siyvarulisa, misTvis Tavdadebisa, ar gamqrala CvensxalxSi da, maSasadame, SegviZlia imediT vuyuroT momavals.

dae, maTi xseneba iyos saukuno qarTveli mamulisSvileb-is gulSi, rom amiT maTSi inergebodes is suliskveTeba,romelmac momavalSiac araerTxel unda ixsnas Cveni samSob-lo, Seanaxvinos mas Tavisufleba da sarwmunoeba.~ (28, 52).

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam ar apatia sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmides ambrosis,saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos qarTveli eris kanonieriuflebebis dasacavad xmis amoReba da daiwyo Seteva miswinaaRmdeg. jer sazogadoebis damuSaveba bolSevikurma presamdaiwyo, `bneleTis mociqulebi,~ `sabWoTa xelisuflebisSeuniRbavi mtrebi,~ `burJuaziis laqiebi,~ aseTi saTaure-biT gamoqveynebul werilebSi ras ar abralebdnen qarTvelsamRvdeloebas. genuis konferenciidan Camosulma budu mdi-vanma mTavrobis erT-erT sxdomaze pirdapir ganacxada _kaTolikosis sityvam didi ziani moutana sabWoTa xelisu-flebas. Cveni `Ceka~ ratom ar apatimrebs mas?~ es iyo erT-gvari direqtiva da `Cekac~ siamovnebiT Seudga masalebisSegrovebas, farul TvalTvals. dekanozi nikita TalakvaZemogonebebSi saocari sizustiT aRwers 1922 wlis movle-

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bolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebibolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebibolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebibolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebibolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebiTbilisis quCebSiTbilisis quCebSiTbilisis quCebSiTbilisis quCebSiTbilisis quCebSi

1921 wlis 25 Tebervali1921 wlis 25 Tebervali1921 wlis 25 Tebervali1921 wlis 25 Tebervali1921 wlis 25 Tebervali

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me-3 saeklesio krebis monawilenime-3 saeklesio krebis monawilenime-3 saeklesio krebis monawilenime-3 saeklesio krebis monawilenime-3 saeklesio krebis monawileni1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi

gelaTigelaTigelaTigelaTigelaTi

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mitropoliti nazari (leJava),mitropoliti nazari (leJava),mitropoliti nazari (leJava),mitropoliti nazari (leJava),mitropoliti nazari (leJava),sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)

1921 wlis 14 oqtomberi1921 wlis 14 oqtomberi1921 wlis 14 oqtomberi1921 wlis 14 oqtomberi1921 wlis 14 oqtomberimcxeTamcxeTamcxeTamcxeTamcxeTa

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I rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposiI rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposiI rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposiI rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposiI rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposiioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelosioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelosioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelosioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelosioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTikaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTikaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTikaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTikaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTi(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).

II rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZeII rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZeII rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZeII rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZeII rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZe(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakoni(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakoni(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakoni(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakoni(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakonisiko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,siko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,siko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,siko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,siko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,

mRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZemRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZemRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZemRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZemRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZe1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.

sveticxovelisveticxovelisveticxovelisveticxovelisveticxoveli

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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqiuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosiuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosiuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosiuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosiuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi

1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.1925 w.

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quTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidanquTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidanquTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidanquTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidanquTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidanjvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTvajvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTvajvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTvajvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTvajvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTva

1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.

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dekanozi nikita TalakvaZedekanozi nikita TalakvaZedekanozi nikita TalakvaZedekanozi nikita TalakvaZedekanozi nikita TalakvaZe

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sionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsnasionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsnasionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsnasionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsnasionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsna

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kote afxazikote afxazikote afxazikote afxazikote afxazi1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.1922 w.

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Tbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSiTbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSiTbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSiTbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSiTbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSidakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.dakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.dakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.dakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.dakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.

(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidenciasaqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidenciasaqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidenciasaqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidenciasaqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidencia

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1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis miersaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis miersaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis miersaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis miersaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier

wmindanebad Seracxulniwmindanebad Seracxulniwmindanebad Seracxulniwmindanebad Seracxulniwmindanebad Seracxulni

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quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.1924 w.

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nebs: 13 ivniss `Cekas~ TanamSromlebi sapatriarqo reziden-ciaSi gamocxaddnen da ikiTxes _ sad aris kaTolikosi?kote cincaZe (`Cekas~ Tavmjdomare) ibarebso. uwmidesi am-brosi gamovida Tavisi kabinetidan da waiyvanes, kaToliko-sis `CekaSi~ wayvanis ambavi gaxmianda, saswrafod SeikribasaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-Wo, sadac msjelobdnen rogor moqceuliyvnen Seqmnil vi-TarebaSi. dro gadioda da kaTolikosis Sesaxeb veraferigaiges. bolos miiRes gadawyvetileba sadilis gagzavnisSesaxeb, magram sadili ar miiRes da mimtans gamoucxades,kaTolikosi mesame ganyofilebaSi imyofeboda dakiTxvaze,romelic saRamos 20 saaTamde gagrZeldeboda. gvian saRamoskaTolikos-patriarqi daabrunes.

14 ivniss kvlav Seikriba sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma,romelic gaxsna uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim _ saxeze TiTqos gan-mkrTali iyo, etyoboda, rom erT dReSi didi sulieri tan-jva gamoevlo. rogorc man sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebsuambo `CekaSi~ misi dakiTxva `Cekas~ Tavmjdomares kotecincaZes uwarmoebia, dakiTxvas eswreboda mdivani qalbato-ni, romelic iwerda kaTolikos-patriarqis pasuxebs. ecnobiam amaRelvebel istorias da guli siamayiT gevseba, rogorsulier da fizikur simtkices iCenda eris sulieri winamZRo-li. Cekas ainteresebda patriarqis garda vin iRebda monaw-ileobas genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumisSedgenaSi, `vin amogirCiaT Tqven saqarTvelos opekunad?~uwmidesi ambrosis pasuxi aseTi iyo: `amomirCia gelaTSimowveulma saeklesio krebam, morwmune qarTvelobisaganSemokrebilma, me mosili var iuridiuli da zneobrivi ufle-bebiT, rogorc mamamTavari aRvimaRlo xma, rodesac iseTiviTareba iqmneba, romelSic SeuZlebeli xdeba eris religiur-zneobrivi azris SenarCuneba, rodesac ers erTmeva saSu-aleba Tavisufali moqalaqeobisa.~ kote cincaZem patriarqsganucxada, ratom menSevikebis dros ar imaRlebdiT xmas,

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ratom maT ar ewinaaRmdegebodiTo. uwmidesma ambrosim upa-suxa, miuxedavad imisa, rom isinic urwmunoni iyvnen, maincufro erovnulad iqceodnen da icavdnen imas, razec axlaeklesias mouxda xmis amaRleba. uwmidesma ambrosim sabWoTaxelisufleba daadanaSaula saqarTvelos xelaxal okupacia-Si, rom Tqveni mcdelobis miuxedavad, TiTqos saqarTvelosdamoukidebelia, aSkaraa, mTeli Zalaufleba ̀ osobaoa kavkaskaiaarmiis~ xelSia. uwmidesi ambrosis am sityvebma ̀ Cekas~ Tavmj-domares kote cincaZes wonasworoba daakargvina, man aRelvebiTdaiwyo imis mtkiceba, rom bolSevikurma xelisuflebamsaqarTveloSi Caatara demokratiuli arCevnebi, rom Seqmnaamierkavkasiis damoukidebeli federaciuli respublika, romsaqarTveloSi myofi rusi jari qarTvelebs arafers uSlis,piriqiT icavso. uwmidesma ambrosim bolSevikur marionet-ul qarTul xelisuflebas brali dasdo saqarTveloSi ucxoelementebis momravlebaSi, elementaruli demokratiuliprincipebis ugulebelyofaSi, roca qveyanaSi idevneba gan-sxvavebuli azri, idevneba opoziciuri Jurnal-gazeTebi, romumZimesi viTareba iyo Seqmnili Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetSi. `Cekas~ Tavmjdomarem gulaxdilad uTxra uw-mides ambrosis `Cven revolucias vawarmoebT, proletaria-tis diqtatura gamovacxadeT, warmoebs brZola mowinaaRm-degeebisadmi, yvela Tavisuflebani, rac ki aris, es mxolodCvenTvis gvinda, Tqven da Tqveni dromoWmuli mimdevrebicxovrebidan gariyuli xarT. Tqven vin mogcemT Tavisufle-bas. kote cincaZem Seaxsena uwmides ambrosis Tqven mefisxelisuflebis winaaRmdegobis gamoc yofilxarT gadasaxle-buli, marTalia es minusad ar CageTvlebaT, umaRlesi ga-naTlebac gqoniaT miRebuli, magram nuTu ver xvdebiT, romaxla sxva droa? kote cincaZem uwmides ambrosis mosTxovapasuxebi kiTxvebze: 1. rodis da ramdeni qoneba gazidesrusebma saqarTvelodan. 2. raSi gamoixateba bolSevikebismier saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebis devna? 3. ra vneba moaqvsrusis jaris yofnas saqarTveloSi? dakiTxvis dros ̀ Cekas~

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Tavmjdomare koreqtulad iqceoda, roca dakiTxva daamTavra,wamodga da meore oTaxSi gavida, mdivans gadaulaparaka _manqaniT miacileT Sinamdeo.~ (14, 94-95).

uwmidesi ambrosi dabrunda ra sapatriarqo rezidencia-Si, Seudga im masalebis moZiebas, romelSic aRnusxuliiqneboda bolSevikuri xelisuflebis ukanono qmedebani.xelisuflebas ainteresebda ra masalebs warudgenda saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesia.

bolSevikur xelisuflebaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba warmoiSvaaxal sakavSiro saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos Sesvlis sak-iTxze. i. stalinis, s. orjonikiZis jgufi miiCnevda, romsaqarTvelo amierkavkasiis federaciis meSveobiT unda Se-suliyo sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi, rac isedacSezRuduli suverenitetis kidev ufro SezRudvas niSnav-da, xolo meore jgufi: b. mdivani, k. cincaZe da sxvebiTvlidnen, rom saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi res-publika damoukideblad unda Sesuliyo sabWoTa kavSirisSemdgenlobaSi. es jgufi `nacional-uklonistebad~ moinaT-la da daiwyes maTi devna ̀ Cekas~ Tavmjdomare kote cincaZe,rogorc nacional-uklonisti gadayenebul iqna Tanamdebo-bidan. axalma xelmZRvanelobam kidev ufro Seurigebelipozicia daikava sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqambrosis mimarT. 1922 wlis 2 ivniss sapatriarqo reziden-ciaSi gamocxaddnen Cekistebi, romelTac piradad inaxuleskaTolikos-patriarqi da Caabares sabraldebo oqmi, romel-Sic aRniSnuli iyo. xelisufleba kaTolikoss brals sdeb-da sam danaSaulSi: `provokacia, kontrrevolucioneroba,mTavrobis gabriabrueba. isini imdenad upativcemulod eq-ceodnen patriarqs, rom uwmidesma ambrosim elementarulizrdilobisa da eTikis dacvisaken mouwoda maT.

bolSevikurma xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera ek-lesiis didi devna. 1922 wlis 17 noembers mTavrobis dad-genilebiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CamoarTves reziden-cia. uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-

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kos-patriarqi ambrosi saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis Tavmj-domarisadmi gagzavnil saprotesto werilSi aRniSnavda, romsapatriarqo sasaxle iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis sakuTreba.amave dros moagonebda mTavrobas, rom 1922 wlis #3137dadgenilebiT, centralurma aRmasrulebelma komitetma ar-sebuli Senobebi eklesiis gankargulebaSi gadasca, amis miuxe-davad, `amisTvis 17 noembers, Cems binaSi movidnen Tbilisissabinao ganyofilebis warmomadgenlebi, gazomes igi, Sevid-nen eklesiaSi da TviT sakurTxevelSic qudebiT, miuxedavadCemi warmomadgenlis protestisa, daiwyes Tavis marTlebaimiT, rom sindisis Tavisuflebaao, yovelive gaugebrobisTavidan asacileblad noembris 18, Tqven gaaxeliT delega-cia, sami sapatio pirisagan Semdgari da gTxoveT dagecaviTmosalodneli Seuracxyofisa da usamarTlobisagan.~ (12, 539).xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma arc ki mousmines sakaTa-likoso sabWos delegacias, kaTolikosis sasaxlis dasakave-blad gagzavnil iqna 15 SeiaraRebuli axalgazrda, maT davale-buli hqondaT uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis rezidenci-idan gaZeveba. erT-erTi ucxo tomis axalgazrda kadnieradmiiWra kaTolikosTan da mimarTa, Tqven xarT uflebaayrilipirovneba, Tqven ar gaqvT neba geWiroT es bina, igi CvengvWirdeba komkavSirlebisaTvis, romelTa xuTi wlisTavi aqunda gadavixadoT.~ (12, 539). komkavSireli axalgazrdebiTavxedurad acxadebdnen, rom sasaxlis aveji, qoneba re-kviziciis ZaliT unda waeRoT, xolo kaTolikos-patriarqsdautovebdnen imas, rasac saWirod miiCnevdnen. uwmidesmaambrosim mtkiced ganacxada, rom igi Tavisi nebiT ar da-tovebda Senobas. amasve acnobebda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares:`gTxovT mxedvelobaSi miiRoT, rom bina, romelic me mi-Wiravs aris saqarTvelos morwmune erisgan saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis miCenili bina, romlidanac gas-vla Cemis nebiT mekrZaleba, rom es bina dakavSirebuliaeklesiasTan, aq moTavsebulia Tbilisis saeparqio kancelar-ia, rom am binidan kaTolikos-patriarqis gaZeveba, eklesiis

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moSla da kancelariis gatana gamoiwvevs qarTvel erSi uk-mayofilebas, rasac unda veridoT mec, rogorc qarTvelieris mamamTavari da umaRlesi moZRvari da Tqvenc, rogorcsaqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. eri did-ia Cemzec da Tqvenzec da amis gamo Tqvenc da mec unda xelsvuwyobdeT mis bednierebas, keTildReobas da myudroebas.~(12, 539). bolSevikur xelisuflebas patriarqis Segonebaarafrad uRirda. piriqiT, kidev ufro gaaZliera antire-ligiuri propaganda. presaSi qveyndeboda `muSaTa mowode-bani~ gaesamarTlebinaT `anaforiani intrigebi~, `bneleTismociqulebi,~ `menSevikuri saqarTvelos idealistebi.~ mar-Talia xelisufleba sajarod aRiarebda sindisis Tavisu-flebas, magram provinciebSi, did qalaqebSi adgilobrivibolSevikuri mmarTvelobis dekretebiT auqmebdnen moqmedeklesiebs, aRwerdnen saeklesio qonebas da axdendnen miskonfiskacias. imdenad gausaZlisi viTareba Seiqmna quTaisSi,rom mitropoliti nazari erTxans iZulebuli gaxda eparqiadaetovebina. sasuliero pirebze nadiroba gamocxadda. rogorcuwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi acxadebda: `me ar vewinaaRm-degebi aramorwmuneTa mier morwmuneebTan ideur brZolas,magram Cemi arseba ver Seurigdeba imas, rom religiis winaaRm-degi arasrulwlovanma axalgazrdobam Selaxos moqalaqeTacxra meaTedis rwmna da sindisi, ZaliT daiWiros samlocve-lo saxlebi.~ (12, 539). 1923 wels saqarTveloSi daixura600-ze meti eklesia-monasteri. 1923 wlis 23 noemberssaqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis saxalxokomisariatis mier miRebuli dadgenilebiT. 1. daxurulieklesiebis mTeli saeklesio qoneba gadadioda adgilobriviaRmasrulebeli komitetebis gankargulebaSi. 2. am qonebidanis saeklesio ganZeuloba, romelsac istoriuli mniSvnelo-ba aqvT, dacul iqnas saxalxo ganaTlebis samuzeumo dawese-bulebaSi. 3. danarCeni saeklesio ganZeuloba SeiZleba gamoy-enebul iqnas adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetebis mierglexebis saWiroebisaTvis.~ (7, 41).

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am dadgenilebam provinciel uvic bolSevik aqtivistebsxelfexi gauxsna saeklesio siwmindeTa datacebisa da ganad-gurebisaken. isini oqro-vercxliT moWedil xatebs, barZim-feSxumebs `eklesiebSi tyuil-ubralod dayril oqro-ver-cxls~ uwodebdnen. anadgurebdnen eklesia-monastrebSi daculunikalur xelnawerebs, wignebs. saeklesio metrikul Canaw-erebs. imisaTvis, rom mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan xalxisyuradReba gadaetanaT yvela ubedurebis mizezad eklesia-monastrebi, sasuliero pirebi gamohyavdaT.

xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis aqtivistebi awy-obdnen antireligiur RonisZiebebs. magaliTad, quTaisSisajaro sasamarTlo gaumarTes 735-738 wlebSi murvan yruswinaaRmdeg brZolaSi gmirulad daRupul wm. daviT da wm.konstantines neStebs. ori kviris manZilze maT lanZRavd-nen, rom isini araviTari wmindanebi ar iyvnen da xalxsatyuebdnen. sasamarTlom gamoitana ganaCeni wmida daviT dakonstantines neStebi rionSi unda gadaeyaraT, magram cno-bilma mxareTmcodnem petre Wabukianma moaxerxa maTi muzeumSigadabrZaneba.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da sakaTa-likoso sabWos wevrebi grZnobdnen, rom axlovdeboda maTidapatimrebis dro. 1923 wlis 11 ianvars uwmidesi da une-taresi ambrosi kvlav waiyvanes `CekaSi~ dakiTxvaze. wasv-lis win uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim xeli moaweragankargulebas misi dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelosmarTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis SeqmnisSesaxeb, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna urbneli episkopo-si qristefore (cicqiSvili). represiebis, SiSis miuxeda-vad aTasobiT morwmune Seikriba sionis sapatriarqo taZ-arTan, raTa gaemxnevebinaT misi uwmidesoba. morwmune xalxsSexvda episkoposi qristefore. uwmidesi ambrosi Sinapatim-robaSi Sexvda wmida ninos dResaswauls. qristianobis udide-si dResaswauli aRdgomac SinapatimrobaSi gaatara. 1922wlis 2 ivliss uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi iZulebis

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wesiT gamoasaxles sapatriarqo rezidenciidan. Sinagan saqmeTasaxalxo komisris saxelze gagzavnil werilSi igi werda:`me axla ganvicdi patimrobas da rogorc patimari, Seu-ZliaT wamiyvanon iq, sadac saWiroT dainaxaven, magram, rocaerTmeva bina sakaTalikosos, es eklesiis centralur dawese-bulebaTa gauqmebas udris, amiT periferiebidan dawyebuli,saqarTvelos eklesiis ngreva damTavrdeba eklesiis cen-traluri mTavari sasicocxlo nervis gadaWriT, rac Tumcarasakvirvelia, eklesias da sarwmunoebas ar mospobs, ramde-nadme mainc Seaferxebs misi cxovrebis normalur mimdinar-eobas. es ki vfiqrob, mTavrobis winaganzraxulebaSi ar undaSediodes, radgan, Cemi azriT, es iqneboda mizanSewonili dasargeblobas moklebuli radganac jerjerobiT me aravisa-gan ar var Tanamdebobidan gadayenebuli da mxolod droe-biT, Cemi tyveobis ase Tu ise dasrulebamde Cemi movaleo-bis aRsruleba gadacemuli maqvs sxva mRvdelmTavrisaTvisvaldebulad mimaCnia Cemi Tavi mogmarToT TxovniT, saxli,romlidanac gamomasaxles, darCes saqarTvelos eklesiis gan-kargulebaSi kaTolikosis da sakaTalikoso dawesebulebaTamosaTavseblad, xolo is eklesia, romelic am SenobaSia(igulisxmeboda RvTismSoblis eklesia s.v.). moTavsebulida romelic mSvenivrad aris mowyobili morwmuneTa sulierimoTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad ar iqnes dangreuli anusxva raime sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT Seuferebeli daniS-nulebisaTvis moxmarebuli.~ Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komis-arma werili gadagzavna saqarTvelos komunisturi partiiscentralur komitetSi, sadac centraluri komitetis mdi-vanma mixeil kaxianma aseTi rezolucia daado `uari eTqvas,saerTod ki vfiqrob, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisar-iatma srulebiT arc unda miiRos gancxadebani iseT pirTa-gan, rogorc aris kaTalikosi ambrosi.~ (12, 166)

xelisuflebas arafris gagoneba ar surda. jer kidev1922 wlis 23 ivliss daluqes sapatriarqo rezidencia,kaTolikosis samuSao oTaxebi. 6 ivliss Sedgenili aqti

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ityobineboda: `me qvemore xelis momwerma n. gogiSvilma, qTbilisis aRmaskomis muSaTa da glexTa inspeqciis revizor-ma sabinao ganyofilebis gamge d. doliZisa da saxlebissammarTvelos TanamSromlis a. galamianis TandaswrebiT gavx-seniT kaTolikos ambrosis kuTvnili salaro, sadac aRmoCn-da Semdegi nivTebi: vercxli, jvrebi, yelsakidi, panaRiebi,rac woniT 1 girvanqa da 83 misxalia.~ (12, 1519). sapatri-arqodan waiRes rogorc saeklesio, aseve saero daniSnulebisnivTebi. gadaarCies isini, zogi daitaces, zogic gayides. xmagaavrceles TiTqos patriarqma ambrosim gadamala nivTebio.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo rezidencia aRar hqonda patri-arqs, mas yoveldRe ̀ CekaSi~ dakiTxvebze ibarebdnen da bralssdebdnen qarTveli eris interesebis RalatSi.

1923 wlis 12 ianvars saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komi-siam `Cekam~ miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebis dapatim-rebis Sesaxeb. imave dRes dapatimrebul iqnen: sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresiambrosi, quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava), qaSueTiseklesiis winamZRvari dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe), didubiseklesiis dekanozi iosebi (mirianaSvili), qaSueTis eklesi-is diakoni dimitri (lazariSvili), mcxeTis sveticxovliswinamZRvari arqimandriti pavle (jafariZe), veris eklesiiswinamZRvari antoni (ToTibaZe), sionis eklesiis winamZRvarimarkozi (tyemalaZe), nikoloz arjevaniZe, nikoloz Tavdgi-riZe. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia umZimes mdgo-mareobaSi aRmoCnda. bolSevikurma xelisuflebam Tavisimzakvruli gegmis ganxorcieleba daiwyo. mas surda saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sruli mospoba. TbilisSimetexis cixeSi umZimes pirobebSi, viTarca avazakni ise Se-hyares eris sulieri winamZRolebi, is adamianebi, romelTacxma aRimaRles bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis mierCadenil ukanonobaTa winaaRmdeg. rogori mZime wlebi argadautania qarTvelobas saukuneTa manZilze, magram is rac

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1921-1924 wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi datrialda, amis msgavsiar axsovda istorias. qarTvel patriotebs daundoblad anad-gurebdnen, angrevdnen eklesia-monastrebs da internaciona-lizmis droSiT amcrobdnen da aqucmacebdnen saqarTvelos.saqarTveloSi qarTvelis garda yvela kargad grZnobda Tavs.qarTvel bolSevikebs moskoveli batonebis winaSe rom TavimoewonebinaT TavianT moqmedebebSi Seubralebloba, sisas-tike da araerovnulobis demonstrireba unda moexdinaT daasec iqceodnen.

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4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ 4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ 4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ 4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ 4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam sakaTalikozosabWos wevrebis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-arqis dapatimrebiT niSani misca saqarTvelos sxvadasxvaprovinciebis partiul aqtivistebs gaeZlierebinaT antire-ligiuri brZola. 1924 wels Tbilisis mazraSi daiketa 48,quTaisis mazraSi 160, Sorapnis mazraSi, 148, ozurgeTismazraSi 130, raWa-leCxumSi 255, goris mazraSi 78, zugdi-dis mazraSi 75, siRnaRis mazraSi 65, cxinvalis zonaSi 60eklesia-monasteri. mazrebSi didi zar-zeimiT tardebodaantireligiuri konferenciebi, sadac sasuliero pirebs ai-Zulebdnen daegmoT qristianuli sarwmunoeba, sajarod moe-naniebinaT TavianTi `Secdomebi~. moZRvris gareSe darCenileklesiebSi daculi xelnawerebi, xatebi, saeklesio siw-mindeebi iZarcveboda. saarqivo masalebidan irkveva ra bar-barosuli meTodebiT tardeboda antireligiuri RonisZie-bani. 1923 wels xonis wmida giorgis xati daamtvries aR-maskomis Tavmjdomarem nadareiSvilma, partkomis instruq-torma xubuam. senakis raion sof. salxinoSi tradiciuliqristianuli wesiT dakrZaluli micvalebulebi amoasvenesda wiTeli droSebisa da revoluciuri simRerebis sasuleorkestris TanxlebiT gadaasvenes komunistur sasaflaoze.eklesiebidan gamohqondaT wminda nawilebi da agizgizebulkoconze wvavdnen.

aseTi gaugonari mkrexelobani mosaxleobis didi nawilisaRSfoTebas iwvevda. am viTarebaSi bolSevikurma xelisu-flebam taqtikuri mosazrebiT ukan daixia, miiRo sagangebodadgenileba ̀ religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesax-eb,~ romlis Tanaxmadac, Tu 300-mde xelmowera Segrovde-boda administraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesia kvlav gaix-sneboda. 1924 wlisaTvis 1000-mde eklesia iyo daxuruli.erTi ori daxuruli eklesiis kvlav gaReba saerTo umZimessuraTs ver cvlida.

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1924 wlis 10 martidan 19 martis CaTvliT naZaladevis muSa-Ta TeatrSi (amJamad im adgilze kinoTeatri `saqarTveloa s.v.)mimdinareobda sasamarTlo procesi. ukiduresi cinizmi Sei-Zleba uwodo imas, rom bolSevikuri xelisufleba saqarTve-los saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi Tavisu-flebisaTvis mebrZol sasuliero pirebs, rogorc `samSob-los moRalateebs~ ase asamarTlebda. darbazSi mobilize-bul iqna egzaltirebuli muSebi, proletkultelebiromelnic skandirebdnen `Zirs kontrrevolucia,~ `samSob-los moRalateebi,~ anaforiani agentebi.~

bolSevikur gazeTebSi: `muSaSi~, `komunistSi~, pirvelgverdebze iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-qis uwmidesi ambrosis, dapatimrebuli sakaTalikoso sabWoswevrebis karikaturebi. samSoblosa da saqarTvelos marTl-madidebeli eklesiis patriotebs sasamarTlos darbazSi aruSvebdnen. istoriam Semogvinaxa am samarcxvino sasamarTloprocesis monawileTa vinaoba. sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare g.CxeiZe, wevrebi: g. rTveliZe, v. wivwivaZe, sazogadoebrivibralmdeblebi: orzumeliani, gumbrievi, oqoiani, varlamiani.saxelmwifo bralmdebeli: al. erqomaiSvili, mdivani, abake-lia, winaswar gadawyvetili ganaCenis miuxedavad uwmidesida unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqambrosisa da sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebis dacva maincikisres advokatebma k. niniZem, a. guncaZem, d. dadianma, v.yanCelma, q. qavTaraZem. bolSevikur presaSi, SromiTi koleq-tivebis saerTo krebaze miRebuli aseTi Sinaarsis rezolu-ciebi ibeWdeboda. `Cven mTavari saxelosnos muSebi moviTx-ovT, raTa Savi yornebi konrrevoluciisa dasjili iqnanumaRlesi sasjeliT da is menSevik-socialistebi, romlebicmaT icaven, moTavsebul iqnan sabralmdeblo skamze.~ (17).sasamarTlos sxdomis yoveli dRe iwyeboda `gansasjelTa~advokatebis SantaJiTa da lanZRviT, rogor bedavT am avaza-ki, moRalate mRvdlebis dacvas? sabWoTa wyobilebas arcTqven sWirdebiT da arc Tqveni moRalate mRvdelni. qarTve-

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li xalxis saxeliT uwmides kaTolikoss brals sdebdnenoqoiani, orzumiani, varlamiani. amaze meti ubedureba raSeiZleba momxdariyo?mainc ras amtkicebdnen isini? `maSin,roca sabWoTa kavSiri SimSilis brWyalebSi gamomwyvdeulisuls Rafavda. samRvdeloeba qvebiTa da ketebiT uZaliande-boda sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebsacdavalebuli hqondaT eklesiebSi Tavmoyrili saganZuris gamo-tana. samRvdeloebas ar surda, rom tyuilubralod eklesiebSidayrili oqro-vercxlis magivrad mSieri xalxisaTvis purieyidaT.~ (17). saeklesio siwmindeni, wmida xatebi am uti-fari, umecari gadamTielebisaTvis ùbralo oqro-vercxliiyo.~ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ar hqon-da Turme imis ufleba, rom qarTveli xalxis saxeliT ela-paraka, da es SeeZloT maT, patriarqis da sakaTalikososabWos wevrebis dasjas moiTxovdnen: sapon-zeTis, safeiqro,xe-tyis, rkinigzis me-6 salandago depos muSebi. miuxedavadyovelive amisa xelisuflebam sulierad ver gatexa qarTu-li eklesiis mesaWe da sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi. sasa-marTlos sxdomebis paralelurad bolSevikur presaSi SaqronavTluReli, gigo xeCuaSvili dascinodnen uwmidessa daunetares ambrosis, sakaTalikozo sabWos dapatimrebulwevrebs.

àq zis avtori memorandumis,genuis krebis Semvedrebeli,rom `kreba~ erTxmad daxmarebodada `wamebisagan~ daexsna eri~...gigo xeCuaSvili ki dacinviT ambobda.èse arian `sulis mamani~braldebulebis skamze msxdomelni,moRalateTagan pasuxs moiTxovsdRes bralmdebeli xalxi mSobeli.~momavali TaobebisaTvis sulieri simtkicisa da Tavdade-

bis saukeTeso magaliTia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosi xelaias sab-

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oloo sityva, romelic man warmoTqva sasamarTlo procesze.misi azriT, braldeba, romelic xelisuflebis warmomadgen-lebma wauyenes araswori iyo. xelisufleba sakaTalikososabWos edaveba saeklesio qonebis damalvis, genuis konfer-enciaze kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeliT gagzavnil memoran-dumze ̀ kontrrevolucionerobaze,~ uwmidesi ambrosis azriT,xelisuflebis romeli forma iqneba saqarTveloSi amis ganx-ilva eklesiis saqme r aris, magram mas sasurvelad miaCniamarTva-gamgeoba qveynisa damyarebul iyos xalxis nebisyo-faze da TviTgamorkvevaze.~ (19, 1988). misi azriT, qarTvelkomunistebs `revoluciuri interesebidan~ gamomdinare,saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ar miaCndaT saWirod. mis uw-midesobas mohyavda. gaz. `muSaSi~ gamoqveynebuli bolSe-vikebis dacinva saqarTvelos damoukideblobisadmi. `Tavis-ufali damoukidebeli, neitraluri zurna.~ misi uwmideso-bis azriT, Tu qarTveli komunistebi saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis momxreni arian, maSin mas asamarTlebs ruseTis xe-lisufleba, radgan memorandumis Tanaxmad igi icavda saqarTve-los saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Tavisuflebas, Tumcaromel Tavisuflebaze SeiZleba saubari, roca idevneba qarTu-li ena, roca saqarTvelo daaqucmaces avtonomiebad, rocadevna-Seviwroebas ganicdian qarTveli patriotebi, devnil-ia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, sasuliero pire-bi. `istoria gvimtkicebs _ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba _rom devniloba uZluria mospos sarwmunoeba... igi aris xalxissulieri moTxovnileba. devniloba am moTxovnilebebs kidevufro aZlierebs, is Rrmavdeba, ikumSeba da gubdeba da amox-eTqavs gaZlierebulis ZaliT.~ (19, 1988). uwmidesma ambro-sim upasuxa orzumelianebis, oqoevebisa da varlamianebis`braldebas.~ TiTqos genuis konferenciaze memorandumisgagzavniT, sakaTalikoso sabWom, uwmidesma kaTolikosma ga-daimteres qarTveli eri. misi azriT, qarTveli xalxisaTvis,visTvisac Zvirfasia samSoblo, ar SeiZleba sulerTi iyomisi momavali. ̀ Tu me vicavdi Cveni eris Tavisuflebas, amis

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uflebas maZlevda Cveni sarwmunoebrivi moZRvreba _ acxa-debda uwmidesi ambrosi _ Tu me xma amoviRe ruseTisdidmpyrobelobis sawinaaRmdegod, didmpyrobelobis, anoma-liis winaaRmdeg brZolas gvirCevs erTi Cveni umaRlesixelisufalTagani. (igulisxmeba v. lenini). Tu xelisuflebaaRiarebs erTa TviTgamorkvevas, gafarToebuls politikuradgamoyofamdis, maSin ver gamigia, risTvis unda CamomerTvasdanaSaulad eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacva, didmpy-robelobis dasagmobad xmis amoReba... me Sevasrule Cemimovaleoba da rogoris TvaliT Sexedavs uzenaesi sasamarT-lo Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dacvis saqmes, amas dag-vanaxebs is ganaCeni, romelic gamotanil iqneba... yovel SemTx-vevaSi, rogorc Cvens winaprebs tkbilad miaCndaT samSob-losa da sarwmunoebisaTvis tanjvis miReba, agreTve CemTvistkbili iqneba is sasjeli, romelsac momisjis uzenaesisasamarTlo mSobliuri eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebisdacvis mizniT xmis amoRebisaTvis. es iqneba dagvirgvineba imjvrisa, romelic Cemgan natvirTia da vatareb Cemi cxovre-bis TiTqmis 37 wlis ganmavlobaSi Cemgan erovnuli inter-esebis dasacavad amaRlebuli xma da msjavri, romelsacmomisjis uzenaesi samsjavro, monaxaven Tavis adgils yove-lis qarTvelis gulSi, im qarTvelisa, romelsac jer kidevar daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSoblos siyvaruli. amiTacbednierad CavTvli Cem Tavs, rogorc morwmune vityvi, iyosneba RvTisa da mogmarTavT qristes sityvebiT: ̀ asulno ieru-salimisano, nu stiriT Cem zeda, aramed TavTa TqvenTa stiro-deT da SvilTa TquenTa.~ (19, 162). uwmidesi ambrosi grZnobda,rom misi es sityvebi urwmuno sasamarTlos wevrebisaTvisarafers ar niSnavda, magram igi iyo gamxneveba aTasobiTpatrioti qarTvelisa, romelTa erovnuli sulis Cakvlascdilobdnen bolSevikebi.

1924 wlis 19 marts saRamos 8 saaTze bolSevikurmasasamarTlom gamoitana samarcxvino ganaCeni: `kaTolikosambrosis _ igive besarion xelaias _ dapatimreba 7 wliT da

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9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebisCamorTmeviT, iason kapanaZes dauswreblad (radgan gaqceuliiyo sazRvargareT s. v.) 9 wliT sastiki izolaciiT damTeli qonebis CamorTmeviT. kalistrate cincaZes _ 3 wliTda 9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebiskonfiskaciiT, markoz tyemalaZes 9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastikiizolaciiT da mTeli qonebis CamorTmeviT, ioseb mirianaSvi-lis 9 TviT da 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT.

samSoblosa da sarwmunoebis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolnimetexis cixeSi gagzavnes. bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mcde-lobis miuxedavad warmoeCinaT rogorc moRalateni, qarTve-li sasuliero pirebi samSoblosaTvis wamebul gmirebadSeracxes. 1924 wlis erovnuli ajanyebis monawile elizbarmayaSvili werda: ̀ oh, metexo, rogor damaviwydebi! es mZime,moRuSuli da dardiani cixe dRes saqarTvelos dedaqalaqadgadaqceula, qarTvel mamuliSvilT aq mouyriaT Tavi. pro-fesorebi da eqimebi, mkvlevarni da veqilni, qarTveli stu-dentoba, samRvdeloeba _ Cveni spetaki da wamebuli moxucikaTalikosis, ambrosis meTaurobiT.~ Saqro navTluRelisada misi msgavsi aramzadebisagan gansxvavebiT daviT kopal-eiSvils aseTi striqonebi miuZRvnia tanjuli qveynis tan-juli patriarqisaTvis:

`mZimed gaiRo cixis karebi,viT qandakeba marmarilosiSemoabrZanes cixe metexSitanjul qarTlosis kaTalikosi.ver Seegebnen Caketil iyvnen:poeti, muSa, eqimi, dendi,verca moxuci, TeTri nazari,verc paritetis tyve prezidenti.Cekas daxuTul bnel-civ sardafSi,sadac budea gvel-bayay-xvlikis,itanjeboda mtarvalTa xelSi.eris ministri, iq, xomeriki,

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kacsa guladsa, kacsa foladsa,tanjva enaxa noes, mravali,ucdida Tvis beds Seudrekeli,orTqmavalisa qveSe mavali.tanjvisa gvirgvins Tavze atarebsCveni mcxovani mama ambrosimetexis karebs erTad gagviRebsxomeriki da kaTalikosi.~emigrantma qarTvelma poetma giorgi yifianma `levilis

mzes~ samSoblos, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambro-sis ase mimarTa:

`vficav lodze nagrex suros,levilis mzes Tvalcremlians,sadac jvrebi gardasulTa,cocxlebiviT gvicqerian...vficav droSas samjer kocniT,saqarTvelos didebis dRes,samTaferis caSi frials,ocdaeqvsi maisis mzes.prezidentis moxuc saxes,damarcxebul qarTlosis jars,yelgamoWril patriarqebs,kaTalikos ambrosis jvars.vficav-vficav aqac-iqac.guls SigniT da sulis Ziras,saflavSiac rom davicavxalxis sisxliT nakurTx miwas! (2, 60-41).bolSevikurma xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera

represiebi. 1924 wlis agvistoSi qarTveli xalxis saukeTe-so Svilebis mier mowyobil erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelbrZolas daundobeli xocva-JletiT upasuxa. saqarTvelosyvela kuTxeSi sisxlis wvimebi daayena. gausamarTlebladxocavdnen yvela eWvmitanils. kote afxazis ukanasknelisityvebi iyo jalaTebisadmi mimarTuli: `getyobaT, rom

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gakvirvebT Cveni sulis simtkice, me vkvdebi sixaruliT,radgan Rirsi gavxdi samSoblos samsxverploze zvarakadsicoclis mitanisa.~ (babo dadiani).

gaanadgures qarTuli inteligencia, sazogadoebis aris-tokratiuli nawili, 1924 wlis agvistoSi e.w. `sameulis~gadawyvetilebiT quTaisSi daxvrites: mitropoliti nazari(leJava), mRvdeli germane jajaniZe, mRvdeli ioreTeoz ni-kolaZe, mRvdeli simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion kuxian-iZe. bolSevikuri xelisuflebis es sisastike axsnil iqnaimiT, rom TiTqos xsenebuli sasuliero pirni eweodnenantisabWoTa propagandas. sinamdvileSi quTaTeli mitro-politi nazari sasuliero pirebTan erTad Cavida quTaisismazris sof. rodinoulSi eklesiis kurTxevaze, magram isinidapatimrebul iqnen adgilobrivi TemsabWos Tavmjdomarismier.

`1924 wels, agvistos 3 dResa, me, sviris raionuli aR-masrulebeli komitetis prezidiumis wevrma amberki ju-Relma, Sevadgine oqmi ese Semdegzed:

2 ama agvistos RamiT viRac ucnobi piris mier gadmomeca`baraTi~, sadac igulisxmeboda, rom amave raionis sofelrodinaulSid kerZo ojaxSi moeyaraT Tavi mRvdlebs daraRac SemCneviTi moqmedebas eweodnen farTo agitaciurisaxiT, risTvisac saWiroT vscani, gamegzavna milicia damomeyvana aRniSnuli pirebi maTi movaleobisa da vinaobisgamosarkvevaT, rac im wamsve iqna Sesrulebuli da aRniSnu-li mRvdlebi iqna Cems winaSe warmodgenili krebis Sinaar-sis da mRvdlebis moqmedebis mcodne pirebTan erTad 3agvistos, razedac saWiroT mimaCnia iqnas dakiTxuli Si-naarsis mcodne pirebi da Sedges oqmi ese zemoT naCvenebmRvdlebzed.

amave ricxvs saqmis daskvnamdi misaRwevad dakiTxul iqnaCems mier davalebiT gagzavnili raimiliciis umfrosi Tan-amSromeli amx. barnaba gedevanis Ze maRlakeliZe, mcxovrebisofel rodinoulSi, romelmac aCvena Semdegi:

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pirvel yovlisad, rom me gamego, Tu sad iyo aseTi darom gzas ar avcdomodi, mivmarTe adgilobriv sabWos Tavmj-domares, romelic vnaxe Tavis samarTveloSi, romelsac esgaremoeba ukve gaego da alagic miCvena, Tu sad iyvnen mRvdlebiTav Seyrili, romelic im wamsve CemTan erTad wamovida damRvdlebi aRmoCndnen rodinaulis Temis mcxovrebis maTeCubiniZisas. Cven rom erTad davrwmunebuliyaviT maT saerTosjabaasSid da gagvego, Tu vin an da ra pirebi iyvnen Tavmoyrilni, amisaTvis winaswar ganvizraxeT CumaT misvla, racmarTlac SevsZeliT da daugdeT yuri maT msjelobas. srulebi-Tac gamourkveveli iyo CvenTvis, Tu vin iyvnen es uka-nasknelebi da roca mivayureT, gavigoneT Semdegi: komunis-turi partia aris masis damRupveli, romelic ukargavs mTelkacobriobas sarwmunoebas da abrmavebs maTo. umetes nawi-laT moixseniebdnen partiis liderebs zizRiT. am saerTokamaTTan iyo irgvliv Semortymuli Temis momwifebuli masa.bevri raime sawinaaRmdegos qonda alagi maTi laparakiT dabevric SeiZlebiyo iqve aewera kacs, magram Cvenc veRarviqonieT moTmineba, risTvisac movsTxoveT ojaxis ufroskarebis gaReba, rac iqna Sesrulebuli. Cveni Sesvlis drosnawili xalxisa da erTic, sviris Temis mcxovrebi mRvdelikirile boWoriSvili gaipara da nawili ki darCa. yvelaniisxdnen magidis irgvliv. Cven misvlas darCenil pirebzedaraviTari zegavlena ar mouxTenia, piriqiT, dagviwyes Se-kiTxva, Tu razed mosulxarTo, risTvisac me maT ganumcx-ade Cemi Tana msaxureba da amave dros movsTxove maT davalebisda piradobis mandatebi, romlebmac es ironiiT miiRes damomTxoves me, piriqiT, mandati. me am dros maT wavakiTxe,Tu visi davalebiT da an ra saqmisTvis viyavi wasuli. pirv-el rigSid gamomicxades kategoriuli uari da roca me maTkvlav mivmarTe, dammorCileboden, am dros nawili mRvdleb-isa gaxTa Tanaxma, nawilma ki uari sTqves, magram aseTi maTerTmaneTSid TviTonve gamoaswores. roca me gareT gamove-di, iqve vnaxe ojaxis mandilosani, romelmac Cemi SekiTxis

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Semdeg, Tu raT an da ra saWiroebas warmoadgenda es mRvdlebi,man mipasuxa: magaT axlavT kidev mitropoliti, romelic amwamsve daswva kerZo oTaxSido. me am dros vsTxove mRvdlebs,gamoeyvanaT aseTi, magram maT kategoriuli uariT mipasuxes.TviT ojaxis deda kacsac vsTxove, gamoeyvana, magram manacuari miTxra. Semdeg me uTxari milicioners, romelic memaxTa, gamoeyvanaT es ukanaskneli, magram araviTari damor-Cileba ar iqonia mitropolitma, ris Semdeg isev me mom-marTes da Semdeg me wavedi. sabWos Tavmjdomaris TandaswrebiTroca Sevedi oTaxSid, mitropolitma mogvsTxova mandati.mec aseTi survili misi avasrule da uCvene mandatic da isdavalebac, romlis ZaliTac me viyavi wasuli, magram maszedCemma sabuTebma araviTari gavlena ar iqonia da, piriqiT,momsTxova, gameTavisuflebia misi oTaxi da ganizraxa iseTimoqceva uSveris eniT da arsebuli mTavrobis sawinaaRmde-goT, romelsac TviTon grZnobda, viTomc Cven SevecdebodiTda xeliT SevexebodiT, magram Cven aseTSid Tavi SevikaveTda isev xverwniT movsTxoveT maT, amdgariyo da CvenTanwamosuliyvnen maTi vinaobis gamosarkvevaT. aseTma Cvenmalmobierma moqcevam mas aamaRlebia xma da dagviwyo kvlavSemdegi sityvebis Zaxili: Tqven, komunistebo, qveynis dam-aqcevari xarT, Tqven daaqcieT sarwmunoeba da saqarTvelo.Tqveni WuWyiani xeli ar momakaroT, Tqven xarT gandevnilikacobriobisagano da aseTi sazizRari sityvebiT ganagrZob-da Tavisas, ramac gamogviyvana saerTo moTminebidan da Tanacufro gaamwvava CvenSid maszed mitanili eWvianoba, risTvisacme mivmarTe CemTan mxleb milicioners, raTa aeyvana xeliTda gamoeyvana gareT. es Sesrulebul iqna. magram gamoyvanisdros mTeli mRvdlebi, ricxviT 9 kaci, amxedrden CemssawinaaRmdeg. am dros me mas Tavi davanebe da es mRvdlebiwamoviyvane sabWos sammarTveloSid. am dros me moviwvieasisTavebi da ocisTavebi, risTvisac me mindoda es mRvdle-bi maTTvis gamometanebia da erTi milicionerTagani svirissadgurzed aRmaskomis sammarTveloSid. am dros mTeli

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mRvdlebi abuntden da Seqmnes xmauri saerTo `panikis~ ga-mosawvevaT da nawili glexebsac mouwodebden, amxedrebu-liyvnen Cvens sawinaaRmdegoT. xalxi marTlac mogrovda,magram ramodenime Segnebuli glexebis saSvalebiT Sevs-ZeliT maTi damSvideba, e. i. mosuli glexebis da iqidanwasvlac. da radgan mRvdlebmac darwmunden, rom mosuliglexoba maT araviTar Svelasa da daxmarebas ar uwevden,Semdeg amisad damTanxmden da wamomyven sammarTveloSid.roca eseni gamovgzavne, me da sabWos Tavmjdomarem kvlavmivmarTeT darCenil mRvdels. rac Seexeba, Cven ar vi-codiT, Tu vin iyo is, mRvdeli iyo, Tu sxva vinme, radganTviTon ar gvacnobda aseTs. Cvenma masTan misvlam ufrofarToT mlanZRveli xasiaTi miiRo, rogorc Cvenzed pira-daT, umetesad arsebuli mTavrobis sawinaaRmdegoT, ris Semdegiqna saxlidan gamoyvanili wesierad da iqve mdgom uremzeddavsviT, magram man aras didebiT ar gaCerda uremzed,risTvisac kvlav gaiZaxoda _ me var ieso qriste nazareTe-li da unda tanjuli Seviqne WuWyiani mTavrobis xeliTo.imdenaT iqna xma amaRlebuli, rom moiTxovda Svelas, magramCvenis iqidan misi wamoyvanis saSvalebaT gaxTa uremi, rom-liTac CamoviyvaneT sammarTveloSid. gzaSid did Zali lan-ZRva ganagrZo, magram Cven mas vagonebdiT, rom Cven viyaviTsabWoTa mosamsaxureebi da ara jalaTebi, is mainc TavisasganagrZonda.~ (32, 7-12).

19 agvistos quTaisis mazris politbiuros pasuxismgebe-li rwmunebulis TanaSemwes Sonias aseTi dadgenileba gamou-tania: `me quTaisis mazris p/b pasuxismgebelma TanaSemwemSoniam, ganvixile ra saqme # 590 braldebis gamo quTaTelimitropolitis nazir leJavasi, diakon besarion kuxianiZis,mRvdel germane jajaniZis, simon mWedliZis, nikolaZis,polievqtos vardosaniZis, es ukanaskneli daxvretas gada-arCina Tavisma yofilma naTlulma (e.w. troikas erT-erTmawevrmas.v.). sviris Temis rodinoulis adgilobrivi xelisu-flebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis gamo

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davadgine: isini eweodnen kontrrevoluciur saqmianobas mi-marTuli sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg.~ aseTi SeTiTx-nili braldebis msxverpli gaxda sasuliero pirTa es jgufi.STamomavlobisaTvis daikarga maTi saflavebic. simbolurades SeiZleba saRoriis Tu safiCxiis midamoebSi veZioT, si-namdvileSi sad ganisveneben wamebulTa neStebi CvenTvisucnobia.

bolSevikur presaSi ar wydeboda daqiravebul kalmosan-Ta cilismwamebluri werilebis beWdva. ai maSindeli xe-lisuflebis mxardaWerTa azrovnebis nimuSebi:

`waiRes ganZeuloba, rac iyo eklesiaSi,Caawyves iaSCikebSi da gadamales miwaSi,genuas kaci afrines Tan gaatanes ustari.sabWoTa wyoba ar mogvwons, sul dagvibnia davTari.~an`mwuxarebiT Seicvala wminda mamaTa sixarulisimwrisagan iRriales ros ixiles xiSti mtruli.~vinmes axsovs, vin iyvnen Saqro navTluReli? valia bax-

taZe? fridon narouSvili? silibistro Tordia? araqelaoqruaSvili? isini iyvnen im avadsaxsenebeli bolSevikurisistemis mexotbeni, romelTaTvisac samSoblo, sarwmunoeba,qarTveloba salanZRavad, CamorCenilobad qceuliyo. gasulisaukunis 90-ian wlebSi qarTvelma xalxma silibistro To-drias, sergo orjonikiZesa da filipe maxaraZes maTi saxiTbolSevikur ideologias sakadrisi miuzRo. magram manamdekidev bevri tanjva-wameba damcireba da Seuracxyofa ai-tanes samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis wamebulma sasulieroda saero pirebma. autanel pirobebSi uxdebodaT metexiscixeSi yofna qarTvel sasuliero ierarqebs. uwmidesma daunetaresma ambrosim bolomde SeinarCuna sulieri simt-kice. xelisuflebisaTvis TandaTan arasasurveli xdebodasindisis Tavisuflebis deklarirebis pirobebSi sakaTali-koso sabWos wevrebisa da patriarqis cixeSi yofna. cdi-lobda maT gatexvas, raTa daeweraT bolSevikuri mTavrobis

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saxelze patiebis Txovna. uwmidessa da unetaresi ambrosisarqivSi aseTi Canaweria: `SeiZleba mec momeTxovos igivesinanuli, rogoric CamourTmeviaT ruseTis patriarq tix-onisaTvis da amis gamo Cemi gancxadebis proeqti amnairadiqneba me Cemi Tavi ar mimaCnia damnaSaved... me darwmunebuliviyavi, rom bolSevikebis mier ganxorcielebul am inter-vencias saqarTvelos respublikis Sinaur cxovrebaSi mo-hyveboda eklesiuri Tavisuflebis dakargva, rac me ube-durebad mimaCnda Cveni mSobliuri eklesiisaTvis Cemi SiSe-bi savsebiT gamarTlda da eklesias kidevac daatyda didiubedureba.~ (12, 895).

bolSevikurma xelisuflebam ver miaRwia uwmidesi pa-triarqisa da dapatimrebuli sasuliero pirebisagan patie-bis, monaniebis Txovnis miRebas, magram saqarTvelos marTl-madidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelebs daawerines Tx-ovna dapatimrebulTa Sewyalebisa da didsulovnad miiResgadawyvetileba 1925 wlis 10 marts maTi ganTvisuflebisSesaxeb. 11 marts uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sionissapatriarqo taZarSi wirva aRavlina, didi SiSianobis mi-uxedavad mravalricxovani sazogadoeba daeswro mas. patri-arqma sityviT mimarTa maT: ̀ savsebisagan gulisa bageni ityvian~_ ambobs macxovari Cveni ieso qriste da amiT gviTiTebsadamianis bunebis im moTxovnilebaze, romelic TviToeulCvengans kargad moexseneba, romlis dasakmayofileblad vcdi-lobT gulze mowolili grZnobani sxvas gavuziaroT. amfsiqologiur moTxovnilebas vgrZnob me axla, rodesac oriwlis da ori Tvis daSorebis Semdeg vdgevar am wmida taZ-arSi Tqven winaSe, magram, samwuxarod, sxva da sxva mizezisgamo, es wadili gulSi unda Cavikla da davkmayofildemxolod Tqvendami madlobis gamocxadebiT imisTvis, rasacme dRes aq vxedav. me cixeSiac mesmoda Tqveni guliswuxiliCemi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. mesmoda da vgrZnobdi TqvensTanagrZnobas da es mamxnevebda da amatania is, rac am sabWosdros me avitane. es iyo Sedegi ara Cemi Rirsebisa, aramed

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imisi, rom Tqven giyvarT deda eklesia da atarebT im xarisxs,romlis satareblad airCieT Cemi uRirseba. aq ixateba Tqve-ni Rrma sarwmunoeba. rwmenis saqmeebSi ar emsgavsebiT ler-wams, romelic mudam qanaobs da gadixreba iqiTken, saiTken-ac qris qari, aramed xarT mtkiceni da uryevni. es arisCemTvis gansakuTrebiT sasixarulo. me jer ar SevdgomivarCemi movaleobis Sesrulebas, saWiroa gavecno Cveni eklesi-is mdgomareobas, imas, Tu ra gakeTebula ori wlis ganmav-lobaSi. SeiZleba bevrs kidevac gaukvirdes amnairi Cemigancxadeba da gulSi gaifiqros, ra saWiroa eklesiis mdgo-mareobis gacnoba, vin ar icis da ar xedavs, Cveni taZrebidaketilia, zogi mTlad dangreulia saZirkvlamdis, saekle-sio samkaulebi, xatebi, jvrebi da Zvirfaseuloba gadata-nilia da sxvao, magram me saqmes cota sxvanairad vuyureb:namdvil eklesias vgulisxmob TqvenSi _ morwmuneebSi daara SenobebSi, samkaulebSi da ZvirfaseulebaSi. kargia ek-lesia maSin, rodesac is gamSvenierebulia sarwmunoebissimtkiciT, misi gaRrmavebiT. am mxriv, me mwams, rom eklesiaaxla ufro ganmtkicebuli da gamdidrebulia, vinem iyouwin. garegnul xelqmnil taZrebis siRaribeSi xelTuqmne-li eklesia ufro galamazda. amas naTlad amtkicebs morw-muneTa Semokreba am wmida taZarSi. es metad sanugeSoa.male nebiTa RvTisaTa Sevudgebi movaleobis Sesrulebas.unda ganvacxado, rom Cemi samsaxuris dros swavla-moZRvrebissagani iqneba mxolod da mxolod sarwmunoeba da zneoba,eklesiuri cxovrebis aRdgena. magram rom Cemi samsaxuriiyos nayofieri, amisTavis marto Cemi Zala ar aris sakmari-si. me amaSi meWireba Tqveni _ samRvdeloebisa da morwmun-eTa daxmareba. imedi maqvs, miiRebT mxedvelobaSi Cems mox-ucebulobas, uZlurebas da SemawevT Tqvens gamocdilebasda muSaobis unars, xolo es mosaxerxebeli iqneba mxolodmaSin, rodesac yvelani ganvamsWvalebiT Cveni deda eklesiissiyvaruliT, erTmaneTis Zmurad gataniT, rodesac pirad in-teresebs vanacvalebT sazogado _ eklesiurs. kaTolikoso-

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ba TavisTavad ar aris. rodesac kaTolikosobaze arCevisSemdeg am ambionze avdiodi ganvacxade, rom me avdivar golgo-Taze, rom me mitvirTavs didi jvari, romlis simZimis qveSSesaZlebelia, davece Tu Tqveni _ morwmuneebis da TanaSem-weobis daxmareba ar meqneba _ meTqi. es winaswarmetyvelebagamodga, Tumca Cemi naTqvami TavisTavad ar iyo araviTariwinaswarmetyveleba. es iyo damyarebuli gamocdilebaze, axalaRdgenili avtokefaluri Cveni eklesiis sami Tu oTxi wlisistoriaze. me var saqarTvelos eklesiis mesame saWeTmpyro-beli. rac mouvidaT kirions da leonids yvelam icis, racmomivida piradad me, es ukve cxadad yvelam dainaxa. Tukirionsa da leonids saxels utexdnen sityviT Tu weriT,es mec ganvicade, Tu maT gadayenebas cdilobdnen, mec ardamklebia es mowyaleba. me ufro medgrad momeTxova gada-dgoma umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebidan. ra iyo amismizezi? amis mizezi iyo Cveni Seugnebloba, Cveni udisci-plinoba... Cven ar gvesmoda, rom eklesiis Tavis saxelisgatexa, aris imave dros saxelis gatexa eklesiisa, saxelisgatexa TviT im morwmuneTa, im erisa, romelmac airCia uvar-gisi Tavi da saWeTmpyrobeli. im qveynebSi, sadac morwmunexalxi momwifebulia sazogado eklesiur moRvaweobisTvis,sxvanairad iqcevian, irCeven xSirad imdenad moxucebulebs,anu xanSi Sesulebs, romelnic moklebulni arian muSaobisunars, magram misi saxeliT da mis magivrad akeTeben eklesi-ur saqmeebs. rogor sargebloben mtrebi Cveni udiscipli-nobiT da SeugneblobiT, misi magaliTi bevria, magram aqmoviyvan mxolod erTs. ruseTis eklesias ar moewona Cveniavtokefaliis gamocxadeba, ruseTis eklesiidan yovelTvisgvimzadebdnen sxvadasxva dabrkolebas...~ (12, 539). aq Sewydamisi sityva, cudad gaxda, magram Tavi Seimagra, cremlimoeria, gadaxeda aqviTinebul mrevls da jvari gardasaxamaT... patriarqTan midiodnen adamianebi da ulocavdnen cix-idan gaTavisuflebas. iyo werilobiTi adresebic. ̀ uwmidesomeufeo, wmida nikolozis eklesiis mrevli ganmsWvalulia

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Sendami didi siyvaruliT, dRe dReze eloda cixidan gan-Tavisuflebas da xilvas. mravalJamier dido meufeo Cvenieris sakeTildReod.~ (3, 96). uwmidesma da unetaresma sa-gangebo paraklisi gadaixada kojris misadgomebTan bolSe-vikur saokupacio jarebTan brZolaSi daRupuli qarTveliiunkerebisaTvis... patriarqi ver gatexes, verc pozicia Seacv-levines xelisuflebis survilis sawinaaRmdegod. 1921-1927wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi uwmidesida unetaresi ambrosis locva-kurTxeviT mRvdelmTavrisxarisxSi aiyvanes 1. dekanozi qristefore (cicqiSvili)urbnelad 1922 wels, 2. dekanozi svimeoni (WeliZe) Wyon-didelad 1923 wels. 3. arqimandriti nestori (yubaneiSvili)baTum-Semoqmedelad 1924 wels, 4. dekanozi kalistrate(cincaZe) manglelad 1925 wels. 5. dekanozi stefane (kar-belaSvili) bodbelad 1925 wels. 6. arqimandriti pavle(jafariZe) wilknelad 1925 wels. 7. dekanozi mixeili (fx-alaZe) alaverdelad 1925 wels. 8. dekanozi aleqsi (ger-samia) cagarelad 1925 wels. 9. dekanozi varlaami (max-araZe) 1926 wels. 10. arqimandriti efremi (sidamoniZe)manglelad 1927 wels. aseT viTarebaSi xelisuflebas undaSeecvala eklesiasTan brZolis taqtika. saWiro iyo ekle-siaSi xelisuflebis dasayrdenis Seqmna Sida dapirispireb-is provocireba da eklesiis Signidan afeTqeba.

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5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiT5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiT5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiT5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiT5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiTuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobiskaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobiskaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobiskaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobiskaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobismzakvruli gegma.mzakvruli gegma.mzakvruli gegma.mzakvruli gegma.mzakvruli gegma.

bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebisaTvis sruliadmiuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri samociqu-lo eklesia. man Tavisi pozicia daufaravad daafiqsira 1921wlis 15 aprils revkomis dekretiT, romlis TanaxmadacsaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia kanongareSe gamocx-adda. bolSevikebi aTeistebi iyvnen da miznad isaxavdnenmarTlmadidebeli eklesiis saerTod mospobas, magram imasacgrZnobdnen, rom TavianTi Savbneli saqmianobis pirvel etapzees gauWirdebodaT. amitom aseTi gegma SeimuSaves erTismxriv administraciuli, ZalmomreobiTi, teroris gziT ek-lesiis winaaRmdeg brZola, meores mxriv TviT eklesiiswiaRSi CaenergaT bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mxardamWerisasuliero pirebad movlenili liberalebi. xelisuflebamsamSoblos da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis in-teresebisaTvis mebrZolT `moRalatis, CamorCenili, kon-servatorebis, reaqcionerebis da ucxoeTis daqiravebuliagentebis~ iarliyi miakera, xolo bolSevikuri eqsperimen-tebisa da uzneobisadmi loialurad ganwyobil sasulieropirebs `progresuli samRvdeloeba~ uwoda.

1922-1925 wlebSi bolSevikuri xelisuflebis gadaw-yvetilebiT saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze aRweres mo-qmed eklesia-monastrebSi daculi oqrosa da vercxlis saek-lesio siwmindeni, Semdeg gamozides eklesia-monastrebidanda ̀ mSromelTa saWiroebis~ sababiT gayides. 1922-1924 wlebSipopularuli gaxda sasamarTlo procesebi. 1923 wlis 9Tebervals onSi `mSromelTa saCivris safuZvelze CatardasasamarTlo sxdoma, romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetilebaqristianuli sarwmunoebis, rogorc xalxis mtris dagmobisda raionis teritoriaze moqmedi eklesiebis gauqmebisa da

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dangrevis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionebSi adgi-lobrivi partiuli da komkavSireli aqtivistebi erTmaneTsejibrebodnen vin ufro met eklesias daarbevda, vin ufroSeuracxyofda sasuliero pirebs.

bolSevikuri xelisufleba sazogadoebis winaSe TavismarTlebis mizniT, rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba iyoiRebda iseT kanonebs, romelSic adasturebda, rom kanonisfarglebSi moqmedebda. magaliTad 1924 wlis 21 noembrisdekretiT `religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb~miTiTebuli iyo, rom morwmuneebs Tavisuflad SeeZloTeklesiis gaxsna RvTismsaxurebaSi monawileoba, magram esmxolod Teoriulad, praqtikulad xelisufleba sastikaddevnida morwmuneebs, sasuliero pirebs. bolSevikur xe-lisuflebas mosvenebas ukargavda uwmidesi da unetaresisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis, sakaTa-likoso sabWos Seurigebeli pozicia saokupacio xelisu-flebisadmi. amitom ̀ Cekam~ SeimuSava saidumlo gegma, romel-ic iTvaliswinebda `antisabWoeli kaTolikosis eklesiismesaWeobidan CamoSorebas, `reaqciuli~ sakaTalikoso sab-Wos garekvas da mis nacvlad sabWoTa saokupacio xelisu-flebisadmi loialurad ganwyobili sasuliero pirebis, ̀ pro-gresuli samRvdeloebisaTvis~ avtoritetis mopovebas. e.w.`progresuli, reformatori~ sasuliero pirebi, rom mzadiyvnen xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisaTvis, es kargadgamoCnda 1924 wlis 20 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis saxeliT gakeTe-bul gancxadebis Sinaarsidan. sadac naTqvami iyo: ̀ vaRiarebTsabWoTa xelisuflebas, romelic warmatebiT xelmZRvanelobsqarTveli eris kulturul-ekonomikur da erovnul aRorZi-nebas, vgmobT 1924 wlis agvistos avanturas.~ (12, 539).saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelo-bis saxeliT aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba im dros, roca uw-midesi da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebimetexis cixeSi itanjebodnen, xolo aTasobiT patrioti,

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samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolni daundoblad gaa-nadgures, gamaognebeli iyo qarTveli xalxis im nawili-saTvis, visTvisac Zvirfasi iyo samSoblos Tavisuflebisidea. xelisuflebis waqezebiT eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobagaitaca `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ ideebma. maT miaCndaT,rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam ver auwyofexi revoluciuri drois moTxovnebs, patriarqi kvlav mar-Tlmadideblur, konservatorul mimarTulebas icavda ekle-siaSi, amitom aucilebeli iyo siaxleebi. `ganaxlebisa dareformebis~ jgufs xelmZRvanelobdnen episkoposebi: qriste-fore da daviTi. episkoposi daviTi (kaWaxiZe) daufaravadacxadebda: ̀ dro aris ganaxleba Setanil iqnas Cvens saekle-sio cxovrebaSi Tanaxmad Tanamedrove kulturis, saxelmwi-foebrivi wes-wyobilebisa.~ (3, 115).

saeklesio sferoSi `reformebisa da ganaxlebis~ jgufissaqmianoba, rom inspirirebuli iyo xelisuflebisagan esiqidanac Canda, rom maTi sxdomebis oqmebi, gancxadebebidaubrkolebriv vrceldeboda bolSevikuri presis meSveo-biT. magaliTad 1923 wlis 2 seqtembers quTaisSi samRvde-loebis Sekrebas eswreboda adgilobrivi bolSevikuri or-ganizaciis erT-erTi lideri valia baxtaZe, romelmac sa-suliero pirebs mimarTa, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo ganax-lebuli eklesia da ra SemTxvevaSi iTanamSromlebda xe-lisufleba masTan. quTaTelma episkoposma daviTma kideverTxel daafiqsira Tavisi erTguleba `ganaxlebisa da re-formebis~ mimarT da ganacxada: ̀ dadga dro, eklesiaSi ganx-orcieldes cvlilebebi Tanamedrove cxovrebis mixedviT. amgziT gadadgmuli iqnas progresuli nabijebi eklesiur cxov-rebaSi~... genuis konferenciaze qarTveli samRvdeloebissaxeliT gagzavnilma memorandumma, kontrrevoluciurmagamosvlebma saqarTvelos eklesia uxerxul mdgomareobaSiCaayena. sabWoTa xelisuflebam igi Tavis mtrad miiCnia daamitom daarbia eklesiebi, daiqsaqsa samRvdeloeba, mTavrobaunda darwmundes, rom eklesias politikasTan araviTari

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saerTo ara aqvs, Tu amas davamtkicebT normalur pirobebSi,maSin xelisufleba Sewyvets eklesiis sawinaaRmdego kampa-nias. amitom moviTxovT Cvens eparqiaSi SeCerebul iqnaseklesiisa da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg brZola, aRdgeniliqnas taZrebi. Tu mainc vinme SeiniSna antisamTavrobo ga-mosvlebSi isini sastikad iqnan dasjilni.~ (13, 1523). bolSe-vikurma xelisuflebam imisaTvis, rom `sareformo jgufis~wevrebisaTvis xalxSi avtoriteti Seeqmna maTi moTxovnebiSeasrula, quTaisis eparqiaSi gaxsna administraciuli wes-iT daxuruli eklesiebi, gaaTavisufla dapatimrebuli sa-suliero pirebi.

`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebma axali gancx-adeba gaakeTes: `dRes saqarTveloSi arsebuli sabWoTa xe-lisufleba aris erTaderTi kanonieri xelisufleba da qarTve-li xalxis interesebis damcveli. Cven movuwodebT yvelamorwmunes mxari dauWiron mas. vacxadebT sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis gamosvlas Semcdarad daarakanonierad. saWirod migvaCnia igi gadayenebul iqnas ka-Tolikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobidan.~ (3, 116). es iyo xe-lisuflebisa da `reformator~ sasuliero pirTa namdvilisurvilis gulaxdili aRiareba. uwmidesi da unetaresi am-brosi iyo didi avtoriteti qarTveli xalxisaTvis Tu masgadaayenebdnen da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiissaTaveSi marTul sasuliero pirs dasvamdnen kaTolikos-patriarqad amaze ukeTesi antireligiuri brZola, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis ganeitraleba xom SeuZlebe-li iyo. Tu marTuli sasuliero pirebi samSoblos da ek-lesiis Tavisuflebas avanturad monaTlavdnen vis sWirde-boda aseTi eklesia? ra Tqma unda xelisuflebas, romelicmoaxerxebda xalxis saboloo damonebas da antireligiuribrZolis warmatebiT dagvirgvinebas.

`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufma miiRo yovlad uz-neo gadawyvetileba, TbilisSi, metexis cixeSi uwmides am-rosTan gaegzavna delegacia episkopos daviTis (kaWaxiZe) da

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mRvdel platon cqitiSvilis SemadgenlobiT, romelTacuwmides ambrosis aseTi Sinaarsis werili miarTves: ̀ saqarTve-los eklesiis dRevandeli mdgomareoba mZimea, patriarqi,mitropoliti, arqimandriti, zogierTi dekanozi dapatimre-bulni arian, eparqiebis marTva-gamgeoba SeCerebulia. taZre-bi gamonaklisis garda daketilia, samRvdeloeba daqsaqsulia,morwmune eri Sewuxebulia. yovelive es eklesiis da xe-lisuflebas Soris momxdari konfliqtis Sedegia, rac gam-oiwvia Tqven mier gadadgmulma nabijma. amitom gTxovT uaryoTmemorandumi, romlis Sinaarsic mTavrobis dRevandel sax-elmwifoebriv moqmedebas ar Seesabameba da ar SeswiroT maseklesiis keTildReoba,~ (13, 1523). maT araorazrovnad mian-iSnes patriarqs, rom ajobebda Tu Tavisi nebiT gadadgebo-da. e. i. jer unda moenaniebina genuis konferenciaze gagza-vnili memorandumis gamo, bodiSi moexada sabWoTa xelisu-flebisaTvis da gadamdgariyo patriarqis Tanamdebobidan.uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim gulisyuriT mousminamaT da mtkiced ganucxada: rom igi Tavisi nebiT ar gadadge-boda: Tu saWiroa Cveni eklesiisaTvis, me iZulebiT undaviqne gadayenebuli.~ qarTveli sazogadoebis moazrovne naw-ilisaTvis, samRvdeloebis umravlesobisaTvis sruliad mi-uRebeli iyo `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ mimdevarTa sur-vilebi, miznebi. bolSevikuri xelisuflebisa da eklesiisreformatorTa namdvili saxe kargad warmoCnda maT mierSemuSavebul ̀ saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sare-formo proeqtSi.~ proeqtis Tanaxmad uqmdeboda saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo, sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdeboba, samagierodsaqarTvelos eklesias ganagebda Tbilisis mTavarepiskopo-sis tituliT Tbilisis mRvdelmTavari, romelsac asevedaeqvemdebareboda qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiis kaTedra, misirezidencia iyo TbilisSi. Tbilisis mRvdelmTavars TanaSem-wed eyoleboda qorepiskoposi. proeqtis mixeviT imereTisada guria-samegrelos eparqias marTavda quTaisis mRvdelmTa-

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vari, romelsac kaTedra eqneboda quTaisSi, afxazeTisa dasamurzayanos eparqias marTavda cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi,romelsac kaTedra eqneboda soxumSi. saqarTvelos eklesiismRvdelmTavrebs exmarebodnen mTavarxucesebi, romelTaceparqiebi dayofili aqvT olqebad da cxovroben, sadacmouxdebaT. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebi-saTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadide-beli eklesia rogorc erTiani, Zlieri centralizebuliorganizaciis matarebeli organo. maTi proeqtiT cvlilebe-bi unda Sexeboda TviT eklesiasac. sakurTxevels kankelisnacvlad moajiri Secvlida. eklesiidan macxovris xatisgarda sxva xatebi unda gaetanaT (?!) taZarSi ikrZalebodasacecxlurisa da sakmevlis gamoyeneba (?!) zari SeiZlebodawirvis dawyebis win mxolod erTxel daerekaT. reforma-torebi uaryofdnen saswaulmoqmedi xatis arsebobas (?!)maTi azriT drois moTxovnebis Sesabamisad unda gamartive-buliyo RvTismsaxureba, wirvis dros ar iyo savaldebulosamociqulos wakiTxva. Svidi saidumlodan savaldebulo ariyo sinanuli da zeTis kurTxeva. `higienuri mosazrebisgamo ziarebis dros savaldebulo ar iyo erTi barZimidanziareba. saeklesio wignebi asomTavrul-xucurisa da ZveliqarTulis nacvlad unda gaTanedrovebuliyo. arasavaldebu-lod cxaddeboda sasuliero pirebis mier samRvdelmTavroda samRvdelo SesamoseliT siaruli. kategoriulad ikrZa-leboda ber-monazvnoba. visac undoda SeeZlo gandegiladecxovra. es mas aranair privilegias ar aniWebda. saepisko-poso kandidati SeiZleba yofiliyo coliani, an qvrivi. Sesa-Zleblad iyo miCneuli daqvrivebuli mRvdlis meored daqor-wineba. `ganaxlebis da reformebis~ jgufis proeqti krZa-lavda marxvas, amcirebda saeklesio dResaswaulebs. moiTx-ovda saeklesio dResaswaulebis axali stiliT aRniSvnas,mravalsaukunovani qarTuli sagaloblebis gaTanamedrove-bas. isini acxadebdnen, rom maTi mizani naTeli iyo: ̀ eklesi-is saqmianobis gamococxleba da progresis gzaze damyareba,

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karCaketilobisa da calmxrivobis mospoba, misi gamococx-leba da gavrceleba yvela im saqmeebze, romelnic emsaxure-bian, rogorc kerZo pirovnebas, ise sazogadoebrivi ganvi-Tarebisa da progresis saqmes.~ (13, 1523).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia udide-si gansacdelis winaSe aRmoCnda, devnilobas daemata e.w.`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis saqmianoba, romelicmimarTuli iyo marTlmadidebluri dogmebisa da mraval-saukunovani kanonikuri tradiciebis ganadgurebisaken. qarTve-li `reformatorebi~ ruseTSi farTod gavrcelebul e. w.`cocxali eklesiis~ ideologias iziarebdnen.

bolSevikuri xelisufleba dadebiTad afasebda qarTvelreformatorTa mier Sedgenil eklesiis ganaxlebis proeqts.bolSevikuri gazeTebi `komunisti,~ zaria vostoka,~ `muSada glexi~ iwonebdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-lesiis ganaxlebis (sinamdvileSi mospobis) proeqts. gaz.`muSa da glexSi~ 1923 wlis #23 saredaqcio minawerSi`pirveli nabiji~ aRniSnuli iyo: ̀ Cven vfiqrobT _ pirvelinabiji quTaisis samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlobisa moklexanSi ufro da ufro radikalur gamoZaxils povebs sam-Rvdeloebis dabal fenebSi, yovelgvari axali progresulinabijis gadadgma rogorc dadebiTi movlena kidev ufrodaafiqrebs maT, visac eklesia swams, am eklesiis safuZv-lebis Sesaxeb. dafiqreba ki yvelaze ufro Seuwyobs xelsimas, riskenac Cven miviswrafviT eklesiis sakiTxSi, missrul mospobas.~ amaze gulaxdilad raRa unda eTqvaT xe-lisuflebisa da eklesiis wiaRSi aRmocenebul ganaxlebisada reformebis jgufis wevrebs. istoria marto warsuli araris igi awmyosa da momavalSic dafiqrebisa da sworadgansjis saukeTeso saSualebaa. warsuliT momavlis winaswarme-tyvelebaa, gadaxedav mas da rwmundebi zogjer faqtebi damovlenebi rogor hgavs erTmaneTs...

1925 wlis 10 marts, rodesac sapatimrodan gaaTavisu-fles sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi

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da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi, isinisaswrafod Seikribnen da seriozuli msjeloba hqondaTsaqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi Seqm-nili urTulesi viTarebis gamo. uwmidesma da unetaresmaambrosim sagangebo brZanebiT gaauqma saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba da daiwyo kaTo-likos-patriarqis da sakaTalikoso sabWos Zalauflebis gan-mtkiceba. igi grZnobda janmrTelobis gauaresebas, amitomgverdiT unda hyoloda erTguli da Wkviani sasuliero pirebi.man 1925 wlis 30 oqtombers dekanozi kalistrate cincaZeepiskoposad akurTxa, amave dRes mitropolitoba mianiWa,daajildova bartyulaze briliantis jvris tarebis uflebiT,gamoacxada upirates mRvdelmTavrad da sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarqis mudmiv mosaydred. amave drosuwmidesi ambrosis brZanebiT Seiqmna sagangebo komisia episko-posis melqisedek alaverdelis da dekanoz epifane jaoSvi-lis SemadgenlobiT, romelTac dawvrilebiT unda Seeswav-laT `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis saqmianoba. qu-TaTel episkopos daviTs mowinaaRmdegeni Tavis eparqiaSicgamouCndnen, magram sakaTalikoso sabWoSi mas mxari episko-posma qristeforem dauWira, ufro metic, moiTxova misTvismitropolitoba. sakaTalikoso sabWom miiRo gadawyvetile-ba episkopos daviTis sxva eparqiaSi gadayvanis Sesaxeb, ma-gram am gadawyvetilebas igi ar daemorCila. bolSevikurixelisufleba kmayofilebiTa da sixaruliT adevnebda Tva-lyurs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi SeqmnilumZimes viTarebas, kidev ufro aZlierebda antireligiurpropagandas da Riad mxars uWerda ̀ ganaxlebisa da reformebis~jgufis wevrebs. am kritikul viTarebaSi uwmides da une-tares ambrosis gverdiT uryevad idgnen: mitropoliti kal-istrate, episkoposebi: melqisedeki, pavle, aleqsi, dekano-zebi: ivane mirianaSvili, giorgi gamrekeli, sakaTalikososabWos wevrebi: ivane ratiSvili, giorgi imnaiSvili. ̀ ganax-lebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebma episkopos daviTis

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saxeliT saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi aseTi Sinaarsis wer-ili gamoagzavnes: ̀ vwyvetT yovelgvar kavSirs saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqTan, sakaTalikoso sabWosTan.~ (13, 1523).maT TviTneburad gamoacxades episkopos daviTis mitropoli-tis xarisxSi ayvana, xolo 1926 wlis 26-27 dekembersquTaisSi aseve TviTneburad moiwvies saeklesio kreba, romel-sac eswreboda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarquwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis, sakaTalikoso sabWos mow-inaaRmdege samRvdeloeba _ sul 77 delegati, maT SorisTviTneburad gamitropolitebuli qristefore da daviTi,episkoposebi ioane, simeoni, nestori. saeklesio krebazemowveul iyvnen qarTveli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmo-madgenlebic, magram isini ar wamoegen am avanturas da uariganacxades ukanono krebis muSaobaSi monawileobaze.

meamboxeebma quTaisis saeklesio krebis dRis wesrigi asegansazRvres: 1. droebiTi saeklesio mmarTvelobis daarseba.2. saqarTvelos morwmune mrevlisadmi mimarTvis teqstismiReba. 3. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTa-likoso sabWos moqmedebisa da misis dRevandeli Semadgen-lobis gadayenebis Sesaxeb. 4. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-li eklesiis IV saeklesio krebis mowvevis drois gan-sazRvra. 5. mimdinare sakiTxebi.

`reformatorebma~ jer kidev 1926 wlis martSi aseTiganCineba gamoitanes, `daevalos mitropolit qristeforesSeudges kaTolikos-patriarqis movaleobis Sesrulebas~ (15,102). saeklesio Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis aseTi dauoke-beli survilis miuxedavad `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~jgufis wevrebi grZnobdnen morwmune sazogadoebaSi rogoruaryofiTad Sefasdeboda bolSevikuri xelisuflebisagannawamebi kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis gadayeneba. amitom maTamjobines ufro SemovliTi gzebiT moqmedeba. 1. gadayenebu-lad gamoacxades sakaTalikoso sabWos Semadgenloba, 2. sakaTa-likoso sabWos nacvlad saeklesio krebis mowvevamde Tbi-lisSi daarses saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelo-

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ba mitropolit qristefores TavmjdomareobiT. 3. sruliadsaqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas evaleba CaibarossaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-Wos yvela sabuTi, Tanxa, inventari. kancelariis beWedi. 4.yvela is sasuliero piri, vinc ar daemorCileba saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis gada-wyvetilebas daTxovnilad iTvlebian. krebis monawileebmasruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisadmigagzavnil werilSi quTaisis krebis gadawyvetilebebisaqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis gada-Wris aucileblobiT axsnes. `Cveni mizania _ werdnen isini_ saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis, simSvidis da simtki-cis SenarCuneba. Cven araviTari ganzraxva ara gvaqvs uadgi-lo da udroo reformebi SemoviRoT eklesiaSi, varwmunebTTqven uwmidesobas, rom Tqvendami pativiscema uaRresadgaRvivdeba, rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi,ukeTu gaiziarebT Cvens TqvenTan TanamSromlobas, Tanaxmadwarmodgenili dadgenilebisa, romelic ar aris mimarTuliTqveni uwmidesobis pirovnebis winaaRmdeg, aramed gamowveuliamxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis siyvaruliT.~ (13, 1651). quTai-sis saeklesio krebis iniciatorebma SesaniSnavad gamoiyenesbolSevikuri mTavrobis gadawyvetileba, religiur orga-nizaciaTa xelaxali registraciis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.1926 wlis 28 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis gverdis av-liT registraciaSi gaatares saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-li eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, sadac saTanamSromloduflebaayrili kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosic miiwvies.

ras akeTebda Seqmnil viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo, sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi?man saswrafod moiwvia sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma, sadacaseTi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gaakeTa: ̀ miviRe informacia, romquTaisSi episkopos daviTis mier sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

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Tolikos-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSe mowveulia saekle-sio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen sxva eparqiebidan zogier-Ti mRvdelmTavari da sasuliero piri. sakaTalikoso sabWommiiRo mxedvelobaSi, rom amnairi kreba ar aris gaTval-iswinebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebiT, ganaCina: quTais-Si Catarebuli kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod.~ (13, 1651).

egreTwodebuli `reformatorebi~ kidev ufro Sors wav-idnen 1926 wlis 30 dekembers aiZules mitropoliti kal-istrate gadamdgariyo mosaydris Tanamdebobidan, xolo SemdegSeecadnen xelSi CaegdoT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelieklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria, saqmis warmoeba.aRSfoTebuli da ganrisxebuli kaTolikos-patriarqi ambro-si acxadebda: ̀ vidre me var sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarqi, sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria imyofebaCems gankargulebaSi da is aravis ar gadaecema. arsebulsaeklesio kanonTa gareSe quTaisSi momxdari yrilobis mierarCeul saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobis mi-uxedavad mis pirad Semadgenlobas me ver vcnob.~ (12, 539).xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobil reformatorebiszraxvebs Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati wamoeSvela.1927 wlis 4 ianvars Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatisbrZanebiT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq uw-mides ambrosis CamoarTves sakaTalikoso da saeparqio kan-celaria, romelic gadaeca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelieklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas. uwmidesma da unetaresmasruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim 1927wlis 12 ianvars Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisrisadmi gag-zavnil werilSi aRniSna: ̀ quTaisis saeklesio yriloba saek-lesio kanonebis mixedviT odnavadac ar SeiZleba CaiTvaloskanonier krebad, vinaidan kanonierad iTvleba mxolod iskreba, romelic mowveulia eklesiis pirvel mRvdelmTavris-agan, kaTolikos-patriarqisagan. xsenebuli yriloba aramcar yofila mowveuli Cems mier, aramed pirdapir gamocxade-buli iyo Cemgan da sakaTalikoso sabWosgan ukanonod.~ (12,

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539). aseT viTarebaSi maTTvis sapatriarqo kancelariis Cabare-ba dauSvebeli iyo. magram xelisuflebis wamomadgenlebi-saTvis saeklesio kanonebi ar arsebobda. maTTvis uwmidesida unetaresi ambrosi miuRebeli iyo. marTalia 1925 welsigi sapyrobiledan gaaTavisufles, magram maTi azriT igimainc ar iSlida xelisuflebisadmi daumorCileblobas, arscnobda sabWoTa xelisuflebas rogorc kanoniers, kvlavixdida panaSvidebs 1921 wlis TebervalSi bolSevikur saok-upacio jarebTan daRupuli qarTveli patriotebisaTvis, 1924wlis ajanyebis monawile daRupulTaTvis, winaaRmdegoba gauwiamaT samxedro taZris CamorTmevis gamo. am dros `ganaxleb-isa da reformebis~ jgufi, romelnic saqarTvelos marTl-madidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi iyvnen araerTgancxadebaSi afiqsirebdnen TavianT pozicias, aRiarebdnenbolSevikur xelisuflebas, rogorc qarTveli xalxis er-TaderTi kanonieri interesebis gamomxatvel xelisuflebas.oficialuri xelisuflebis waqezebiT droebiTi mmarTvelobiswevrebma 1927 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresiambrosi faqtiurad CamoaSores saqarTvelos marTlmadide-beli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobas. am nerviulobam, SfoTma daciliswamebam, kidev ufro gaauaresa uwmidesi da unetaresisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis janm-rTeloba. 1927 wlis 22 marts droebiTi mmarTvelobis wevre-bi Sevidnen uwmidesi ambrosisTan da gamoucxades, rom igiganTavisuflebuli iyo saqmis warmoebisagan da saqarTve-los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelobidan. ̀ amisgamocxadebis meore dRes 23 marts uwmidesma ambrosim dakargametyvelebis unari, 27 marts goneba, 29 marts dilis 3saaTze igi gardaicvala...~ (15, 102).

aseTi araadamianuri, gausaZlisi teroris viTarebaSi,romelSic amyofebdnen mis uwmidesobas, daasrula Tavisisicocxle saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis didmamwyemsmTavarma, romelic sicocxleSi Tavisuflebis simbolod,xolo gardacvalebis Semdeg misabaZ gmirad iqca patrioti

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qarTvelobisaTvis.1927 wlis 29 marts Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelmac moisminamitropolit kalistrates sityvieri gancxadeba. man gaaxmo-vana gansvenebuli patriarqis survili misi dakrZalvis drosar iqnas warmoTqmuli sityvebi. uwmidesi ambrosi yvelafersiTvaliswinebda, qristianuli tradiciis Tanaxmad micvale-bulze an kargi unda eTqvaT, ar araferi. vin gabedavda maszekargi Tqmas? Tu gabedavda amiT xom safrTxes SeuqmnidaTavis Tavsac da eklesiasac. am `uxerxulobisagan~ gaaTa-visufla gansvenebulma sasuliero ierarqebi. damkrZalavkomisias xelmZRvanelobda alaverdis episkoposi melqisedeki,SiSianobis, teroris miuxedavad sionis sapatriarqo taZar-Si panaSvidebze mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ikribeboda.gansakuTrebiT mravalricxovani iyo xelisuflebisaTviszedmetad miCneuli saxelovani qarTveli inteligencia,represiebis gadarCenilni eTxovebodnen saqarTvelos mar-Tlmadidebeli eklesiis siamayes. 3 aprils sionis sapatri-arqo taZarSi saxelovani patriarqebis uwmidesi kiron II daleonids gverdiT dakrZales saqarTvelos eklesiisa da sax-elmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvis wamebuli gmirisulieri winamZRoli...

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6. wmindanTa dasSi6. wmindanTa dasSi6. wmindanTa dasSi6. wmindanTa dasSi6. wmindanTa dasSi

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia saqarTvelos istoriis sax-elmZRvaneloebSi samecniero publikaciebSi XX saukunis30-80-ian wlebSi moixseneboda rogorc Seurigebeli anti-sabWoeli da `didi sabWoTa socialisturi mSeneblobis~mowinaaRmdege. samwuxarod sasuliero wreebSic iyvnen ise-Ti adamianebi, romelnic gaumarTleblad miiCnevdnen, sabWo-Ta xelisuflebisadmi mis Seurigebel damokidebulebas. sa-bWouri ideologiuri dogmebiT damuSavebuli sazogadoebisdidi nawilisaTvis ucnobi iyo uwmidesi ambrosis saqmiano-ba. didi moTmineba da muSaoba iyo saWiro sazogadoebismosamzadeblad. 1989 wlis 9 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg,roca kidev erTxel warmoCinda ruseTis saokupacio jareb-is, im saokupacio jarebis STamomavalTa mxecobani, romelTacTavis droze ebrZoda uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,saqarTveloSi Seicvala azrovnebis wesi. damoukideblobi-saTvis brZolis ideam gaacocxla is miviwyebuli gmirebi,romelnic Tavis droze am ideas Seewirnen. uwmidesi daunetaresi ambrosis saxeli Tavisi Cveuli brwyinvalebiTdaubrunda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo ek-lesias, qarTul sinamdviles.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesmada unetaresma ilia II sinodis sxdomaze daayena sakiTximoemzadebinaT yvela saWiro masala uwmidesi ambrosis wmin-danad SeracxvisaTvis.

1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqotaZarSi Sedga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ga-farToebuli saeklesio kreba, romelic gaxsna uwmidesma daunetaresma ilia II. patriarqma krebis monawileebs amcnosaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis is-toriuli gadawyvetileba erisa da eklesiis winaSe damsax-urebisaTvis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi Seracxil iqnas

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wmindnTa dasSi ambrosi aRmsareblis saxeliT da misi xsenebisdRed dawesda 16 (29) marti. roca am gadawyvetilebas acx-adebda uwmidessa da unetares ilia II xma auTrTolda dacremlebi moeria, es iyo Rirseuli winamorbedisadmi STa-momavlobis saxeliT gamoTqmuli udidesi sinanulisa dasiyvarulis gamoxatuleba.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarqis ilia II locva kurTxeviT Seiqmna wm. ambro-si aRmsareblis xatebi... aSenda wmindanis saxelze axalitaZrebi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarqi ambrosi, ukve istoriis kuTvnilebaa. qarTve-li eri arasodes ar daiviwyebs im saocari gmirobisa dasulieri gautexlobis magaliTs, romelic wmida ambrosiaRmsarebelma gamoiCina. misi locva da mfarveloba iqnebaSemwe bewvis xidze myof saqarTvelosaTvis, im saqarTvelo-saTvis, romlis winaSe kvlav mwvaved dgas erovnuli TavisTa-vadobisa da saxelmwifoebrivi damokidebulebis sakiTxi.

gvjera, Cveni gadarCenis da gamTlianebis, imisa, romqarTvel ers sxvaTa karnaxis gareSe SeeZleba gadawyvitos,rogorc saxelmwifos ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani,aseve politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi. dae bolo oci wlismanZilze daRvrili sisxli iyos qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivida erovnuli cnobierebis simtkicisaTvis ukanasknelad gaRe-buli msxverpli. rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II brZanebs: mwux-arebas sixaruli mosdevs... Tu gadavxedavT Cvens warsuls,Cvens istorias, davinaxavT, rom xSirad yofila saqarTvelogaZarcvuli da Seuracxyofili, yofila periodebi, rocamters egona, rom daaCoqa da xerxemalSi gatexa Cveni qvey-ana, amgram saqarTvelo kvlavac fexze wamomdgara, radganRmerTi ugzavnida did moRvaweebs, sulier mamebs, romelTalocva da Sroma eweoda ers.~ (29, 362).

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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqiuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia IIuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia IIuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia IIuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia IIuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II

1995 w.1995 w.1995 w.1995 w.1995 w.

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wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeliwmida ambrosi aRmsarebeliwmida ambrosi aRmsarebeliwmida ambrosi aRmsarebeliwmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli

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dokumentebidokumentebidokumentebidokumentebidokumentebi

rogorc yazanidan gvatyobineben, wels yazanis sxvadasxvaumaRles saswavlebelSi swavla daumTavrebiaT SemdegsqarTvelebs: m. mirianaSvils _ sabeiTlo institutSi, gor-gaZesa da mRvdelmonazons ambrosis (eriskacobaSi xelaia)_ sasuliero akademiaSi. mRvdelmonazons ambrosis dauwer-ia Cinebuli sakandidato disertacia ̀ Áîðüáà Õðèñòèàíñòâàñ Èñëàìîì â Ãðóçèè~. profesor malovs uTxovnia diser-tantisaTvis, Seavsos zogierTi Tavi am disertaciisada waradg-inos igi magistris xarisxis mosapoveblad.

gaz. `iveria~. 1901 w. 14 ivlisi.

sosiko merkvilaZesosiko merkvilaZesosiko merkvilaZesosiko merkvilaZesosiko merkvilaZegulTazriani RvTismsaxurigulTazriani RvTismsaxurigulTazriani RvTismsaxurigulTazriani RvTismsaxurigulTazriani RvTismsaxuri

...mariamobisTvis 15-s nikorwmindidgan wavediT axlo-max-lo mdebare adgilebis dasaTvaliereblad... mivediT monas-terSi. jer wirva gamosuli ar iyo. WeliSis monasteriRvTismSoblis saxelobazed aris agebuli da am dRes monas-tris dReoba iyo _ mariamoba. xalxi blomad mosuliyoaxlo-maxlo soflebiTgan. mwirveli brZandeboda yazanisakademia swavla damTavrebuli da dRes winamZRvari am monas-trisa arqimandriti ambrosi Tavis krebuliT. wirvis Semdegmama ambrosim warmosTqva grZnobiT savse qadageba, romlisgagonebamac mraval mlocvels sixarulis cremli mohgvara.

mama ambrosi _ sul weliwadi ar aris, rac aq winamZRvradgamoamweses, magram RvTisa da kacis moyvare adamianisaTvises mokle droc sakmao yofila, rom wrfelisguliT Seey-varebia xalxs. amisTanas Sesaxeb Tqmula:

`ra kargia kargi kaci,kargs saqmezed agebuli,qveyana hyavs madlieri,

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sworis guliT mogebuli.~axlo-maxlo soflebSi Cven imisTana kacs ar Sexvedri-

varT, romelic wrfelis guliT ar iyos gamsWvaluli mamaambrosisadmi Rrma pativiscemiT da siyvaruliT.

_ rogoria, Zmobilo, Tqvenis udabnos axali winamZRvari?_ vkiTxavdiT soflelebs.

_ rom ityvian, RvTis ena-piri asxiao, swored is aris.ager, am xnis kaci gaxlavarT da jer magisTana aravin mosu-la da arc mag dalocvilisnairi qadageba gagvigonia, _ iyopasuxi.

WeliSis udabnos garegani Sexeduleba da misi mdebareobacxadad dagarwmunebT, rom Cven gvyolia namdvili RvTismosavi da xalxis moyvare mamebi, romelTac kargad scodni-aT salocavad da erisTvis samoRvaweod rogori alagia _saWiro.

WeliSis monasteri Semokrulia uSvelebelis maRlismTebiT, arc gza aqvs axlos da arc kvali; Znelad misasvle-lia. miudgomel mTebSi, rogorc CaSuqebuli sanTeli, sdgasoblad patara monasteri WeliSisa, galavanSemozRuduliqvitkiris kedliT da am monasterSi mavedrebel ZmaTa sax-lebiT.

monastris galavans gareT mravali didroni nigvzis xee-bia, patara vake, sxva bostneuloba iTeseba da didi auzickalmaxebisaTvis. mama ambrosim gviTxra, monasters zogi friadZvirfasi etratis xelnawerebic aqvs SesaniSnavis zed-war-werebiT, magram daexiaT zogi maTgani viRac uvicebs dawylis WurWlis Tav-dasacobad Turme hxmarobdeno.

rogorc umetes nawils Cvens udabno-monastrebSi, iseWeliSSiac ar aris jerjerobiT rigianad mowyobili qarTu-lis galobis saqme, Tumca aq, rogorc zeviTa vsTqviT, aTa-mde beria Sevrdomili. es miT ufro samwuxaroa, rom mTeliraWa am mxriv Zlier CamorCenilia saqarTvelos yvela kuTx-eebs.

xSirad ikiTxaven xolme: imisTana morwmune erSi, rogoric

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iyvnen dasabamiTve qarTvelebi, ram dascao ase Zlierad sar-wmunoeba?

Cvenis azriT, Cvens xalxSi sarwmunoeba Seasusta iman,rom axal-axal mRvdlebisagan aRar ismis aRarc cocxalisityva, aRarc qadageba, aRarc galoba da aRarc darigeba.

magram darwmunebuli varT, WeliSis monasterSi mama am-brosis mecadineobiT male eSveleba am satkivars. (2,5-7).

arqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosiarqimandriti ambrosisityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSisityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSisityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSisityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSisityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSiilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTzeilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTzeilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTzeilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTzeilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTze

vkadnierdebi da vbedav mec am didebuli cxedris winaSevsTqva oriode sityva.

dRes mTeli saqarTvelos dastiris didebuli mamuliSvi-lis cxedars. dRes saqarTvelom dahkarga udiadesi mgosani,saucxovo da Tavdadebuli sazogado moRvawe, siamaye erovnu-li literaturisa. ara gvyavs ilia grigolis Ze WavWavaZe, _moWirnaxule Tavis erisa. is moikla barbarosebis binZurisxeliT.

magram mokvda ki didebuli ilia? `iqmen morwmune vidresikvdiladmde, da mogce Sen gvirgvini igi cxovrebisao~(gamocx. 2,10), gvibrZanebs Cven ufali, mociquli ioanneRvTismetyvelis piriT da amiT gvisaxavs imas, Tu ranairiunda viyoT Cven am qveynad, rom davimkvidroT saukuno gvir-gvini ukvdavebisa. netaria is, vinc am qveynad pirnaTladasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, swams da Tavganwirulad emsax-ureba simarTles, amas isaxavs moqmedeba-moRvaweobis safuZ-vlad: `patiosan ars winaSe uflisa sikvdili~ amnairis ka-cisa (fsal. 115.6). is ukvdavia misi namoqmedariT, misi xsov-na ukunisamde darCeba madlier erSi. amisTana kaci sikvdil-is Semdegac Tavisis namoqmedar-naRvawiT maswavlebeli dadamrigebelia, radgan, mociqulis TqmiT, is sikvdilis Sem-

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degac metyvelebs (ebr. 11,4).maSasadame ar momkvdara iliac; is cocxalia. is mxolod

gardaicvala sikvdilisagan cxovrebad. Tumca dasdumdnenmWermetyvelebiT ganTqmulni bageni, magram saqmeni misnimWermetyveluradve RaRadeben da iRaRadeben. is Tvisi naS-rom-naRvawiT ukvdavad darCeba, sanam qarTveli eri iarse-bebs. vityodi metsac: qarTveli eric rom gadagvardes, uku-RmarT dro-garemoebaTa gamo, maSinac ar iqneba dakargulididebul mgosan-moRvawis xsovna, vinaiTgan am didebulisaqarTvelos Svilis nawarmoebi ekuTvnis ara marto qarTv-el ers, aramed mTel kacobriobas, romlis nawilsac Sead-gens qarTveloba.

gansvenebuli didebulia Tavisi mravlamxrivi moRvaweo-biT samSoblos sakeTildReod. misi Rvawlis sidiade arismizezi, rom ase mwared dastiris mas mTeli saqarTvelo.magram, qarTvelno, ara dauviwyari didebuli iliaa saglo-vo-satirali, aramed bedisagan ganwiruli Cveni samSoblo,_ misi damkargveli. gana ar kmaroda, rac ukuRmarT dro-viTarebam ubedureba dagvatexa Tavze, rom Cven TviTon auw-ereli ubedureba ar migvematebia?! magram dasajerebeli kia,es umagaliTo barbarosuli mkvleloba Caedinos saqarTve-los Svils. Svils im saqarTvelosi, romlis Tavganwiru-lad samsaxurSi gaatara gansvenebulma mTeli ormocdaaTiweliwadi.

Tu ki es brali daedo qarTvelobas, maSin WeSmaritadCveni gaxrwnileba, zneobrivi dacema, veluroba, ukuRmarTo-ba iqneba satirali. amas unda Rrmad CaufiqrdeT, Tu gvindadavrCeT qarTvel erad. gansvenebuli ki netaria. man keTi-lad ganvlo gza, misi navali da kvali waruSlelia, eklianigza gakafulia. is ukanasknel wuTamdis erTgulad emsaxure-boda im idealebs, romlebic am naxevari saukunis winaTairCia qarTveli eris sakeTildReod; erTis nabijiTac argadauxvevia, ar uRalatnia maTTvis da amisaTvis, mociqulisTqmisaebr, gza ars misTvis `gvirgvini cxovrebisa~ (gamocx.

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2,10), gvirgvini ukvdavebisa.didebul gvamTa gardacvalebasac ki aqvs CvenTvis raime

mniSvneloba, isic uTuod rames gvaswavlis.miviCnioT es bar-barosTagan daRvrili sisxli Cvens erovnul codvaTa ganm-wmendad, ukuRmarT gzidan momqcevad, mTlad saqarTvelosSvilTa SemaerTeblad, ganmamtkiceblad.

SevficoT am winamdebare cxedars, rom viqnebiT namdviliaRmasrulebeli am mcnebisa, romelic gansvenebulma TvisismoRvaweobiT gvianderZa.

Tu Cven gveqneba erToba erovnul idealebis msaxurebaSi,maSin ueWvelia Cveni samSoblo mxare SeiZlebs kidev war-moSobis iliasebri didebuli moRvaweni da maSin ki sab-olood ganixarebs gansvenebulis didebuli ukvdavi suli.

RmerTo maRalo da Zliero, gvakmare es ubedureba. esiyos ukanaskneli msxverpli, samSoblos sakeTildReod daCvenTan erovnul codvaTa saxsrad Sewiruli erovnul tra-pezad. sidiade am msxverplisa Tavdebia, rom momavalSi CveniukuRmarToba, Cveni Seugnebloba mospobil iqneba da erTo-bilis ZaliT SevudgebiT pirnaTlad samsaxurs samSoblomxaris aRorZinebisas. Tu amnairi Rvawli dagvdo Cven ammsxverplis sisxlma, Tu Cven SegvaerTa mamulisaTvis Tavdadeb-iT samsaxurisTvis es iqneba ukanaskneli WeSmaritad didiRvawli didebulis iliasi, _ misi xangrZlivi Sromis sa-surveli nayofi da gvirgvini. Cvenis mxriTac es iqneba nam-dvili valis moxda, misi anderZis aRsruleba da Tan saukeTesopativiscemac gansvenebulis xsovnisa. RmerTman mogvces amissaSualeba.

saukunod iyos xseneba Seni, mamulisaTvis Tavdadebulo,didebulo mgosano iliav!~ (12, 539).

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sityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZissityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZissityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZissityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZissityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZismier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlismier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlismier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlismier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlismier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlis12(25) marts12(25) marts12(25) marts12(25) marts12(25) marts

arc erT kulturul-istoriul ers ar dastexia despo-tur ruseTisagan iseTi ubedureba da sulierad Tu qone-brivad ganiaveba, rogorc Cven, _ qarTvelobas! ar vici,romeli erTi daviCivlo, romeli erTi: Cveni damcireba TuSeuracxyofa aRvniSno?! ra gviyo despotiis momsaxure mox-eleebma! ramdenjer agviwiokes ruseTTan Tavis nebiT, uf-lebriv traqtatiT SekavSirebuli samSoblo! ramdenjermandili mohxades Cvens umanko dedebs, debs da Svilebs,qveyanas namusi ahxades!.. ramdeni vaJkacni gamxdaran msxver-plni ganukiTxav TviTnebobisa! ramden maTgans daulevia sulidespotis cixe-satusaRoebSi, ramdenTa ZvlebiT mokenWilacimbiris katorRebi da tundra-Waobebi?! oh, usamarTloddasjilno, umanko msxverplno, Cveno mecxramete saukunisdido mowmeno, netaro anton kaTalikozo, filadelfos kikna-Zeno, dodaSvilno, ismineT Cveni Tqvendami oxvra da sulTq-ma! exla mainc gaixareT suliT!

Semogvisies sxvadasxva erni!!! Camogvisaxles vigindarebi,gaamefes erTa Soris siZulvili, Suri da damRupavi qiSpo-ba, rom erTmaneTi amogveWama, raTa Cveni mziani, turfa datkbili samSoblo xelidgan gamogvcloda da maT darCeno-daT...

esec ar gvakmares, Seexnen adamianis wmida-wmidas, _ sin-disi SegvibRales, Cvens mxcovan sveticxovels gumbaTi gada-umtvries, eklesias Tavi mosWres; samSoblodan gagvaZeves,iq Cagvkles, Cagvasamares. iveriis samociqulo eklesias gen-eral tormasovis gankargulebiT ruseTis sinodi daudginesmmarTvelad egzarqosebis saSualebiT! ruseTis eklesia, _es umcrosi dai iveriis eklesiisa _ batonad dagvidgines,raTa debi erTmaneTisaTvis SeeZulebinaT. Selaxes da daar-Rvies eklesiuri, msoflio krebaTagan dadgenili kanonebi.

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CamogvarTves Cveni ZvelisZveli siwminde-samlocveloe-bi, taZar-monastrebi, Cveni mowamebrivi eris sisxliT aTasjermorwyulni da maT kedlebze misxmul tviniT gapoxilni.Cven ganmanaTlebel wm. ninos saTayvanebeli saflavic ki ardaindes, CamogvarTves, vigindara moloznebs gadaces da Cve-ni eris gadagvarebis bude-iaraRad dasaxes. gaZarcves xate-bi, Zvirfasi samkaulebi, fuTobiT Tval-margaliti gazides,gagvaRatakes 140 milionad Sefasebuli iveriis eklesiisadgil-mamuli CamogvarTves da saxazinod Seracxes, ekle-sias da mis msaxurT ki lukma dauZvires, gaaCanages, ekono-miur monobaSi Cagvyares, raTa ufro advilad gavenadgure-bieT.

esec ar gvakmares! zneobrivad imzom dagvaqveiTes qarTve-li samRvdeloeba, rom sakuTari xeliT Cven TviTon vsCiC-qnidiT Tvalebs uflebaayril deda-eklesias...

wagvkides erTmaneTs, dasTeses CvenSi iseTi RvarZli, romdResac am ganaxlebis da aRorZinebis momentSic ki veravmaRlebulvarT da Tavi ver dagviRwevia gamanadgurebelintrigebisaTvis! samSoblodan gagviZeves saxelovani swav-lulni, mxcovani ierarqi kirioni, gulwrfelni, faqizni dasimarTlisaTvis wamebulni _ episkoposni daviTi da arqiman-driti ambrosi.

Cveni Zmani da Tanamwirvelni svavebiviT Sesevian Cvensmonastrebs da daurideblad RrRnian, krexaven! es daknineb-uli mtaceblebi wiTel-yviTel jvar-mendlebiT da lent-bant-orden-mitrebiT morTul-mokazmulni sicil-xarxaxiTda udardelad dros tarebiT ufskrulSi miaqaneben mSob-liur qveyanas da mis eklesias.

magram... CvenTan ars RmerTi! dahkra ganaxlebis, aRorZinebisda Cveni eklesiis aRdginebis Jamma!.. vupatronoT mSobeleklesias, romlis dedobriv kalTaSi aRizarda qarTvelieris cnobili Zveli da axali qristianuli kultura. vupa-tronoT sisxlSi ganbanil, mowamebriv SaravandediT mosiliveriis eklesias!..

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Cveni eklesia mudam sinaTlis, simarTlis da sixarulismTesveli iyo, sanam mis majiscemas sxva ar daudga darajad.is arasodes ar cdilobda erze gabatonebuliyo! Cvenma ek-lesiam ar icis ra aris evropuli anu sinodaluri klerikal-izmi, demokratiuli eris eklesia ar SeiZleba iyos sxva, Tuara devnilTa, maSvralTa da tvirTmZimeTa mzurveli deda...

ismine, ufalo, Segvewie Cveno saso RvTismSobelo, kvarTouflisao, mirono mcxeTisao, gvioxeT wmindanno nino, mirianda nana, netarno kaTalikosno, mRvdelT-mTavarno, mefeno,dedofalno da mamuliSvilno, aq gansvenebulno!.. vficavT,arasodes dagaobloT, Cveno sveticxovelo!...

gaumarjos Tavisufal saqarTvelos da avtokefalur, jvarismtvirTvel iveriis eklesias!~ (14, 025995).

Tqveno uwmidesobav!Tqveno uwmidesobav!Tqveno uwmidesobav!Tqveno uwmidesobav!Tqveno uwmidesobav!

22 oqtombers CvenTvis samudamod samaxsovro dRes, rocaqarTvelma erma amdeni pativi dasdo saqarTvelosadmi Cemsmier siyvaruls da Cems mwerlur Sromas gaumarTa ormociwlis iubile, me Tqveni saxeliT momesalma manglelimRvdelmTavari.

maSin moklebuli viyavi saSaulebas, gadameca Cemi uRrme-si madloba Tqveni uwmidesobisa da qarTveli samRvdeloeb-is mimarT. axla ki am weriliT madlobas giZRvniT Tqven damTel qarTvel samRvdeloebas, romelmac pativi mca iu-bileze daswrebiT da ase daafasa Cemi Sroma samwerlo as-parezze. amasTan erTad minda davsZino, rom mTel Cems cx-ovrebaSi bednierad vracx Tavs, rom davkavSirdi keTilSo-bil qarTvel erTan. Cemi Rrma rwmenaa, rom qarTveli eri,istoriulad ase tanjuli, daimkvidrebs kacobriobaSi imadgils, romlis Rirsic aris misi aTaswlovani kultura,rom es eri ganamtkicebs qristianul kulturas, romlisapologetic iyo amden saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, da rom-

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lisTvisac amdeni wmida sisxli dauRvria, Tqveni uwmideso-bis mociqulebrivi moRvaweoba aris amis sawindari.

Tqveni uwmidesobisa da qarTveli eris maradi pativism-cemeli artur laisti 1922 w. (2, 35).

uwmides konstantinopolis patriarqs basil III, antio-qiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis patriarqis grigol III,uwmides damianes ierusalimis patriarqs, uwmides nikolozsaleqsandriis patriarqs.

gangebiTa RmrTisaiTa 1921 wlis ivlisis TerTmets gar-daicvala saWeTmpyrobeli iveriis eklesiisa. kaTolikos-pa-triarqi leonidi. imave wlis 5 seqtembers RvTiv gangrZno-bilman krebaman morwmune erisa da samRvdelo dasisgan mTa-varepiskoposad mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-kos-patriarqad aRirCia uRirseba Cemi.

vZrwi da vSiSob, raJams gulisxma vyof mZimesa mas uRel-sa, romelic gangebaman RmrTisagan damakisra me, garna viTval-iswineb ra iveriis eklesia saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi mudmi-vad poulobda nugeSsa da daxmarebas erTmorwmune aRmosav-leTis eklesiebidan.

vsasoeb, aseT Svelasa da daxmarebas dResac ar iqnebamoklebuli igi da gulSematkivari deda, aRmosavleTis ek-lesia, zneobrivad axlac gauwvdis xels mas.~

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi.1921 w.~ (12, 539).

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kulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciazekulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciazekulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciazekulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciazekulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciazewarmodgenilswarmodgenilswarmodgenilswarmodgenilswarmodgenils

mona RvTisa ambrosi, sulieri mwyemsi dapatriarqi sruliad saqarTvelosa,qristes mier siyvaruliT moikiTxavs

jer kidev winaqristianuls xanaSi, kavkasiis ZirSi, Savi-sa da kaspis zRvebs Soris, qarTul modgmis tomebma Seqmnespatara sivrciT, magram Zlieri nebisyofiT da aqtualuriniWiT mdidari saxelmwifo, romelic cnobilia istoriaSisaqarTvelos saxeliT da romelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSierTaderTi matarebeli iyo wina aziaSi qristianuli kul-turisa da evropuli humanizmisa.

meTvramete saukunis gasuls, gareSe mtrebTan brZolaSiZalamixdili qarTveli eri nebayoflobiT miekedla erTmor-wmune ruseTs, im imediT, rom misi mfarvelobis qveS saqarTve-lo uzrunvelhyofda Tavis politikursa da erovnul arse-bobas, raica aSkarad aris aRniSnuli 1783 wlis saqarTve-los mefis erekle meorisa da ruseTis imperatorica ekat-erine meoris Soris dadebuls politikur traqtatSi, ma-gram, samwuxarod, gacruebul imedebis amara darCenili CemisamSoblo 117 wlis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis biurokratiisaganganicdida mxolod mwvave despotiasa da autanel Seviwrovebas.amitom 1917 wels erma gamoacxada damoukidebloba da dauy-ovnebliv xeli mohkida Tavisi politikuri da erovnul-kulturuli cxovrebis restavracias. miuxedavad imisa, romam muSaobaSi mas aferxebdnen Sinauri da gareSe mtrebi, mangamoiCina iseTi niWi da erovnuli SemoqmedebiTi energia,rom sami wlis Semdeg ganaTlebulma evropam scno misisaxelmwifoebrivi unari da adgili uboZa saqarTvelosdamoukidebel, suverenul-politikur erTeulTa Soris.rasakvirvelia, amas ver Seurigdeboda misi yofili batoni,mcire erTa mCagvreli ruseTi: man dasZra saqarTvelos

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sazRvrebisken saokupacio armia da 1921 wlis 25 Tebervalsusworo brZolaSi sisxlidan daclili saqarTvelos xelme-ored daadga kiserze iseTi mZime da samarcxvino monobisuReli, romlis msgavsi mas ar ganucdia Tavis mravalsauku-novan istoriaSi. okupantebi, marTalia, lamoben Sin da ga-reT yvelani daarwmunon, rom maT gaanTavisufles da gaabed-nieres qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad hgrZnobs TavsqarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me. misma suliermamamam da dRes dReobiT erTaderTma namdvilma moZRvarma,romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumali Zafebida romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba. Tamamad dagauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsper-imentebi, romelsac axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucile-blad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulierad gav-elurebis da gaxrwnis karamde! ers arTmeven mama-papaTa sisx-liT da ZvlebiT gapoxierebul miwa-tyes, romelsac ucxo-eTidan SemoxiznulT urigeben; maTi wyalobiT isedac ga-Ratakebul ers piridan hglejen misi sisxliTa da ofliTmoweul sarCos da gaugebaris siCqariT imav ucxoeTSi miez-idebian. ers ugmoben da arTmeven mSobliur enas, mas ubil-waven mamapapur erovnul kulturas; dasasrul, ubRalavenwmindaTa-wmindas, sarwmunoebriv grZnobas da sindisis Tavisu-flebis droSis qveS, nebas ar aZleven Tavisuflad daikmay-ofilos religiuri moTxovnileba; misi samRvdeloeba uki-duresad devnilia; misi eklesia, es Zvelis ZvelTave faq-tori saqarTvelos erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi amaRlebisada Zlierebisa, dRes ufleba ayrilia, imdenad, rom nebac kiara aqvs Tavisi SromiT, garjilobiT da unariT moipovosmudmivi saxsari arsebobisa. erTi sityviT, eri gminavs, ma-gram saSualeba ara aqvs xmis amoRebisa. amgvar pirobebSiCems mwyemsmTavrul movaleobada vracx kulturuli kaco-briobis gasagonad vsTqva: me rogorc eklesiis warmomad-geneli, ar Sevdivar politikuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva forme-bis dafasebasa da reglamentaciaSi. magram ar SemiZlia ar

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visurvo Cemi erisTvis iseTi wyobileba, romelic Sedare-biT ufro metad Seuwyobs xels mis fizikur aRorZinebasda kulturulad ganviTarebas. amitom viTxov: 1. dauyovneblivgayvanil iqnes saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan ruseTis saokupa-cio jari da uzrunvelyofili iqnes misi miwa-wyali ucx-oelTa TareSobisa da mZlavroba-mitacebisagan. 2. saSualebamieces qarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautanebliv da ukar-naxod moawyos Tavisi cxovreba ise, rogorc es mas unda,SeimuSaos iseTi formebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa,rogoric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebas daerovnul-kulturas Seesabameba.

sruli imedi maqvs, rom maRal pativcemuli konferencia,romelsac miznad dausaxavs gaarkvios udidesi problemebikacobriobis cxovrebisa da daamyaros qveyanaze samarTlianobada Tavisufleba, ar ugulebelhyofs patara saqarTveloselementarul moTxovnilebas, dRes Cemis piriT warmoTqmuls,da daixsnis mas Zalmomreobisa da samarcxvino monobis klan-Webidan.

kurTxeva uflisa iyos Tqvenzeda da Tqvens keTilSobil-ur miswrafebasa da muSaobaze.

mdabali ambrosi, patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa,7/II-22 w. tfilisi~ (16, 516).

aleqsandre manveliSvilialeqsandre manveliSvilialeqsandre manveliSvilialeqsandre manveliSvilialeqsandre manveliSviliambrosi Tavdadebuliambrosi Tavdadebuliambrosi Tavdadebuliambrosi Tavdadebuliambrosi Tavdadebuli

1922 wels saqarTveloSi, kerZod svaneTsa da xevsureT-Si, brZolebi mimdinareobda sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRm-deg. es mTelma qveyanam icoda. bolSevikebi Seecadnen genuiskonferenciis gaxsnamde am ajanyebis likvidacia moexdinaT,magram ver SeZles da swored am dros genuis konferen-ciaze gaisma xma saqarTvelos kaTolikosisa, ambrosis memo-

155

randumis saxiT. saqarTvelos kaTolikosma Tavi gaswira sam-SoblosaTvis da Seqmnil jojoxeTur pirobebSi, Tbilisidanxma miawoda konferencias. memorandumSi dawvrilebiT arisaRwerili saqarTvelos ubeduri mdgomareoba da ganaTlebu-li kacobriobisagan moiTxovs daxmarebas. memorandumi wak-iTxul iqna konferenciaze, ramac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina.garedan moqmedebda saqarTvelos araoficialuri delegacia,romelsac cda ar dauklia rom saqarTvelos sakiTxSi mTe-li msoflio TanagrZoba da daxmareba moepovebina~ (2, 39).

prof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTlozeprof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTlozeprof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTlozeprof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTlozeprof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTloze

memorandumis Sinaarss vicnob, Cemi SexedulebiT saekle-sio kanonebis mixedviT kaTolikos ambrosis hqonda misigagzavnis ufleba. amis magaliTebi bevria saqarTvelos war-sulSi. kaTolikos ambrosis vicnob rogorc Cinebul pub-licists. mixedviT misi werilobiTi gamosvlebisa ruseTissinodis winaaRmdeg da agreTve sxva mecnieruli naSromebiT.kidev amas davumatebdi, rom is gulaxdili da patiosanikacia. (16, 300).

saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)moxsenebidanmoxsenebidanmoxsenebidanmoxsenebidanmoxsenebidan

`kaTolikosi ambrosi da sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi ardakmayofildnen genuis konferenciaze kontrrevoluciurimowodebiT da ganagrZnobdnen saqarTvelos sabWoTa respub-likis winaaRmdeg mimarTul politikas, rac gamoixata ima-Si, rom 1923 wlis 9 ianvars sakaTalikoso sabWo, romlisTavmjdomare iyo kaTolikosi ambrosi. mas saxalxo komisar-Ta sabWom gaugzavna telefonograma. imis Sesaxeb, rom saxko-msabWos #68-e dadgenilebiT respublikis teritoriaze

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arsebuli samxedro taZrebi gadaeca komunisturi axalgazr-dobis kavSirs da amitom evaleba sabWos gaugzavnos imaveianvars 10-s pirvel saaTze Tavisi ori warmomadgeneli Si-nagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi. Tbilisis samxedrotaZrebis mRvdelmsaxurebis da sxva sagnebis Casabareblad.am telefonogramis sapasuxod sakaTalikoso sabWom kaTo-likos ambrosis TavmjdomareobiT aseTi dadgenileba gam-oitana. Zalisa gamo 1921 wlis #21 dekretisa, ver scnoTavisaTvis SesaZleblad dasTmos Tbilisis wmida giorgis(yofili samxedro) taZari ara sarwmunoebrivi miznebisaTvis...amgvarma gamolaSqrebebma kidev erTxel naTelyo is, romsakaTalikoso sabWos kaTolikos ambrosis meTaurobiT au-Ria Seurigebeli gezi saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikismimarT. (16, 300, 36).

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomaresmoq. k. cincaZesmoq. k. cincaZesmoq. k. cincaZesmoq. k. cincaZesmoq. k. cincaZes

`gaaxlebT ra amasTanave Cem mier aRTqmul werils, maqvspativi gTxovoT gasceT gankarguleba, rom Tu saWiro ariqneba piradad Tqven mier Cemi naxva, nu inebebT Cems dabare-bas, gansakuTrebiT im saxiT, rogorc adgili hqonda dRes:movida ubaraToT erTi ymawvili da gadasca Cems msaxursdauyovnebliv gamovcxadebuliyavi komisiaSi.~

kaTalikosi ambrosi, 1922 w. 26 ivnisi. (16, 516).

saqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisarssaqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisarssaqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisarssaqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisarssaqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisars

`ukve mesame kvira gadis, rac dapatimrebulni arian sakaTa-likoso sabWos sami wevri, mec akrZaluli maqvs binidangasvla, mTxovnelebis miReba da maSasadame Cemi movaleobisaRsruleba, iqmneba uxerxuli mdgomareoba, gTxovT daaCqar-

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oT saqmis gamoZieba, rom rac SeiZleba male bolo moeRosgaurkvevel da arasasurvel mdgomareobas~.

kaTolikosi ambrosi. 1923 weli. 20 ianvari. (16, 516).

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis TavmjdomaressaqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomares

`Cemi patimruli cxovrebis pirobebSi sionis taZris ezoSigadasaxlebiT ramdenadme gamoicvala. sakaTolikoso saxlSimqonda karis eklesia, sadac SemeZlo wirva-locvis Ses-ruleba, axla ki karis eklesia ara maqvs. da amisaTvis gTx-ovT rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT momceT ganmarteba, maqvs Tuara ufleba kvira uqme dReebSi Sevasrulo wirva-locvasionis sakaTedro taZarSi.~

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. 1923 w.8 ivlisi. (16, 516).

metexis cixis ufrossmetexis cixis ufrossmetexis cixis ufrossmetexis cixis ufrossmetexis cixis ufross

gTxovT miSuamdgomloT visTanac jer ars, rom viqne ga-dayvanili sagubernio cixeSi iq moTavsebuli dapatimrebulsamRvdelo pirebTan erTad.

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi

saq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaressaq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaressaq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaressaq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaressaq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos TavmjdomareskaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadebakaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadebakaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadebakaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadebakaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadeba

vinaidan Cemi saqmis garCeva, rogorc gazeTma gvacnobadainiSneba ama Tvis meore naxevarSi da radganac daskvniTidadgenileba ukve Cambarda vTxov sasamarTlos: 1. daminiS-nos damcvelebi, 2. momeces saSualeba gamoZiebis masalebisgaTvaliswinebisa, 3. mieces Cems Svilebs Cemi naxvis ufle-

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ba. 4. momeces neba mivide Cems binaze. Cemi piradi arqividanim masalebis amoRebisa, romelic gaamyarebs genuis konfer-enciaze gamogzavnil debulebebs.

saqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiissaqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiissaqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiissaqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiissaqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiis(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares

ama Tvis 13-Si me viyav mowveuli Tqven mier sagangebokomisiaSi. Cvenebis CamosarTmevad Cems mier genuis konfer-enciaze gagzavnili memorandumis gamo.

me vfiqrobdi, rom Cemi ganmarteba damakmayofilebeliiqneboda saqmis saTanado msvlelobisaTvis, magram Tqven mierdaniSnulma gamomZiebelma qavJaraZem momiwvia sagangebo ko-misiaSi da momTxova davasabuTo memorandumSi aRniSnulidebulebani. amis gamo saWirod vracx ganvacxado Semdegi.saqarTvelo damoukidebeli iyo 1918-1921 wlebSi. igi icnoruseTma 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT. miuxedavadamisa 1921 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis jarebma gadmolaxasaqarTvelos sazRvrebi da moaxdina qveynis okupacia, mospoqarTveli eris suverenoba. am garemoebas mohyva saqarTve-los daqucmaceba misi erTi nawili gadaeca azerbaijans,meore somxeTs, mesame axladSeqmnil avtonomiur oseTs. calkerespublikebis saxiT gamoeyo afxazeTi da aWara. saqarTve-los rkinigza SeuerTda ruseTisas, saqarTvelos jari gaiTqv-ifa ruseTisaSi, qarTuli ena ganidevna saxelmwifo dawese-bulebebidan.~

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. (16, 516).

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nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-marTlo sxdomis oqmidanmarTlo sxdomis oqmidanmarTlo sxdomis oqmidanmarTlo sxdomis oqmidanmarTlo sxdomis oqmidan

mosamarTle wivwivaZe _ romel enaze iyo dawerili memo-randumi?

kaTolikosi ambrosi _ qarTul enaze.mosamarTle baraTaSvili _ ra xasiaTi hqonda Tqvens mem-

orandums?kaTolikosi ambrosi _ genuis konferenciaze iyo saqarTve-

los warmomadgeneli da iq unda daculiyo Cveni eris suv-erenoba. vfiqrobdi, rom Cvens warmomadgenels es memoran-dumi daxmarebas gauwevda da mec amitom gavgzavne.

baraTaSvili iyo Tu ara SemTxveva, rom mRvdlebi propa-gandas eweodnen arsebuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg?

kaTolikos ambrosi _ ara, ar iyo. da rom yofiliyo mewinaaRmdegi wavidodi.

prokurori okujava _ Tu sabWoTa wyobileba ara, rogorwyobilebas iTxovdiT?

kaTolikosi ambrosi. iseTs, romelic xalxis survilzeiqneboda damyarebuli.

prokurori okujava _ xom iciT, rom sabWoTa mTavrobisxalxi irCevs?

kaTolikosi ambrosi. axla vici. pirveli yrilobis Sem-deg, memorandumis daweramde ase ar iyo.

mosamarTle erqomaiSvili. ra moelodi genuis konferen-ciaze gagzavnili memorandumiT?

kaTolikosi ambrosi _ vicavdi saqarTvelos saxlmwifoe-briv da eklesiur Tavisuflebis ideas.

mosamarTle _ risTvis iTxovdiT saqarTvelodan wiTeliarmiis gayvanas, romelic mSromeli xalxis interesebis dam-cvelia?

kaTolikosi ambrosi _ pasuxobs, rom man dResac ar icis,vis interesebs icavs wiTeli laSqari, rom rodesac iswiTeli laSqris gayvanas iTxovda. mas hqonda mxedvelobaSi

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intervencia, radganac intervencia xdeba jaris saSualebiT.kiTxvaze _ rodis iyo saqarTvelo Tavisufali adre Tu

wiTeli laSqris Semosvlamde braldeboda kaTolikosi upa-suxebs: wiTeli laSqris Semosvlamde. mas Semdeg ki, racwiTeli laSqari Semovida saqarTvelos damoukideblobadaikarga. da rom misi azriT xalxic ase fiqrobda.

SekiTxvaze: raSi xedavs kaTolikosi morwmuneTa intere-sebis Selaxvas da rodis iyo Selaxuli sarwmunoebriviinteresebi eklesiisa, kaTolikosi pasuxobs: sarwmunoebasnikoloz II icavda, magram me maSinac vibrZodi da exlacvitanjvi. Cemi dakvirvebiT sabWoTa xelisufleba Telavdasarwmunoebriv interesebs, amaSin me darwmunebuli viyavida es gamarTlda kidec.

sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare CxeiZe: memorandumSi Tqven naTq-vami gaqvT, rom qarTvel xalxs arTmeven miwa-wyals da urige-ben sxva erebs, damisaxeleT ra waarTves xalxs da vis gada-sces?

kaTolikosi ambrosi: aramcTu miwa-wyali, xalxic gada-cemulia sxva erebze. es damtkicdeba maSin, rodesac moitanTsaqarTvelos rukas.

Tavmjdomare: Tqven ambobT, rom winaaRmdegi xarT ucxosaxelmwifos Carevisa da TviTon ki iseT xalxs mimarTavT,romelnic mSromeli xalxis interesebs ar icaven!

kaTolikosi ambrosi: genuaSi iyo mowveuli samSvidobokonferencia, sadac sxvaTa Soris, irCeoda patara erebisTavisuflebis saqme. iq iyo wasuli saqarTvelos warmomad-geneli da me darwmunebuli viyavi, rom is daicavda saqarTve-los damoukiodeblobas. amitom vfiqrobdi memorandumis gziTmis daxmarebas.

sasamarTlos wevri rTvelaZe _ scnobT Tu ara, rom sab-WoTa xelisufleba aris xalxis Tavisuflebis damcveli?

kaTolikosi ambrosi: me minda saqarTveloSi mTavroba iyosdamoukidebeli. saqarTvelos mTavroba ki damokidebulia sxvaeris mTavrobaze.

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prokurori okujava: damisaxeleT, romeli sabuTis ZaliTwaerTva saqarTvelos damoukidebloba?

kaTolikosi ambrosi: intervenciiT.prokurori okujava: ratom uwodebT ruseTis laSqars

saokupacio laSqars?kaTolikosi ambrosi: imitom, rom man moaxdina saqarTve-

los okupacia.prokurori okujava: raSi gamoixata saqarTvelos damone-

ba ruseTis mxriv?kaTolikosi ambrosi: asoci wlis Tavisuflebis da

damoukideblobis maZebar xalxis Tavisuflebis intervenci-iT warTmevaSi.

prokurori okujava: damisaxeleT, raSi gamoixata fiz-ikuri gadaSeneba xalxisa?

kaTolikosi ambrosi: enis devnaSi, teritoriis sxvis xe-lSi gadacemaSi da imaSi, rodesac xelisufleba qarTvelTaxelSi ar aris.

sasamarTlos wevri erqomaiSvili: magaliTad raSi gam-oixata ruseTis jaris Careva eklesiis TavisuflebaSi?

kaTolikosi ambrosi: Tavisufal ers unda hyavdes Tavis-ufali jari, ramdenadac Tavisufalia eri, imdenad Tavisu-falia eklesiac. (16, 300).

saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21

saxelmwifodan eklesiis da eklesiidan skolis gamoy-ofis Sesaxeb:

1) sarwmunoeba kerZo saqmea yovelive moqalaqisa. yovelmoqalaqes SeuZlian aRiaros esa Tu is sarwmunoeba, an araRiaros srulebiT araviTari sarwmunoeba.

2) mikuTvneba ama Tu im sarwmunoebisadmi ar qmnis mo-qalaqesaTvis raime upiratesobas an privilegias.

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3) eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan.4) akrZalulia gamocema yovelgvar iseT adgilobriv kanon-

ebisa da dadgenilebaTa, romelTac SeuZliaT sindisis Tavisu-flebis Seviwroeba an da SezRudva. yovelgvari uflebriviSezRudva, dakavSirebuli ama Tu im sarwmunoebis aRiare-basTan an da sazogado sarwmunoebis uaryofasTan. gauqmebulia.

SeniSvna. yvela oficialuri aqtebis Sesrulebis drosama Tu im sarwmunoebisadmi mikuTvnebis dasaxeleba uaryo-filia.

5) saxelmwifoebriv da sxva sazogadoebriv uflebrivdawesebulebaTa moqmedebas araviTari religiuri wesebis daceremoniebis Sesruleba Tan ar axlavs.

6) Tavisufali Sesruleba religiuri wesebisa uzrunve-lyofilia imdenad, ramdenad isini ar arRveven sazogadoe-briv wesrigs da ar warmoadgenen moqalaqeTa uflebebisSelaxvis cdas. adgilobriv xelisuflebas ufleba aqvs mi-iRos aseT SemTxvevaSi saTanado zomebi sazogadoebriv wes-rigis da mSvidobianobis uzrunvelsayofad.

7) aravis ar SeuZlian Tavisi religiur SexedulebebzedayrdnobiT mxari auxvios Tavis moqalaqobriv movaleobaTaSesrulebas. gamonaklisi erTi moqalaqobrivi movaleobismeoreTi Secvlis pirobiT daSveba yovel kerZo SemTxvevaSisaxalxo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.

8) sarwmunoebrivi fici ispoba, aucilebel SemTxvevaSiunda dadebul iqnas mxolod sazeimo aRTqma.

9) moqalaqobrivi viTarebis aqtebi warmoebul unda iqnasmxolod samoqalaqo xelisuflebis mier, saxeldobr, mo-qalaqeobriv viTarebis aRnusxvis ganyofilebis saSualebiT.

10) skola gamoyofilia eklesiisagan.11) sarwmunoebrivi sagnebis swavleba yvela saxelmwifo,

sazogado da agreTve kerZo saswavleblebSi, sadac gadiansazogado ganaTlebis sagnebs, daSvebuli ar aris. moqalaqeTSeuZlianT aswavlon da iswavlon sarwmunoebrivi sagnebikerZoT.

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12) yvela saeklesio da religiuri sazogadoebebi emor-Cilebian saerTo wesebs Sesaxeb kerZo sazogadoebebisa dakavSirebisa da ar sargebloben araviTar upiratesobiT dasubsidiiT arc saxelmwifosa da arc misi adgilobriv ansxvagvar avtonomiur da TviTmarTvel dawesebulebidan.

13) arc iZulebiTi gadasaxadebi saeklesio da religiursazogadoebaTa sasargeblod, agreTve arc ZaldatanebiT andamsjeli zomebi am sazogadoebebis mxriv maTive TanawevrTamimarT ar SeiZleba daSvebul iqnas.

14) saeklesio da religiur sazogadoebebs ar aqvT nebakerZo sakuTrebis flobisa, agreTve iuridiuli pirovnebisuflebasac moklebuli arian.

15) saqarTvelos respublikaSi arsebuli saeklesio dareligiur sazogadoebaTa mTeli qoneba cxaddeba saxalxosakuTrebaT.

Senobebi da sagnebi, romelnic daniSnulni arian spe-cialurad saRvTisamsaxuro miznebisaTvis, ufasod eZlevaTsaxmareblad saTanado sarwmunoebriv sazogadoebebs cen-tralur an da adgilobriv saxelmwifoebrivi xelisufleb-is gansakuTrebuli dadgenilebiT.

eklesiis saxelmwifodan da skolis eklesiidan gamoy-ofis dekretis Sesaxeb instruqcia saxalxo komisariatismier gamoqveynebuli iqneba calke.

s. s. s. r. revkomis Tavmjdomaris moadgilem oraxelaS-vili.

revkomis mdivani S. gabriCiZe.1921 w. aprilis 15 dResa.tfilisi_sasaxle.

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sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-bis wesis darRveva.bis wesis darRveva.bis wesis darRveva.bis wesis darRveva.bis wesis darRveva.

123. mosatyuebeli moqmedebis Cadena xalxSi crumorwmu-noebis aRsaZravad, agreTve amiT raime sargeblobis mosa-poveblad gamoiwvevs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas erT wlamde anamave vadiT iZulebiT muSaobas.

124. swavleba mcirewlovanTa da ara srulwlovanTaTvisreligiuri moZRvrebisa saxelmwifo an kerZo saswavlebel-sa da skolaSi gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas erT wlamde.

125. yovelive Zaldataneba saeklesio da religiuri or-ganizaciisa da jgufis sasargeblod gadasaxadis akrefisdros gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde, adgilo-briv sabWosTan xelSekrulebis dadebis uflebis CamorT-meviT or wlamde RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro qonebisa daSenobis moxmarebis Sesaxeb da organizaciis qonebis kon-fiskaciiT.

126. miTviseba religiuri an saeklesio organizaciis miersaadministracio, samosamarTlo an saqveyno samarTlis xas-iaTis sxva funqciisa an da iuridiuli pirovnebis uflebisagamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde aRniSnuli orga-nizaciis likvidaciiT da misi qonebis konfiskaciiT.

127. Sesruleba saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv dawese-bulebasa da sawarmoSi religiuri wesisa, agreTve moTavse-ba am SenobaSi raime religiuri gamoxatulebisa gamoiwvevsiZulebiT muSaobas sam Tvemde an jarimis 300 maneTamde (c.a. l-is 1925 w. oqtombris 6 dadg. # 45 (kan. kr. 1925 w. #3, mux. 68)).

128. xelis SeSla religiuri wesis asrulebisaTvis, ukeTues wesi ar daarRvevs sazogadoebriv wesierebas, da misSesrulebas Tan ara sdevs moqalaqeTa uflebis Selaxva,gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde.

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moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Sesaxebmoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Sesaxebmoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Sesaxebmoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Sesaxebmoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis SesaxebSinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmartebaSinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmartebaSinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmartebaSinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmartebaSinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmarteba

cirkuliari #66cirkuliari #66cirkuliari #66cirkuliari #66cirkuliari #66moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebismoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebismoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebismoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebismoqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis

registraciis damoukideblad samRvdeloregistraciis damoukideblad samRvdeloregistraciis damoukideblad samRvdeloregistraciis damoukideblad samRvdeloregistraciis damoukideblad samRvdelopirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebispirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebispirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebispirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebispirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebis

Sesrulebis uflebis SesaxebSesrulebis uflebis SesaxebSesrulebis uflebis SesaxebSesrulebis uflebis SesaxebSesrulebis uflebis Sesaxeb

moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Camwer adgilobriviorganoebis SekiTxvebis gamo, akrZaluli aqvT Tu ara sam-Rvdelo pirT sarwmunoebrivi wesebis (monaTvla, dasafla-veba, jvris wera da sxva) Sesruleba ama Tu im moqalaqo-brivi mdgomareobis aqtis `mmaC~-is organoSi registracia-Si gatarebamde, Sinagan saqmeTa da iusticiis saxalxo ko-misariatebi ganmartaven:

`eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis~ dekretis Tanax-mad samRvdelo pirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebis Ses-ruleba aris kerZo saqme da ramdenad am wesebis Sesrulebaar ewinaaRmdegeba momqmed kanonmdeblobas da ar arRvevsarsebul wesrigs, samRvdelo pirT ufleba aqvT Seasrulonigi Tavisuflad, yovelgvar Seviwroebis gareSe.

aRniSnulis gamo samRvdelo pirT SeuZliaT SeasrulonmonaTvla, jvris wera, dasaflaveba da sxva sarwmunoebriviwesebi dabadebis qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis aqtebis reg-istraciaSi gatarebamde, amave dros, radganac saqarTveloss. s. r. kanonmdeblobiT moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqteb-is amonaweris gacema mikuTvnebuli aqvT `mmaC~-is orga-noebs.

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dadgenileba #42dadgenileba #42dadgenileba #42dadgenileba #42dadgenileba #42sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluriaRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa daaRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa daaRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa daaRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa daaRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa da

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTasaqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTasaqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTasaqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTasaqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTasabWosisabWosisabWosisabWosisabWosi

miwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxebmiwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxebmiwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxebmiwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxebmiwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxeb

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa me-2 mowvevis centraluriaRmasrulebeli komitetis me-2 sesiis 1924 wl. martis 10TariRisa da 77 #2 dadgenilebis me-2 muxlis Tanaxmad,sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrulebelikomitetis prezidiumi da saqarTvelos s. s. r. saxalxokomisarTa sabWo adgenen:

miwis kodeqsis me-9 muxli Seicvalos Semdegnairad:`miwis sargeblobis ufleba soflis meurneobis sawar-

moeblad aqvs saqarTvelos socialisturi sabWoTa respub-likis yvela moqalaqes (ganurCevlad sqesisa, erovnebisa dasarwmunoebisa), vinc moisurvebs miwis sakuTaris SromiTdamuSavebas.

moqalaqe, romelic moisurvebs miwis miRebas Tavisi SromiTdasamuSaveblad, miiRebs miwas miwadmoqmedebis saxalxo ko-misariatis saTanado organosagan, ukeTu am organos moe-poveba soflis meurneobisaTvis gamosadegi saTadarigo mi-wis fondi.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis Tavmjdomare f. maxaraZe.

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTavmjdomare _ S. eliava.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis mdivani _ s. Todria.

1925 w. seqtembris 21tfilisi _ sasaxle.`komunisti~, 1925 w. # 222 seqtembris 27.

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ganmartebaganmartebaganmartebaganmartebaganmartebasruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri

aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82

mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9mux. Secvlis gamo. sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa cen-traluri aRmasrulebeli komiteti auqmebs miwis kodeqsisme-9 da 82 muxlis Sesaxeb 1924 w. ivnisis 4-s TariRiTgamocemul Tavis ganmartebas da xelaxlad ganmartavs.

1. kultis msaxurs da mis ojaxis wevrs miwa miecemasaerTo wesiT (miw. kod. me-9 da Semdegi muxlebi), amasTanavesakiTxs miwis micemis Sesaxeb gadaswyvets samazro saadg-ilmamulo organo.

ukeTu Txovna Tavisufali an saTadarigo miwebidan xe-laxla miwis gacemis Sesaxeb, Semova erTsa da imave droskultis msaxurisa da iseTi moqalaqisagan, romelic mSromelmiwaTmomqmed mosaxleobas ekuTvnis da romelic kultismsaxuri ar aris, pirvel rigSi miwiT dakmayofilebul undaiqnes zemoxsenebuli moqalaqe.

is kultis msaxuri da misi ojaxis wevri, romelsacmiwis nakveTi ukve aqvs faqtiur Sromis sargeblobaSi, Sein-arCunebs miwad sargeblobis uflebas sxva mSromel miwad-mosargebleebTan Tanabrad, SemdegSiac mas miwa SeiZlebaCamoerTvas mxolod im wesiT da im SemTxvevaSi, rac kanon-Sia aRniSnuli. amasTanave mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis gasamrje-los miReba miwiT sargeblobis uflebas kultis msaxurs aruspobs.

2. imave kodeqsis 82 muxli, romliTac saqarTvelos soc.sabW. respublikis yvela moqalaqes, visac ki soflad mud-mivi calke mosaxleoba aqvs, unda dautovos samosaxlo ad-gili, imisda miuxedavad, aqvs mas Tu ara miwiT Sromisufleba, _ hgulisxmobs agreTve religiuri kultis msax-

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urTac saerTod.sruliad saq. sabW. centr. aRmasr. komit. Tavmjd. f. maxaraZe.sruliad saq. sabW. centr. aRmasr. komit. mdivani s. Todria.

dadgenileba #124dadgenileba #124dadgenileba #124dadgenileba #124dadgenileba #124sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-li komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiurli komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiurli komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiurli komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiurli komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiur

sazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis SesaxebsazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis SesaxebsazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis SesaxebsazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis SesaxebsazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis Sesaxeb

raTa mtkiced ganxorcielebul iqnes ZiriTadi kanonisaxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSorebis Sesaxeb (1921 w. apri-lis 15-sa da 21 #-ris dekreti), romliTac saqarTvelossoc. sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTaTvis uzrunvelyofiliasarwmunoebisa da religiuri kultis Tavisuflad asrule-ba, sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komiteti adgens:

1) gauqmebul iqnes yvela momqmedi dadgenileba, instru-qcia da administratiuli gankarguleba, rac Seexeba re-ligiur sazogadoebaT da zRudavs saqarTvelos soc. sabW.respublikis moqalaqeTa mier religiuri kultis Tavisu-flad asrulebas.

2) SemoRebul iqnes qvemod aRniSnuli wesi eklesiebisada samlocvelo saxlebis gaxsnisa da saqarTvelos soc.sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTa xelSi sargeblobisaTvis ga-dacemisa, romelTa gadacemis Sesaxeb xelisuflebis adgi-lobriv organoebTan SeTanxmeba jer ar momxdara; eseve wesiSemoRebul iqnes agreTve winad daxuruli eklesiebisa dasamlocvelo saxlebis gaxsnisa da gadacemisaTvis, xoloigi ar vrceldeba im samxedro taZrebze, rac saxelmwifo dasazogadoebriv organizaciebs gadaeca saqarTvelos soc. sabW.respublikis saxalxo komisarTa sabWos 1923 w. ianvars 8TariRiT da 68 nomriT gamocemuli dadgenilebis ZaliT:

a) saqarTvelos soc: sabW. respublikis moqalaqeT Seu-

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ZlianT miiRon sargeblobisaTvis Tavisi sarwmunoebis taZrebida samlocvelo saxlebi, agreTve RvTismsaxurebisa da re-ligiuri wesebisaTvis mikuTvnebuli qoneba, risTvisac undadaarson religiuri sazogadoeba, romlis damfuZnebel wevrTaricxvi Svidze naklebi ar unda iyos.

b) religiuri sazogadoebis warmomadgenelni taZrebs,samlocvelo saxlebs da qonebas miiReben sargeblobisaTvisadgilobriv aRmasrulebel komitetisagan xelSekrulebiT,usasyidlod da uvadod Tanaxmad saqarTvelos soc. sabW.respublikis revoliucionuri komitetis mier 1921 w. apri-lis 15 TariRiT da 21 nomriT gamocemuli dekretis me-15muxlisa.

g) xelSekrulebis dadebisas, religiur sazogadoebasregistracia unda eqnes saTanado mazrisa an qalaqis aRmas-rulebel komitetSi.

v) adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetis uari xelSek-rulebis dadebaze an religiur sazogadoebis registraciazeSeiZleba gasaCivrebul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTacentralur aRmasrulebel komitetSi erTi Tvis vadaze imdridan, rodesac Cabarebul iqneba werilobiT dasabuTebu-li dadgenileba uaris Sesaxeb.

4) ama dadgenilebis gamocemamde daarsebuli da regis-tracia-qmnili religiuri sazogadoeba ganagrZobs Tavisarsebobas axali registraciis mouxdenlad. dadgenileba esegavrceleba am sazogadoebazedac.

5) religiuri sazogadoeba SeiZleba daxurul iqnes mx-olod Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komiasriatis gankargulebiTim SemTxvevaSi, ukeTu igi saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respub-likis konstituciisa da kanonebis sawinaaRmdego meTodiTimoqmedebs.

6) dawesebuleba da Tanamdebobis piri, romelic ama Tuim saxiT winaaRmdegobas gauwevs eklesiis da samlocvelosaxlis gaxsnas da sxv., an devnas aRZravs im piris winaaRm-deg, vinc eklesiis gaxsnas iTxovs, agreTve RvTis msaxurs,

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kultis SesrulebisaTvis devnas dauwyebs, pasuxs agebs,rogorc xelisuflebis gadametebisaTvis.

7) meTvalyureoba ama dadgenilebis mtkiced aRsrulebi-saTvis daekisrebaT iusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxokomisariatebs da maTve daevalebaT ama dadgenilebis gansav-iTareblad gamoscen saTanado instruqciebi.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis Tavjdomare m. cxakaia.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis mdivans s. Todria.

1924 w. noembris 21.tfilisi _ sasaxle.gamoqveynebulia gaz. `komunistis~ me-268 #-Si 1924 w.

noembris 23.

eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.registraciis wesis Sesaxebregistraciis wesis Sesaxebregistraciis wesis Sesaxebregistraciis wesis Sesaxebregistraciis wesis Sesaxeb

instruqciainstruqciainstruqciainstruqciainstruqciaiusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxoiusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxoiusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxoiusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxoiusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo

komisariatebisakomisariatebisakomisariatebisakomisariatebisakomisariatebisa

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis 1924 w. noembris 21 TariTiT da 124 #-iTgamocemuli dadgenilebis _ `eklesiebis gaxsnisa da re-ligiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis Sesaxeb~ _ as-rulebisaTvis.

1. SemoRebul iqnes qvemo aRniSnuli wesi saqarTvelossoc. sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTaTvis, rogorc im eklesiebisgadacemisaTvis, romelnic winad daxurul iqnen adgilo-brivi administratiuli xelisuflebis gankargulebiT, iseim eklesiebis gadasacemad, romelTa morwmuneTaTvis gada-

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cemis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba jer ar momxdara, (garda im samxedrotaZrebisa, rac saxalxo komisarTa sabWos 1923 wl. ianvars8 TariRis da 68 #-is dadgenilebiT gadaecaT saxelmwifosazogadoebriv organizaciebs).

2. ukeTu moqalaqeni, ricxviT ara nakleb 7 kacisa, moi-surveben religiuri sazogadoebis Sedgenis da eklesiis ansamlocvelo saxlis da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebisusasyidlod sargeblobisaTvis miRebas, _ imaT saamiso gancx-adeba unda Seitanon adgilobriv _ mazris an qalaqis aRmas-rulebel komitetSi.

3. gancxadebaSi aRniSnul unda iyo: a) religiuri sazoga-doebis damfuZnebelTa (ukeTu sazogadoeba jer Sedgeniliar aris), an warmomadgenelTa saxeli, mamis saxeli da gvari,b) religiuri sazogadoebis saxelwodeba, g) damfuZnebelTasacxovrebeli adgili da d) saxelwodeba eklesiisa (sam-locvelo saxlisa), romlis RvTismsaxurebisaTvis miRebasurT maT.

4. adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komiteti qonebas da misaRwerilobas gadascems im moqalaqeT, romelTac ganacxadessurvili am qonebis sargeblobisaTvis miRebisa, xolo aRw-erilobis meore cals mimRebTa xelisnaweriT daitovebsTavisaTvis.

5. wina muxlSi naxseneb eklesiisa da qonebis misaRebadsazogadoebis damfuZnebelni an gankargulebeli organo das-deben xelSekrulebas saTanado mazris an qalaqis aRmas-rulebel komitetTan.

SeniSvna: sanimuSo xelSekruleba amasTanave darTulia.6. xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg religiuri sazogadoe-

ba winaswar gatarebul unda iqnes registraciaSi adgilo-briv mazris an qalaqis aRmasrulebel komitetSi, ris Sem-degac mas SeuZlian daiwyos moqmedeba.

7. ukeTu eklesia da qoneba damfuZneblebma miiRes, iginireligiuri sazogadoebis Sedgenis Semdeg eklesiasa (sam-locvelo saxls) da qonebas gadascemen religiuri sazoga-

172

doebis ganmkargulebel organos, da qonebis gadacemis aqvs,agreTve cnobas religiuri sazogadoebis ganmkargulebeliorganos Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb, sadac aRniSnul unda iqnesganmkargulebeli organos TviTeuli wevris saxeli, mamissaxeli da gvari, _ warudgenen saTanado aRmasrulebel ko-mitets.

8. xelSekrulebiT, romelic daideba sakulto Senobis daqonebis ufaso sargeblobis Sesaxeb, religiuri sazogadoe-bis warmomadgenelni (ganmkargulebeli organo) pasuxs age-ben, Tu mindobili saxalxo qoneba ukleblad da wesieradar iqneba Senaxuli, agreTve Tu taZarSi wesiereba darRveu-li iqneba.

9. adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetis uari xelSek-rulebis dadebaze da religiuri sazogadoebis registra-ciaze SeiZleba gansaCivrebul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelossabWoTa centralur aRmasrulebel komitetSi erTi Tvisvadaze im dRidan, rodesac Cabarebuli iqneba werilobiTidasabuTebuli dadgenileba uaris Sesaxeb.

10. Tavis sazogado krebebis dadgenilebaTa aRsrulebi-saTvis, agreTve sagareo warmomadgenlobisaTvis religiurisazogadoeba Tavis wridan airCevs warmomadgenlebs (gan-mkargulebel organos), romelnic uZRvebian mimdinaremuSaobas, iwveven sazogadoebis mier daniSnul vadaze sa-zogado krebebs da sxv.

religiuri sazogadoebis an morwmuneTa jgufis sarge-blobaSi myof sadgomSi morwmuneTa kreba xdeba Tavisu-flad da ise, rom yovel calke SemTxvevaSi winaswari nebarTvasaWiro ar aris, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdeni xalxi monaw-ileobs am krebebze; amrigadve moxdeba kreba, mowveuli imsakiTxebis gamo, rac Seexeba taZris dacva-Senaxvis da sakul-to qonebebis gamgeblobas.

12. qadageba SeiZleba Tavisuflad im pirobiT - ki romTavisi SinaarsiT qadageba iyos martooden religiuri dareligiur-damrigebeli xasiaTisa.

173

13. religiuri sazogadoebis an morwmuneTa jgufis wevrebsSeuZliaT Seagrovon nebayoflobiTi Semowirulebani im xar-jebis dasafaravad, rac dakavSirebulia sakulto qonebissargeblobasTan, eklesiis msaxurTa da mgalobelTa daqirave-basTan da sxv.

14. gauqmebul iqnes yvela winad gamocemuli instruqciareligiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis, agreTve eklesiebisda RvTismsaxurebisaTvis mikuTvnebuli qonebis sargeblo-bis wesis Sesaxeb.

iusticiis saxalxo komisari i. varZieli.Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisari S. maTikaSvili.1924 w. dekembris 2.q. tfilisi.`komunisti~ #280 1924 w. dekembris 7.

xelSekrulebaxelSekrulebaxelSekrulebaxelSekrulebaxelSekruleba(danarTi)(danarTi)(danarTi)(danarTi)(danarTi)

Cven, qvemore amisa xelis momwerT, warmomadgenelT (amada am) religiuri sazogadoebisa, (ama da am adgilas an amada am qalaqSi mcxovrebT), davdeT es xelSekruleba (ama daam) aRmasrulebel komitetTan, (misi rwmunebulis Tanamde-boba, saxeli da gvari) am saxiT mas Sina, rom 192.. wels...Tve... dRes... aRmasrulebeli komitetisagan uvado da ufasosargeblobisaTvis miviReT (aqa da aq) mdebare (ese da esRvTismsaxurebis Senoba) da RvTismsaxurebis sagnebi CvenixelmoweriT Semowmebuli gansakuTrebuli aRwerilobiT,Semdegi pirobiT:

1. mTeli Cveni (esa da es) religiuri sazogadoeba movaledracxs Tavs gaufrTxildes masze gadacemul saxalxo qonebasda isargeblos am qonebiT amrtooden misi daniSnulebisSesaferisad, amasTan sazogadoeba kisrulobs mTel pasux-ismgeblobas Cabarebuli qonebis simrTelisa da SenaxvisaTvis,

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agreTve am xelSekrulebiT nakisri yvela sxva movaleobisSesrulebisaTvis.

2. sazogadoeba movaleT racxs Tavs taZrebiTa da iq SenaxulRvTismsaxurebis sagnebiT isargeblos da asargeblos yvelaerTmorwmune martooden religiuri moTxovnilebaTa dasak-mayofileblad.

3. sazogadoeba movaleT racxs Tavs miiRos yoveli RonisZ-ieba imisTvis, rom misTvis Cabarebuli qoneba ar moxmardesiseT mizans, romlic ar Seefereba ama xelSekrulebis 1-lda 2 muxls.

kerZod sazogadoeba movalea akrZalos mis gamgeblobaSigadasul RvTismsaxurebis sadgomSi:

a) sabWoTa xelisuflebis samtrod mimarTuli politikurikrebebis gamarTva;

b) sabWoTa xelisuflebis an misi calke warmomadgenliswinaaRmdeg mimarTuli wignebis, broSurebis, furclebis daepistolebis darigeba da gayidva;

g) sabWoTa xelisuflebis an misi calke warmomadgenliswinaaRmdeg mimarTuli qadagebis da sityvebis warmoTqma;

d) mcxovrebTa sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg amxe-drebis mizniT zaris rekviT gangaSis atexa da xalxis mo-groveba.

4. sazogadoeba movalea Tavisi saRsriT gaswios... taZris(an sxva RvTismsaxurebis Senobis) da am taZarSi daculisagnebis SenaxvisaTvis saWiro mimdinare xarjebi, saxeldo-br: remonti, gaTboba, dazRveva, dacva, gastumreba valebisa,gadasaxadebisa, adgilobrivi Senawerisa da sxv.

5. sazogadoeba movalea iqonios RvTismsaxurebis qonebisasainventaro aRweriloba, sadac Setanili unda iqnas re-ligiuri kultis yoveli axlad Sesuli (SewirulebiT, sxvataZrebidan gadacemiT an sxva gziT) sagani, romelic calkemoqalaqeebis kerZo sakuTrebas ar Seadgens.

6. sazogadoeba movalea, roca RvTismsaxureba ar swar-moebs, SeuSvas taZarSi aRmasrulebeli komitetis warmo-

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madgenelni qonebis drogamoSvebiT Sesamowmeblad da da-saTvaliereblad.

7. miRebuli qonebis dakargvis an gafuWebisaTvis sazoga-doeba pasuxs agebs im zaralis farglebSi, romelic qonebasmouva.

8. sazogadoeba movalea, ukeTu saWiro iqneba miRebuliqonebis ukanve Cabareba, Caabaros igi im saxiT. ra saxiTacman miiRo sasargeblod da Sesanaxad.

9. ukeTu sazogadoeba moisurvebs xelSekrulebis mo-spobas, igi movalea amis Sesaxeb werilobiT acnobos aRmas-rulebel komitets, amasTan am gancxadebis Setanidan erTikviris ganmavlobaSi es xelSekruleba ZalaSi rCeba da sa-zogadoeba pasuxs agebs aRsrulebisaTvis; sazogadoeba mov-alea agreTve am xnis ganmavlobaSi Caabaros mis mier miRebu-li qoneba.

10. sazogadoebis yovel wevrs, romelsac xelSekruleba-ze xeli uweria, SeuZlia gavides xelSekrulebis monawile-Ta ricxvidam; amisTvis man werilobiTi gancxadeba undaSeitanos aRmasrulebel komitetSi, amgram es ver ixsnisgasul pirs pasuxismgeblobisagan mTeli im zaralisaTvis,romelic saxalxo qonebas mouvida im xnis ganmavlobaSi,rodesac gasuli wevri monawileobas iRebda im qonebis sarge-blobaSi da gamgeblobaSi, im dromde, vidre igi saTanadogancxadebas Seitanda.

am xelSekrulebis dedani inaxeba... aRmasrulebeli komi-tetis saqmeebSi, xolo saTanadoT Semowmebuli asli gveZl-eva Cven, sazogadoebis warmomadgenelT, romelTac am xe-lSekrulebaze xeli gviweria da romelTac 1924 w.... aRwer-ilobiT religiuris mizniT sasargeblod miviReT RvTism-saxurebis Senobani da maTdami daculi sagnebi.

11. ukeTu sazogadoeba am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinaremovaleobaTa Sesasruleblad ar miiRebs yvela SesaZlebelRonisZiebas, xelSekruleba ese saTanado aRmasrulebel ko-mitetis mier SeiZleba mospobil iqnas xolo im SemTxveva-

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Si, rodesac xelSekruleba aSkarad iqneba darRveuli, dam-naSaveni pasuxs ageben sisxlis samarTlis wesiT.

saqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdeblobasaqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdeblobasaqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdeblobasaqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdeblobasaqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdeblobaeklesiis Sesaxebeklesiis Sesaxebeklesiis Sesaxebeklesiis Sesaxebeklesiis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos socialistur sabWoTa respublikaSi ekle-sia CamoSorebulia saxelmwifos, skola eklesias, Tumcasarwmunoebrivi da antisarwmunoebrivi propagandis Tavisu-fleba miniWebuli aqvs yvela moqalaqes im aucileblis piro-biT, rom propaganda xdebodes politikur da socialisturmizanTa gareSe.

s. s. s. respublikis konstitucia. mux. 11.

oficialuri ganyofilebaoficialuri ganyofilebaoficialuri ganyofilebaoficialuri ganyofilebaoficialuri ganyofilebasruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centralurisruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluriaRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmartebaaRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmartebaaRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmartebaaRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmartebaaRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmartebasaqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonissaqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonissaqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonissaqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonissaqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonis

(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respublikis ZiriTadi kanonis(konstituciis) me-11 muxl. aniWebs yvela moqalaqes re-ligiuri propagandis Tavisuflebas. 11-muxli moqalaqedgulisxmobs mxolod sabWoTa moqalaqes da ara ucxoels,rac sCans ZiriTadi kanonis merve muxlidan. aq, sxvaTa SorisaRniSnulia, rom yvela is moqalaqobrivi ufleba-movaleoba,rac ki saqarTvelos s. s. r. konstituciiT dawesebuliasaqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. moqalaqeTaTvis, vrceldebarespublikis teritoriaze myof sxva sabWoTa respublikeb-is yvela moqalaqeze.

amis gamo sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri

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aRmasrulebeli komiteti ganmartavs, rom saqarTvelos ter-itoriaze religiuri `propagandis Tavisufleba ekuTvnismartooden sabWoTa moqalaqeT, da ara ucxoelT.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis Tavmjdomare f. maxaraZe.

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-beli komitetis mdivani s. Todria.

1927 w. Tebervlis 18.tfilisi _ sasaxle. (30, 1-16).

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelosuwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityvakaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityvakaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityvakaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityvakaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityva

sasamarTlo procesze.sasamarTlo procesze.sasamarTlo procesze.sasamarTlo procesze.sasamarTlo procesze.`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~

sanam rames vityode im danaSaulebis Sesaxeb, romelic memedeba, saWirod mimaCnia ganvacxado, rom Cven RvTismsaxur-ni qristianuli swavla-moZRvrebis mixedviT valdebulnivarT, davemorCiloT ̀ xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa~ (rom.13,1), radganac xelmwifebasa Sina myofni `msaxurni RmrTi-sani arian~ (rom, 13,6), maTTvis unda vilocoT (1, tim. 2,2)da maTze ara vsTqvaT boroti (saq. mociq. 23,5), magramborotis ara Tqma imas ar niSnavs, rom maT moqmedebas kri-tikis TvaliT ar SevxedoT, maTi Secdomebi ar aRvniSnoT.amisTvis Cems sityvaSi mTavrobis Secdomebis aRniSvnis drosTu rame aramarTebuli wamomcdes, gTxovT, es CaricxoTuneblie SecdomaT, anu miiRoT ubralo lapsus linguea-d daborot ganzraxulebis xasiaTi ar misceT. me saxeSi myavsmxolod saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba.

Cven _ sakaTalikoso sabWos mTel Semadgenlobas _ braladgvedeba is, rom ar SevasruleT mTavrobis winadadeba, gagveg-zavna warmomadgeneli yofili samxedro taZris CamorTmevisdros dasaswreblad da rom ar movisurveT Cvenis xeliT

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Cagvebarebina igi ara sarwmunoebrivi miznebisaTvis mosaxma-rad. sakaTalikoso sabWom es TavisTvis CasTvala miuRe-blad, rac mas CamoerTva winaaRmdegobis gawevad, moRala-teobad, ajanyebisaken xalxis mowvevad da sxv. amnairi bralde-bis arseboba me gavige mxolod ukanaskneli dakiTxvis drosda Cems gaocebas sazRvari ar hqonda, ver gamigia, saidanSeiZleba amnairi daskvnis gamoyvana.

religia ar aris saxelmwifosagan warmoSobili da dawese-buli. mas aqvs Tavisi damoukidebeli safuZveli arsebobisa,saxelmwifo da eklesia amis gamo ori sxvadasxva dawese-bulebaa, maT aqvT sxvadasxva sfero moqmedebisa. Tavisi daniS-nulebis asrulebaSi orive erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelia.saxarebis devizia: `keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa.~saxelmwifo eklesiur Sinaur cxovrebaSi ar ereva gansakuTre-biT maSin, rodesac isini erTmaneTisagan gamoyofilia. dae,gamoyofil eklesias waarTvan yvela uflebebi iuridiulipirovnebisa, mas mainc darCeba erTi sfero Tavisufali mo-qmedebisa, erTi kuTxe, Tavisi wmidaTa wmida, romelSiacsaxelmwifo ar unda SeiWras. es aris misi Sinauri re-ligiuri cxovreba, romelic eqvemdebareba RvTisagan dawesebulnormebs. vinc eklesiis msaxurTagani amas gadauxvevs, ismoRalatea sarwmunoebisa. amis gamo amnair SemTxvevebSi,rogorc geubneba qristianuli swavla-moZRvreba, Cven valde-bulni varT vemorCiloT ufro RmerTsa, vidre kacTa (saq.moc. 5,29). es normebi eklesiuri cxovrebisa, amnairiurT-ierToba saxelmwifos da eklesias Soris miRebulia yvelasaqristiano qveynebSi da ar gvegona, Tu Cveni mTavroba amasar gauwevda angariSs. am TvalsazrisiT vsTqviT, rom wi-nadadeba CvenTvis miuRebeli iyo, vinaiTgan imis miRebiTCven gavxdebodiT RvTis dadgenilebis da sarwmunoebis moR-alateni. es aris da es. Cven azraTac ar mogvsvlia, romCvens amnair kanonier gancxadebas mTavroba miiRebda sawi-naaRmdegod. miT umetes, rom taZars hyavda Tavisi winamZR-vari, romlis gankargulebaSi iyo eklesiis qoneba da romelic

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TavisTavad iyo sasuliero mTavrobis warmomadgeneli.saqarTveloSi daiketa 1200-ze meti eklesia, zogi mTladdangreul iqmna, magram arc erTis Sesaxeb sasuliero mTavro-bisaTvis arc ki SeutyobinebiaT da raRa samxedro taZrisCabareba ar SeiZleboda ukaTalikoso sabWoT?! gvcodnoda,rom Cvens, Cvenis TvalsazrisiT kanonier gancxadebas, saeromTavroba miiRebda sawyenaT, Cven sxvanairaT gamovsTqvamdiTCvens azrs da winaaRmdegobas ar gavuwevdiT. amas winaTramdenime jariskacma-baptistma, ganacxada, rom maT sarwmu-noeba ukrZalavs jarSi samsaxurs da es gancxadeba samxedrosasamarTlom scno pativsadebad da gaaTavisufla isinisamxedro begaris moxdisagan. darwmunebuli var, uzenaesisasamarTloc ase Sexedavs Cvens gancxadebasac da amisTvisamis Sesaxeb metis Tqma mimaCnia saWiroT. 1) danaSauladmiTvlian imasac, rom mcxeTis da sionis taZrebis ganZeulo-bis damalva vicodi. amnairi braldeba mimaCnia gaugebrobad,vinaiTgan nivTebis quTaisSi waRebis dros me vmsaxurebdisoxumSi da nivTebis damalva moxda uCemod, 2) arc Cemi daarc sxvebis Cvenebidan ar sCans, rom es me vicodi nivTebisaRmoCenamde. saidan da rogor aris es braldeba SeTxzuli,arvici. da 3) marTlac rom vyofiliyavi damalvis monawile,maSinac ver CavTvlidi Cems Tavs damnaSaved, vinaidgan sam-Rvdeloeba movale iyo, ezruna eklesiis qonebis dacvi-saTvis da uxsovar droidan areulobis da mtrebis Semose-vis dros ganZeulobis dacvisaTvis mimarTavdnen am saSu-alebas. aman Segvinaxa igi, rodesac misi gadatana moxdaquTaisSi, es ganZeuloba ar Seadgenda mTavrobis kuTvnile-bas. es moxda Zveli mTavrobis dros, rodesac eklesias arhqonda CamorTmeuli sakuTrebis ufleba. Tundac CamorT-meuli hqonoda, maSinac samRvdeloebis movaleoba iqneboda,radgan mis xelSi iqneboda misi movla-dacvis saqme. amisSemdeg gansacvifreblad mimaCnia sabraldebo, oqmSi xmarebasityvis `gataceba~, metis Tqmas amis Sesaxeb ar vsTvlisaWirod.

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umTavresi braldeba Cems sawinaaRmdegod wamoyenebuli,rogorc sabraldebulo oqmidan sCans da rogorc prokurorissityvidanac mesma, aris kontrevolucia. Cemi kontrevolu-cioneroba gamoixata genuis konferenciaze Cem mier weri-lis gagzavnaSi, magram ar mesmis ra iyo kontrevolucioneruliCems werilSi. nuTu is erTaderTi ZiriTadi debuleba, romTiToeulma erma Tavisi saqmeebi moawyos ise, rogorc es masunda, magram es Cemi mogonili xom ar aris? ukanasknelmasaerTaSoriso omma bevri ubedureba moutana kacobriobas,magram manve amarTa droSia, romelzedac msxvilis asoebiTwaawera: ̀ mcire erebis TviTgamorkvevis ufleba.~ es lozun-gi imdenad aRmafrTovanebeli, sanetaro da sasixarulo iyo,rom misTvis angariSi unda gaewiaT. asec moxda. TviT ni-koloz meoris mTavarsardali nikoloz nikolozis Ze ereb-isadmi Tavis mimarTvaSi ambobs, rom is ibrZvis am lozungisganxorcielebisaTvis. metyviT, es gancxadeba ar iyo gulwr-felio da mec savsebiT geTanxmebiT, magram aq mniSvnelobaaqvs ara imas, gulwrfeli iyo es gancxadeba Tu ara, aramedimas, rom mTavarsardali iZulebuli gaxda, angariSi gaewiacxovrebis sinamdvilisaTvis, eRiarebia is, rasac TviTonacar TanaugrZnobda, diax, is wamoayena cxovrebam da mas yve-laze uwin angariSi gauwia socialisturma mimarTulebam,magram stalinis sityviT, meore internacionalma da mismaliderma kauckim es lozungi CamoaqveiTes avtonomiamde,xolo politikuri da ekonomiuri mxare dautoves isev gaba-tonebul erebs. sabWoTa xelisuflebam ki gaafarTova ismcire erebisaTvis politikurad gamoyofis uflebis miniWe-bamde.

ai, es TviTgamorkvevis ufleba Txoulobs, rom TiToeul-ma erma Tavisi cxovreba da marTva-gamgeoba moawyos ise,rogorc TviTon moisurvebs da Tu stalinis sityva SeicavsWeSmaritebas, Tu sabWoTa xelisuflebam gaafarTova TviT-gamorkvevis lozungi da mcire erebs uboZa ufleba poli-tikuri gamoyofisa, Tavisufleba-suverenobisa, maSin cxadia

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TviT gamorkveuli da suverenuli erisaTvis TavisuflebiswarTmeva am lozungis darRvevad unda CaiTvalos. meti arcme miTqvams ra.

me ar vekuTvni arcerT partias, CemTvis sulerTia rome-li partiis xelSi iqneba marTva-gamgeoba, romels eqnebaZalaufleba da romlis diqtatura iqneba damyarebuli. amisganxilvaSi Sesvla Cemi saqme ar aris. mxolod mrwams dasasurvelad mimaCnia marTva-gamgeoba damyarebuli iyos xalxisnebisyofaze da TviTgamorkvevaze, xalxis survili CemTviskanonia. am survilze damyarebuli wes-wyobileba margebeliaxalxis erovnuli mTlianobisaTvis da misi kulturuladwinmsvlelobisaTvis. me ar gamegona, rom momxdariyos xalx-is dakiTxva amis Sesaxeb da amis gamo, rodesac pirvelidakiTxvis dros damisves kiTxva, arCeulia Tu ara xalxisa-gan axlandeli Cveni mTavrobao, meti rom ar meTqva, vupa-suxe: ar vici meTqi. rodesac damkiTxvelma sayveduriT miTxra,rogor, inteligentma kacma ar unda icode, rom warsulTebervals (es iyo 1922 wels) iyo yriloba da man airCiao,me bodiSi movixade da mxolod SevniSne, rom maSasadame1921 w. Tebervlidan 1922 w. Tebervlamdis _ erTi wlisganmavlobaSi _ aurCevlad umsaxurnia meTqi. da asec undayofiliyo, vinaidgan erTi weliwadi saWiroc iqneboda xalxisdawynarebisa da TviTgamorkvevisaTvis. Cven, eklesiis msax-urni ki im aurCevel mTavrobasac vcnobdiT, vinaiTgan an-gariSs vuwevdiT faqts _ erovnuli mTavrobis arsebobas daar SevdiodiT kanoniereba-ukanonobis ganxilvaSi...

...maxsovs pucikoviCis geografia, romelSic TiToeulikuTxis aRwera dasuraTebuli iyo adgilobriv mkvidrTatipebiT. velikorusi gamoyvanilia: didi, axovani, kmayofilisaxiT da amayi gamometyvelebiT da qveS miwerili hqonda:`Õîçÿèí çåìëè ðóññêîé~. sxva erovnebaTa warmomadgeneliiyo monis da daCagrulis gamometyvelebiT. TviT skola awv-dida xalxs am didmpyrobelobiT ideas da ra gasakviria,rom misi miswrafebaT iqca yvelasaTvis ecqiraT, rogorc

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monebisaTvis, maT qveSevrdomTaTvis. ocdaaTiode wlis winaTmowme gavxdi Semdegi sanaxaobisa: q. soxumis bulvari, zRvispirad mravali moseirne. aqve dgas ori rusi Zalze Sezarx-oSebuli. erTi maTgani uCvenebs Tovlian mTebze da eubnebameores: `Ýòè ãîðû íàøè...Âñå íàðîäû òàì æèâóøíå íàøè ïîääàííûå è âñå çäåñü ãóëÿþùèå íàì ïîä÷èí¸íû~.

da daabolova imnairi sityvebiT, romlebis moyvana aq arSeiZleba. 1905 w. me viyavi donis olqSi da, rodesac gavr-celda xma, rom kavkasiaSi, saqarTveloSi gamocxadda Tavisu-fleba ruseTis batonobidan, xSiri iyo SemTxveva, rom me-kiTxebodnen rogorc qarTvels, nuTu marTla saqarTvelogamoeyofa ruseTso. es SeuZleblad miaCndaT. miT ufro,rom adgilobrivi rusobac ase fiqrobda. rodesac 1917 wlisrevoluciis Semdeg marTla daarsda saqarTvelos respub-lika, soxumis rusoba ver urigdeboda saqarTvelos Tavisu-flebas. didi Tu patara, naswavli Tu uswavleli, yvelagaiZaxoda: `rogor SeiZleba saqarTvelo iyos Tavisufali,es droebiTia, mova Cveni jari da isev davimorCilebTo.saqarTvelos Tavisufleba sasacilod miacndaT, mas asax-elebdnen: `Êóêóðóçíàÿ ðåñïóáëèêà~ anu `Ðåñïóáëèêà íà 1 1/2 ÷àñà~. batonobis ideaze aRzrdili bunebrivaT gulkeTiliadgilobrivi rusi mosurne iyo batonobisa da Tanasworobasver guobda.

...magram Zneli saTqmelia qarTveli komunistebi, visi sur-vilis aRmasrulebelni iyvnen erTi ki cxadia, maT surdaTsaqarTvelo Sesuliyo didi ruseTis farglebSi...

...maT ar swamdaT saqarTvelos Tavisufleba. gazeT ̀ komu-nistis~ erT-erT SarSandel Tu SarSanwindel nomerSi naTq-vamia, rom revolucioneruli Tvalsazrisi moiTxovda Tavisdroze tfilisze dakvras da poloneTze galaSqrebaso. gamodis,rom revolucia Txoulobs erisaTvis Tavisuflebis warTme-vas. imave gazeTis SarSandel noembris erT nomerSi (#263)eseve azri ufro cxadad aris gamoTqmuli. iq naTqvamia, romsaqarTvelos Tavisufleba komunisturi TvalsazrisiT ar

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iyo misaRebi, saqarTveloSi Tavisuflad daTareSobdnen im-perialisturi jarebi, rac did safrTxes umzadebda ruseTsda sxva mezobel sabWoTa respublikebs, amisaTvis ruseTiswiTeli armiis 11 Tebervlis istoriuli nabiji marqsistu-lad gagebuli revolucioneruli omebis Teoriis mixedviTgamarTlebuli xdebao.~

me ar vici marqsistulad gagebuli revolucioneruliomebis Teoria da amis Sesaxeb veras vityvi, mxolod Sevni-Snav, rom saxifaTod da molipul gzaze dadgomad mimaCniaimis mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelos mdgomareoba saSiSi iyoruseTisaTvis... es erTi. meoreT unda aRvniSno, rom Tavisu-fleba TavisTavad arasdros ar unda iyos dasagmobi. isyovelTvis sasurvelia. ar yofila xalxi, romelic mas Sex-aroda, ar eZebda, romlis miRweva ar miaCnda bednierebad.SesaZlebelia, saqarTvelos yofilma mTavrobam ver moixmaraigi, rogorc amas rigi moiTxovda, magram aq Tavisufleba raSuaSia. Tu Zveli mTavrobis dros saqarTveloSi imperalis-turi jarebi Tavisuflad daTareSobdnen, de, axla mTavrobamaiRos es Tavisufleba da ganaxorcielos is, rogorc saWiroa,de, axali suverenuli respublikis mTavrobis xelSi nuiTareSeben imperialisturi jarebi da saqarTvelos Tavisu-fleba nu iqneba saSiSari sxva erebisaTvis. es iyo Cemi azrida ara axali xelisuflebis uarisyofa, magram... aq davusvammravalwertils da gavCumdebi. mxolod ar SemiZlia, aravRniSno is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos Tavisufleba komu-nistebis erT nawils miaCnda sasacilod da masxrad agdebda,erTi rusuli asoebiT dabeWdili gazeTi ̀ Ïðàâäà Ãðóçèè~...amnairad ixseniebda mas: `Tavisufali, damoukidebeli, suv-erenuli da neitraluri zurna.~ aq saWiro ar aris komen-tarebi. yvela es sruliad araferSi ar eTanxmeba xalxisTviTgamorkvevis da politikurad gamoyofis uflebas, piri-qiT. pirdapiri misi uaryofaa. SeiZleba vcdebode, radganmarqsistuli Teoria Cems specialobas ar Seadgens, magramarcodna arcodvaa, naTqvamia da amisTvis mometeveba.

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miuxedavad zemonaTqvamisa, me meubnebian, rom Cemi gamos-vliT viTom vuRalate Cvens mTavrobas, saxeli gavutexemas, gavabiabrue, ar unda mimemarTa genuis konferencii-saTvis, rom Cemis mimarTviT me mindoda gamomewvia inter-vencia, evropis SeiaraRebuli jarebiT Careva saqarTvelossaqmeebSi, TiTqos amiT me xeli SevuSale Cvens iq warmomad-genels mis saqarTvelos sakeTildReod zrunvaSi. amnairibraldeba me mimaCnia gaugebrobis nayofad da amis gamo us-amarTlobad. me Cveni mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego ara miTqvamsra...

Cemi werili mimarTuli iyo didmpyrobelobis winaaRmdegda es cxadad aris masSi gamoTqmuli. erTi sityviTac ardamigmia axali xelisufleba saqarTveloSi, piriqiT, iqgamoTqmulia, rom me ar Sevdivar imis ganxilvaSi, rogoriunda iyos marTva-gamgeoba, radgan es Cemi saqme ar iyo.werili dawerilia axali xelisuflebis arsebobis wlisTavze,xolo Cveni qristianuli moZRvrebiT yoveli damkvidrebu-li mTavroba ganukiTxavad unda vicnaT da vemorCiloT yove-li samoqalaqo xasiaTis saqmeebSi. amis gamo, cxadia, memindoda damoukidebloba ukve damyarebuli mTavrobisaTvis.genuis konferencia me warmodgenili mqonda, rogorc sax-elmwifoebis warmomadgenlebis kreba, mowveuli mSvidobi-ani molaparakebisaTvis _ kreba, romelsac sagnad hqondamcire erebis pretenziebis ganxilva da amisTvis vfiqrobdi,rom yvelas hqonda ufleba miemarTa misTvis Tavisi azrisgamoTqmiT. me vici, rom iq iyo Cveni warmomadgenelic, romel-ic, darwmunebuli viyavi, daicavda Cveni qveynis suverenoba-Tavisuflebas da romelsac amaSi eWirveboda daxmareba. amSemTxvevaSi ki Cems werils SeeZlo ramdenadme mainc gaead-vilebia brZola saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis. Tu isiyo saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli mxolod sityviT, saqmiTki gamodioda damatebaT ruseTis warmomadgenlisa da dam-cvelad didmpyrobelobisa, maSin, rasakvirvelia, werili massamsaxurs ver gauwevda, magram es ukanaskneli arc iyo

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mizani werilisa da, maSasadame amaSi ar SemiZlia viyo pa-suxismgebeli. yvela amis Semdeg me kidevac mikvirs, risTvismasamarTlebs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo da ara ruse-Tisa, magram vinc unda gamasamarTlos _ saqarTveloam imi-sTvis, rom me vicav erovnuli eklesiis da eris Tavisufle-bas, Tu ruseTma imisaTvis, rom xma amoviRe didmpyrobelo-bis winaaRmdeg, sul erTia, orive SemTxvevaSi cxadad mt-kicdeba, rom saqarTvelo ar aris Tavisufali respublikada moqmedebs gareSe direqtivebiT...

...sanam kaci kacisTvis, rogorc amboben romaelebi, mge-lia, jarebis yola, rasakvirvelia, saWiroa, magram erovnu-li TvalsazrisiT moiTxovs, rom jari iyos usaTuod erovnuli.

mqonda Tu ara ufleba me, rogorc sasuliero pirs, Sevx-ebodi kiTxvebs, romelnic wamoyenebulni arian Cems weril-Si? meubnebian, rom Cems uflebebs gadavamete, rom me armqonda ufleba gavreodi politikaSi da amomeRo xma. arvici maqvs Tu ara sabWoTa xelisuflebis TvalsazrisiTraime moqalaqeobrivi ufleba, magram is WeSmaritebaa, romCven TviTon vcdilobT cxovrebaSi gaviyvanoT principebi:`keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa~ _ amis gamo ar ver-eviT saxelmwifo wyobilebisa da marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi,mTavrobis uaryofasa da winaaRmdegobaSi da sxv. magram esimas ar niSnavs, rom pirSi wyali CaviyenoT da ara vsTqvaTra, rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe Zalebis moZale-bas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisTvis saziano Secdomebs dasazogadoT ar vitvirToT xalxis samsaxuri, misi interese-bis dacva da misi mwuxarebis sagani ar vamcnoT qveyanas.yvela amas qristianuli moZRvreba ar gvikrZalavs. qristesebraleboda eri, mas emsaxureboda da masze zrunavda, ambob-da xSirad: `mewyalis eri eseo~ (mark. 8,2). `nu daidumebTerisTvisao,~ gveubneba Cveni moZRvreba da amis aRsrulebaspirnaTlad misdevda samRvdeloeba. gadaaTvaliereT istoriada Tqven iq dainaxavT amis auarebel magaliTebs. moigoneT

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basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, ioane oqropiri damaTi gamosarCleba xalxis keTildReobisaTvis, maTi brZolaam qveynis xelisuflebasTan, mis usamarTlobasTan, moigon-eT ambrosi mediolaneli, romelmac mrisxane imperatoriTeodosi ar SeuSva eklesiaSi misgan TesaliaSi moxdenilisisxlisRvris gamo da mravali sxva. gadaxedeT saqarTvelosistorias da aqac dainaxavT uamrav magaliTs, samRvdeloebisbrZolas arsebuli wyobis da eris interesebis dasacavadamqveyniur xelisufalTa mZlavrebisagan. samRvdeloebayovelTvis iyo damcveli saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis ideisa.ramdenad mouridebelni iyvnen mRvdelmTavarni am SemTxveva-Si, gviCvenebs Semdegi magaliTi. imereTis mefe solomondidis memkvidre, aleqsandre, urwmunoebisa da sxva dana-SaulobebisaTvis samRvdelo krebam gankveTa eklesiidan da,rodesac is miicvala, aukrZala misi qristianuli damarxva.is daasaflaves wesis augeblad eklesiis da sasaflaos gareSe.Tvalcremliani mefe solomon didis mudarebam da Txovnamver gaWra, ver SeaSina mRvdelmTavarTa krebuli. moigoneTanton Wyondideli da misi gamosvla tyveTa yidvis winaaRm-deg, rac imereTis mefes da guria-samegrelos mTavrebs gada-qceuli hqondaT saxelmwifos marTvis sistemad, rogorcsavaldebulo begara. auarebeli axalgazrda qal-vaJi igza-vneboda stambulSi sultanisaTvisac yovelwlobiT. krebamZala daatana mefes da mTavrebs da xelwerili daadebina amsenis mospobisaTvis. gansakuTrebiTi aRsaniSnavia rusebisdasavleT saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis xana mecxramete saukunisdasawyisSi. am dros eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dam-cvelebaT gamodian quTaTeli da gaenaTeli da xalxis ajan-yebas saTaveSi udgebian. orive gaamgzavres ruseTisaken, ma-gram mxolod genaTelma eqvTimem CaaRwia novRorodSi, sa-dac is unda daebinavebinaT. imp. aleqsandre pirvelma moi-surva misi naxva, Caiyvanes peterburRSi, imperatorma didizeimiT da pativiT miiRo, magram amisTvis ar moerida emx-ilebia saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis warT-

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mevisaTvis da samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis, mas uwodaaxali neroni. es iyo mizezi, rom is gaagzavnes sviris mon-asterSi oloneckis guberniaSi, sadac ganisvena da dasa-flavebulia. (2005 wels wmindanad Seracxili eqvTimes neS-ti gadmoasvenes saqarTveloSi da dakrZales gelaTSi s.v.).

amnairad rogorc sarwmuneobrivi, ise istoriuli magaliTe-bi maZlevdnen me uflebas xmis amoRebisas. ara, es uflebaar aris, es aris movaleoba, da misi ausrulebloba gamxdidame uRirsad Cemi Tanamdebobisa _ pasuxismgeblad RvTis ek-lesiisa da eris winaSe.

miuxedavad yvela amisa, Cemi werili iyo namdvili ekle-siuri aqti da Tu man miiRo garegnulad politikuri xas-iaTi, es asec unda momxdariyo, vinaiTgan aseTi Tu iseTipolitikuri mdgomareoba, misgan aRebuli gezis cvalebade-ba gvaZlevs SeZlebas, warmovidginoT perspeqtivebi eklesi-is mdgomareobisa momavalSi. axal xelisuflebas pirvelxanebSi undod uyurebda da mec mafiqrebda eklesiis momava-li bedi, vinaiTgan mTavrobis gezi eklesiur sakiTxSi savse-biT uaryofiTi iyo. Tu xalxs ar moswonda Tavisuflebisdakargva, mec vfiqrobdi, rom politikuri Tavisuflebisdakargvas moyveboda eklesiis devna. da misi Tavisuflebis-mospoba, rac savsebiT gamarTlda. faqtiurad eklesiis Tavisu-fleba fexqveS gaTelilia da iuridiuladac cdiloben mismospobas. SarSanwin ruseTSi iyo gamarTuli didi kampania,bevrs werdnen eklesiuri avtokefaliebis mospobis saWiroe-baze, radgan ruseTis mTavrobas surda eklesiur cxovreba-Siac SemoeRo iseTive centralizacia, rogoric iyo dam-yarebuli politikur cxovrebaSi. amnairi iyo miswrafebamTavrobisa saqarTveloSiac. am mizniT undoda mas saqarTvelo-Si damyarebuliyo `cxoveli eklesia~ da amis propagandaseweoda samRvdeloebaSi. zogierTni wevrni samRvdeloebisagaebnen dagebul maxeSi da erTi maTgani kidec Caewera mTa-var komitetSi. am mizniT mec momeca winadadeba, damewyomiwer-mowera `cxovel eklesiasTan.~ davmorCilebodi mas,

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xolo erT sabWos wevrTagans SeaZlies sapatio Tanamdeboba,Cadgomoda ̀ cxovel eklesias~ saTaveSi, magram es, rasakvirve-lia, uaryofil iqna, rogorc cda eklesiuri Tavisuflebismospobisa da eklesiuri centralizaciisa. es iyo mizezi,rom saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli aparatis wevrebi CaTv-lili iqnen kontrevolucionerebad, reformebis SemoRebismowinaaRmdeged, Tumca sakaT. sabWos ukve dawyebuli hqondasaqme farTe reformebis SemoRebisa eklesiur cxovrebaSi.magram saqme Seaferxa sabWos Tavmjdomarisa da wevrebisdapatimrebam, xolo im pirebma, romlebic mowinaved da pro-gresulad sTvlidnen TavianT Tavs da darCnen Tavisufladsamoqmedo asparizze, romelTa lideris TavmjdomareobiTsareformo komisiac ki iyo arCeuli, verafris gakeTeba,rogorc mosalodnelic iyo, ver SeZles (igulisxmeba episko-posi daviTi s.v.). saqme imaSia, rom sakaT. sabWos undodareformebis SemoReba erovnul niadagze, adgilobrivi pirobebismixedviT, xolo `mowinave~ samRvdeloebis wre, romelsacSeerCia moqmedebis asparezi, fiqrobdnen reformebis moxde-nas ruseTis eklesiis trafaretiT im mizniT, rom saqarTve-los eklesia gaebaT monobis uRelSi, daemorCilebiaT isevruseTis eklesiisaTvis.

radganac amnairi uaryofiTi iyo mTavrobis gezi sarwmu-noebriv sakiTxebSi da movelodi amnair Sedegebs, me, rogorceklesiis Tavi, veZebdi saSualebas eklesiis interesebisdacvisaTvis da am mizniT mivmarTe genuis konferencias.

aq TavisTavad ismeba kiTxva, aqvs Tu ara eklesiis Tavsufleba eklesiis TavisuflebasTan erTad Tqvas rame erovnuliTavisuflebis Sesaxebac da, Tu ar aqvs, iqneba Tu ara espolitikur sferoSi SeWra? Cemis rwmeniT, amis uflebasCven gvaZlevs qristianuli swavla-moZRvreba. is gveubneba,rom kaci RvTisagan Tavis saxed da msgavsad Seqmnilia. Rv-Tis saxeoba da msgavseba aRbeWdilia mis sulier TvisebebSi,romelTa Soris umTavresi Tvisebaa Tavisufleba. pavle mo-ciquli gveubneba, rom Cven wodebul varT Tavisuflebi-

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saTvis. qristem mogvaniWa es Tavisufleba da mtkiced undaSevinaxoT igi. erTxel ganTavisuflebulma ar unda david-gaT isev monobis uReli (gal. 5,1); gvetyvian rom mociquliambobs individualur da sarwmunoebriv Tavisuflebaze daxalxis Tavisuflebas ar exebao, magram vinc Caukvirdebamociqulis sityvebs, darwmundeba, rom is gulisxmobs koleq-tiur individumebs _ erebs da maTs amqveyniur urTierTo-bas. amas mociquli cxadad gvimartavs, rodesac gveubneba,rom Tavisufleba unda gvqondes ara `safarvelad ukeTure-bisa~ (1 pet. 2,16), ara `mizezad xorcTa,~ aramed ZmaTasiyvarulisaTvis, xolo ukeTu `urTierTas ikbinebodiT daSeiWamebodiT, ixileT nuukue urTierTas ganilineT~, am-bobs igi (gal. 5, 13-15). e.i. Tu erTmaneTSi uTanxmoeba dabrZola geqnebaT, vaiTu amowydeTo. cxadia, aq naTqvamia ad-amianebis krebulTa da xalxTa Soris urTierTobebze. amisgamo Tu me Cems werilSi Sevexe eris Tavisuflebis sak-iTxs, amis uflebas maZlevda saRi werili da Cven, sasuli-erno pirni am movaleobis asrulebas gverds ver avuxvevT.es erTi.

meores mxriT, rogor ginda ar Seexo xalxis cxovrebissakiTxebs, da aman ar miiRos politikuri saxe, rodesaceklesiis da politikuri erTeulis Semadgenloba erTi daigivea _ eklesiis wevrni imave dros arian saxelmwifoswevrni. amis gamo yovel Cvens moqmedebas, yovel sityvasSeiZleba mieces politikuri xasiaTi, Tu amis survili gveqne-ba. eklesiis da saxelmwifos erTmaneTisagan gamoyofa me isemesmoda, rom gamoyofil eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi saxelm-wifo ar Caereoda, magram sinamdvile gviCvenebs, rom vscde-bodi. 1922 wels erTi provincieli qalaqis eklesiaSi xalxsmivmarTe sityviT, romelSidac veubnebodi mas, rom is iyoserTguli eklesiisa, rom asrulos qristianuli moTxov-nileba, rom eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifodan, rom mTavro-ba amis gamo ar ereva mis Sinaur saqmeebSi, morwmuneebs arukrZalavs iqonios Tavisi sarwmunoeba, sindisis Tavisu-

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fleba da sxva Turme es sityvac adgilobriv xelisufalTmoeCvenaT sawinaaRmdegod da uTqvamT, rogor gabeda amisTqmao. iyo SemTxveva, mqadagebelma Tavis sityvaSi moiyvanaqristes sityvebi: `bWeni jojoxeTisani ver moerevian~ ek-lesiaso. aha, jojoxeTi gviwodao. dasabamidan qristiano-bisa eklesiaSi miRebulia litanioba, magram amasac Tvliankontrevolucionerul demonstraciad da sxva.

saqarTvelos eklesia da samRvdeloeba aras dros aryofilan kontrevolucioneruli mimarTulebis. Tu maTzemsjeloben ruseTis eklesiis analogiiT, es didi usamarT-loba iqneba. Cvenma eklesiam da erma 120 weliwadi gaataramonobaSi. didi da xangrZlivi brZolis Semdeg daibrunaTavisufleba da surs SeinarCunos is. samRvdeloebis zrax-vebi amis iqiT ar midis. sul sxvaa ruseTis eklesia. pirv-elsave saeklesio krebaze (1917-18 wlebi) iyo gamoTqmuli,rom ruseTis xsna mxolod TviTmpyrobel mefeSia, maszemsjelobdnen da ocnebobdnen, xolo am krebis gagrZelebam(varlovicSi) kidevac daadgina, mowveul iqnas ruseTis taxtzemefe. delegatTagan xels awerda 86 (roZiankom Seikava Tavi),erTma mRvdelmTavarma (mitr. platoni), rogorc gamoqvey-nebuli iyo, Seadgina saRmrTo razmi sabWoTa xelisuflebiswinaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, _ aba, gviCveneT amnairi ramsaqarTvelos eklesiis krebebis an kerZo samRvdelo pirisistoriaSi? miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis eklesia gacilebiTufro karg pirobebSia, vidre saqarTvelosi. raSia saqme? Tuaq Cemi werilia mizezi, xalxi da samRvdeloeba ra SuaSia?is Cemi dawerilia eklesiuri da erovnuli interesebisdacvis TvalsazrisiT da meve meTxoveba pasuxi.

rogor aris dayenebuli erovnuli sakiTxi? pirveladsabWoTa xelisuflebas arc ki hqonda Tavis programaSi erovnu-li sakiTxi, is uaryofili da daCrdiluli iyo internacio-nalur mimarTulebis ukiduresobiT (is emsaxureboda mx-olod didmpyrobelobis ideas). Semdeg am sakiTxs mieqcayuradReba. stalini ambobs, rom nikoloz meoris dros mx-

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olod da mxolod erebis garusebaze fiqrobdneno. amaSi mecsavsebiT veTanxmebi, radganac Cemi 37 wlis msaxurebis gan-mavlobaSi am borotebas vebrZodi beWdviTis sityviT (adg-ilobriv da sataxto petrogradis Jurnal-gazeTebSi) dasaqmiT, ris gamo devna, tanjva da mwuxarebis meti aradamimsaxurebia ra. magram ganagrZos stalinma, rogoria axlaam sakiTxis mdgomareoba. axla sul sxvao, ambobs igi, sabWo-Ta xelisufleba ar cdilobs yvela erebi alaparakos erTenaze. rac unda patara iyos eri, is scdilobs Seuqmnas maswera-kiTxva da mwerloba. me-X yrilobam daadgina: 1. sabWo-Ta xelisufleba yvela erebSi moewyos adgilobrivi pirobebis,zne-Cveulebis da midrekilebis mixedviT da SefardebiT. 2.saqmis warmoeba da miwer-mowera usaTuod unda iqnes adgi-lobriv enaze da 3. skolebSi swavlebis enad unda iqnasusaTuod adgilobrivi ena. me-XII yrilobam kidev ufrogaafarTova erovnuli sakiTxi. amnairad sabWoTa xelisu-fleba erovnuli sakiTxis uaryofidan gadaixara mis cnobam-di, misi samsaxurisaken (Tumca es jer, savsebiT ar arisganxorcielebuli). es asec unda momxdariyo, amas Txou-lobda cxovreba da amisTvis Zalauneburad angariSi undagaewiaT.

miuxedavad amisa, yvela rusi komunisti amas ar Tanau-grZnobs. leninma sTqva: ̀ gafxikeT zogierTi komunisti rusida Tqven dainaxavT wiTel patriotsa da Sovinistsao.~ maT-Si bevria didmpyrobelobis ideis mimdevarni _ im didmpy-robelobis, romelsac leninma uwoda ðóñîïÿòñòâî. X yri-lobaze aRniSnuli iyo, rom rusi komunistebi ganapira qvey-nebSi amayoben Tavis rusobiT, maT swamT ara federacia,aramed ganuyofeli ruseTi. ukrainis warmomadgenelma komu-nistma zatonskim aRniSna X krebaze, rom poloneTis dagaliciis winaaRmdeg mimaval jars amxnevebdnen rusuli pa-triotizmiT, ruseTis ganuyofelobiT. TviT saxelwodeba`sabWoTa ruseTSi~ zatonski xedavs imave didmpyrobelobiTideas da ambobs: germaniac rom SemogvierTdes, nuTu maSi-

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nac darCeba saxeli `sabWoTa ruseTio.~rogorc ruseTis didmpyrobelobas, ðóñîïÿòñòâî-s, wi-

Tel patriotizms, da ruseTis ganuyoflobas, ise zaton-skis protests aqvs Tavisi safuZveli. aq naTlad mosCansbuneba adamianisa, siyvaruli Tavisi erisa da samSoblosad-mi, patriotizmi, marTalia, pirvel SemTxvevaSi zoologiuria,magram mainc patriotizmia. amnair mimarTulebas, rasakvirve-lia, lenini da saukeTeso komunistebi gmoben, magram misiarseboba mainc faqtia. erTma Cvenma umaRlesma xelisufal-Taganma erT Tavis sityvaSi gamosTqva, rom ruseTis didmpy-robelobas unda vebrZoloTo. maS raSia saqme? marto CemTvisxom ar unda iyos danaSauli didmpyrobelobis winaaRmdegxmis amoReba. sazogadoT unda iTqvas, rom is debulebani,romelnic daedva Cems werils, ar yofilan umniSvnelo.imnair viTarebisaTvis unda mieqciaT yuradReba da miaqcieskidec.

erovnul cxovrebis mimdinareobaSi defeqtebis maCvenebe-li faqtebio, mkiTxaven. ar vici saWiroa faqtebis moyvanaTu ara. amboben, rom mdgomareoba axla uaresia, vinem iyo. imdros, roca Cemi werili igzavneboda genuis konferenciaze.uaresobisas me veras vityvi, radgan ukanaskneli weliwadipatimrobaSi myofobisa gamo mowyvetili var sazogadoebrivcxovrebas, magram Tu erovnuli cxovrebis mdgomareobisuaresoba sinamdvilea, maSin saWiroa gamoirkves, sad arisamis mizezi. Cveni komunistebis energia, romis moyvareobada qarTveli eris sakeTildReoT zrunva mrwams da amisTvis,vfiqrob, amis mizezebi unda veZioT gareSe pirobebSi _CvenSi moqmed gareSe Zalebis siZliereSi. imedia Cveni muSake-bis energia SeebrZoleba am xelis SemSlel pirobebs dadaZlevs maT eris sakeTildReod. amjerad ki mainc moviyvanramdenime magaliTs:

a. dawesebulebaSi yvelaze ukeT me vicnob sagangebo ko-misias, radgan or weliwadze meti Cemi cxovreba masTan iyodakavSirebuli. Cemi pirveli am dawesebulebaSi Sesvlis

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dros Tavmjdomaris kabinetis karebTan mjdom darajs vkiTxeqarTulad raRac, xolo man mipasuxa: `ß ïî ãðóçèíñêè, íå çíàþ~. me, radgan vicodi rusuli, miviRe dakmayofileba,magram ra qnas rusulis ucodinarma? mas mekaresTanac moenesWirdeba.

afxazeTidan Camovida glexi, Svili hyavda dapatimrebuliCekaSi da misi naxva undoda, iara mTeli ori Tve da veravisgaagebia Tavisi survili, radgan CekaSi wamyoli moenis Sov-na Znelia. mere urCies da TxovniT mimarTa Cekis Tavmj-domares, ramac gasWra, miiRo dakmayofileba. magram ramdenidaujda sawyal glexs Svilis naxva? wamosvlis dros gayidaxar-kameCebi saxarjod da dahkarga ori saukeTeso Tveebis(maisi da ivnisi), rodesac afxazeTSi warmoebs xvna-Tesvasimindisa (soflis muSaoba).

daapatimres CemTan myofi mRvdelmonazoni efremi, gavug-zavneT sadili qarTulad dawerili baraTiT, damibrunes ukan,ar miiRes, baraTi rusulad unda iyos dawerilio.

iqve mopasuxe emudareba gamomZiebels, momiyvaneT moeneda malaparakeT qarTulado, gamomZiebelma ar daukmayofilaTxovna da daasabuTa amnairad: `Âñ¸ ðàâíî è ïî ãðóçèíñêè òàêæå áóäåò âðàòü, êàê è ïî ðóññêè~...

b. fosta. im xanebSi, rodesac gavgzavne werili genuaSi,Cemma kancelariam gagzavna saqmis werili duSeTis mazraSi,daabrunes amanaTze rusuli warweriT, rom misamarTi rusu-lad unda iyos dawerilio. erTma didma xelisufalma TavissityvaSi gamoaqveyna Semdegi: `erTis fostis ufrosisaganmovida moTxovnileba: radgan saqarTvelos respublikaSiqarTuli ena savaldebuloa, mogvaSoreT rusi moaxele qarTu-lis ucodinari, romelic ver asrulebs movaleobas. es sa-kiTxi mSvenieraT gadavwyviteT. rusul enaze mosuli tele-grama rusma miiRos, xolo qarTul enaze qarTvelma. mx-olod ar iyo moxsenebuli, im fostis ganyofilebaSi arse-bobs Tu ara moxeleTa morigeoba da Tu arsebobs, ras izamsrusi qarTulis ucodinari, rodesac misi morigeobis dros

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mova depeSa qarTul enaze. aris Tu ara amnairi privilegiaqarTvelisaTvis ruseTSi. magaliTad moskovSi, petrograd-Si, vladikavkazSi da sxvagan, sadac qarTveloba blomadaa.

g. rkinis gza. ukanasknel dromde iq qarTuli ena gandev-nili iyo. erTma xelisufalma Tavis sityvaSi ganacxada, rommTavrobas usayvedureben, rom rkinis gzaze saqmis warmoebaar aris qarTulad. axla muSavdeba kanon-proeqti, oris kvirisSemdeg gamova, romlis Semdeg qarTvel glexs SeeZlebamogzauroba qarTuli enis saSualebiTo. am gancxadebam six-aruli da taSi gamoiwvia. gamoqveynda es sasurveli kanoni,romelic gveubneba, rom rkinis gzis sammarTveloSi saqmeunda warmoebdes rusul da qarTul enaze, rusi _ TundacqarTuli enis ucodinari mosamsaxureni saWironi arian, radgansaqarTvelos rkinis gza Sesulia ruseTis rkinis gzaTacxrilSio. da sxv. imis gamo, rkinis gza SeuerTda ruseTisrkinis gzebs. qarTvels, rusulis mcodnes, ar SeuZliaaraqarTul respublikis teritoriaSi sapasuxismgeblo adg-ilebi daikavos rkinis gzis sammarTveloSi, albad imisTvis,rom qarTvels ndoba dakarguli aqvs. amas winaT gazeTSigamocxadebuli iyo, rom rkinis gzaze momxdar raime gauge-brobis Sesaxeb pretenziebi unda gaasaCivron sarkinigzocentralur dawesebulebaSi, romelic imyofeba moskovSi.nuTu ar SeiZleboda aq, TbilisSi daarsebuliyo amnairidawesebuleba anu ganyofileba mainc, sadac yvela qarTvelsTavis enaze SeeZleboda miemarTa saCivriT.

d. amboben, rom umTavres safinanso dawesebulebaSi _saxelmwifo bankSi _ qarTvelis samsaxuri iSviaTia da Tuvinme msaxurobs, ukavia sul dabal mosamsaxuris adgili.

e. ganaTlebis komisariatSi mxolod SarSan gadavidnensaqmis qarTul warmoebaze. 1923 wlis maisis TveSi gamovidakomisariatis brZaneba amis Sesaxeb.

v. raRac samedicino dawesebulebaSi undodaT aerCiaTpasuxismgebeli mdivani qarTuli enis ucodinari. krebisdamswreTaganma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos farglebSi mo-

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samsaxurisaTvis qarTuli enis codna savaldebuloa, da ami-saTvis mas ̀ Ðàá, Ïðàâäà~-m uwoda Sovinisti da puriSkeviCi.

sxva magaliTebis moyvanas me ar Sevudgebi, magram arSemiZlia gverdi avuxvio im SekiTxvas, romlebsac aZlevd-nen yofili menSevikebi xelisufalT 1923 wlis agvistosyrilobis dros, radgan es SekiTxvebi xalxis survilebismaCvenebelni arian:

z. Tqven ambobT, eubnebian yofili menSevikebi komunistebs,rom ruseTis proletariati aravis miscems nebas, rom qarTu-li ena iqnes daCagrulio. Tu Cveni respublika damoukide-belia, risTvis Cvenma proletarebma, komunistebma da xe-lisuflebam ar unda izrunos da miiRos zomebi amis Sesaxebo.

T. rodesac qarTveli msaxurobs qarxanaSi, valdebuliais uyvardes Tavisi samSoblo Tu arao.

T. ra saWiroa iyo saqarTvelos dayofa avtonomiebad,gansakuTrebiT ra saWiro iyo oseTis da aWaris respublike-bis daarseba. saWiroa Tu ara yvela mazras, Tems da sofelshqondes avtonomiuri uflebebio.

i. rodis gava ruseTis jari saqarTvelodan.k. rodesac qarTveli glexi _ rusulis ucodinari _

midis romelime dawesebulebaSi, valdebulia Tu ara isTavisTvis moene TviTon iSovoso.

l. miaqcies yuradReba tfilisSi xalxis gamravlebas dacremlSi amovlebul ironiiT amboben: `marqsma sTqva, yvelaqveynis proletarebo SeerTdiT da aras dros, arsad aruTqvams, yvela qveynis ltolvilebo tfilisSi Segrovdi-To~ da sxv.

CaukvirdiT am SekiTxvebs da Tqven darwmundebiT, romxalxi raRaciT ar aris kmayofili, raRac awuxebs mas da vergrZnobs Tavs bednierad. CaukvirdiT da Tqven imasac dainax-avT, rom me imisTana araferi miTqvams, rac sinamdvilesewinaaRmdegebodes da momakvdinebel codvad SeiZlebodesCameTvalos.

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SeiZleba vinmem momces SeniSvna, rom amdens vlaparakoberovnuli kiTxvebis Sesaxeb da TiTqmis araferi miTqvamseklesiis mdgomareobaze, magram gana saWiroa raimes Tqmaeklesiis mdgomareobaze? TiToeuli CvenTagani, romelicxalxis cxovrebas ukvirdeba, naTlad xedavs eklesiuri cx-ovrebis sinamdviles, xolo visac istoria uswavlia an gas-cnobia odnav mainc. iman icis, rom amnairi devnuloba, rogorcCvenSi moxda, istoriam ar icis, Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelo-baSi qristianobis pirvel saukuneebs, rodesac morwmuneniiZulebulni iyvnen TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi movaleobebisaRsasruleblad CamZvraliyvnen katakombebSi, imnairi sisas-tike, rogoric CvenSi gamoiCina komunisturma xelisufle-bam, ar yofila arc ruseTSi da arc sxva sabWoTa federaci-is respublikebSi. ruseTidan Camosulebi gancvifrebaSi modian,rodesac gaigeben eklesiis mdgomareobas saqarTveloSi. amaswinaT gazeT `komunistSi~ (30 noemberi, 1923 weli # 276)moyvanili iyo cnoba, rom ganjis musulmanur sasulierowodebis warmomadgenlebma didi britaneTis aRmosavleTSiZaladobaze moxsenebis mosmenis Semdeg gamoaqveynes wer-ili, romelSiac kicxaven inglisis im agentebs, romelnicaramusulman qveynebSi avrceleben umecrebas da crumorw-munebas, sdevnian samRvdeloebas, saRmrTo uflebebs da Seu-racxyofen musulmanTa wminda adgilebs. yvela amisTvis kicx-aven britaneTs da madlobas ucxadeben sabWoTa xelisufle-bas samarTliani mopyrobisa da misgan damyarebuli rwmenisTavisuflebisaTvis. bednieri musulmani morwmuneni! maTSiar yofila devna sarwmuneobisa! bednieri musulmanuri sam-Rvdeloeba, ramdenad win wasula igi sami wlis ganmavloba-Si, ramdenad gauswria Cveni qarTuli samRvdeloebisaTvis!!!vai, Cveni sircxvili! arc somxebis respublikaSi daketilaaramc Tu imdeni eklesiebi, ramdenic saqarTveloSi, magramimedia, momavalSi Cvenc mogvecema rwmenis Tavisufleba.

sad iyo am sisastikis mizezi? amboben, rom amis mizeziiyo TviT xalxi. mas ar undoda eklesiebi, samRvdeloeba da

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sarwmunoeba, magram marTalia es? sasuliero mTavrobis war-momadgenlis TandaswrebiT ekiTxaT xalxisTvis faruli xmismicemis saSualebiT, Torem pirdapir gamoTqmas xalxi verbedavs, rom aman ar gamoiwvios represiebi an raime bugeul-Si momxdari ubedurebis msgavsi. Tu faruli dakiTxvis Sem-deg morwmuneTa ricxvi mcire aRmoCndeboda, maSin Cven Tvi-Ton davketavdiT eklesias da morwmuneT mivawerdiT sxvasamrevlos.

gadmogvcemen, rom erT sofelSi (samegrelo) eklesiisdaketvis da mRvdlisaTvis mRvdelmoqmedebis akrZalvis Sem-deg erT Rames mohgvares mRvdels samoci mosanaTli bavSvi,ramdeni yofila am sofelSi morwmune? TiTo ojaxSi xuTisuli rom viangariSoT, gamova samasi suli morwmune. axlaramdeni morwmune ojaxi iqneboda, romelsac mosanaTlavi areyoleboda. ai es da amnairi soflebi urwmunoebad ariangamocxadebulebi. me xelSi mqonda da SeiZleba axlac mqondes,aRweriloba abaSis eklesiis dangrevis istoriisa. bugeu-lis eklesiis daketvis istoria sasamarTlos kargad moex-seneba da sx. samegrelodan, amboben, mosanaTlavi bavSvebimihyavdaT da jvrisweraSi midiodnen imereTSi, afxazeTSi dasxvaganac. yofila magaliTi TbilisSiac Camoyvanisa. micvale-bulebs wesis augeblad marxavdnen, xolo wesis asagebad dawirvis gadasaxdelad sawylebi midian Soreul adgilebSi.amdenad didia Sewuxebao, amboben, magram SeiZleba es xalx-isaTvis sasargeblo iyos sarwmunoebrivad da ekonomiura-dac? ras gveubneba amnairi magaliTebi?

rodesac xalxis urwmunoebis mtkiceba ar gamodga sak-marisad, devnulobis mizezad gamoacxades Cemi genuis kon-ferenciisadmi mimarTva da daiwyes mtkiceba, rom manamdisar yofila sarwmunoebis devnao. Tu es WeSmaritebaa, maSinxalxis survili aq ara SuaSia da Tu xalxis survili iyoeklesiebis daketva, uCemwerilodac moxdeboda is, rac mox-da. meores mxriT, sakadrisi iqneboda mTavrobisaTvis CemidanaSaulisaTvis xalxis dasja sarwmunoebrivad? magram vi-

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kiTxoT, marTalia is mtkiceba, rom Cemi werilis gagzavnam-dis ar yofiliyos viTom devna sarwmunoebisa? rodesacaxali xelisufleba myardeboda saqarTveloSi, me ganvagebdisoxumis eparqias. ra vnaxe? soxumSi axali mTavrobis TiTq-mis pirveli aqti iyo qarTvelebisa da afxazebisaTvis sakaT-edro taZris CamorTmeva da gadacema rusebisaTvis, romel-bic raodenobiT soxumis mkvidrTa erT meoTxedsac ar Sead-gendnen da romelnic ar emorCilebodnen saqarTvelos ek-lesias. meore, eklesiisaTvis ara sakeTilo zoma iyo sam-RvdelmTavro saxlis CamorTmeva, Cemi iqidan ZaliT gamogdeba,bargebis quCaSi gamoyra, Cemi komisariatidan komisariatSiSeiaraRebuli milicionerebis saSualebiT tareba da CemixuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi xan visTan da xan visTan TavisSefareba. me-3. karis eklesiis dangreva. 4. kancelariisa daistoriisaTvis Zvirfasi arqivis sanaxevro ganadgureba danaSTis samzareulosTan nestian oTaxSi Seyra, sadac sistemat-urad nadgurdeboda. 5. saeklesio saxlebis CamorTmeva damRvdel-msaxurTa Seviwroeba, ris gamo zogierTi mRvdelT-agani iZulebuli gaxda, sofelSi Seefarebia Tavi da Tavisrigis Sesasruleblad iqidan eara qalaqSi da sxv. yvela esmoxda axali mTavrobis damyarebis pirvel Tvesave.

igive moxda foTSi, ris gamoc mRvdelmTavari, romelsacbina waarTves, iZulebuli gaxda samsaxurisaTvis Tavi daenebe-bina. sakaT. sabWos SuamdgomlobiT Sinagan saqmeTa komisar-iatma gasca gankarguleba foTis samRvdelmTavro saxlisdabrunebis Sesaxeb. magram adgilobrivma mTavrobam uyura-dRebod dastova centraluri mTavrobis gankarguleba. ruse-Tis centralizaciis sistemas mtkiced vicavT da vemor-CilebiT da Sin ki ver gangvixorcielebia es sistema. Sina-gan saqmeTa komisariatma SeimuSava proeqti, rom is Senobe-bi mainc darCnen xeluxlebeli, romlebic imyofebian ek-lesiis ezoebSi. proeqti damtkicebul iqmna cent. aRmas-rulebeli komitetisagan, magram sisruleSi moyvanas vereRirsa. sakaT. sabWos saqmeebSi bevria magaliTebi provinci-

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is daba-soflebSi saxlebis CamorTmevisa da samRvdeloebisSeviwroebisa. cxadia, axal xelisuflebas Tavidanve etyo-boda, Tu ranairi iqneboda misi gezi saeklesio saqmeebSi datyuilia imis mtkiceba, rom yvelaferi werilis brali iyos,me amas ver davuSveb, imdenad ver davamcireb mTavrobas,romelsac pativs vcem.

gareSe amisa unda aRvniSno erTi ram. istoria gvimtki-cebs, rom devnuloba uZluria mospos sarwmunoeba. piriqiT,SeniSnulia rom devnuloba aZlierebs mas, mecnierTa azriT,pirvel saukuneebSi rom ar yofiliyo sastiki devnuloba,SeiZleba qristianobas arc ki gaemarjva, Camqraliyo, magrambrZolam misca mas Zali arsebobis ganmtkicebisa. sarwmu-noeba aris xalxis sulieri moTxovnileba. devnuloba ammoTxovnilebas ufro aZlierebs. is Rrmavdeba, ikumSeba dagubdeba da amoxeTqavs gaZlierebulis ZaliT. ase iyo yvel-gan, ase iqneba CvenSic, saqarTvelo ar iqneba gamonaklisadsazogado kanonebidan. maSin xalxs dasWirdeba eklesiebi,samkaulebi da Sesamoslebi. vin aRudgens mas dangreul ek-lesiebs. daubrunebs Sesamoslebs da eklesiur aucilebladsaWiro samkaulebs? mizanSewonilad da mofiqrebulad Seg-viZlia CavTvaloT Cveni mTavrobis politika eklesiis Sesaxeb?me mesmis mxolod ideuri brZola, magram mowinaaRmdegemxaresac unda hqondes ufleba Tavisi rwmenis dacvisa. ma-gram kmara amis Sesaxeb, vinaiTgan axla TviT mTavroba mimx-vdaria, rom misi moqmedeba gadaWarbebuli iyo. Secdomamouvida. es beWdviTac ki gamoaqveyna man, rac momaswavebe-lia gezis Secvlisa.

Cven movixsenieT, rom xelisuflebam aRiara Tavisi Sec-domebio. agreTve yofili menSevikebis yrilobis dros dasxva SemTxvevebSiac komunisturma partiam ganacxada, rommas bevri Secdomebi mouvida, magram amis aRiarebis mas arrcxvenia. didad sasaxelo Tvisebaa. yoveli adamiani Secdo-mis Svilia, Secdomebi mas Tan sdeven. misi TandayoliliTvisebaa, magram, rodesac adamiani ar jiutobs, rodesac

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gulaxdilad misi aRiarebisa ar rcxvenia, es momaswavebeliagasworebisa da winmsvlelobisa. me vfiqrob, rom Cveni ko-munistebis dayofa or banakad _ centralistebisa da ukl-onistebisa _ Sedegia ukanasknelTagan erovnul sakiTxSiTavis Secdomebis Segnebisa da erovnuli principebis miRe-bisa. pirvelma partiam gareSe xelSemwyoblebisa gamo gaim-arjva, xolo uklonistebi gariyul iqnen imis gamo, romdidmpyrobeli erisTvis saWiro da margebeli iyo central-izmi. zinovievi Tavis im werilSi, romelmac gamoiwviadiskusiebi, ambobs: `iseTi qveynis mmarTvels, rogoric Cve-ni qveyanaa, ruseTis (xazi Cemia) kompartias ar SeuZlia ariyos centralistur organizaciad~ _ (`komunisti~ 9 de-kemberi, 1923 weli, #284). rogorc am sityvebidanac sCans,komunistur xanasi suyvela erebisaTvis ar aris saWiro dasavaldebulo centralisturi wes-wyobileba, xolo ar arisgamorkveuli sakiTxi, aris Tu ara margebeli saqarTvelo-sTvisac centralizmi da, Cemis azriT, qarTul diskusante-bisaTvis saWiro iyo mieqciaT umTavresi yuradReba am sak-iTxis gamorkvevisaTvis.

sakavSiro cakis mesame yrilobaze moskovSi Cveni mTavro-bis warmomadgenelma waradgina debulebis proeqti sadireq-tivo komisariatis daarsebis Sesaxeb da amis saWiroebisdasasabuTeblad Tqva Semdegi: `klasobrivi mxriT Cven varTabsoluturad centralistebi~. magram imave dros angariSiunda gavuwioT ssr kavSiris xalxTa nacionalur Tavisebu-rebebs da SevitanoT es Cvens konstituciaSi. centraliza-cia, saerTo sakavSiro komisariatebi, Seeferebian sabWoTaxelisuflebis klasobriv safuZvels. meore mxriT, Cven gva-qvs komisariatebi, romlebic gamoxataven naciaTa miswrafe-bebs da Seeferebian calke respublikebis kulturul-is-toriul da yofa-cxovrebis Taviseburebebs, es komisari-atebi absoluturaT avtonomiuri arian (`komunisti~. 10noemb. 23 w. #259), aqedan cxadia, rom Cven gvaqvs mxolodkulturuli avtonomia, magram isic ar viciT danamdvilebiT,

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am sferoSic varT Tu ara sruliad Tavisufali da is sa-direqtivo komisariati, romelic unda daarsdes, albaTsaWiroa am avtonomiur farglebis viTarebisaTvis. beWdviTsityvas arc ki dausvams sakiTxi, gamoerkvia, aqvs Tu araqarTvel ers raime saqmeebSi damoukidebloba, arsebobs Tuara raime Tavisufleba. es kiTxva SeiZleba daisvas for-maluri mosazrebiT, xolo namdvilad ki zemoT naTqvamisSemdeg cxadia, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs erovnuliTavisufleba. komunisturi moZRvreba winaaRmdegia saxelm-wifoebrivobis arsebobisa da xels uwyobs mis sruliadmospobas. stalini ambobs amis Sesaxeb Semdegs: `1917 wels,roca Cven win, oqtombrisaken mivdiodiT, Cven saqme isewarmogvedgina, rom gveqneba komuna, rom es iqneba mSromel-Ta asociacia, rom biurokratizms dawesebulebebSi moeRe-baT bolo da rom saxelmwifos, Tu uaxloes periodSi ara,ori-sami xanmokle periodis ganmavlobaSi mainc, gadavaqcevTmSromelTa asociaciad. praqtikam ki dagvanaxa, rom es arisideali, romlidanac Cven kidev Sors varT, rom imisaTvis,raTa saxelmwifo ganTavisufldes biurokratizmis elemen-tebisagan, imisaTvis, rom sabWoTa sazogadoeba mSromelTaasociaciad gadaiqces, saWiroa mosaxleobis maRali kultu-ruli done, saWiroa garSemo sruliad uzrunvelyofilimSvidobiani pirobebi. imisaTvis rom saWiro ar iyos jareb-is didi kadrebi, romlebic moiTxoven auarebel xarjebs damZime uwyebebs, romlebic Tavis daRs asvamen sxva saxelm-wifo dawesebulebebsac (`komunisti~. 14 dek. 23 w. #288).diax, TviT komunistebi darwmundnen, rom komunizmis ganx-orcielebaze fiqri Zalian naadrevia. ganxorcieleba komu-nizmisa moxdeba maSin, rodesac dadgeba is dro, rodesacgaxdeba SesaZlebeli davinaxoT ̀ Txa da mgeli erTad Zovdes~,rodesac, rogorc winaswarmetyveli ambobs, saomari iaraRe-bi saxnisebad iqnebian gadakeTebuli, rodesac kaci kacisTvisar iqneba mgeli, erTi sityviT, rodesac adamianis bunebagardaiqmneba. marTalia es dro sanatrelia, magram es aris

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ocneba, marTalia Zalian tkbili, magram mainc mxolod oc-neba. davuSvaT, rom es ocneba SeiZleba iqces sinamdviledda misTvis saWiroa mzadeba, TandaTanobiT ganxorcieleba amidealisa, magram ver gagvigia, risTvis unda dawyebul iqnasusaTuod saqarTvelodan, misi damoukideblobis gauqmebidan.daiwyos TviT didmpyrobeloba da saqarTvelo _ cnobiliTavisi wambaZvelobiT TvisebiT _ usaTuod miyveba mis ma-galiTs. uamisod centralizacia _ wvril erebisagan Tavisu-flebis dakargvis saSualebiT momxdari, _ margebeli iqnebamxolod didmpyrobeli eris Zliereba-batonobis ganmtkice-bisaTvis. ityvian, es saWiroa im kavSirisaTvis, romelicarsebobs da margebulia patara erebis fizikurad Senaxvi-saTviso, magram me vfiqrob, rom Tavisufal, damoukidebelerebs Soris ufro samarTlianoba iqneba, vidre batonsa damonaTa Soris.

erTma Cvenma xelisufalTaganma erT Tavis sityvaSi sTqva:`1921 wlis ganmavlobaSi me kidev mesmoda saSiSroeba qarTve-li eris erovnulad ganadgurebisao.~ SesaniSnavi erovnuliTvalsazrisis gamomxatveli sityvebia. bevri rames gamoyvanaSeiZleba am sityvebidan, magram sxvadasxva mizezebisa gamoam xelad amis tvirTva ar SemiZlia. SevniSnav mxolod, romTu mas mouvida amnairi saSiSroeba, sxvebsac da maT Sorismec mqonda ufleba, dambadeboda igive saSiSroeba da Tudamebada igi, gekiTxebiT Tqven, viyavi movale amomeRo xmaTu ara? rodesac saxls cecxli ekideba, nuTu gulgriladunda vucqiroT im imediT, rom is TavisTavad Caqreba. mevfiqrob da imedi maqvs Tqvenc dameTanxmebiT, rom Tu vxe-davdi xalxis erovnulad mospobis saSiSroebas, movale viyavi,xma amomeRo, xolo axla am movaleobis asrulebisaTvis vs-dgavar saqarTvelos uzenaes erovnul sasamarTlos winaSe,romelic masamarTlebs, rogorc damnaSaves.

erTma ara qarTvelma pasuxismgebma komunistma (da gaz.,`muSa~-mac #20, 1924 w.) miTxra, rom me Cemis gamosvliT

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gadavikide eris mSromeli nawili, magram romel ers gulisx-mobs?! nuTu Cemi gamosvlis winaaRmdegi iqneba qarTvelieris mSromelTa umravlesoba, romlis interesebisaTvisacmindoda Semewira Cemi Tavi da Cemi piradi interesebi kide-vac Sevswire. ara, ar davijereb. glexoba, romelic SeadgensqarTveli eris 90% mets, romelic mudam dahyurebs dedamiwasda rwyavs mas Tavisi ofliT, romelic misgan moelid Tavissazrdos, romlis winaprebis sisxliT morwyuli da ZvlebiTgapoxierebulia samSoblos vel-mindvrebi, es glexoba, mwams,mudam iqneba Tavis samSoblos mosiyvarule da mis Tavisu-flebis ideis damcvels arasdros ar SeiZulebs da arcgadaekideba.

darwmunebuli var, im qarTvel mSromelT, romelnicqalaqebSi muSaoben, drogamoSvebiT mainc auZgerdeba gulisamSoblos bed-iRblis da mdgomareobis mogonebiT. qarTve-li muSis damaxasiaTebelia is Tviseba, rom is iSviaT SemTx-vevaSi wyvets kavSirs sofelTan. Sromobs da naSromis gada-narCeni umetes SemTxvevaSi miaqvs Tavisi mamapapeuli ojax-is mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. CvenSi Zalian cotaaegreT wodebuli bogano muSa. is darwmunebulia, rom misiinternacionaluri da kosmopolituri msoflmxedveloba araris Tavis samSoblos siyvarulis winaaRmdegi, ama Tu imerisTvis zrunva ar uSlis da ar ewinaaRmdegeba mis kosmo-politur Sexedulebas. piriqiT, man icis, rom qarTvelierisTvis zrunva imave dros aris kacobriobis samsaxuri,vinaiTgan qarTvelobac ari am kacobriobis nawili. marTa-lia, internacionaluri mimarTulebis ganviTarebis ganvi-Tarebis procesSi ari erTi periodi, romelsac uZaxian san-timentalur kosmopolitobas, romlis Sinaarss Seadgensocneboba mTeli qveynierebis bednierebaze da imave drosmisi mimdevarni ar aqceven yuradRebas Tavis ojaxs, Tavisxalxs, Tavis saxelmwifos, Tavisas yvelafers ucxoelzedabla ayeneben da aRfrTovanebulia yvela imiT, rac sxvisia.mxolod imisTvis, rom is sxvisia. ar vici, gavlilia Tu ara

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es xana Cveni eris cxovrebaSi. mxolod vici, rom amnairimimarTuleba iyo CvenSi da axlac arian zogierTebi, romelnicmzad arian didmpyrobel erTan dakavSirebas Seswiron qarTve-li eris Tavisufleba da erovnuli individualoba. amisTvisgasagebia zemoT moxsenebuli SekiTxva: `qarTveli, rodesacis muSaobs qarxanaSi, aris Tu ara movale uyvardes TavisisamSoblo.~ 1904 Tu 1905 wels Cveni samSoblos rome-liRac kuTxeSi iyo SimSiloba da gazeTebma gamarTes fulisSegroveba damSeuli qarTvelebisaTvis dasaxmareblad. erTmaquTaisurma soc. demokratiulma gazeTma gamosTqva, rom isTanaxmaa aagrovos Sewiruloba mxolod im pirobiT, Tu Se-grovili fuli gaegzavneba germaniis muSebs. am gancxadebamgaaoca sazogadoeba. SeekiTxen amis Sesaxeb bebels, romel-mac ganumarta SemkiTxvels, rom germaniis muSebs im drosar eWireboda qarTvelobis Semweoba da urCia, rom izrunonTavis erisTvis, misi kulturulad amaRlebisaTvis, rom isgaxdes Rirseuli wevri internacionalur ojaxisa da esukanaskneli iqneba samsaxuri kacobriobisa. imedia, axla amnairsantimentalur kosmopolitobas Cvens muSaobaSi ara aqvsadgili, rom maT Segnebulad uyvarT Tavisi samSoblo damaSasadame arc iqnebian winaaRmdegi Cemi gamosvlisa, romel-sac sagnad hqonda Tavisuflebisa da erovnuli interesebisdacva, miT umetes, rom me arasdros ar vyofilvar kontrev-oluciuri mimarTulebis da arsad ar miTqvams muSaTa diqta-turis winaaRmdeg. amis gamo me gavscem pasuxs muSebs daimedi maqvs qarTveli eris mSromeli nawili ar Seasrulebsam gazeTs `muSis~. rCevas da ar `damasamarebs~. ar mwams,rom mas hqondes amnairi gadawyvetileba, radgan me arasdros ar vyofilvar kontrevolucioneruli mimarTulebisa.

Cemi 37 wlis samsaxuri me movandome garusebis poli-tikasTan brZolas. vibrZodi rogorc moqmedebiT, ise presissaSualebiT, ramac SemZina auwereli devnuloba da CemscxovrebaSi ar minaxavs tkbili da myudro dReebi. orjer

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ganvicade samSoblodan eqsorioba. orjer viyavi gadasaxle-buli ruseTSi da orjerve samSobloSi damabruna revolu-ciam (1905-1907 w.). gansakuTrebiT sastiki iyo CemTvis me-ore gadasaxleba, romelic moxda 1907 wlis ianvarSi: warT-meuli mqonda zogierTi uflebebi _ ar mqonda neba wirva-locvisa da mRvdel msaxurebisa iseve, rogorc axla _ amerTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom maSines ufleba wamarTva saTanado mTavrobam, xolo axla saeromTavrobam, romelsac amis ufleba ar unda hqonoda, Cemicxovrebis ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi me aRvni-Snav sam moments, romelic damaxasiaTebelia axlandeli Cemimdgomareobisa. meore eqsoriobis dros, mTeli 1909 wlisganmavlobaSi, Cemi saqme hqonda xelSi general-prokurors,yofil iusticiis ministrs, cnobil Seglovitovs, magrammanac ver scno SesaZleblad is gadaeca sasamarTlosaTvis.SesaZlebelia, am ararusebis moZulesac eklesiuri Tavisu-flebis sakiTxi miaCnda imdenad naz da pativsacem sakiTxad,rom misi sasamarTlosaTvis gadacema Seufereblad miaCnda.amis gamo saqme mospo da me damibrunes uflebebi, gardasamSobloSi dabrunebisa.

2. 1917 wlis revoluciam momiswro q. staraia rusaSi,novRorodis guberniaSi, sadac me viyavi daniSnuli monas-tris winamZRvrad. revoluciis pirvel xanebSi st. rusaSiiyo areuloba, saxlebis rbeva, Zarcva, da Cemi monastericgansacdelSi iyo Cavardnili, mas moeloda didi saSiSroebada ar vicodi, ra saSualebebisaTvis miemarTa. axalma rev-olucionurma mTavrobam sruliad moulodnelad damibaraTavis erT krebaze da SemekiTxa, Tanaxma var Tu ara, rommTavrobam ikisros monastris dacvao. me, rasakvirvelia,Tanxmoba ganvucxade da madlobac gadavuxade mzrunvelobi-saTvis. da marTlac amis Semdeg monasters ar hqonia aravi-Tari saSiSroeba. amis gamo, rodesac petrogradSi gamiwviesmonawileobis misaRebad im delegaciaSi, romelic saqarTvelo-dan iyo gagzavnili eklesiis Tavisuflebis rus. mTavrobis-

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agan dadasturebisaTvis, sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iq yofnisdros sruliad darwmunebuli viyavi, radgan monastris dacvissaqme uzrunvelyofilad mimaCnda, rasac daadasturebs aqmyofi delegaciis erTi wevrTagani, ra iyo mizezi monas-trisTvis revolucioneruli mTavrobis amnairi yuradRebi-sa? rasakvirvelia ara Cemi Tvalebis simSveniere, Cemdamisiyvaruli, ara maT Rrma sarwmunoeba da siyvaruli monas-ter-eklesiebisadmi, radgan staraia, rusas revolucionere-bi TiTqmis yvela ara qristianebi iyvnen, aramed is garemoe-ba, rom me viyavi dasjili da eqsoriayofili saqarTvelodanTavisuflebis ZebnisaTvis.

mesame SemTxveva, romlis aRniSvna minda, exeba sabWoTaxelisuflebis xanas. pirveli dakiTxvis dros, 1922 wlisivnisSi, damkiTxveli maZlevs kiTxvas: nikoloz meoris drosviyavi me dasjili Tu ara. vupasuxe, rom mTeli Cemi samsax-uri gavatare devnulobaSi da orjer ruseTSiac viyavi ga-dasaxlebuli, magram nuTu esec minusia Cems cxovrebaSi-meTqi. mipasuxa: `ara, es ucilobeli pliusi ariso.~

rodesac am sam moments viTvaliswineb axla, ver momix-erxebia isini SevuTanxmo erTmaneTs. saqme imaSia, rom mizezidevnulobisa erT da igive iyo rogorc nikoloz meorisdros, ise Semdegac da ver gamigia, rodis viyavi damnaSave,maSin, rodesac Seglovitovmac ki ver momca TavisuflebisZebnisaTvis samarTalSi, Tu axla, imave danaSaulisaTvis, Tues danaSaulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. Tu 1917 w. rogorcTavisuflebis mZebnels, pativiT mepyrobodnen revolucio-nerebi, axla uaRresi socialisturi mimarTulebis dros,rodesac gamocxadebulia mcire erebis TviTgamorkvevisufleba da, maSasadame, Tavisuflebisac, ver gamigia, risTvisunda videvnebode da vidge erovnul sasamarTlos winaSe,rogorc didi damnaSave.

Tu me vicavdi Cveni eri Tavisuflebas, Tu amis uflebasmaZlevs Cveni sarwmunoebrivi moZRvreba, Tu sabWoTa adgi-

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lobrivi mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego ara miTqvams ra da mx-olod vicavdi mis damoukideblobas, Tu me xma amoviReruseTis didmpyrobelobis sawinaarmdegod, im didmpyrobe-lobisa, romlis winaaRmdeg brZolas gvirCevs erTi CveniumaRlesi xelisufalTagani, Tu sabWoTa xelisufleba aRi-arebs erTa TviTgamorkvevas, gafarToebuls politikuradgamoyofamdis, maSin me ver gamigia, risTvis unda CamomerT-vas danaSaulad eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacva dadidmpyrobelobis dasagmobad xmis amoReba.

vaTaveb da vityvi, rom me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba darogoris TvaliT Sexedavs erovnuli uzenaesi sasamarTloCemgan erovnuli interesebis dacvis saqmes, amas dagvanaxebsis ganaCeni, romelic gamotanili iqneba. aseve ganaCeni dag-vanaxebs imasac, sabWoTa xelisufleba marTla iziarebs mis-gan aRiarebul lozungs erTa TviTgamorkvevisas, Tu es mx-olod idealia, romlis ganxorcielebas unda velodoTSoreul momavalSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cvenswinaprebs tkbilad miaCndaT samSoblosa da sarwmunoebi-saTvis tanjvis miReba, agreTve CemTvis tkbili iqneba issasjeli, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi sasamarTlo mSobli-ur eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT xmisamoRebisaTvis. es iqneba dagvirgvineba im jvarisa, romelicCemgan natvirTia da vatareb Cemi cxovrebis ukanasknel TiTqmis37 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dasacavad amaRlebuli xmada msjavri, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi samsjavro, monax-aven Tavis adgils yovelis qarTvelis gulSi, _ im qarTvelisa,romelsac jer kidev ar daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSob-los siyvaruli. amiTac bednierad CavTvli Cems Tavs. rogorcmorwmune vityvi _ iyos neba RvTisa! _ da mogmarTavT qristessityvebiT: ̀ asulno ierusalemisano, nu stirT Cemzeda, aramedTavTa TqvenTa stirodeT da SvilTa TquenTa~ (luka 23,28).(19, #10).

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sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiissruliad saqarTvelos eklesiissruliad saqarTvelos eklesiissruliad saqarTvelos eklesiissruliad saqarTvelos eklesiismorwmuneTa mimarTmorwmuneTa mimarTmorwmuneTa mimarTmorwmuneTa mimarTmorwmuneTa mimarT

`yoveli morwmune qarTvelisaTvis cxadi unda iyos, Turogor satiral mdgomareobaSia saqarTvelos eklesia daisic naTeli unda iyos, rom Tu droze ar iqna miRebulisawiro zomebi Cveni eklesia mTlianad ganadgurdeba. amismizezia sakaTalikoso sabWos utaqto moqmedeba, saeklesiokanonebis ugulebelyofa droisa da garemoebisaTvis angari-Sis gauwevloba. sakaTalikoso sabWom usamarTlod dasajasaqarTvelos eklesiis yvelaze uxucesi mRvdelmTavariepiskoposi daviTi da moindoma misi quTaisidan mawyverelepiskoposad gadayvana, sadac arc binaa, arc saSualeba misSesanaxad. mas brali wauyenes viTom eretikosobaSi.

episkopos daviTis mier Sedgenili saeklesio reformisproeqti, piriqiT Zalian kargia.

episkoposi daviTi iyo kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisTanda mosTxova gadadgoma, es ara Tu danaSauli, aramed mova-leobis Sesruleba iyo, romelic gamoxatavda samRvdeloeb-is survils ar Careuliyvnen politikaSi...

quTaisis krebis mizania _ saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba Caayenos normalur kalapotSi. gareSe politikisamisi sruli avtokefaliis safuZvelze. Cven araviTari mwvale-bluri reformebis momxreni ara varT... Cven reformebisJiniT ar varT Sepyrobilni da arc vapirebT mis SemoRebas,Tu amas saWirod ar dainaxavs saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba.

1926 w. 25 dekemberi.

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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqambrosisambrosisambrosisambrosisambrosis

`warmovadgenT ra pirs dadgenilebisas danarTebiTurT q.quTaisSi ama wlis 24-25 dekembers momxdar saqarTveloseklesiis episkoposTa samRvdeloTa da morwmune erisagankrebisas, mowiwebiT gTxovT SexedoT Cvens moqmedebas, rogorcdroisa da Seqmnil garemoebaTagan nakarnaxevs. Cveni mizaniasaqarTvelos eklesiis erTianoba, simSvide, simtkice. CvenaraviTari ganzraxva ar gvaqvs uadgilo da udroo reforme-bi SemoviroT eklesiaSi, varwmunebT Tqvens uwmidesobas,rom Tqvendami siyvaruli da pativiscema uaRresad gaRvivdeba,rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi. ukeTugaiziarebT Cven TqvenTan TanamSromlobas kargi iqneba. war-modgenili dadgenileba ar aris Tqveni uwmidesobis pirovnebiswinaaRmdeg, aramed gamowveulia mxolod saqarTvelos ek-lesiis siyvaruliT.

quTaisis krebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti qristefore~`miviRe informacia, rom quTaisSi episkopos daviTis mier

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSemowveulia saeklesio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen sxvaeparqiebidan zogierTi mRvdelmTavari da sasuliero piri.sakaTalikoso sabWom miiRo mxedvelobaSi, rom amnairi krebaar aris gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis davalebiT_ ganaCina: quTaisSi Catarebuli kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. (15, 324, 325).

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ndobis baraTindobis baraTindobis baraTindobis baraTindobis baraTi

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti endoba amis warmomd-gens ioseb mreveliSvils, raTa man miiRos gansvenebulikaTolikosis ambrosis mier universitetisaTvis sicocxle-Sive Sewiruli biblioTeka.

universitetis reqtori1927 w. 5 aprili. Tbilisi. (12, 539).

patriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilispatriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilispatriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilispatriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilispatriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilismogonebamogonebamogonebamogonebamogoneba

ambrosi xelaias meuRle _ kesaria merWule mesame Svi-lis _ anas (Cemi bebiis) dabadebas gadahyva 23 wlis asakSi.ambrosi colis gardacvalebis Semdeg berad aRikveca. ke-saria dakrZalulia ilorSi, samrekloSi, radgan ilori mer-Wuleebis salocavi yofila.

kesaria merWules naTesavebi oCamCireSi cxovrobdnen. iqmas Zmis Svilebi da SviliSvilebi hyavs. cxadia, amJamadisinic ltolvilebi arian da maTTan urTierToba gvaqvs.ambrosis soxumSi, kirovis quCaze saxli hqonda ezoTi. Semdgomam saxlSi cxovrobda misi vaJi _ aleqsandre. maxsovs biZiaaleqsandresTan rom CavdiodiT, gzad ilorSi Cemi didibebiis saflavs vewveodiT xolme.

aleqsandrem ganaTleba peterburgSi miiRo. mas ori colihyavda. pirveli Zalian lamazi qali yofila. Svili ar hyavdada megobarma afxazma aCuqa Tavisi vaJi _ vaxtangi, romelsacratomRac `uSkuras~ veZaxdiT. aleqsandre meore colma _rusma qalma dinam ver SeiTvisa 6-7 wlis vaxtangi da mSoblebsdaubruna. miuxedavad amisa, urTierToba aleqsandresa davaxtangs Soris ar gawyvetila. mravali wlis Semdeg log-inad Cavardnil aleqsandresa da dinas swored vaxtangi da

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misi coli uvlidnen. aleqsandrem sikvdilis win saxliSvilobils dautova. vaxtangi amJamad ltolvilia da zug-didSi cxovrobs. adre galSi cxovrobda. amaswinaT Camovidada Tqva, rom ambrosis saxli bombma daangria. vaxtangs xe-laiebis gvari ar miuRia, mas afxazuri gvari aqvs, magramqarTvelebis mxares ibrZoda da afxazebma pirveli areulo-bis dros (rusTavelis Zegli roca daangries) daWres.

ambrosi xelaias ufrosi Svili _ nino colad gahyvaviqtor donduas, cnobil ojaxiSvils, varlam, karpez dadaviT donduebis Zmas. isini parizSi cxovrobdnen. iq samed-icinoze swavlobda dondua. maTi erTaderTi Svili _ TamariruanSi iyo dabadebuli. (aseTi sasacilo ram xdeboda,saqarTveloSi sadac midioda, yvelgan uwerdnen rom dabade-bulia rionSi...).

viqtor dondua _ ambrosis siZe, eqimi iyo, amasTanavedidad gatacebuli xelovnebiT da parizSi sakuTari antik-varuli maRazia hqonda. pirveli msoflio omis win bebiaCemisorbonaSi saswavleblad Cavida da dasTan cxovrobda. ram-denime weli iq swavlobda _ sabuTic ki SemogvrCa _ magramdamTavreba ver moaswro. revoluciis Semdeg sabWoTa xe-lisuflebam gamoacxada _ vinc ar dabrundeba, sazRvrebidaiketeba da aRar SemovuSvebTo. rogorc mamidaCemisagan,(igi mamaCems deidaSvilad ekuTvnoda da me mas mamidas veZa-xdi) Tamar donduasgan gamigia, amis gamo didi usiamovnebaqhondaT parizSi. bebiaCems _ anas dabruneba undoda, Tavisida _ ninoc daiyolia, magram misi meuRle viqtor donduauarze iyo. mZime kaci yofila, qalebis moyvaruli, amitombebiaCemma anam _ mtkice da Zlierma umcrosma dam iZala _xeli mohkida ufros das. ninos, disSvils _ Tamars daerTad gamoemgzavrnen parizidan. ker londonSi Casulan,Semdeg fineTSi da iqidan gemiT peterburgSi. Tamari maSinxuTi wlis yofila. Turme bavSvis sazRvarze gadmoyvanisufleba ar hqondaT. gemze bebiaCemma bavSvi leibebSi damalada gaafrTxila ori saaTi xma ar amoiRo da ar gainZreo.

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Semowmebisas Cemodnebi da mTeli bargi gaCxrikes, magrambedad leibebisaTvis xeli ar uxliaT. aseTi wvalebiT Camo-aRwies TbilisSi. nino meored ar gaTxovila. mkacri daTavSekavebuli qali iyo. parizidan wamosvlas ar nanobda. iqdaaxloebiT rva weli gaatara. omis wlebSi nino xelaiaWleqiT daavadda da gardaicvala.

misi meuRle, viqtor dondua bolomde parizSi cxovrobda.modioda informacia, rom eZebda Svils, magram aq iseTisituacia iyo rom Tamari pasuxs ar scemda. bolos, ukve 16-17 wlis rom viyavi, movida cnoba donduas gardacvalebisSesaxeb. antikvaruli maRazia parizSi da mTeli qoneba dau-tova Svils _ Tamars. donduas araCveulebrivi biblioTekahqonia. es iyo daaxloebiT 1977-78 weli. amdenad SeSinebu-li iyo Tamari, rom ar miakiTxa am sabuTs. araferi viciTsad wavida is qoneba, naTesavebs vakiTxineT safrangeTSi dagavigeT, rom donduas erTi momvleli qali hyolia saxlSida savaraudoa, rom yvelaferi mas darCa, an, rac im drosxSirad xdeboda, sukma wamoiRo yvelaferi (Setyobinebacsukidan movida) da samaxsovroc araferi darCenia Tamars.

patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg Tamari da dedamisi (am-brosis Svili da SviliSvili) erT oTaxSi cxovrobdnensionis ezos ukan rom saxlebi iyo _ iq. saerTo da samza-reuloTi. ninos qaliSvili Tamari bibliografi iyo. wlebismanZilze sajaro biblioTekaSi muSaobda mxareTmcodneobisganyofilebis gamgis moadgiled, Zveli Taobis mecnierebi,axalgazrdoba _ yvela icnobda da pativs scemda. Tamari argaTxovila da STamomavlobac ar darCa.

ambrosis mesame Svili _ bebiaCemi ana, Cvili daoblebuligogona ambrosis wuTiTac ar mouSorebia. arc naTesavisTvismiucia. ZuZus megreli qali awovebda, Semdeg rusi gamzrdelida da zrdidnen. saerTod ambrosi araCveulebrivi mama iyo.samive Svili yvelgan Tan dahyavda. gadasaxlebaSic axldnen.

pirvelad gadasaxlebuli iyo peterburgTan, staraia ru-saSi. bebiaCemma anam iq daamTavra rusuli skola da qarTuli

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didxans ar icoda.deda rom gardaicvala rusi gamzrdeli mouyvanes, Semdeg

staraia rusaSi mouwia cxovreba da swavla, rogorc ukvevTqvi bolos sorbonaSi. ase rom TbilisSi dabrunebulmamxolod rusuli da franguli icoda. kldiaSvilebis rZalirom gaxda, mere sagangebod iswavla qarTuli. qarTul lit-eraturasac kargad icnobda.

sxvaTaSoris ambrosim kargad icoda megruli. maxsovssandro Ziac SesaniSnavad laparakobda megrulad. bebiaCemicTurme franguli aqcentiT laparakobda megruls.

bebiaCemi parizidan dabrunebis Semdeg frangulis Tar-jimnad muSaobda foTSi. vasil kldiaSvili _ Cemi didibabua, hyavda ori vaJi _ nikolozi da vasili. babuaCeminikoloz kldiaSvili foTis sadguris ufrosi iyo. maslenigradSi hqonda miRebuli rkinigzelis ganaTleba.

bebiaCemi da babuaCemi foTSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. maTerTi vaJi _ gia gauCndaT. meore bavSvze fexmZimed rom iyo,bebiaCemi daeca da imis mere Svili aRar eyola. ase rom,mamaCems samwuxarod da-Zma ar hyolia.

mama da deda eqimebi iyvnen _ ftiziatrebi. SeuRlebidanrva wlis Semdeg gavuCndi me _ erTaderTi SvilTaSviliambrosi xelaiasi.

ambrosis TbilisSi bina ar hqonia. sapatriarqos SenobaSicxovrobdnen. axlac imave SenobaSia sapatriarqo. erTxel,mamaCemma, sapatriarqoSi stumrobisas maCvena mesame sarTulzeoTaxi, sadac eZina pataraobisas da fanjara, romlidanacerT-erT monazonTan erTad uyurebda patriarqis gasvenebasezodan.

vici, rom sapatriarqoSive gardaicvala.* (SeniSvna: sapa-triarqos aRniSnuli Senoba ukve CamorTmeuli iyo xelisu-flebisagan. s.v.). mamaCems axsovda raRac SeSfoTeba, oTaxSiSerbodnen, gamorbodnen... bebia 31 wlis iyo. igi kldiaS-vilebis ojaxSi cxovrobda _ saiaTnovas quCaze. sapyro-biledan gamosul patriarqs, rogorc Cans aRar tovebda

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bebiaCemi da eqvsi wlis mamaCemTan erTad sapatriarqoSigadmovida sacxovreblad.

amboben, rom bebiaCemi sasamarTloze gamodioda da icavdamamas.

mamidaCemma, Tamarma, ambrosis Tu raime nivTi hqonda Semor-Cenili _ me gadmomca. CemTvis mouyolia: ambrosi metexidanrom gamouSves Zalian mZimed iyo, Tirkmelebi hqonda da-zianebuli da cixis sinesteSi ufro gaumwvavda avadmyofo-ba. gamouSves imitom rom icodnen _ didi dRe aRar ewera.da ai, metexidan gamosuli dasustebuli patriarqi martod-marto, Zlieri neli nanijiT gadmodioda e.w. viris xidze(axlandel metexis xidze). modioda Zalian didxans, sveneb-svenebiT. xalxma etyoba dainaxa da sanam sionamde miaRwiamTelma Tbilisma gaigo rom cixidan gamosuli patriarqisionSi midis. rodesac ambrosi sionSi Sevida taZari xalxsveRar itevda... mrevli muxlmodrekili da damxobili SexvdaTavis patriarqs. sionSi Sesul patriarqs amdeni xalxi romdaunaxavs, xelebi zemoT aRupyria da uTqvams: `madlobaufals, saqarTvelo ar mokvdara!~ mamidaCemi mudam Tval-cremliani ixsenebda am ambavs.

ambrosi xelaias bolo wuTebis Sesaxeb araferi vici.bebiaCemi arafers yveboda. saerTod ar ixsenebda. dazafru-li da daSinebuli iyo. yvela werili da nivTi samalavSihqonia Senaxuli, ise rom arc uTqvams.

misi sikvdilis Semdeg SemTxveviT vipoveT. kldiaSvileb-is naqoni Zveli saweri magida gvqonda da uceb gatyda. ragatexavda imxela magidas, raRac daeca da ficrebs SorisnapralSi samalavi aRmoCnda. madloba RmerTs, rom gatydaTorem daZvelebul magidas albaT ise gadavagdebdiT, romaraferi dagvafiqrebda. saxlSi arcerTi foto ar iyo am-brosisa. ase gadagvirCa wlebis manZilze, magidaSi gadanaxu-li fotoebi, patriarqis piradi fotoebi, patriarqis pira-di werilebi, sasamarTloze warmoTqmuli misi ukanasknelisityvis xelnaweri.

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ambrosi xelaias mTeli biblioTeka, piradi nivTebi, Tu kirame gaaCnda aq, sapatriarqoSi da soxumSi, konfiskaciasdaeqvemdebara. erTaderTi roiali dautoves. mec maxsovssoxumSi is roiali.

ambrosis hqonda oqros jvari, romelic sandro Zias dar-Ca. gaiqurda is saxli da jvaric moipares. meore, vercxlisjvars samalavSi malavda bebiaCemi. amJamad Cveni ojaxissakuTrebaa, Tuki rodesme gakeTdeba ambrosi xelaias iseTisaflavi, rogoric am pirovnebas Seefereba, minda es jvarigadavce eklesias, raTa saflavze minis qveS dasvendes.

gvaqvs kidev nivTebi, sapyrobileSi tusaRebisagan naCu-qari. magaliTad qaRaldis saWreli da yaisnaRi, romelicqaliSvils gamougzavna _ motexili Tavi aqvs da warwera:`patriarqs _ mixeilisagan.~

miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc mogaxseneT, saxlSi ambro-si xelaias Sesaxeb ar saubrobdnen, dedaCems (e.i. ambrosixelaias rZals) Zlier eamayeboda aseTi saxelovani RvTism-saxuris STamomavali rom viyavi da Cum-Cumad maxsenebdaamas. SesaZloa dedaCemis aseT ganwyobas isic uwyobda xels,rom misi babua mRvdeli iyo. simon mWedliZe dedamisis biZaiyo da ramdneime naTesavic sasuliero piri hyavda.

me bavSobidan morwmune var. dedac da mamac partiulebiiyvnen, magram deda malulad cdilobda garkveuli eklesi-uri wesebi daecva ojaxSi. ver vityvi rom Cveni ojaxieklesiuri iyo am cnebis WeSmariti gagebiT.

dedaCemi da mamidaCemi wirva-locvaze dadiodnen, magramerTad _ arasdros. Cumad, cal-calke eswrebodnen wirvas.mamidaCems, radgan sionis ezoSi cxovrobda, SeeZlo SeumC-nevlad sanTlis anTeba ambrosi xelaias saflavze.

erTi ram cxadia. qveyanaSi Seqmnili imdroindeli viTare-bisa da ambrosi xelaias gamorCeuli moRvaweobis gamo, mis-ma Svilebma _ daSinebulebma, rom sasikvdilo manqanis msx-verpli ar gavmxdariyaviT. yvelaferi gaakeTes imisaTvis,rom Cveni ojaxi da misi kavSiri ambrosisTan SeumCneveli

216

yofiliyo boroti ZalebisaTvis. ambrosis gardacvalebisSemdeg dakiTxvebze dayavdaT misi ojaxis wevrebi, emuqre-bodnen, mTeli qoneba CamoarTves da iqidan gamoyolili SiSiveRar daZlies.

ambrosis Svilebsa da SviliSvilebs araviTari wuxili argamouxatavT dakarguli qonebis gamo. arc arafersgamodevnebian.

mamidaCems arasdros aravisTvis miumarTavs dasaxmareblad.ukadrisobda amas. sionis ukan rom daangries bina, gldanSimisces. isic ki ver moaxerxa rom bina sadme axlos eTxova.

bednierebi iqnebodnen ambrosis wmindanad Seracxvas rommoswrebodnen... vin ifiqrebda amas?!

Cemma meuRlem _ gia buRaZem 1987 wels. ambrosi xelaiasnaxatebis mTeli seria miuZRvna, romelSic patriarqis por-tretic aris. universitetSi 1988 wels moewyo am naxateb-is gamofena. misi uwmidesoba da unetaresoba, ilia II rommobrZanda gamofenaze, mamaCemma mRelvarebisagan sityva verTqva, TiTqos raRac gaeCxira yelSi da cremlebi wamouvida_ xma ver amoiRo. Cemi ojaxidan yvelaze metad me davukav-Sire cxovreba da saqmianoba eklesias. xelovnebaTmcodnegaxlavarT. vmuSaob Sua saukuneebis kedlis mxatvrobaSi(qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis institutSi). iseTi specia-loba avirCie, rom Zalauneburad unda mcodnoda TeologiurisakiTxebi, wamekiTxa eklesiis mamebis naSromebi, vyofil-iyavi axlos eklesiasTan.

sapatriarqosTan saqmiani urTierToba maqvs. amJamad varsaeklesio xelovnebis sabWos wevri da qarTuli siwmindeTaSemswavleli ganyofilebis TanamSromeli.

meuRlec RmerTma iseTi marguna, romlisTvisac sarwmu-noeba eklesia wmindaTa wmindaa.

myavs vaJi 21 wlis gia kereseliZe _ Wkviani, mSromeli,mosiyvarule axalgazrda, romelic jer energetikulze swav-lobda, miatova es fakulteti II kursidan da filosofi-urze Caabara. amJamad IV kurszea.

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kidev myavs umcrosi qaliSvili, 11 wlis nino.da kidev erTi ucnauri detali. 20 wlamde xorci ar

miWamia da pirvelad ZaliT maWames fexmZimobisas. (frinve-lis xorci dRemde arc ki gamisinjavs) erT-erTma morwmuneeqimma mkiTxa, gvarSi vinme ar gyolia, xandaxan es gene-tikuriao. marTlac, dedis mxridan mRvdelebi myavda, mamismxridan _ cxadia! merWuleebis gvarsac Tavisi madli gaaCnia.

gansakuTrebuli gansacdelis dros migrZvnia saocari,auxsneli Semweoba, romelsac is gansacdeli CemTvis sasike-Tod moubrunebia. Sinaganad darwmunebuli var rom es Cemididi babuis _ wminda ambrosi xelaias sulis Semweobaa. (31,2-3).

218

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisuwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokleuwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokleuwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokleuwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokleuwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokle

biografiuli monacemebibiografiuli monacemebibiografiuli monacemebibiografiuli monacemebibiografiuli monacemebi

1861 wlis 7 oqtomberi _ daibada martvilSi;187-1873 wlebSi _ swavlobda oCamCiris erTklasian sas-

wavlebelSi;1873-1879 w.w. _ swavlobda martvilis sasuliero sas-

wavlebelSi;1878-1885 w.w. _ swavlobda Tbilisis sasuliero seminar-

iaSi;1886 wels ekurTxa mRvdlad;1886-1896 wlebSi msaxurobda soWSi, soxumSi;1882 w. dainiSna soxumis eparqiis xazinadarad;1892 wlidan soxumis sakaTedro taZris kandelakia;1893 wlidan soxumis pirveli keTilmorwmunea;1893 wels daqvrivda;1897-1901 wlebSi swavlobda yazanis sasuliero akademi-

aSi;1900 wlis 11 noembers aRikveca berad da ewoda saxelad

ambrosi;1902 wels dainiSna WeliSis monastris winamZRvrad;1904 wels gadayvanil iqna ustmedi velickis sasuliero

saswavleblis zedamxedvelad;1906 wels dainiSna daviT garejis ioane naTlismcemlis

monastris winamZRvrad;1909 wels gadaasaxles rizianis monasterSi, wirvis ufleb-

is gareSe;1910 wels sasamarTlom gaamarTla, magram samSobloSi

dabrunebis ufleba ar misces;1910-1917 w.w. novgorodis guberniis, staraia rusas winamZR-

varia;1917 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi awarmoebda molaparakebas

saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb _

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ruseTis saxelmwifoSi;1917 wlis agvistodan saqarTveloSia;1917 w. 15 oqtombers akurTxes Wyondidel episkoposad,

imave dRes ayvanil iqna mitropolitis pativSi;1919 wlis 28 agvistodan cxum-bedielia;1921 wlis 18 ivliss arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred. 5 seqtembers gelaTSisruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad.

1921 wlis 14 oqtombers Sesrulda misi aRsaydreba;1922 wlis 7 Tebervals man gagzavna memorandumi genuis

konferenciaze.1922 wlis 30 maiss mis winaaRmdeg aRiZra sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqme;1922 wlis 22 ivnisidan SinapatimrobaSia;1923 wlis 12 ianvars igi dapatimrebul iqna;1924 wlis 10 martidan 19 aprilamde mimdinareobda misi

sasamarTlo procesi;1925 wlis 10 marts igi gaaTavisufles patimrobidan;1927 w. 29 marts igi gardaicvala, 3 aprils daikrZala

sionSi.1995 wlis 18 seqtembers Seiracxa wmindanad.

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boloTqmaboloTqmaboloTqmaboloTqmaboloTqma

Tbilisis sionis sapatriarqo taZari TiTqmis dedaqala-qis xnisaa. ramdeni mwuxarebisa da sixarulis cremlebidaufrqveviaT mis WaRara kedlebSi Cvens saxelovan winaprebs.gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, Cemi studentobis xanaSixSirad vstumrobdi am wmida taZars, sadac umetesad siwy-nare da simSvide iyo. vxedavdi erT aristrokat qalbatonsbabo dadians, romelsac davuaxlovdi, man miambo metexissapyrobileSi, rogor daumsaxureblad itanjeboda uwmide-si da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-qi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi, samSoblos Tavisu-flebisaTvis mebrZoli qarTveli patriotebi. am droidangamiCnda survili rac SeiZleba meti mcodnoda uwmidessada unetares kaTolikos-patriarqebze, kirion II-is, leonides,ambrosis, kalistrates, melqisedekis, efremis, daviTis Sesax-eb. daviwye masalebis moZieba, rac ufro bevr masalas vec-nobodi miT ufro rTuli meCvena misi qaRaldze gadatana,magram RvTis SewevniT es movaxerxe. saqarTvelos marTlma-didebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT da sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da uentaresiilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT XX saukunis ori wamebulipatriarqi uwmidesi kirion II da uwmidesi ambrosi wmind-anebad Seiracxen. maT wmida saflavebze yoveldRe cocxaliyvavilebia, cimcimebs kandeli... es aris im madlieri STamo-mavlobis siyvarulis gamoxatuleba, romelTac bolSevikursasamarTloze am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidesma da unetares-ma ambrosim `darwmunebuli var Cemgan erovnuli interese-bis dasacavad amaRlebuli xma da msjavri, romelsac mo-misjis uwmidesi samsjavro, monaxaven Tavis adgils yoveliqarTvelis gulSi, im qarTvelisa, romelsac jer kidev ardaukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSoblos siyvaruli. amiT bed-nierad CavTvli Cems Tavs.~

Tqveno uwmidesobav! 87 wlis Semdegac igive problemeb-

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is winaSe dgas Tqveni saTayvanebeli samSoblo, Tqveni loc-va, mfarveloba mas ise sWirdeba, rogorc XXI saukunisdasawyisis cocxali legendis, uwmidesi da unetaresi sruli-ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa. Cven, TqvensSTamomavlobas samSoblos, sarwmunoebis, urTierTis namd-vili siyvaruli da erTianoba, awmyoSi warsulTan da mo-mavalTan kavSiri.

sergo vardosaniZeistoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

15.07.2009 w.

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damowmebuli wyaroebi da literaturadamowmebuli wyaroebi da literaturadamowmebuli wyaroebi da literaturadamowmebuli wyaroebi da literaturadamowmebuli wyaroebi da literatura

1. S. kakuria `q. Tbilisis mosaxleoba 1803-1970 wlebSi.Tbilisi, 1975.

2. kaTolikosi ambrosi, Tbilisi. 1994.3. s. vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi. Tbilisi, 2001.4. arqimandriti ambrosi `WeliSis varianti qarTlis mo-

qcevisa~. Tbilisi, 1911.5. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate

(cincaZe) `Cemi mogonebebidan~. Tbilisi, 2001.6. saqarTvelos istoria, XX saukune prof. v. gurulis

redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 2003.7. saqarTvelos ssr kanonTa, saqarTvelos ssr prezidiu-

mis brZanebaTa qronologiuri krebuli 1921-1940 wlebSi.Tbilisi, 1959.

8. g. cxovrebaZe `qarTuli politikuri emigracia dasaqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxebi 1921-1924 wlebSi.Tbilisi, 1996.

9. n. papuaSvili `ambrosi (xelaia) ruseTis saeklesiopolitikis Sesaxeb afxazeTSi. Tbilisi, 2005.

10. j. gamaxaria, `wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli da afxaze-Ti.~ Tbilisi, 2006.

11. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodis uwyeba-Ta krebuli, tfilisi. 1927.

12. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, kaTolikos-patri-arq ambrosis fondi. #539.

13. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkopos daviT ka-WaxiZis saqme #1523.

14. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, de-kanoz nikita TalakvaZis fondi. #025-995.

15. saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kalis-trate cincaZis fondi #102.

16. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri saisto-

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rio arqivi fondi #516717. gazeTi `muSa~ 1924 w. 15 marti.18. gazeTi `komunisti~. 1924 w. 12 marti.19. Jurn. `mnaTobi~ 1988 w. #10.20. `iveria~ 1890 w. 30 aprili.21. `cnobis furceli~ 1897, 30/XI.22. `mwyemsi~ 1897 w. 30 dekemberi.23. amberi ̀ mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi~. Jurn. ̀ ganTiadi~,

1916.24. g. saiTiZe `wamebuli mSobeli qveynisa da eklesii-

saTvis.~ ̀ istoriani~. Tbilisi, 2000.25. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kirionis fondi, saqme

1319.26. sityvebi da werilebi yovlad samRvdelo aleqsan-

dreze, Sekrebuli da gamocemuli zaqaria WiWinaZisagan. Tbili-si, 1908.

27. kalistrate cincaZe `qaSueTis wmida giorgis ekle-sia~. Tbilisi, 1994.

28. saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. ambrosixelaias fondi #38.

29. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II`epistoleni, sityvani, qadagebani~ t. III. Tbilisi, 2008.

30. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodis uwyeba-Ta krebuli. tfilisi. 1927.

31. Jurn. `saydari~ 1999 #2,3.32. v. guruli `mitropolit nazaris saqme.~ Tbilisi,

2009.

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Sergo Vardosanidze

Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia his Holiness andBeatitude Ambrosi (1921-1927)

Great is the merit of his Hiliness Beatitude Ambrosi in thehistory of Georgian Orthodox Church of the XX century. Hislife was fully dedicated to the Georgian Orthodox Church.

Starting from Martvili Theological Seminary he continuedhis studies at Kazan Theological Academy, but wherever hewas his thoughts were always hovering over Georgia. Due tothat fact Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi was always subject fordiscrimination during the Tsarist regime and even after occu-pation of Georgia by Bolsheviks.

Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi was an outstanding ecclesias-tical figure for his tireless work carried out in Abkhazia,Ossetia and Ingushetia.

His Holiness Ambrosi, desperately striving for restoration ofindependence of Georgian Chirch, took active part in theFirst Church Congress.

Under the consent of His Holiness Catholicos-PatriarchKirion II, Archimandrite Ambrosi was blessed as a Bishop andar the same time he was ascended to the position of Mitrop-olite. In the period of 1919-1924 Mitropolite Ambrosi was incharge of Tskhum-Bedia Eparchy; later in 1921-1927 he wasthe Head of Georgian Orthodox Church - Catholicos-Patriarchof All Georgia.

In the memoranda sent to Genoa conference in 1922 as wellas in the court proceedings in 1924 Catholicos-Patriarch Am-brosi, declaring the opinion of the members of Georgian ChurchCouncil, condemned brutal activities carried out by Bolsheviksand occupants in the country.

Notwithstanding the great efforts, Bolsheviks failed to destroyHis Holiness spiritually, but long-term imprisonment had had

225

serious effect on his health.Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi passed away in 1927. He was

buried is Sioni Patriarchate Cathedral.In 1995, on the proposal of Catholicos-Patriarch of All

Georgia Ilia II, Georgian Orthodoc Charch Congress made adecision on canonization of the greatly suffered and torturedPatriarch under the name of Ambrosi the Confessor.

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wignis avtori: sergo vardosaniZe, istoriis mecniereba-Ta doqtori, profesori, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis daseminariis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge. saqarTve-los sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelo-bis qarTuli universitetis sruli profesori. gamoqveyneb-uli aqvs wignebi: ̀ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-arqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II-1993 w. sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresileonide.~ 2000 w. `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-triarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II. 2007 w. sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresiilia II~ 2008 w. `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-arqi uwmidesi da unetaresi qristefore III~ 2009 w. ̀ sruli-ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetare-si kalistrate~ 2009 w. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelisamociqulo eklesiis istoria 1917-1952 wlebSi. 2001 w.qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis problemebi XIX-XX ss.~2004 w. Tanaavtoria wignisa `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-li eklesia XIX-XX saukuneebSi~ (inglisur enaze. Jeneva.2006 w.).

dasabeWdad mzaddeba `XX saukunis qarTveli mRvdel-mTavrebi~.

avtori wignis gamocemisaTvis aRmoCenili daxmarebisaTvismadlobas moaxsenebs: iRumen ambrosis (maRlakeliZe), iRu-men doroTes (yuraSvili), iRumen isaaks (Radua), biznes-centr `kalasi~-s xelmZRvanelobas.

sruliad saqartvelos - sangu.ge · ambrosi sul weliwadi ar aris, rac winamzrvrad gamoam- weses,...

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