sss proporciulobis zrvars mirma gv....

# 135 / 6 - 12 maisi / 2013 fasi 2 lari

Sss proporciulobis zRvars miRma gv. 08

interviu lev gudkovTan da maria lipmanTan gv. 10

iqca Tu ara kavkasia msoflio problemad? gv. 18

nu dakargav energias, daxarje gonivrulad! gv. 28

SemowirulobebiT dapurebuli adamianebi gv. 32

fotoreportaJi: sistema unda daingres!~ gv. 44

"jojoxeTis warmotyvevna", svaneTi, laSTxveri, me-16 saukune

mTavari redaqtori

Sorena SaverdaSvili

aRmasrulebeli redaqtori

nino beqiSvili

redaqtorebi

lika zakaSvili

irakli absanZe

Jurnalistebi:

zurab vardiaSvili, TaTia xaliani,

ani WankotaZe, Tina yifSiZe, giorgi

gogua, giorgi WeiSvili, sofo

afciauri, eka maRaldaZe, laSa

qavTaraZe, qeTevan RvedaSvili

kontribucia:

lina RvinianiZe, valeri Zucevi

redaqcia:

foto-redaqtori

levan xerxeuliZe

grafikuli dizaini

Tornike lorTqifaniZe

redaqtor-stilisti

nino beqiSvili

koreqtori

naTia ormocaZe

gamomcemloba:

direqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili

biznesis ganviTarebis menejeri:

rusudan baraTaSvili

partniorebTan urTierTobis menejeri:

irma mosuliSvili

distributori:

mixeil mamuCiSvili

Jurnalis gamoweris msurvelebi

dagvikavSirdiT: 247 10 05.

# 135 / 6 _ 12 maisi / 2013

www.liberali.ge

redaqtoris sveti

`liberalis~ es nomeri 6 maiss, aRdgomis meore dRes gamodis da gamixarda,

roca movifiqreT ra unda yofiliyo Jurnalis garekanze. es aris me-16 sauku-

nis freska svaneTidan, laSTxvaris patara eklesiidan, romelsac `jojoxeTis

warmotyvevna~ hqvia. saaRdgomo siuJetia _ mkvdreTiT aRmdgar iesos adami da

eva jojoxeTidan amohyavs.

bolo ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi, `liberalis~ Tavs bevri cvlileba

moxda. Seicvala damfuZnebeli partniorebi, Seicvala dislokaciis adgili _

redaqciis misamarTi da daiwyo damoukidebeli cxovreba axali prioritetebiT,

politikuri wnexisagan ganTavisuflebuli sareklamo bazris pirispir. Jur-

nali nakleb yuradRebas dauTmobs politikur spekulaciebs da ideologiebs,

yoveldRiur, xSirad usagno xmaurs ZalauflebisaTvis mebrZoli banakebi-

dan da dawers bevrad mets ganaTlebaze, soflis meurneobis warmatebul da

warumatebel iniciativebze, fermerebze, jandacvisa da garemos problemebze,

axalgazrdebze da maT perspeqtivebze, mezoblebze da maT xedvebze. xom ar

SeiZleba, maradiulad politikosebi gvkarnaxobdnen sainformacio dRis wesri-

gs da mediac qvevris principiT muSaobdes? rogorc BBC-is erTma gamocdilma

Jurnalistma Tqva, axali ambebi ar xdeba mxolod rusTavelis gamzirze, an

kancelariaSi, arc Tundac parlamentSi. axali ambebi xdeba iq, sadac arian

adamianebi, TavianTi yoveldRiuri problemebiT.

cvlilelebis miuxedavad (da cvlilebebi Zalian miyvars), ucvlelia erTi

ram _ Cveni, rogorc damoukidebeli mediis cxovreba ar gaiolebula. wina

kviraSi, aw ukve saparlamento umciresobis wevris, xaTuna gogoriSvilis,

sruliad upasuxismgeblo braldebebs vigeriebdiT ganaTlebis saministrosTan

`korufciul garigebis~ Sesaxeb da amave dros Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTan

varkvevdiT 1 maisis aqciis dros dakavebuli studenti aqtivistebisa da Jur-

nalistebs beds. arada, Zalian mindoda, am kviraSi mainc dameRwia Tavi yovel-

dRiuri xmaurisgan da Cvens sulier Tu kulturul memkvidreobaze mefiqra.

samwuxaro erTi ramaa _ Cveni sajaro sivrce, romelsac socialuri qselebis

kakafoniac emateba, romelic sul ufro metad ixunZleba propagandiTa da

lanZRva-ginebiT, TiTqmis ar tovebs sivrces im SinaarsisaTvis, romelic Cven,

sazogadoebas, `jojoxeTidan amogviyvans~. mesmis, yvelaze didi uzustobebi

ganzogadebebSia, magram mainc mgonia, rom ar vikvlevT mTavars _ im faqtebsa

da faseulobebs, romelzec SevjerdebiT, romelsac gaviazrebT da gaviziare-

bT.

qriste aRdga!

Sorena SaverdaSvili

mTavari redaqtori

1

sarCevi

studenturi jgufis „studentebi akademiuri TavisuflebisTvis“ TxovniT baton gia eZgveraZes vTxove azri gamoeTqva, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda _ ufro aqtiuradac CarTuliyo sazogadoebriv procesebSi, romelic ganaTlebis sistemis reformis mxardaWeras isaxavs miznad. Tavidan batonma giam statiis daweris survili gamoTqva, Cveni mimoweris dasasruls ki momwera: „mgoni, araviTari statiis dawera aRar aris saWiro - es sami werili srulad asaxavs situacias: SesaZleblobebs, savaraudo problemebs da im did sargebels, rac sworad gadawyobis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba, am sistemam moitanos.“

maria lipmani _ ra Tqma unda, putinis inauguraciis Semdeg reJimi

bevrad ufro represiuli gaxda. 2012 wlis 6 maiss saxalxo mitingi poli-

ciasTan SetakebebiT da dapatimrebebiT dasrulda. mitingebi 2011 wlis

dekembridan daiwyo da ZiriTadad mSvidobianad midioda, xelisufleba

koreqtulad iqceoda, Tu ar CavTvliT mcire winaaRmdegobebs aqcie-

bis gamarTvis uflebis aRebis dros. mitingebze aravis cemdnen, aravis

iWerdnen. 6 maiss es viTareba dasrulda. daiwyo Setakebebi policiasTan,

uamravi momitinge daakaves, nawili gamouSves, magram daaxloebiT 30

adamiani winaswar patimrobaSi rCeba da erTi welia mZime ganaCenebis mo-

lodinSi varT. es reJimis represiulobisken cvlilebis ara erTaderTi,

magram yvelaze cxadi dadasturebaa. rac dro gadis, aseTi cvlilebebi

ufro da ufro meti xdeba.

Sekrebisa da manifestaciis ufleba aris umTavresi iaraRi moqalaqeebis xelSi sajarod da xmamaRla, mSvidobiani formebiT gavlena moaxdinon xelisuflebis mier ganxorcilebul politi-kaze, rac bunebrivia, ar iqneba sasurveli mosasmeni an dasanaxi saxelmwifosTvis. Tumca, demokra-tiuli sazogadoebis funqcioni-rebisaTvis gamoxatvis am formis arseboba da misi realizacia sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania da masSi Carevisas saxelmwifo gan-sakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda moqmedebdes.

faqtia, Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-tros mier aqciis msvlelobaSi intervencia warmoadgenda saxel-mwifos mxridan moqalaqeTa Sekre-bisa da manifestaciis uflebaSi Carevas, romelic im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu emsaxureboda kanonier mi-zans, ar SeiZleba miviCnioT gamar-Tlebulad, minimum gamoyenebuli Zalis araproporciulobis gamo.

"universitetSi wamyvani unda iyos Semoqmedi"

reJimi bevrad ufro represiuli gaxda

Sss

proporciulobis

zRvars miRma

gv.34

nino beqiSvili

giorgi kevliSvilisa da gia eZgveraZis mimowera

gv.10 lina RvinianiZe

gv.08

2 liberali . maisi 2013 . № 135

sarCevi

gamomcemeli: Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, Wanturias q. 5. tel.: (995 32) 2933627 el-fosta: [email protected] veb-gverdi: www.liberali.ge

sxva gamocemebi: gazeTi `liberali~`liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia.

beWdva: Sps `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 235 70 02. gamodis kviraSi erTxel, yovel orSabaTs. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2 lari.

giorgi gogua

avWalis dasaxlebaSi, ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis dedaTa mo-nasteri ukve 19 welia, 1994 wlidan moqmedebs. monasters religiurs garda, socialuri funqciac aqvs SeTavsebuli. Semowirulobebi, riTac mas mrevli exmareba, mTlianad gaWirvebul mosaxleobas xmardeba. yoveldRiurad pirvelidan 2 saaTamde aq Tbilisis sxvadasxva ubnidan, sakvebis misaRebad yvela asakis mosaxleoba dadis. nawili iqve, specia-lurad gamoyofil satrapezoSi ikvebeba, zogs sakvebi sakuTari ojaxis wevrebisTvis saxlSi miaqvs.

fotoreportaJi

SemowirulobebiT dapurebuli adamianebi

sistema unda daingres!~

gv.44-51

sofo afciaurigv.32

nomerSi:

04 mokled

komentari

08 Sss proporciulobis zRvars

miRma

interviu

10 reJimi bevrad ufro represiuli

gaxda

regioni

18 iqca Tu ara CrdiloeT kavkasia

msoflio problemad?

marTlmsajuleba

20 helen besti: urTules

mdgomareobaSi xarT

ganaTleba

24 axali biurokratiuli rgoli

saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi

ekonomika

28 nu dakargav energias, daxarje

gonivrulad!

sazogadoeba

32 SemowirulobebiT dapurebuli

adamianebi

34 ` universitetSi wamyvani unda

iyos Semoqmedi~

40 Sromis usafrTxoebis jer

ararsebuli politika

fotoreportaJi

44 sistema unda daingres!~

52 citatebi

3liberali . maisi 2013 . № 135

nebis dRed gamocxadeba, mSromelebis

marTvaSi CarTvis uzrunvelyofa,

usafrTxo samuSao pirobebi da a.S.

studentebis garda sapirvelmaiso

aqcia gamarTes profkavSirebmac.

ruseTSi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis mkacri kontroli

grZeldeba

ruseTSi saerTaSoriso arasamTavro-

boebis kontroli grZeldeba. rusma

samarTaldamcavebma arasamTavro-

bo organizacia `sazogadoebrivi

verdiqtis~ warmomadgenlebis mimarT

sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRZres.

organizaciam `ucxoeTis agentad~

daregistrireba ver moaxerxa. am sta-

tusis miniWeba sazRvargareTidan da-

finansebuli yvela organizaciisTvi-

saa savaldebulo. `sazogadoebrivi

verdiqti~ policiisgan dazaralebul

moqalaqeebs uwevda daxmarebas.

ucxoeTidan dafinansebul arasamTa-

vrobo organizaciebis umetesobas

daxurva da Zalian didi jarimis

gadaxda SeiZleba daekisroT. `ucxoe-

Tis agentebis~ Sesaxeb miRebuli axa-

li kanoni saerTaSoriso dafinansebis

mqone arasamTavrobo organzaciebis

muSaobas xels uSlis. organizacie-

bi miiCneven, rom isini vladimer

putinis mmarTvelobis kritikisTvis

isjebian.

ruseTis iusticiis saministrom da

mTavarma prokuraturam daaxloebiT

500 organizaciis Semowmeba daiwyo.

bevri organizacia acxadebs, rom Se-

mowmebas atareben aseve sagadasaxado

policiis, saemigracio, sanitaruli

da saxanZro inspeqtorebic ki. ara-

samTavrobo organizacia `belonas~

generalurma prokuraturam ofisSi

haeris Semowmebis Semdeg sanitaruli

normebis darRvevaSi dasdo brali.

organizacias, saboloo jamSi, jari-

mis saxiT 20 aTasi dolaris gadaxda

mouwevs.

rusi uflebadamcveli ludmila

aleqseeva ambobs, rom xelisufleba

bolo damoukidebel sivrces, samoqa-

laqo sazogadoebas angrevs.

1 maisi msoflios sxvadasxva

qveyanaSi

tradiciulad 1 maiss xalxmravali

gamosvlebi iyo saberZneTSi, sadac

mSromelTa solidarobis dRe pro-

fkavSirebma 24-saaTiani gaficviT

aRniSnes, romliTac mTavrobis eko-

nomikur politikas aprotestebdnen.

mTel saberZneTSi paralizebuli iyo

transportis moZraoba. evrokavSiris

monacemebiT umuSevrobis maCvenebel-

ma saberZneTSi 27,2%-s miaRwia, rac

yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia.

1 maiss aTasobiT adamiani Seikriba

bangladeSSic. gasul kviras samker-

valo qarxanaSi momxdari incinden-

tis gamo 400 adamiani gadaicvala.

demonstrantebi aqciisas usafrTxo

samuSao pirobebsa da qarxnis dire-

qtoris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis

dayenebas iTxovdnen.

fizikuri Sexla-Semoxla moxda

demonstrantebsa da policias Soris

TurqeTSi. policiam demonstra-

ciis dros daaxloebiT 20 adamiani

daakava.

1 maisi aRniSnes ruseTSic. wlevan-

del 1 maiss ruseTis prezidentma

vladimer putinma sabWoTa tradicia

aRadgina da ramdenime adamiani Sro-

mis gmiris wodebiT daajildova.

1 maisi aRniSnes saqarTveloSic. stu-

dentebis organizebuli msvleloba

policiam daarbia. daakaves 30-mde

demonstranti, maT Soris Jurnalis-

tebic. studentebi antikapitalis-

turi mowodebebis garda konkretul

moTxovnebsac ayenebdnen _ Sromis

kodeqsis gaumjobeseba, 1 maisi dasve-

mokled

ruseTis prezidenti vladimer puti-

ni ucxoeTidan dafinansebuli arasa-

mTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobas

xSirad akritikebda. organizaciis

warmomadgenlebi amboben, rom vla-

dimer putins arasamTavrobo orga-

nizaciebSi arsebuli saprotesto da

kritikuli ganwyoba ar moswons.

aSS-s prezidenti barak obama

guantanamos cixis daxurvas

iTxovs

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezi-

dentis barak obamas TqmiT, guantana-

mos cixe amerikis usafrTxoebisTvis

aucilebeli ar aris. am cixis daxur-

vis pirobas, romelSic axla 100-mde

patimari SimSilobs barak obama jer

kidev 2008 wels debda.

`2008 wels, rodesac amirCies, vam-

bobdi, rom guantanamos cixe unda

daixuros. me kvlavindeburad ase

mimaCnia. guantanamos cixe ar aris

aucilebeli aSS-s usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofisTvis da misi Senaxva

saxelmwifos Zviri ujdeba. is unda

daixuros~, _ ambobs barak obama da

pirobas debs, rom administracias

kongresTan molaparakebis dawyebis

miTiTebas miscems.

amJamad cixeSi 166 patimari imyofeba,

maTma nawilma SimSiloba 6 Tebervals

gamoacxada.

siriis prezidentma muSebs 1

maisi miuloca

siriis prezidentma baSar asadma

damaskos eleqtrosadguris Tana-

mSromlebs 1 maisi miuloca. baSar

asadis gancxadebiT, teroristebi

da maTi mxardamWerebi, cdiloben


საავიაციოსექტორისერთ-ერთიუახლესიავიაკომპა-ნიაFlyGeorgia,ArabianTravelMarket(ATM)-ისფარგლებშიმოგზაურებსორ ახალ მომსახურებას სთავაზობს _ Fly-GeorgiaHolidaysდაFlyGeorgiaსამოგზაურობარათს.

2013წლის29აპრილს_ზუსტადსაზაფხულოტურიზ-მის სეზონის დასაწყისისათვის ავიაკომპანია, FlyGeor-gia,ArabianTravelMarket(ATM)-ისფარგლებში,ქმნისორახალ მომსახურებას. FlyGeorgia Holidays და FlyGeorgiaსამოგზაურობარათიექსკლუზიურისერვისებიაავიაკომ-პანიისმომხმარებელთათვის.FlyGeorgiaHolidaysტურის-ტული სააგენტოა, რომელიც გვთავაზობს სპეციალურტურისტულ პაკეტებს მოგზაურთათვის. FlyGeorgia Holi-days უზრუნველყოფს ყველაფერს დაწყებული სასტუმ-როსადაფრენისდაჯავშნიდან,დამთავრებულივიზითადა ტურისტული ექსკურსიებით. FlyGeorgia სამოგზაურობარათი წინასწარგადახდილი MasterCard-ია, რომელიცხელმისაწვდომია FlyGeorgia-ს ყველა მგზავრისათვისდაწარმოადგენსუცხოქვეყანაშინაღდიფულისტარე-ბისუსაფრთხოდამარტივალტერნატივას.სამოგზაურობარათისგამოყენებაშესაძლებელიამსოფლიოსნების-მიერ ადგილას, სადაც MasterCard-ი მოქმედებს. თუკიმგზავრებმა ავიაკომპანია FlyGeorgia-ს ბილეთი სამოგ-ზაურობარათისგამოყენებითშეიძინეს,მათთანხის3%დაუბრუნდებათ.

„ამწლისArabianTravelMarket(ATM)-შიჩვენიმონაწი-ლეობის მთავარი მიზანია არაბული ბაზრისათვის სა-ქართველოს წარდგენა და ტურისტების ინფორმირებაქვეყნისშიგნითარსებულიღირსშესანიშნავიადგილებისშესახებ“,_აცხადებსმედიასთანურთიერთობისდირექ-ტორი,თანაზჰუსეინპური.„მასშემდეგრაცტურისტიგა-ეცნობათურაშეიძლებამასსაქართველომშესთავაზოს,ჩვენმათწარვუდგენთქვეყანაშივიზიტისადაშეთავაზე-ბულიადგილებისღირშესანიშნაობებისნუსხასადამათიმონახულებისსაშულებებს“.

ერთ წელზე ნაკლებ დროში, FlyGeorgia-მ დაასრულასამ კონტინენტზე ათი მიმართულების შექმნა. ამჟამადავიაკომპანია უახლოესი მომავლისთვის კიდევ უფროამბიციურმიზნებსისახავს.ერთ-ერთიმიზანია2013წლის

აზიურიბაზრისფარგლებშიდამატებითირეისებისშექ-მნა, რაც მგზავრებს უფროფართო არჩევანს შესთავა-ზებს. ასევე, FlyGeorgia-ს მიზანია უზრუნველყოსთავისიმომხმარებლებისთვის საუკეთესო მომსახურება და იზ-რუნოს მათზე, FlyGeorgia–სთან ერთად მგზავრობის გა-დაწყვეტისმომენტიდანსახლშიდაბრუნებამდე.

თუ გადავხედავთ 2013 წელსდა უფრო ადრეულ პე-რიოდს, FlyGeorgia–ს გაფართოების გეგმა მოიცავს არ-სებულ ფლოტზე თვითმფრინავების დამატებას, რაცბუნებრივია დაეხმარება ავიაკომპანიას თავისი მიზნსგანხორციელებაში_გაზარდოსმომსახურებამოგზაურ-თათვისდაშექმნასმეტიმიმართულებადარეისი.ავია-კომპანიისარსებულიფლოტიშედგებაოთხიაერობუსის-გან,რასაცმალედაემატებაორიახალითვითმფრინავი,რომელიც,სავარაუდოდ,წლისბოლოსთვისამოქმედდე-ბა.ავიაკომპანიაFlyGeorgia,ასევე,2013წლისმაისიდანაცხადებსუახლესმიმართულებებსბელგიისდედაქალაქბრიუსელში.

FlyGeorgiaქართულიავიაკომპანიაა,რომელიცმიზნადისახავსსაქართველოსდაკავშირებასმსოფლიოსთან,რა-თა ხელი შეუწყოსტურიზმის განვითარებას, ეკონომიკურზრდასდაქვეყნისპოპულარიზაციას.FlyGeorgiaარისკერ-ძოდაამავედროსერთადერთიავიაკომპანია,რომელსაცგააჩნიააერობუსებისფლოტი,რომელიცფრენებსასრუ-ლებს თბილისის საერთაშორისო აეროპორტიდან. ექვსთვეზენაკლებდროშიმათშექმნესსაფრენიმარშრუტებიათი მიმართულებით სამ კონტინენტზე. FlyGeorgia არისსაქართველოს სახელით მოქმედი სრული მომსახურებისავიაკომპანია,რომელიცწარმოაჩენსქვეყნისხანგრძლივდამდიდარტურისტულისტორიას.FlyGeorgiaცვლისწარ-მოდგენასსაავიაციობაზრისსრულიმომსახურებისშესა-ხებ.მისიუპირატესობააშემოგვთავაზოსღირებულიწინა-დადებადაბალფასად.

მსოფ ლი ოს სა ქარ თ ვე ლოს თან და კავ ში რე ბა

qveyanaSi sibnelem daisadguros, ro-

gorc inteleqtualur da kulturul

sferoSi aseve pirdapiri gagebiTac _

eleqtroenergiis miwodebis Sewyve-

tiT.

siriis prezidentma baSar asadma

eleqtrosadguris TanamSromlebs

mdgradobisa da teraqtebis parale-

lurad srulyofili muSaobisTvis

didi madloba gadauxada. 30 aprils

siriaSi momxdar afeTqebas 14 adamia-

ni emsxverpla.

boxar carnaevis sami megobari

dakaves

aSS-s teraqtSi eWvmitanili joxar

carnaevis sami megobari bostonis

policiam daakava. policiis gan-

cxadebiT, azamat taJaiakovma da

dias kadirbaevma joxar carnaevis

leptopi da zurgCanTa gadamales;

maT aseve bralad edebaT samxile-

bis ganadgureba. robel filipsons

ki gamoZiebisTvis cru Cvenebis

micema edeba bralad. policiis

ganmartebiT, arc erTi maTgani ar

monawileobda Tavdasxmis organi-

zebaSi.

braldebis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi,

kadirbaevsa da taJaiakovs 5-wlia-

ni patimroba da 250 aTasi dolari

jarima eliT, filipsons ki 8 wliT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa emuqreba.

bostonis maraTonis dros afeTqe-

bisas sami adamiani gardaicvala,

asobiT adamiani ki daSavda. teraqtis

organizebis braldebiT 19 wlis

joxar carnaevi da misi Zma tamerlan

carnaevi daakaves. tamerlan carna-

evi ayvanis dros policiam mZimed

daWra, ris Sedegadac saavadmyofoSi

gardaicvala.

somaliSi SimSiliT 260 000

adamiani gardaicvala

2010-2012 wlebSi somaliSi SimSi-

liT 260 000 adamiani gardaicvala.

maTi umetesoba bavSvi da qalia.

gaeros gancxadebiT aTasobiT ada-

mianis sikvdilis Tavidan acileba

SesaZlebeli iyo, Tu saerTaSo-

riso organizaciebi droulad

aRmoaCendnen somaliSi SimSilis

safrTxes.

somalis im nawilSi, romelsac mi-

litaristi islamistebi akontrole-

ben, SimSilobis dawyeba gaerom 2011

wlis ivlisSi gamoacxada. SimSiloba

TandaTan mTel somaliSi gavrcelda.

2012 wels gaerom mTel somaliSi Si-

mSilobis Sesaxeb gaavrcela infor-

macia.

mTeli mosaxleobis 4.6 da 5 wlamde

asakis bavSvebis 10 procenti gar-

daicvala samxreT da centralur

somaliSi. somaliSi bavSvebSi kvebiTi

deficiti da sikvdilianobis done

kvlav maRali rCeba.

didi britaneTis mTavrobis warmo-

madgenleba ganacxades, rom somalis

estumrebian da SimSilis mizezebis

dadgenas ecdebian, raTa SemdegSi so-

malim msgavsi safrTxeebi aicilos.

`somalis SimSiloba msoflios bolo

dros yvelaze didi saSineleba iyo~,

_ ambobs didi britaneTis mTavrobis

warmomadgeneli.

bolo 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi somaliSi

samoqalaqo omi mimdinareobda.


komentari

Sss proporciulobis zRvars miRma

lina RvinianiZe, adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC)

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier aqciis msvlelobaSi intervencia warmoadgenda

saxelmwifos mxridan moqalaqeTa Sekrebisa da manifestaciis uflebaSi Carevas,

romelic im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu emsaxureboda kanonier mizans, ar SeiZleba

miviCnioT gamarTlebulad, minimum gamoyenebuli Zalis araproporciulobis gamo.

1 maiss mSromelTa uflebebis dacvis sa-erTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT gamar-Tuli manifestacia, romelsac organize-bas „laboratoria 1918“ uwevda, policiis TanamSromlebsa da aqciis monawileTa So-ris dapirispirebaSi gadaizarda. policiam msvlelobis aTeulobiT monawile daakava, dakavebulTa Soris iyvnen Jurnalistebic, romlebic adgilze samsaxurebriv saqmia-nobas axorcielebdnen. darCenil manifes-tantebs ar miecaT manifestaciis marSru-tis Sesabamisad gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba da mogvianebiT maT sxva mimarTulebiT ga-agrZeles msvleloba.

saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac Sinagan saqme-Ta saministro Caeria manifestaciis ufle-bis ganxorcielebaSi. am SemTxvevis pre-cedentuli mniSvneloba gvavaldebulebs kidec saTanadod SevafasoT saxelmwifos qmedebebi da am qmedebebis ganmartebebi, romelic dRes xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stos warmomadgenlebis mier vrcelde-boda. saxelmwifos guSindeli qmedeba da misi Sefasebebi SeiZleba iyos indikatori imisa, Tu rogor xedavs axali xelisufle-ba adamianis uflebebis mniSvnelobas da sakuTar rols maTi uzrunvelyofisas. am gaazrebisas aranakleb mniSvnelovania am procesSi sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis roli, iyo Tu ara is kritikuli an da-eWvebuli aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis moqmedebebSi, gansakuTrebiT im pirobebSi, rodesac policiis qmedebebma bunebrivad

gaaCina kiTxvis niSanebi adamianis uflebe-bis araproporciuli SezRudvis Tvalsa-zrisiT.

Sekrebisa da manifestaciis ufleba aris umTavresi iaraRi moqalaqeebis xelSi sa-jarod da xmamaRla, mSvidobiani formebiT gavlena moaxdinon xelisuflebis mier gan-xorcilebul politikaze, rac bunebrivia, ar iqneba sasurveli mosasmeni an dasanaxi saxelmwifosTvis. Tumca, demokratiuli sazogadoebis funqcionirebisaTvis gamo-xatvis am formis arseboba da misi rea-lizacia sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania da masSi Carevisas saxelmwifo gansakuTrebu-li sifrTxiliT unda moqmedebdes.

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros oficialu-ri gancxadeba da gavrcelebuli ministris Sefasebebi, policiis mxridan manifesta-ciis uflebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis or safuZvelze miuTiTebs. pirveli, Se-ezRudaT manifestantTa mier gzis saval nawilze msvleloba, rac saministros Se-fasebiT ukanono qmedebas warmoadgenda da meore, policias aRekveTa sazogadoe-brivi wesrigis darRvevis SemTxvevebi, rac maTive ganmartebiT, aqciis monawileTa destruqciulma da agresiulma qmedebebma gamoiwvia.

faqtia, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier aqciis msvlelobaSi intervencia warmoad-genda saxelmwifos mxridan moqalaqeTa Sekrebisa da manifestaciis uflebaSi Ca-revas, romelic im SemTxvevaSic ki Tu em-saxureboda kanonier mizans, ar SeiZleba


komentari

miviCnioT gamarTlebulad, minimum gamoye-nebuli Zalis araproporciulobis gamo. media saSualebebis mier gavrclebul ka-drebSi ar Cans dapirispirebis dawyebis momenti da im pirTa qmedebebi, romelic policielTa mxridan SesaZloa aRqmuli yofiliyo, rogorc samarTaldarRveva, Tumca, kadrebi asaxavs aqciis monawileTa dakavebis SemTxvevebs, sadac winaaRmde-gobis gaweva rig SemTxvevebSi monawileTa mier policielebTan kamaTiT gamoixate-boda. maSinac ki, Tuki saxelmwifo daa-sabuTebs calkeuli pirebis mxridan des-truqciuli qmedebebis arsebobas da maTi dakavebis aucileblobas, mas gauWirdeba gaamarTlos im pirTa dakavebebi, romle-bic araTu sazogadoebriv wesrigs ar arR-vevdnen, aramed arc ki imyofebodnen gzis saval nawilze.

policielTa mier Zalis arapropor-ciul gamoyenebas aseve adasturebs mani-festantTa dakavebis formebi, romlebsac

Tavad dakavebulebi da aqciis sxva monawi-leebi aRweren. mSvidobiani manifestaciis pirobebSi, policiis mier dakavebul pirTa ricxvic, romelic 25-s aRwevda, SesaZloa metyvelebs imaze, rom saxelmwifos mier dakaveba gamoyenebul iqna ara rogorc ukiduresi saSualeba darRvevis aRsakve-Tad, aramed standartuli midgoma mani-festantTa mimarT. policielebis mxridan Jurnalistebis dakaveba da maTTvis saqmia-nobaSi mizanmimarTuli xelis SeSla, aseve aris is qmedeba, romelzec saministros saTanado reagireba unda moexdina, Tumca ministrma policielTa moqmedeba Seafasa, rogorc „srulebiT adekvaturi.“

policielTa erTjeradi gadacdoma sa-xifaToa uSualod im moqalaqisTvis, ro-melsac is Seexeba, magram manifestaciis uflebis SezRudvis kanonierebaSi Tavda-jerebuli aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba saxifaToa qveynis demokratiuli ganviTa-rebisaTvis.

fo

to g

iorgi

gogu

a

mSromelTa uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT gamarTuli manifestacia, Tbilisi, 1 maisi, 2013


interviu

reJimi bevrad ufro represiuli

gaxda

lev gudkovi da maria lipmani saqarTveloSi hainrih biolis fondis

mowveviT imyofebodnen. `stalinis Tavsatexi~ _ ase hqvia wigns,

romelic karnegis centris proeqtis farglebSi momzadda. maria

lipmani karnegis centris rusuli biuros mkvlevaria, lev gudkovi

ki _ ruseTis erT-erTi yvelaze didi sociologiuri kvleviTi

organizaciis

„levadas centris“ direqtori.

fo

to l

evan

xer

xeul

iZe


interviu

liberali rus mkvlevrebs Ta-namedrove ruseTis problemebis Sesaxeb esaubra.

ra Seicvala ruseTSi mas Semdeg, rac putini mesamed gaxda qveynis prezidenti? Zalian SesamCnevia es cvlilebebi?

maria lipmani: ra Tqma unda, pu-tinis inauguraciis Semdeg reJimi bevrad ufro represiuli gaxda. 2012 wlis 6 maiss saxalxo mitingi policiasTan SetakebebiT da dapa-timrebebiT dasrulda. mitingebi 2011 wlis dekembridan daiwyo da ZiriTadad mSvidobianad midioda, xelisufleba koreqtulad iqceo-da, Tu ar CavTvliT mcire wina-aRmdegobebs aqciebis gamarTvis uflebis aRebis dros. mitingebze aravis scemdnen, aravis iWerdnen. 6 maiss es viTareba dasrulda. daiwyo Setakebebi policiasTan, uamravi momitinge daakaves, nawili gamouSves, magram daaxloebiT 30 adamiani winaswar patimrobaSi rCeba da erTi welia mZime ganaCe-nebis molodinSi varT. es reJimis represiulobisken cvlilebis ara erTaderTi, magram yvelaze cxadi dadasturebaa. rac dro gadis, aseTi cvlilebebi ufro da ufro meti xdeba.

sakanomdeblo cvlilebebic aCvenebs, rom xelisufleba ufro da ufro avtoritaruli xdeba _ kanonebi, romlebic am bolo dros miiRes _ arasamTavrobo organiza-ciebis Sesaxeb, bavSvebis amerikaSi gaSvilebis Sesaxeb, homoseqsualo-bis propagandis akrZalvis Sesaxeb, _ swored amaze mianiSnebs. rogori damokidebuleba aqvs ruseTis mosa-xleobas sakanonmdeblo cvlilebe-bTan?

lev gudkovi: am mimarTulebiT sazogadoebriv azrs mudmivad vikvlevT. es kanonebi mosaxleobis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc mcdeloba

es yvelaze didi kampaniaa

arasamTavrobo seqtoris

winaaRmdeg. ukanasknel

wlebSi sxvadasxva kampaniebi

iyo aqtivistebis winaaRmdeg,

momitingeebis winaaRmdeg,

iRebdnen kanonebs,

magram aseTi masobrivi

zewola arasamTavrobo

organizaciebze aqamde

arasdros yofila. Semowmeba

midis 50 regionis 200-

ze met arasamTavrobo

organizaciaSi.

piri amoukeron opozicias. Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom didi qalaqebisa da regionebis mosax-leobis informirebulobis done Zalian gansxvavebulia da pirda-pir kavSirSia imasTan, Tu ra saxis informacias iRebs mosaxleoba presidan da upirveles yovlisa, televiziidan. rusuli provinciis soflebisa da patara qalaqebis mcxovreblebs _ es ki mTeli mosa-

xleobis daaxloebiT ori mesamedia _ xeli ar miuwvdeba im informa-ciaze, romelsac didi qalaqebis mosaxleoba iRebs. amitomac did qalaqebSi gamokveTilad negatiuri damokidebulebaa axali kanonebis mimarT. provinciaSi ki ufro metad informaciis oficialur wyaroebs eyrdnobian da ZiriTadad miesal-mebian kanons cenzuris Sesaxeb, kanons ciliswamebis Sesaxeb... rac

Seexeba, „antimagnitskis“kanons (ase uwodeben kanons, romelic ruseTis dumam e.w. magnitskis siis sapasu-xod miiRo da aSS-Si ruseTidan bavSvebis gaSvilebas krZalavs), aq cota gansxvavebuli viTarebaa. ramdenadac ucnauri ar unda iyos, ruseTis mosaxleobis did nawils moswons is, rom aSS rus korum-pirebul Cinovnikebs akrZalvebs uwesebs.

maria lipmani: rac Seexeba an-timagnitskis kanons, xelisufle-bis ritorika aseTi iyo _ modiT, avkrZaloT amerikaSi Cveni bavS-vebis gayidvao. SeuZlebelia aseT formulirebas mxari ar dauWiro _ cxadia, aravis unda bavSvebi sadme gayidon. meore Tezisi, ro-melzedac mudmivad aqcents svams xelisuflebis mxardamWeri tele--media, aseTia: _ Cvens bavSvebs amerikaSi klaven. is ramdenime tragikuli SemTxveva, roca ruse-Tidan gaSvilebuli bavSvebi ame-rikaSi daiRupnen, televiziis mier vrceldeba da gadmoicema ise, rom mosaxleobas STabeWdileba eqmneba _ nebismieri bavSvi, romelic ame-rikaSia gaSvilebuli, sasikvdilo safrTxis winaSe dgas. meore mxriv, oficialur telearxebze ar Cans, ra mdgomareobaSi arian miusafari bavSvebi ruseTis bavSvTa saxlebSi, miT umetes, telearxebze ar Canan avadmyofi baSvebi, romelebsac, Tuki mZime fizikuri an fsiqikuri darRveva aqvT, ruseTSi sikvdili eliT. roca aseT informacias iRe-ben, bunebrivia, adamianebi mxars uWeren xelisuflebas.

sxva damokidebuleba aqvT imaT, visac xeli miuwvdeba informacia-ze, aseTi informacia internetSi didi raodenobiTaa _ erTi mxriv, imis Sesaxeb, ra xdeba ruseTis bavSvTa saxlebSi da meore mxriv _ bevria im axalgazrdebis war-matebuli istoriebi, romlebic ruseTidan gaaSviles da amerikaSi gaizardnen.


interviu

amerikaSi bavSvebis gaSvilebis akrZalvas ewinaaRmdegeba umci-resoba, isic _ didi qalaqebis mcxovrebTa umciresoba…

iseTi telearxebi, rogorica RTVI da „doJdi“, ruseTis provinciebSi miuwvdomelia?

maria lipmani: RTVI -is ruseTis mosaxleoba TiTqmis ar uyurebs. es televizia, ZiriTadad, rusi emigrantebisTvisaa _ uyureben amerikaSi, israelSi, germaniaSi, ma-gram ara _ ruseTSi. „doJds“ ufro da ufro meti mayurebeli hyavs, Tumca is sakabelo an internet te-leviziaa da misi auditoria mainc SezRudulia. magram Tuki Tqven moskovel liberalurad ganwyo-bil axalgazrdebTan moxvdebiT, da swored isini monawileobdnen saprotesto aqciebSi, mudmivad moismenT saubrebs imaze, rasac „doJdSi“ uyureben.

lev gudkovi: es mainc mcire au-ditoriaa, Tumca ruseTSi sakabelo televiziis mayurebelTa raode-noba 7%-dan gaizarda 10-12%-mde. aseve, kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom televizia informaciis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da gavleniani gama-vrcelebelia.

isic minda vTqva _ moskovi Zalian gansxvavdeba danarCeni ru-seTisgan _ garemoc, infrastru-qturac, adamianebic. sakmarisia gi-TxraT, rom moskovSi dasaqmebulTa naxevarze mets umaRlesi ganaTleba aqvs, maSin, roca mTel qveyanSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqoneTa rao-denoba mxolod 24%-ia.

ruseTSi aseve SezRudvebi dauwe-ses arasamTavrobo seqtors. es mxo-lod im organizaciebs exeba, romle-bic adamianis uflebebze muSaobs Tu sxvebsac?

maria lipmani: antimagnitskis kanonis Semadgeneli nawilia im organizaciebis muSaobis akrZalva, romlebic amerikidan finansdeba.

kanonis es nawili jerjerobiT ar amoqmedebula. jer saubaria kanon-ze „ucxoeli agentebis Sesaxeb~. es sxva kanonia, romelic moiTxovs, rom organizaciebma, romlebic sa-erTaSoriso fondebis mier finans-deba da politikur moRvaweobas ewevian, ucxoeli agentis wodeba aiRon. moskovSi am kanons „yviTeli varskvlavis kanons“ uwodeben. is SarSan miiRes da 2013 wlis mar-tamde ar amuSavebula. martidan sxvadasxva organoebis mier, proku-raturidan dawyebuli sanitaruli samsaxuriT damTavrebuli, arasa-mTavrobo organizaciebis masobri-vi Semowmebebis kampania daiwyo. am Semowmebebis mizezs prezidenti putini da prokuraturis Cinovni-kebi sxvadasxvanairad xsnian. ma-gram xelisuflebis mizani naTelia _ ucxoeli agentebis gamovlena da maTi dasja.

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi isev muSaoben ruseTSi?

lev gudkovi: USAID-i ruseTidan wavida, swori iqneba Tu vityviT, gaagdes. maTi programebi SeCere-bulia, ofisebi daketilia. USAID-i aramxolod arasamTavrobo or-ganizaciebs afinansebda, aramed, xelisuflebasac exmareboda _ „edinaia“ rosias“ da, magaliTad, moZraoba `naSis~. Tumca, ruseTis xelisuflebam am yvelafers xazi mainc gadausva.

maria lipmani: amas garda ruseT-Si muSaoba Sewyvita saerTaSoriso respublikurma institutma (IRI) da nacionalur-demokratiulma ins-titutma (NDI). amerikis respubli-kuri partiis es ori organizacia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi demokratiis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. aRsa-niSnavia, rom USAID afinansebda bevr sxvadasxva samedicino da socialur proeqts _ rogori-caa, magaliTad, tuberkulozis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZola. bevri organizacia, romelic ukve

TiTqmis ori aTwleulia arsebo-bs, Zalian mZime dReSi aRmoCnda. jerjerobiT raRac proeqtebi isev grZeldeba, magram sruliad gaurkvevelia, momavalSi rogor SeZleben muSaobas.

akrZalva mxolod amerikul orga-nizaciebs exeba Tu evropulebsac?

maria lipmani: formalurad evropuli organizaciebisTvis ruseTSi muSaoba ar aukrZalavT. magram dRevandeli Semowmebebis kampania evropul fondebsac Seexo, maT Soris, germanul fondebsac, romlebic saparlamento partie-bTan muSaoben. Zalian ucnauria, rom prokuratura amowmebs im politikur partiebs, romlebic Zalian loialurebi arian puti-nis xelisuflebis mimarT. amave Semowmebebis talRaSi moyva iseTi organizaciac, rogoriaa `frangu-li aliansi~, romelic franguli enisa da kulturis propagandas eweva. amowmeben imaTac, romlebsac politikur moRvaweobasTan aranai-ri Sexeba ar aqvT.

lev gudkovi: Tanac, rusu-li kanonmdebloba aranairad ar ganmartavs, ra aris politikuri moRvaweoba, amitomac aq Seu-ZliaT igulisxmon yvelaferi, rac gauxardebaT. miT umetes, Tuki sazogadoebriv azrze zegavlenasac miaTvlian, SeuZliaT devna nebis-mieri sababiT daiwyon.

maria lipmani: es yvelaze didi kampaniaa arasamTavrobo seqtoris winaaRmdeg. ukanasknel wlebSi sxva-dasxva kampaniebi iyo aqtivistebis winaaRmdeg, momitingeebis winaaRm-deg, iRebdnen kanonebs, magram aseTi masobrivi zewola arasamTavrobo organizaciebze aqamde arasdros yofila. Semowmeba midis 50 regionis 200-ze met arasamTavrobo organiza-ciaSi. Tumca, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom gacilebiT met organizacias amowmeben, imitom, rom yvela ar asa-jaroebs am Semowmebis faqts.


interviu

Tuki es kampania gagrZelda, rogor xedavT, ra elis ruseTSi arasamTavrobo seqtors?

axla seqtorze ki ara, im konkre-tul adamianebze ufro vfiqrobT, romlebic ganaCens dRe-dReze elian. bevri maTgani ukve Tveebia winaswari dakavebis izolatorSia _ upirvelesad, 6 maisis patimrebs vgulisxmob. ramdenime adamiani am dReebSic daakaves. swored axla midis dapatimrebebis axali talRa.

unda visaubroT sergei udal-covze da aleqsei navalnize. udalcovi SinapatimrobaSia da myari safuZveli gvaqvs viva-raudoT, rom miiRebs sapatimro sasjels, 6 maisis saqme ise midis, rom albaT udalcovs dasdeben brals am aqciis organizebaSi. aleqsei navalnis sasamarTlo elis da vfiqrobT, xelisuflebam `keTili neba~ rom gamoiCinos da arasapatimro sasjeli Seufar-dos, mainc politikuri procese-bis miRma darCeba da aRar eqneba ufleba, sadme iyaros kenWi. Tum-ca ufro metad veliT, rom masac patimrobas Seufardeben.

lev gudkovi: „edinaia rosia“ albaT veRar Camoirecxavs im saxels, romelic mas aleqsei navalnim uwoda _ `TaRliTebisa da qurdebis partia~. moxaliseebi deputatebis qonebas dasavleT-Si eZeben, monacemebs internetSi aqveyneben. putinis xelisufle-bis korumpirebuloba ukve iseTi faqtia, razec aravin davobs. rodesac mosaxleobas vekiTxebiT, iziareben Tu ara mosazrebas, rom „edinnaia rosia“ TaRliTebisa da qurdebis partiaa, 40%-ze meti dadebiTad gvpasuxobs.

maria lipmani: sainteresoa isic, rom aleqsei navalnim es fraza: `TaRliTebisa da qurdebis par-tia~ ori wlis win erT-erT radio gadacemaSi Tqva da is egreve aita-ca xalxma. es xdeba im dros, roca navalnis saxelisufleblo arxebze

farTo auditoriis winaSe gamos-vlis SesaZlebloba ar aqvs.

lev gudkovi: am lozungTan xal-xis damokidebulebaSi xelisufle-bis mimarT Cumi siZulvili Cans. sxvaTa Soris, im adamianebis ricxvi gacilebiT ufro metia, vidre maTi raodenoba, vinc icis, vin aris aleqsei navalni. misTvis telesivr-ce daketilia.

axla ruseTSi masobrivi sapro-testo aqciebi aRar imarTeba. gaqra is saprotesto muxti, romelic SarSan iyo?

maria lipmani: adamianebis daSineba iolia. Tavidan mxiaruli, xalxmra-vali mitingebi iyo, Semdeg erT-erTi mitingi dapatimrebebiT dasrulda da axla adamianebs gareT gamosvlis eSiniaT. Tumca, mainc ver vityvi, rom aman saprotesto muxti CaaxSo. ase namdvilad ar aris. sazogadoebis garkveul nawilSi reJimis miuRe-bloba da siZulvili izrdeba. uk-mayofileba dRes quCis aqciebze ar Cans, magram is arsebobs da ufskru-li sazogadoebis erT nawilsa da xelisuflebas Soris izrdeba. es

kargad Cans internetSi _ aqtivis-tebi eZeben Cinovnikebis gadamalul qonebas da amis Sesaxeb blogebze weren, aseve Zalian aqtiurad midis moparuli disertaciebis gamovlenis kampania. axalgazrdebi, da aramxo-lod akademiuri sferodan, gata-cebiT muSaoben am mimarTulebiT da internetSi Cndeba axal-axali cnobebi Cinovnikebis moparuli di-sertaciebis Sesaxeb. aseTma piradma iniciativebma imata. amas garda, orma axalgazrdam gaakeTa saiti, sadac rukazea datanili yvela is adgili, sadac aqcia an piketi vinmes dakavebiT dasrulda. marTalia, dRes ruseTSi masobrivi mitingebi ar tardeba, magram mcire piketebi da aqciebi ara mxolod moskovSi, aramed mTel ruseTSi ewyoba. xeli-sufleba Zalian mkacrad moqmedebs _ mopiketeebs iWeren. Zalian pro-fesiulad da lamazad gakeTebuli saitia, sadac TvalnaTliv Cans, Tu rogor izrdeba represiebis ricxvi.

ramdenad mniSvnelovan rols Ta-maSobs marTlmadidebluri eklesia ruseTis cxovrebaSi?

lev gudkovi: es Zalian sain-tereso sakiTxia. maSin, rode-sac levadas centrma kvlevebis Catareba daiwyo, 80-iani wlebis bolos, ruseTis mosaxleobis mxolod 16% Tvlida Tavs morw-muned. axla es ricxvi 77%-ia. aq, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva religiis mimdevrebi igulisxmebian. rac See-xeba marTlmadideblobas, am bolo dros midis kampania (eklesiisa da nacionalistebis mier) rom swo-red marTlmadideblobaa rusobis ganmsazRvreli. amis paralelu-rad ruseTSi moqalaqeebi aranair sulier, religiur refleqsiebs ar avlenen. Tumca, imas, rom marTl-madidebloba da rusoba erTi da igivea, gamokiTxuli mosaxleobis umravlesoba eTanxmeba. amave dros eklesiis aqtiuri mrevli ruse-Tis mTeli mosaxleobis 4%-7%-s

putini erTi wuTiTac ar

uSvebs, rom patriarqi, an

vinme, vinc ar unda iyos,

miuaxlovdes mis reitings da

popularobas. kremli imasac

akontrolebs, rom eklesiis

reitingi xelisuflebas

waadges, magram eklesiis

avtonomiuri Zalaufleba ar

ganamtkicos.

1313liberali . maisi 2013 . № 135

interviu

romelsac revoluciamdeli qoneba ubrundeba, ar aris konkurentul pirobebSi sxva konfesiebTan, flo-bs didi raodenobiT uZrav qone-bas, SeuZlia saeklesio skolebis gaxsna, da a.S.

eklesia Sedis sajaro skolebSi?maria lipmani: jerjerobiT vera,

magram am mimarTulebiTac muSa-

oben. amas garda eklesias surs kanonmdeblobiT gaimyaros sakuTa-ri statusi da moraluri avtori-teti. magaliTad, axla parlamenti ganixilavs kanons `morwmuneTa gr-Znobebis Seuracxyofis akrZalvis Sesaxeb“, romelic pirveli mosme-niT ukve gasulia parlamentSi.

lev gudkovi: patriarqis rei-tingi ar aris maRali da TandaTan ecema. maqsimalur zRvars, 7%-s ki-rilis popularobam „pusi raiotis“ procesis dros miaRwia. axla isev daeca 5%-mde. am dros putins amave gamokiTxvis mixedviT 36% aqvs, mere didi vardnaa, meorea _ Saigu, mesame _ medvedevi.

aRsaniSnavia erTi movlenac _ ruseTis provinciebSi sakmaod izr-deba sxvadasxva protestantuli

jgufebisa da seqtebis gavlena, zogan ise, rom marTlmadideblur eklesiasac ki uwevs konkurencias. aseT jgufebs, rogorc wesi, ebr-Zvian. maTi popularoba garkveu-lwilad ganpirobebulia imiT, rom isini socialur qvelmoqmedebas ewevian.

aris Tu ara qsenofobia dRes pro-blema ruseTisTvis? ukve ramdenime welia eTnikur niadagze mkvlelo-bebi naklebad xdeba, Tumca, rode-sac rusul saitebs vkiTxulobT, Cans, rom qsenofobia, gansakuTre-biT, antisemitizmi, Zalian Zlieria rusul sazogadoebaSi…

lev gudkovi: isev kvlevebs mivyveT. faqtia, rom 80-iane-bis bolos ruseTSi qsenofobiis bevrad ufro dabali maCvenebeli iyo, vidre danarCen sabWoTa repu-blikebSi. 90-ianebis Sua wlebidan, krizisis fonze daiwyo rusu-li nacionalizmis zrda da piks miaRwia 2004-05 wlebSi da Semdeg imave niSnulze darCa. dRevande-li kvlevebis mixedviT ruseTSi qsenofobia orjer ufro maRalia, vidre saSualod evropaSi.

eTnikur niadagze Cadenili mkv-lelobebis ricxvi Semcirda, rad-gan, ramdenadac ucnauri ar unda iyos, putinis xelisuflebam am mi-marTulebiT Zalian mkacri zomebi gaatara _ Seicvala kanonmdebloba, kanonis aRsrulebis praqtika, ra-mdenime gaxmaurebul mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilebi umkacresad dasajes.

rac Seexeba antisemitizms, ruseT-Si Zalian cota ebraeli darCa _ wina aRweris mixedviT, 230 00 adamiani, romelebic ZiriTadad 4 did qala-qSi arian Tavmoyrilni, ruseTis provinciebis mcxovreblebs cocxa-li ebraeli TvaliTac ar unaxavT. Tumca, antisemitizmi darCa, ro-gorc nebismieri saxis qsenofobiis paradigma da nebismieri eTnikuri miuRebloba swored am paradigmaze ewyoba. esaa siZulvilis enis ru-

Seadgens. Tanac, maTi didi nawili mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ori ritualiT kmayofildeba _ naTlo-biTa da wesis agebiT da eklesiaSi weliwadSi orjer _ Sobasa da aRdgomas midis.

ruseTis patriarqma kirilma sakuTar Tavze aiRo misia, xelisu-flebas kidev ufro gaumyaros le-gitimacia. patriarqis formulire-bis mixedviT eklesia bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani institutia, vidre saxelmwifo. sasuliero pirebs araerTxel aRuniSnavT, rom rusul civilizacias eklesia inaxavs da ara _ saxelmwifo. patriarqi ki-rilis TqmiT ki, putinis gamoCena RvTis mier movlenili saswaulia.

patriarqi kirili popularobiT sargeblobs ruseTSi? saqarTveloSi ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze yve-laze maRali reitingi kaTalikos--patriarqs, ilia meores aqvs...

maria lipmani: ruseTSi saqar-Tvelosgan Zalian gansaxvavebuli situaciaa. TqvenTan xelisufle-ba arCevnebiT Seicvala. CvenSi ualternativobis da xelisufle-bis Seucvlelobis gancda Zalian Rrmadaa gamjdari. putini ukve 10 welze metia, marTavs da sava-raudod, kidev 12 wels darCeba xelisuflebaSi. ar viciT, sinamd-vileSi ra moxdeba, magram puti-ni erTi wuTiTac ar uSvebs, rom patriarqi, an vinme, vinc ar unda iyos, miuaxlovdes mis reitings da popularobas. kremli imasac akon-trolebs, rom eklesiis reitin-gi xelisuflebas waadges, magram eklesiam avtonomiuri Zalaufleba ar ganimtkicos. aseve zrunavs ima-zec, rom eklesias damoukideblad maRali avtoriteti ar hqondes. saukuneebiT gamyarebuli rusu-li tradiciis mixedviT eklesia emsaxureba xelisuflebas da misgan Zvirfas saCuqrebs iRebs. eklesia ruseTSi erTaderTi institutia,

imas, rom

marTlmadidebloba da

rusoba erTi da igivea,

gamokiTxuli mosaxleobis

umravlesoba eTanxmeba.

amave dros eklesiis aqtiuri

mrevli ruseTis mTeli

mosaxleobis 4%-7%-s

Seadgens.


suli struqtura, romelic inter-netSi gansakuTrebiT mZafrad Cans. qsenofobiis maCvenebeli didwilad xelisuflebis politikazea da-mokidebuli. rodesac xelisufleba provocirebas ukeTebs qsenofobias, maSinve maRla iwevs niSnuli, roca xelisuflebis mxridan qsenofobiu-ri propaganda sustdeba, mosaxle-obaSic naklebad mZafrad igrZnoba qsenofobiuri ganwyobebi. Tanac obieqtic icvleba _ Tuki 5-10 wlis win siZulvils ZiriTadad kavkasie-lebis mimarT gamoxatavdnen, dRes mTavari obieqtebi ruseTSi samuSa-od Camosuli Suaazielebi, SromiTi migrantebi arian. rusuli mediiT drodadro mainc midis propaganda, rom migrantTa Soris bevri krimi-nalia, arada, statistikis mixedviT adgilobrivebs Soris gacilebiT metia damnaSave.

maria lipmani: antisemitizmi ase vTqvaT, simboluri datvirTvi-saa, magram adamianebi, romlebic sxvanairad gamoiyurebian, ruseTSi marTla arian safrTxis qveS. es ra-sobrivi SuRlia da ara ubralod, qsenofobia. esaa rasizmis rusuli gamovlineba.

sainteresoa isic, rom bolo dros putini ufro da ufro xSi-rad saubrobs imaze, rom ruseTi ar SeiZleba iyos mxolod rusebis saxelmwifo, rom es ruseTis dasas-ruli iqneboda. vfiqrob, amgvari ritorika rusul sazogadoebaSi dagrovili qsenofobiuri energiis SiSiTaa gamowveuli. am energiam rom gadmoxeTqos, Zaladoba pirda-pir quCebSi daiwyeba. es erTader-Tia, risTvisac madloba SeiZleba vuTxraT putins. magram saqme is gaxlavT, rom putinis xelisu-flebas nebismieri energiis eSinia, iqneba es liberaluri Tu naciona-listuri protesti. antiamerikuli kampaniis erT-erTi mizani isi-caa, rom erTmaneTTan TanxmobaSi moiyvanos eTnikuri qsenofobia da saxelmwifo nacionalizmi.

qsenofobiis mizezTa Soris ar gvixsenebia ori CeCnuri omi, Seu-wynareblobis gamomwvevi umniSvne-lovanesi movlena. milionma rusma axalgazrdam gamoiara da naxa es omi, naxa mteri sakuTar Tanamoqa-laqeTa Soris da amas ukvalod ar Cauvlia. ukve eqvsi welia, 4 noem-bers moskovSi imarTeba e.w. `rusu-li marSi~, erT-erTi samarcxvino movlena ukanaskneli wlebis ruse-

Tis istoriaSi. yvelaze mravalri-cxovani „rusuli marSi“ 2012 wels iyo _ 15 000 adamianma miiRo mo-nawileoba. putinis xelisuflebam SemoiRo dResaswauli, 4 noemberi, magram mas aranairi narativi ar ga-aCnia _ ar viciT, ras vzeimobT. es lakuna (?) maSinve Seivso rusuli SovinizmiT, sadac ukeTes SemTxve-vaSi aseTi lozungebiT modian _ `ruseTi rusebisTvis~, „moskovi moskovelebisTvis~ da uares Se-mTxvevaSi… verc gavimeoreb imas, rac maT plakatebze uweriaT…

lev gudkovi: aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom rusul qseno-fobias gareSe mtris faqtoric kvebavs. Cven ukve visaubreT an-tiamerikanizmze, romelic mud-mivad arsebobs, axlo mezoblebi ki icvlebian _ ufro xSirad es baltiispireTis qveynebia, raRac

dros _ poloneTi, bolo dros _ saqarTvelo.

ramdenad ainteresebs rusul sa-zogadoebas, ra xdeba saqarTveloSi? rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyo rusu-li liberaluri presa saakaSvilis xelisuflebis mxares?

lev gudkovi: ruseTSi Zalian cudad ician, ra xdeba saqarTve-loSi. saxelwifo presa ZiriTadad, uaryofiT konteqstSi aSuqebda saqarTvelos, internetSi da li-beralur mediaSic Zalian mwiria informacia saqarTveloSi mimdina-re movlenebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTveloSi samarTliani ar-Cevnebi Catarda, Cven amas vafase-bT. rac ar unda iyos, saakaSvils dasavluri kursi hqonda, es rusi liberalebisTvis Zalian mniSv-nelovania, isini, im fonze, rom Zalian cota ram icodnen saakaSvi-lis mmarTvelobis stilis Sesa-xeb, mxars uWerdnen mis dasavlur kurss.

sainteresoa erTi faqtic _ saakaSvilis partiis arCevnebSi damarcxebis Semdeg nacionalur telearxebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb negatiuri kampania Sewyda da es maSinve aisaxa sazogadoebriv azrze _ rusebi saqarTvelos axla bevrad ufro pozitiurad afaseben, vidre ramdenime Tvis win.

maria lipmani: putinis piradi mteri, is, visi Camogdebac mas 2008 wels undoda, arCevnebSi damar-cxda. rusi liberalebi am faqts aRiqvamen, rogorc putinis gamar-jvebas. TiTqos saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebi imasac hgavs, rac ukrainaSi ori wlis win moxda. rus liberalebs Zalian ar undaT, rom saqarTvelom dasavluri kursi prorusulze gacvalos. Tqveni axali premieri ki jerjerobiT amoucnobia.

esaubra nino beqiSviliinterviu Cawerilia 11 aprils

interviu

Tuki 5-10 wlis win

siZulvils ZiriTadad

kavkasielebis mimarT

gamoxatavdnen, dRes misi

mTavari obieqtebi ruseTSi

samuSaod Camosuli

Suaazielebi, SromiTi

migrantebi arian.


regioni

iqca Tu ara CrdiloeT kavkasia msoflio problemad?

valeri Zucevi

bostonis teraqtis gamoZiebis Sedegebma uaxloes momavalSi SesaZloa

mniSvnelovnad Secvalos amerikul-rusuli urTierTobebi kavkasiis WrilSi.

am kiTxvas pasuxi imis mixedviT gaecema, Tu rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi ara mxolod CrdiloeT, aramed samxreT kavkasiaSic, aseve, mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor saxes miiRebs ur-TierToba msoflio zesaxelmwifoebs Soris.

bostonis teraqtis Semdeg CrdiloeT ka-vkasia moulodnelad msoflio masmediis yu-radRebis centrSi moeqca. soWis olimpiadis moaxloeba, bostonis ucnauri teraqti Ta-visTavad gamoiwvevs imas, rom aSS-s zogadad kavkasiisTvis meti yuradRebis daTmoba mou-xdeba. rogorc Cans, aseve gaizrdeba regio-nis prioritetuloba ruseTisTvisac.

2013 wlis martsa da aprilSi met-naklebad mSvid CrdiloeT oseTsac ki gadaurbina kon-trteroristul operaciaTa talRam. respu-blikis ramdenime raionSi, yvelaze samxreTiT mdebare, prigorodnidan dawyebuli, yvelaze CrdiloeT raioniT, mozdokiT damTavrebu-li, sagangebo reJimi araerTgan gamocxadda. safiqrebelia, rom CrdiloeT oseTis xeli-suflebam es operaciebi profilaqtikisTvis, 2014 wlis soWis olimpiadisaTvis mzadebis farglebSi Caatara. sasazRvro kontrolis sagrZnobi gamkacrebiT aRiniSna es periodi samxreT oseTSi, sasazRvro zoli gansaku-Trebuli damcavi saSualebebiT gamyarda.

jer ar Cans, gamarTldeba Tu ara am dRe-ebSi wamoyenebuli konspirologiuri Teo-riebi, magram bostonis teraqtis Semdeg ara mxolod aSS-s, aramed zogadad dasavleTs, kavkasiaze ufro metad mouwevs koncentri-reba. vinc ar unda idges am teraqtis ukan, rusuli specsamsaxurebi Tu doku umarovis kavkasiis emirati, Tundac aRmoCndes, rom Zmebi carnaevebi daRestneli boevikebis“ br-Zolam STaagona, erTi ram mainc cxadia: Cau-mcxrali omi CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi erT-erT saerTaSoriso problemad iqca.

ruseTis winaSe mdgari dilema imaSi mdgo-

mareobs, rom mas CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi saer-TaSoriso Zalebis SeSveba ar surs, magram, amave dros, terorizmis muqaris gavrcele-bas Tavad ver umklavdeba da amis gamo ru-seTi faqtobrivad ukve Tavad iqca saerTa-Soriso problemad _ imisgan damoukideblad, iTamaSes Tu ara rusulma specsamsaxurebma raime roli bostonis teraqtis mzadebaSi.

premierma ivaniSvilma kavkasiis mimarT aSS--s veqtoris Secvla igrZno da am cvlile-bis mis sasargeblod gamoyeneba iCqara, roca saqarTvelos wina xelisufleba Crdiloka-vkasieli `boevikebis“ mfarvelobaSi daadana-Saula, Tumca ki naTqvamTan erTad dasZina, viTarebaSi gamoZieba gagvarkvevso.

amasTan, bostonis teraqtis gamoZiebis Se-degebma uaxloes momavalSi SesaZloa mniSv-nelovnad Secvalos amerikul-rusuli ur-TierTobebi kavkasiis WrilSi. jerjerobiT Znelia Tqma, ra niSniT SeiZleba moxdes es cvlileba, magram negatiuri trendi ufro savaraudoa, radgan ruseTi amerikaSi da-wyebul gamoZiebas sakmaris daxmarebas ar gauwevs, da amave dros dabrkolebebs Seuqm-nis aSS-s seriozul monawileobas CrdiloeT kavkasiis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi. aman SeiZ-leba gaamZafros ruseTsa da aSS-s Soris ka-vkasiisTvis metoqeoba. rasakvirvelia, am or qveyanas Soris urTierTobis naklebad mosa-lodneli, pozitiuri ganviTarebis scenaric SesaZlebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda velo-doT, rom soWis 2014 wlis zamTris olimpia-disTvis mzadeba ormxrivi, gafarToebuli TanamSromlobiT gagrZeldeba. asea Tu ise, kavkasiisaTvis mTlianobaSi es misi mtkivneu-li problemebis `revizias~ da garkveul `Se-janjRarebas“ moaswavebs, romelTac SeiZle-ba naklebprognozirebadi Sedegebi mohyves.

am problemebs Zalian konkretuli poli-tikuri ganzomilebac gaaCnia. Tu aSS-Si sul

premierma ivaniSvilma

kavkasiis mimarT aSS-s

veqtoris Secvla igrZno

da am cvlilebis mis

sasargeblod gamoyeneba

iCqara, roca saqarTve-

los wina xelisufleba

Crdilokavkasieli ,,bo-

evikebis“ mfarvelobaSi

daadanaSaula, Tumca ki

naTqvamTan erTad dasZi-

na, viTarebaSi gamoZieba

gagvarkvevso.


regioni

statia momzadebulia hainrih biolis fondis mxardaWeriT. am publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi da mosazrebebi ar aris aucilebeli, gamoxatavdes hainrih biolis fondis Sexedulebebs.

ramdenime aseuli eTnikuri CeCeni cxovro-bs, evrokavSiris qveynebSi sul mcire 100 000 CeCeni mosaxlea. amaTgan daaxloebiT naxevari regularulad Cadis ruseTSi. Tu CrdiloeT kavkasia da ruseTi seriozul sa-erTaSoriso safrTxes warmoadgens, razec, winaswari monacemebiT, bostonis teraqti miuTiTebs, maSin ukanaskneli movlenebi da maTi Sedegebi evropisTvis ufro SemaSfoTe-beli unda iyos, vidre aSS-sTvis. maSasadame, CrdiloeT kavkasiis Cixuri situaciis gada-saWrelad mTel dasavleTis samyaros hqonia gadakveTis wertilebi.

am dros viTareba regionSi kvlav garTu-lebulia. jer is ar kmaroda, rom `boevike-bTan“ da ruseTis specsamsaxurebTan dakav-Sirebuli Zaladoba ara da ar wydeba, axla miwebis sakiTxic gamwvavda, warmoiSva teri-toriuli kamaTi CeCneTsa da inguSeTs Soris. 2012 wlis dekembridan moulodnelad, da sakmao simZafriTac, Tavi iCina stavropolis mxaris rusulma moZraobam, romlis amoca-na CrdiloeT kavkasiis respulikebis faqto-brivi CamoSorebaa rusulenovani stavro-polis mxaridan, anu ruseTidan. cal-calke es problemebi kremlisTvis gansakuTrebul gamowvevad ar aRiqmeboda, magram maTi Tan-xvedris, Tanac regionisadmi msoflio Ta-namegobrobis mzardi interesis pirobebSi,

moskovs seriozuli manevrireba da sakuTari midgomebis sagrZnobi Secvla mouwevs, rom dasavleTTan urTierToba ar daeZabos da CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi situaciaze sakuTari kontroli SeinarCunos. Tu guSin ruseTi sa-mxreTkavkasiur problemebs aregulirebda, axla Cndeba kiTxvebi, ras akeTebs igi Crdi-loeT kavkasiaSi.

jerjerobiT gaugebaria, saxeldobr ro-gor apirebs ruseTi am umZimesi viTarebidan gamosvlas. prezidentma putinma ganacxada, rom axla ruseTi da aSS eqstremizmTan brZo-laSi TanamSromlobas gaaRrmaveben, magram ruseTis samarTaldacviTi sistemis mimarT undobloba TviT ruseTSica da mis sazRvre-bs gareTac imdenad didia, rom es TanamS-romloba metismetad gantotvili iqneba. Zne-li saTqmelia, rogor Seicvleba viTareba CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi uaxloes momavalSi, ma-gram dabejiTebiT SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom seriozuli cvlilebebia kars momdgari.


marTlmsajuleba

helen besti: urTules mdgomareobaSi xarT

zura vardiaSvili

„Suqi ar iyo da Zalian cioda,“ _ ase ixsenebs saqarTveloSi pirvel stumrobas bremenis

saqalaqo sasamarTlos viceprezidenti helen besti. germaneli mosamarTle 2001 wlidan

2004 wlamde saqarTveloSi xSirad Camodioda da specialuri programis farglebSi qarTvel

mosamarTleebs mediasTan urTierTobas aswavlida. mas saqarTvelosTan kavSiri ar Seuwyvetia

da qarTuli sasamarTlo sistemis problemebSi zedmiwevniT erkveva. _ ra iyo umTavresi

problema rac mas saqarTveloSi daxvda? rogor afasebs qarTvel mosamarTleTa axal

gamowvevebs kohabitaciis pirobebSi? ras urCevs saqarTvelos xelisuflebas samarTlianobis

aRdgenis politikis sworad gansaxorcieleblad? - „liberali“ helen bests esaubra.

ra iyo is mTavari problema rac saqar-TveloSi dagxvdaT?

Cemi muSaobis periodi xelisuflebis cvlilebas daemTxva. yvela sferoSi, maT Soris sasamarTlo sistemaSic arastabi-luri viTareba iyo. Zalian bevri sasamar-Tlo erTiandeboda, anu msxvildeboda. yvela mosamarTle momavals SiSiT Sehyu-rebda.

Cemi iusticiis saministroSi yofnis dros TanamSromlebi masobrivad or-jer gaaTavisufles. yvela fiqrobda rom Semdegi TviTon iqneboda. maSin rodesac TiToeuli maTgani axal ide-ebze, reformebze da progresze unda yofiliyo orientirebuli, amisTvis aravis ecala. mimdinareobda brZola gadarCenisTvis.

is axalgazrda adamianebi, romlebic mxars mixeil saakaSvils uWerdnen, ambo-bdnen rom Zveli sistemis mosamarTleebi korumpirebulni iyvnen, da maTi gawmenda iyo saWiro.

Zalian gamiWirdeba TiToeul gaTavisu-flebul mosamarTleze mtkiceba, iyvnen Tu ara isini korumpirebulni, me momiwia

iseT mosamarTleebTan muSaoba, rogoric magaliTad Tamar laliaSvili iyo, is Sesa-niSnavi adamiania, mis korumpirebulobaze saubaric zedmetia. iyvnen sxva keTilsin-disieri mosamarTleebic, romlebic xeli-suflebis cvlilebas Seewirnen.

es iyo sasamarTlos daqvemdebarebis pro-cesis dasawyisi?

jer kidev saqarTveloSi viyavi, rode-sac prokurorebma sasamarTloebSi rekva daiwyes, isini mosamarTleebisagan ama Tu im ganaCenis miRebas iTxovdnen. esaa pe-riodi, rodesac kamerebis TanxlebiT sa-Cvenebeli dapatimrebebi ewyoboda. es iyo daSinebuli mosamarTleebis da TviTdaje-rebuli prokurorebis xana.

ra axali gamowvevebis winaSe dadga qarTu-li sasamarTlo „nacionaluri moZraobis“ xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg?

rogorc CemTvis cnobilia, saqarTve-loSi saqmeebis umetesi nawili saproce-so SeTanxmebiT sruldeba. anu, adamianebi ubralod fuls ixdian. dRes sasamarTlo da zogadad iusticia dgas im umniSvnelo-


biznesis personaluri radio

[email protected]+995 32 2505 955

marTlmsajuleba

jer kidev saqar-

TveloSi viyavi,

rodesac prokuro-

rebma sasamarTlo-

ebSi rekva daiwyes,

isini mosamarTle-

ebisagan ama Tu im

ganaCenis miRebas

iTxovdnen. esaa

periodi, rodesac

kamerebis TanxlebiT

saCvenebeli dapati-

mrebebi ewyoboda.

es iyo daSinebuli

mosamarTleebis da

TviTdajerebuli

prokurorebis xana.

vanesi gamowvevis winaSe, rom daibrunos dakarguli ndoba.

qarTul sasamarTlos gamamtyunebel ga-naCenTa gansakuTrebiT maRali maCveneblis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi umwvavesad akri-tikebdnen. Tqveni azriT, es maCvenebeli aris sasamarTlo damoukideblobis gansa-zRvris indikatori Tu ara?

CvenTan sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis didi nawili Ziebis procesSive wydeba. sasamarTloSi mxolod kargad damuSave-buli, mtkicebulebebiT gajerebuli saq-meebi aRwevs, da gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis albaTobac didia. amasTan Zalian cotaa saapelacio saCivrebis raodenoba. saer-Tod, gamamtyunebel ganaCenTa raode-nobiT sasamarTlos damoukideblobaze msjeloba rTulia.

„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ axa-li kanonproeqtis mixedviT, sasamarTlo darbazebSi foto da video gadaReba da-

saSvebi iqneba, Tumca am iniciativas vene-ciis komisia uaryofiTad afasebs. rogo-ria Tqveni damokidebuleba am sakiTxis mimarT?

sasamarTlo procesi speqtakli ar aris. rogorc wesi, mxareebi kameris win ufro sxvagvarad iqcevian, vidre kameris gare-Se. kameris winaSe Cvenebis micema mowmis-Tvisac da braldebulisTvisac damatebiTi diskomfortis Semqmnelia. rodesac adamia-ni sasamarTlos winaSe warsdgeba, is unda gaixsnas, mzad iyos simarTlis saTqmelad. es ki kamerebis win cota ar iyos rTulia. me vixilavdi gaxmaurebul saqmes, romelic gaupatiurebas exeboda, dazaralebuls unda aRewera SemTxveva, esaubra detale-bze, sakuTar gancdebsa Tu emociebze, ma-gram man es ver SeZlo, radgan masze miSve-rili iyo uamravi obieqtivi.

magram arsebobs sajaroobis interesic. Tqven romel interess aniWebT upirate-sobas qarTuli realobidan gamomdinare?


mogexsenebaT, sasamarTlos mimarT saqar-Tvelos mosaxleoba germanelebTan Seda-rebiT gacilebiT undobladaa ganwyobili. gamWvirvalobis garda ra berketi gaaCnia sazogadoebas, miT umetes, naxevrad avto-ritaruli mmarTvelobis pirobebSi?

Tqven gWirdebaT Zalian bevri kargi Jurnalisti, romlebic sasamarTlo pro-cesebs detalurad aRweren. fotoebisa da videoebis gareSe. Tu Jurnalistma am-bavi kargad ar gamoitana, mxolod video-ebi da fotoebi ras giSveliT?

Tumca, erTia, reportioris moyolili, xSir SemTxevaSi, interpretirebuli amba-vi, da meorea _ videoCanaweri, sadac Cans, Tu rogor awvdis girgvlianis procesze prokurori braldebuls mobilur tele-fons...

gasagebia rasac ambobT, saqarTveloSi specifiuri viTarebaa, Tumca, me mainc mowmis da braldebulis interess ufro maRla vayeneb da kamerebTan Cemi damoki-debuleba Zalian frTxilia.

saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo sistema po-litikuri brZolis erT-erT arenadaa qceuli... ra Sedegebamde SeiZleba migviyva-nos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mkveTrad politizirebam?

politikuri Zalebisgan sasamarTlos damoukideblobis miRweva da Semdgom Se-narCuneba urTulesi procesia. aseT Se-mTxvevaSi xelisuflebis danarCen Stoebs Zalauflebis nawilis daTmoba uwevT, rac ar surT. axlac xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg mosamarTleebi isev daSinebulni arian, fiqroben, rom maT zustad iseve gamoyrian, rogorc es wina xelisuflebam gaakeTa. maT rogorc politikosebma, ise, sxva dainteresebulma Zalebma Tavi unda daanebon da Tavisufali moqmedebis saSu-aleba unda miscen.

axla saqarTveloSi e.w samarTlianobis aRdgenis procesi mimdinareobs. yofili xelisuflebis aTobiT maRalCinosnis wi-naaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna xorcieldeba. cxadia, aRmasrulebel xe-lisuflebas am devnis maTTvis sasarge-blod dasruleba surs. rogor fiqrobT,

xom ar aRmoCndeba qarTveli mosamarTle ukve axali Zalis zewolis qveS, raTa man moqmedi xelisuflebis sasargeblo gada-wyvetilebebi miiRos?

rodesac xelisuflebaSi saakaSvili movida, maSin mis momxreebs politikuri mowinaRmdegeebis dasja surdaT. xeli-sufleba amas akeTebda kidec. axla Tu „qarTuli ocnebac“ am politikas gaagr-Zelebs da axla ukve yofil damsjelebs dasjis, mere sxva xelisufalic imaves izams da sul ase erTmaneTis dasjaSi iq-nebiT. Zalian kargia, rom patimrebis ra-odenoba gaanaxevreT, magram axla ise ar unda qnaT, rom dacarielebuli adgilebi axlebiT SeavsoT.

aTasobiT adamiani Tavs e.w reJimis msxverplad miiCnevs. Tundac is uamravi patimari, romelTa nawili gaTavisuflda, nawili ki cixeSi rCeba, sakuTar Tavs am kategorias miakuTvnebs. isini samarTals iTxoven. axali xelisufleba amis meqa-nizmebs eZebs. „qarTuli ocnebis“ winasa-arCevno piroba iyo, rom maTi saqmeebi ga-daixedeboda, magram am saqmeTa raodenoba warmoudgenlad didia, imisTvis rom sis-tema ar „gaiWedos“ Tqven ras urCevdiT sa-qarTvelos xelisuflebas? germanias aqvs amis gamocdildeba...

amgvari problemis winaSe Cven orjer aRmovCndiT, erTi _ nacisturi reJimis Semdeg, da meore, rodesac gdr daimsxvra. jer unda SeafasoT Tqveni resursi _ sakadro, finansuri da a.S. gdr _ droin-deli saqmeebis ganxilva germaniaSi am dromde grZeldeba, Tqvenc grZeli gzis gavla mogiwevT. esaa rTuli da ZviradRi-rebuli gza. jer kidev nacionaluri mo-Zraobis xelisuflebis dasawyisSi me pi-radad udidesi raodenobis sakuTrebis CamorTmevis uamrav faqts Seveswari, cxa-dia, adamianebi am sakuTrebaTa ukan da-brunebas moindomeben, is qoneba ukve sxvis xelSia, zogi maTgani keTilsindi-sieri mflobelia, axla maTi uflebebi ar unda dairRves... sisxlis samarTlis saq-meebSi maT gadasaxedad mosaZebnia axali garemoebebi... xalxi ki yvelafers swra-fad iTxovs. urTules mdgomareobaSi xarT...

xelisuflebis

cvlilebis Semdeg

mosamarTleebi isev

daSinebulni arian,

isini fiqroben, rom

zustad iseve ga-

moyrian, rogorc es

wina xelisuflebam

gaakeTa. maT rogorc

politikosebma, ise,

sxva dainteresebul-

ma Zalebma Tavi unda

daanebon da Tavi-

sufali moqmedebis

saSualeba unda

miscen.

marTlmsajuleba


ganaTleba

axali biurokratiuli rgoli saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi

lika zakaSvili

ganaTlebis saministro saqarTvelos masStabiT 250-300 olqis Seqmnas gegmavs.

saministroSi acxadeben, rom saxelmwifosTvis skolebis avtonomiurobis

SenarCuneba prioritetia da saskolo olqebis Seqmna decentralizaciis politikis

gagrZelebaa.

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro ramdenime kviris win saskolo olqebis Se-qmnis iniciativiT gamovida.

axali modelis mixedviT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro damatebiT teri-toriul organos qmnis, romlis ZiriTadi funqcia skolis olqis doneze saskolo politikis dagegmva da ganxorcielebaa.

saqarTvelos masStabiT 250-300 olqi iarsebebs, romelic saSualod 10 skolas moemsaxureba.

saskolo olqis sabWo 9 wevriT dakom-pleqtdeba. maTgan eqvsi wevri arCeuli iqneba, erTi warmomadgeneli ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros eyoleba, erTi wevri _ adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas, erTi ki _ saganmanTleblo resurs-centrs.

sabWos wevrebis arCevnebi sam weliwadSi erTxel Catardeba, arCevnebSi monawileo-bis msurveli kandidati konkretul olq-Si mcxovrebi srulwlovani moqalaqe unda iyos. (arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba ar


ganaTleba

axali biurokratiuli rgoli saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi

eqnebaT moqmed maswavleblebs, direqto-rebs, skolis TanamSromlebs da moswavle-ebs).

amave modelis mixedviT skolis sameur-veo sabWos magivrad skolis marTvas di-reqtori da pedagogiuri sabWo ganaxor-cielebs. aseve iarsebs skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba da mSobelTa komiteti, romelTac sakonsultacio sabWoebis sta-tusi mieniWebaT.

yvela is funqcia, romelic arsebul mo-delSi sameurveo sabWos ekisreba, sasko-lo olqis doneze gadainacvlebs. kerZod, olqs evaleba serTificirebuli skolis direqtorebis konkursis wesiT SerCeva da kandidatebis saministrosTvis wardgena. olqis movaleoba iqneba skolis direqto-ris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ga-dawyvetilebis miReba, oRond am SemTxve-vaSic, sabWom direqtoris registraciidan moxsnis gadawyvetileba saministros unda warudginos.

sabWos movaleobaa gaecnos da saWiroe-bis SemTxvevaSi rekomendaciebi miawodos skolas saskolo gegmasTan dakavSirebiT. sabWo amtkicebs skolis biujets da saWi-roebis SemTxvevaSi skolas alternatiul biujets warudgens. sabWo unda gaecnos skolis Sinaganawess. is afasebs sasko-lo politikas, amtkicebs olqSi Semavali skolebis mokle da grZelvadian miznebs. SeuZlia skolebis daxurvis da gaerTiane-bis gadawyvetilebebis miReba, specialuri saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebisTvis ga-moyofili saxelmwifos resursebis ganawi-leba. garda amisa, olqi ecdeba donore-bis mozidvas da sainformacio kampaniebis warmoebas.

sabWos ufleba-movaleobebis aRweridan irkveva, rom yvela funqcias, rac am drom-de sameurveo sabWos ekisreboda, saskolo olqi iRebs; skolis marTvaSi ki mTavari rgoli direqtori xdeba, kerZod, dire-qtori pedagogTa sabWos monawileobiT SeimuSavebs biujets da dasamtkiceblad warudgens sabWos. direqtori monito-rings uwevs saswavlo gegmis danergvas, akontrolebs kurikulumis Sesrulebas, akademiur moswreba/daswrebas. pedagogTa sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT SeimuSavebs da sa-bWos warudgens skolis mokle da grZel-

vadian miznebsa da strategias, marTavs adamianur, materialur da finansur re-sursebs.

ganaTlebis saministros gancxadebiT, saxelmwifosTvis skolebis avtonomiuro-bis SenarCuneba prioritetia da saskolo olqebis Seqmna decentralizaciis poli-tikis gagrZelebaa.

saministros gancxadebiT, arsebul mo-dels xarvezebi aqvs. sameurveo sabWoSi Semavali pedagogebi, angariSvaldebulebi iyvnen skolis direqtoris winaSe da ami-tom maTi gadawyvetilebebi ar iyo neitra-luri.

rogorc ganaTlebis saministros ve-bgverdze ganTavsebuli informaciiT irkveva, modelis Secvlis mizezi swored aRniSnuli xarvezi gaxda.

arsebul modelSi am naklis Sesaxeb ga-naTlebis ministris moadgile, aluda go-gliCiZem, noemberSi „liberalisTvis“ mi-cemul interviuSic isaubra. misi TqmiT, skolis avtonomiis zrdis process axali gundi maqsimalurad emxroba da skolis marTvaSi adgilobrivi Temis monawileoba procesis demokratizacias uwyobs xels.

aluda gogliCiZe Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWoebi saintereso fenomenia, oRond sa-qmes sabWoSi maswavleblebis monawileoba afuWebda. `roca Cven sameurveo sabWoebs sxva funqciebTan erTad direqtoris ar-Cevis uflebamosilebas vakisrebT, kargad unda davfiqrdeT, ra aris es da rasTan gvaqvs saqme, ierarqia ingreva, roca damsa-qmebeli dasaqmebuls irCevs. es subrodi-nacia aRar aris“, _ Tqva aluda gogliCi-Zem, Tumca iqve aRniSna, rom sabWo jansaRi warmonaqmnia, oRond am struqturaSi pe-dagogebis monawileobaa gadasaxedi.

am gancxadebebidan ramdenime Tvis Ta-vze gairkva, rom saministro sameurveo sabWoSi pedagogebis monawileobiT gamo-wveuli xarvezis aRmofxvras ar gegmavs da yvela is funqcia, romelic aqamde skolis sameurveo sabWos movaleobaSi Sedioda, saskolo olqebis doneze gadainacvlebs.

axal models ganaTlebis sferos eqs-pertTa erTi nawili, miuxedavad imisa, rom modelze muSaoba jer dasrulebuli ar aris, uaryofiTad afasebs. maT miaC-niaT, rom SemoTavazebuli varianti decen-

axal models ganaTle-

bis sferos eqspertTa

erT nawili, miuxedavad

imisa, rom modelze

muSaoba jer dasrulebu-

li ar aris, uaryofiTad

afasebs. maT miaCniaT,

rom SemoTavazebuli

varianti decentraliza-

cias xels ar Seuwyobs da

metic, SesaZloa marTvis

axali rgolis ZiriTadi

funqcia biurokratiuli

gadawyvetilebebis miRe-

ba iyos da ara skolaSi

ganaTlebis xarisxze

zrunva.


ganaTleba

tralizacias xels ar Seuwyobs da metic, SesaZloa marTvis axali rgolis ZiriTadi funqcia biurokratiuli gadawyvetilebe-bis miReba iyos da ara skolaSi ganaTlebis xarisxze zrunva.

Salva tabataZes, miaCnia, rom saskolo olqis sabWo profesiuli niSniT unda dakompleqtdes.

SemoTavazebuli versiiT olqebs mniSv-nelovani funqciebi eniWebaT, maT unda SeaTanxmon skolis biujeti, Sinaganawe-si, mokle da grZelvadiani ganviTarebis gegmebi, Tumca roca saskolo olqs ara-profesionali kadrebiT vakompleqtebT, rTulia maT yvela am funqciis kvali-ficiuri da profesiuli Sesruleba mo-vTxovoT.

`es olqi profesiuli niSniT ar dakom-pleqtdeba, arCevnebSi monawileoba 18 wlis zeviT yvela moqalaqes SeeZleba. aq aris didi safrTxe, arakompetenturi sa-bWo saskolo gegmas ver Seafasebs da verc alternativas gaakeTebs. roca olqi ufun-qcioa, is iTavsebs sxva funqciebs: niSnavs direqtorebs standartis Sesabamisad. Cemi azriT, aseTi saskolo olqi araTu xels Seuwyobs skolis xarisxis gaumjobesebas, aramed aqtiurad Caereva mis sakadro ga-dawyvetilebebSi,~ _ ambobs Salva tabata-Ze.

rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, saskolo olqis sabWo 9 wevriT dakompleqtdeba. maTgan 6 wevri arCeuli iqneba, erTi war-momadgeneli ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrodan iqneba, erTi _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan, erTi ki _ saganman-Tleblo resurs-centridan.

sabWos wevrebis arCevnebi sam weliwadSi erTxel Catardeba, arCevnebSi monawileo-bis msurveli kandidati konkretul olqSi mcxovrebi srulwlovani moqalaqe iqneba. sxva saxis kriteriumebi jerjerobiT dad-genili ar aris.

simon janaSias azriT, axali modeli 2005 wlamdeli viTarebis dabrunebis Sesa-Zleblobas iZleva, rodesac raionuli da saqalaqo ganyofilebebi sistemaSi mraval usargeblo bariers qmnida.

misive TqmiT, axali sqemiT rogorc efe-qturobis, ise demokratiulobis xarisxis zrdac saTuoa. misi danergvisTvis ki Za-

lian didi resursis gaReba iqneba saWiro. amitom ukeTesi iqneba Tu aqamde arsebuli modelis amuSavebaze ukve daxarjuli re-sursebsa da dagrovil gamocdilebas op-timalurad gamoviyenebT, davxvewT saxel-mwifos marTvis praqtikasa da skolebis sameurveo sabWoebis muSaobas.

`direqtoris Zalaufleba skolis far-glebSi izrdeba, gamWvirvalobis meqaniz-mebi ki mcirdeba. skolaSi mSoblebs mxo-lod sakonsultacio funqcia eniWebaT. aRarc moswavleebi miiReben marTvaSi monawileobas. Cndeba riski, rom skolis doneze direqtori daubalansebel Zalau-flebas moipovebs,“ _ ambobs simon janaSia.

samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis ganaTlebis specialisti Tamar mosiaSvi-li miiCnevs, rom saministros Riaoba dia-logisTvis calsaxad pozitiuria, magram saskolo olqebi savaraudod damatebiTi biurokratiuli rgoli gaxdeba, romelis amoqmedebac qveyanas Zviri daujdeba.

misive TqmiT, is axali saskolo olqe-bis Seqmnis aucileblobas ver xedavs da saxelmwifom moqmedi sameurveo sabWoebis qmediTunarianobis gazrdaze unda izru-nos.

`aseve ver vxedav, ramdenad gazrdis am olqis saqmianoba skolebis damoukide-blobis xarisxs. samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutma daasrula decentralizaciis politikis dokumentze muSaoba. doku-ments male warudgenen saganmanaTleblo sazogadoebas, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, parlaments da yvela dainte-resebul pirs. Zalian mniSvnelovania, ga-naTlebis sferos warmomadgenlebma erTad gaviazroT ganaTlebis sistemis decentra-lizaciisa da depolitizaciis aucile-bloba, is riskebi, rac SeiZleba warmoi-qmnas saskolo olqebis SeqmniT,~ _ aRniSna Tamar mosiaSvilma.

saskolo olqebis modelze saministro arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organi-zaciebTan erTad imsjelebs. jerjerobiT, radgan modelze muSaoba ar dasrulebu-la, samuSao procesSi CarTuli organiza-ciebis erTi nawili komentarze uars ambo-bs. saministroc am sakiTxis Sesaxeb jerjerobiT mediasTan ar saubrobs. axali modelis mimarT bevri kiTxva dagrovda.

simon janaSias azriT,

axali modeli 2005

wlamdeli viTarebis

dabrunebis SesaZle-

blobas iZleva, rodesac

raionuli da saqalaqo

ganyofilebebi siste-

maSi mraval usargeblo

bariers qmnida.


ekonomika

nu dakargav energias, daxarje gonivrulad!

eka maRaldaZe

iciT ramdenad sqelia Tqveni sacxovrebeli saxlis kedlebi? iciTramden siTbos

kargavT fanjrebidan an karidan? saxuravidan Tu iatakidan? iciT ramdenis dazogva

SegiZliaT sayofacxovrebo teqnikisa Tu ubralod Sesaferisi naTuris SeZenisas?

Tu ara, es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imaze, razec eqspertebi ukve didi xania,

saubroben _ informaciis naklebobasa da saWiroebaze.

saqarTveloSi energoefeqturobis kuT-xiT ramdenime proeqti ganxorcielda, ro-melTa umetesobac, saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mier iyo dafinansebuli, Tumca kanonmdebloba, romelic am mimar-TulebiT qveynis ganviTarebas daareguli-rebda, kvlav ar gvaqvs.

1970-iani wlebis energetikulma kri-zisma msoflio energoganviTarebis axal mimarTulebebze daafiqra. mzardi ener-gomoTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad energoobieqtebis simZlavreebis zrdasa da energiis axali wyaroebis aTvisebas-Tan erTad, Tanamedrove ganviTarebuli


eqspertuli daanga-

riSebiT, Tanamedrove

moTxovnebiT Tboizoli-

rebuli Senobebis gasaT-

bobad im energiis 18%-ic

gveyofa, rasac axla

araTboizolirebuli

SenobebisTvis viyenebT.

ekonomika

msoflios prioriteti arsebuli energiis racionaluri gamoyeneba gaxda, rac Tavis mxriv, energodamzogavi RonisZiebebis ga-tarebas gulisxmobs.

energoefeqturoba, rogorc wesi, or nawilad iyofa _ erTi adamianebis qce-vebis, maTi sayofacxovrebo Cvevebis Secvlas gulisxmobs. adamianebma unda icodnen, rogor moiqcnen, rom ener-giis xarjva Seamciron. meore nawili ki ufro rTuli da ZviradRirebulia _ es ufro maRali klasis teqnikis SeZenasa da sacxovrebeli saxlebis Sida Tu gare daTbunebas, kar-fanjris mowesrigebas da sxva RonisZiebebs gulisxmobs. Tum-ca, rogorc eqspertebi ganmartaven, es „erTxel gadaxdis“ principiT muSaobs, Tu pirvelad mets vixdiT, es Tanxa ga-rkveuli xnis Semdeg energiaze dazogi-li biujetiT gvibrundeba da ojaxisTvis gacilebiT momgebiania. komfortis done SenarCunebuli da gaumjobesebulia da garemosac naklebi ziani adgeba.

energogadasaxadebis Semcirebis erT--erTi martivi gza ganaTebis sistemis cvlilebebia. energobiujetis 11% swo-red ganaTebas xmardeba. mag. kompaqturi energodamzogavi naTura 75%-iT nakleb eleqtroenergias moixmars da 10-jer ufro sicocxlisunariania, vidre var-vara naTurebi, romlebsac masobrivad viyenebT. Tu varvara naTura 50-60 Te-Tri Rirs, energodamzogavi naTuris fasi 5-dan 12 laramdea. weliwadSi, sa-Sualod, erTi naTuris CanacvlebiT ki 175 kvt.sT-mde (daaxloebiT32 laramde) energiis dazogva SegviZlia.

ori wlis win Tbilisis ramdenime mra-valsarTulian sacxovrebel saxlSi Ca-tarebulma energoauditma aCvena, rom zogadi tendenciiT, SeZlebuli ojaxebi ufro ekonomiur naTurebs moixmaren, vi-dre _ naklebadSeZlebulebi. faqtia, rom am adamianebma ar ician, rogor SeuZliaT energiis dazogva, ase rom ar iyos, ener-godamzogav naTurebs amjobinebdnen, ar dasWirdebodaT maTi xSirad gamocvla da energiaSi metis gadaxda.

rac Seexeba sxva eleqtromowyobilobe-bs, maTi energomaCveneblebis mixedviT, A klasis teqnika G klasis teqnikasTan Se-

darebiT, samjer nakleb eleqtroenergias moixmars.

mravalsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxle-bis kvlevam aCvena, rom saqarTvelosTvis sacxovrebel saxlebSi energodazogvis potenciali 13,2 miliard kvt.sT-s aRwevs (gaTbobis CaTvliT). Tu eleqtroenergiis saSualo fasad 0,14 lars miviCnevT, ma-Sin wliuri ekonomia 1,8 miliardi laris toli iqneba. eqspertuli daangariSebiT, Tanamedrove moTxovnebiT Tboizolire-buli Senobebis gasaTbobad im energiis 18%-ic gveyofa, rasac axla araTboizo-lirebuli SenobebisTvis viyenebT.

saqarTveloSi samSeneblo Tvalsazri-siT, sam etaps gamoyofen: 1920 wlamde aSe-nebuli Senobebi, 1920-1990 wlebSi aSene-bulebi da 1990 wlidan dRemde.

„sabWoTa normebze orientirebuli yoveli Senoba ewinaaRmdegeba Taname-drove sabazro ekonomikis principebs. Senobebi,praqtikulad, dRe-Ramis ganma-vlobaSi ganuwyvetiliv gaTbobas moiTxo-vs. saWiroa, rom saqarTvelo dauyovnebliv daadges evropul gzas _ Tboizolirebuli Senobebis mSeneblobas da arsebuli Seno-bebis Tboizolirebas, rogorc es gakeTda norvegiaSi, germaniaSi da sxvagan. winaaR-mdeg SemTxvevaSi, yovelwliuri matebiT uamravi energiis uazrod dakargva aua-resebs ekologiur mdgomareobas da qmnis energetikuli, ekonomikuri da socialuri krizisis safuZvels,“ _ vkiTxulobT 2011 wels Catarebuli kvlevis („sacxovrebeli Senobebis energetikuli da ekologiuri problemebi saqarTveloSi“) angariSSi.

SenobebSi energiis 82%-mde betonisa da rkinabetonis gaTbobaze ixarjeba. Zveli Senobebis umetesobas dazianebuli aqvs sa-xuravi, fanjrebi, kedlebi, iataki da a.S. siTbos did nawilsac swored aqedan vkar-gavT. mxolod mowesrigebuli kar-fanjara 10-dan 25%-mde amcirebs siTbos gadinebas, Sesabamisad energiis gadasaxadsac.

kvlevis Tanaxmad, bolo aswlian isto-riul periodSi kedlebis maxasiaTeblebma mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada. ked-lebi droTa ganmavlobaSi 4-jer gaTxel-da, xolo maTi wona daaxloebiT 6,5-jer Semcirda, Sesabamisad, kedlebidan siTbo-danakargebi gaizarda.


ekonomika

„msoflio gamocdileba saqarTvelos-Tvis“ erT-erTia im mcirericxovan orga-nizaciebs Soris, romlebic saqarTveloSi am Temaze muSaoben. direqtori energe-tikul sakiTxebSi, murman margvelaSvili ambobs, rom energoefeqturi RonisZiebe-bis gatareba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani swored axalaSenebul SenobebSia, romel-Ta kedlebis sisqec zogjer 25 sm-ze meti ar aris.

„zogan pirdapir etyoba kidec, imis gamo, rom kedlebi siTbos atarebs, maTze orTqli kondensirdeba. cxadia, aseTi sa-xlis gaTboba da siTbos SenarCuneba gaci-lebiT rTulia da ufro met danaxarjebs moiTxovs. maTTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, rogorme moaxerxon da Tavidan gadaixa-don cota meti, Signidan an garedan daa-Tbunon kedlebic da gadasaxadebis dazo-gviT pirveli danaxarjis tvirTi imdenad mZimec ar iqneba, saboloo Sedegi ki did Svebas miscems. Tumca am yvelafris daner-gvas dasawyisisTvis saxelmwifos mxarda-Wera da garkveuli SeRavaTebi sWirdeba,“ _ ambobs margvelaSvili.

saqarTveloSi „energoefeqturobis centris“ direqtori giorgi abulaSvili ganmartavs, rom mSeneblobebis kuTxiT ganviTareba erT-erTi prioritetuli na-wilia. misi TqmiT, Tu energoefeqturi RonisZiebebi Senobis daproeqtebamdea gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin maTi aSeneba Se-saZloa danarCen mSeneblobebze mxolod 5%-iT metidajdes (masobrivad am tipis mSeneblobebis danergvis SemTxvevaSi ki-TiTqmis imdenive, rac manamde), maSin ro-desac, aseT SenobebSi energiis moxmareba minimum 20%-iT mcirdeba.

dargis eqspertebi am mimarTulebiT ka-nonmdeblobis ararsebobas procesis gan-viTarebis Semaferxebel erT-erT mTavar mizezad asaxeleben. giorgi abulaSvilis ganmartebiT, saxelmwifos mxridan dekla-rirebuli da qmediTi RonisZiebebis gata-rebaa aucilebeli.

„saxelmwifos valdebuleba, pirvel yo-vlisa kanonmdeblobis Seqmnaa, man unda Seqmnas regulaciebis sistema, romelic ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebasa da energoefeqturobas daaregulirebs,“ _ ambobs abulaSvili.

gasuli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi ramden-jerme daiwyo muSaoba energoefeqturobi-sa da ganaxlebad energetikis specialuri kanonproeqtis SemuSavebaze, Tumca par-lamentamde arc erT maTgans ar miuRwevia. bolo samuSao jgufi 2008 wels USAID-is mier iyo dafinansebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonproeqtSi ZiriTadi aqcenti sain-formacio uzrunvelyofaze keTdeboda, murman margvelaSvili ixsenebs, rom sa-muSaos bolos maT mTavrobidan misweres, rom „efeqturoba biujetisa da ekonomi-kisTvis zedmeti tvirTi iqneboda.“ giorgi abulaSvili, romelic am jgufis muSaoba-Si iyo CarTuli, ambobs, rom am SemTxveva-Si Zalian kargad ikveTeba, ramdenad daba-lia am mimarTulebiT cnobiereba rogorc moqalaqeebSi, ise gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebSi:

„energoefeqturoba mTel msoflioSi energousafrTxoebisa da makroekonomi-kuri parametrebis gaumjobesebis gzad miiCneva. miT ufro, rom is kanonproe-qti saerTod ar gulisxmobda sagadasa-xado stimulaciebs da ZiriTadi aqcenti sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebaze iyo. arada, sagadasaxado Tu saxelmwifos mxridan sxva stumlaciebis pirobebSic ki qveynis makroekonomikuri parametre-bi umjobesdeba,“ _ ambobs abulaSvili da xazs usvams, rom qveynis SigniT dazogili energiis eqsportze gatana qveyanas kidev ufro met sargebels moutans, dargis gan-viTarebis kvaldakval ki damatebiTi samu-Sao adgilebic Seiqmneba. energoefeqturi mSeneblobis ganviTarebisTvis is aucile-belad miiCevs samSeneblo standartebis gadaxedvasac.

„evrokavSiris zog qveyanaSi binebis sa-valdebulo energopasportizaciac ki xdeba. es niSnavs, rom binis gayidva-gaqi-ravebisas aucileblad unda Catardes au-diti da myidvelma an damqiravebelma na-xos, rogori iqneba am Senobis savaraudo energodanaxarjebi,~ _ acxadebs abulaSvi-li.

kompaniebis ricxvi, romelTa saqmia-nobac energoefeqturobis principebs emyareba, saqarTveloSi erTeulebs ar aRemateba. arc iseTi organizaciebia be-vri, romlebic Sesabamis teqnologiebSi

kvlevis Tanaxmad,

bolo aswlian istoriul

periodSi kedlebi 4-jer

gaTxelda, xolo maTi

wona daaxloebiT 6,5-jer

Semcirda, Sesabamisad,

kedlebidan siTboda-

nakargebi gaizarda.


investirebisTvis mzad arian. murman mar-gvelaSvili ambobs, rom am mxriv bizness mxardaWera da waxaliseba sWirdeba, maga-liTad, rogoricaa sagadasaxado SeRava-Tebi konkretuli tipis teqnologiebis, masalebis Semotanaze, aseve bankebis waxa-liseba, iafi kreditebis sistemis danergva da a.S.

2008 wlidan amoqmedda evropis gan-viTarebisa da rekonstruqciis bankis (EBRD) mier gamoyofili sakredito xaziT dafinansebuli proeqti, romelic ener-gokreditebis gacemas gulisxmobda. 35 milioniani xaziT qarTulma sawarmoebma nayofierad isargebles da teqnikuri ga-daiaraRebis Semdeg energiis danaxarji mniSvnelovnad Seamcires. Tumca, rogorc abulaSvili ambobs, proeqts sayofacxo-vrebo mimarTulebiT, praqtikulad, Sede-gi ar hqonia. EBRD-im axali konkursi ga-moacxada sakonsultacio kompaniebisTvis, raTa energokreditebis gacemisTvis kri-teriumebi da procedurebi daixvewos.

garda praqtikuli saWiroebisa, energo-efeqturobis mimarTulebiT qmediTi nabi-jebis gadadgmas saqarTvelos mTeli rigi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi avaldebule-bs. 1996 wels saqarTvelo energetikuli qartiis xelmomweri gaxda, mniSvnelovania evropis samezoblo politikis dokumen-tic. axalma mTavrobam „evropis energe-tikuli Tanamegobrobis“ srul wevrobaze Seitana ganacxadi. mas Semdeg, rac Tana-megobrobis wevri gavxdebiT, uSualod am mimarTulebiT kanonmdeblobis Seqmna da misi evropul kanonmdeblobasTan harmo-nizeba, Cveni pirdapiri valdebuleba iq-neba.

energoefeqturobis mimarTulebiT mu-Saoba ara mxolod energoseqtorisTvis, aramed globaluri garemosdacviTi pro-blemebis kuTxiTac mniSvnelovania. 2010 wlidan Tbilisi (da Semdeg ukve rusTavi, baTumi, quTaisi) „merebis xelSekrulebis“ mxarec gaxda, rac municipalitetebis do-neze haerSi naxSiroJangis gafrqvevebis Semcirebas gulisxmobs. amis mTavar ins-trumentad ki swored energoefeqturoba moiazreba. siTburi gafrqvevebis daaxlo-ebiT 40% saqarTveloSi swored Senobebze modis.

energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministroSi acxadeben, rom am mimarTu-lebiT muSaobas apireben. ministris moad-gilis, ilia eloSvilis ganmartebiT, iqm-neba sammarTvelo, romelsac am Temebze muSaoba daevaleba da energoefeqturobis sakiTxs samomavlod strategiaSic gaiTva-liswineben.

eqspertuli SefasebiT miiCneva, rom saxelmwifo masStabiT, ekonomikurad momgebiani energoefeqturobis Ro-nisZiebebis gatarebiT (magaliTad, var-varis naTuris energoefeqturi naTuriT SecvliT, Senobebis daTbunebiT, avto-transportis bunebriv gazze gadayvaniT, energoefeqturi RumelebiT, saavtomo-bilo parkis ganaxlebiT an bunebriv ga-zze gadayvaniT, samSeneblo masalis Se-cvliT, axali teqnologiebis danergviT, sezonuri drois SemoRebiT), SesaZlebe-lia qveynis saerTo energo-moxmarebis daaxloebiT 25%-iT Semcireba, energou-safrTxoebis donis gazrda, aTeuli da aseuli milioni dolaris Rirebulebis energiisa da infrastruqturis xarjis dazogva.

murman margvelaSvili miiCnevs, rom energiis dazogva gansakuTrebiT mniSvne-lovani swored Cveni msgavsi qveynisTvi-saa, rodesac moxmarebuli energiis 60-65%-s importirebuli energia Seadgens. „im hidroenergiis moxmareba, romelzec bolo dros amdens vlaparakobT, 20%-s ar aWarbebs. gare damokidebulebis riske-bis Sesamcireblad ki arsebuli energiis racionaluri gamoyeneba erT-erTi swori gadawyvetileba iqneboda. Tumca gare val-debulebasTan erTad mniSvnelovani Sida valdebulebaa: davexmaroT sakuTar moqa-laqeebs, rom ufro naklebi energiis anda igive energiis racionaluri gamoyenebiT meti Tanxa dazogon,“ _ acxadebs margve-laSvili.

misive TqmiT, procesis dasawyebad da xelSesawyobad aucilebelia kompleqsu-ri qmedebebi, magram pirveli mainc saWi-ro informaciis Seqmna da gavrcelebaa. raTa erTi mxriv, momxmareblebma icod-nen ra sWirdebaT da, meore mxriv, poli-tikosebma icodnen, ra SesTavazon moqa-laqeebs.

„energoefeqturo-

ba mTel msoflioSi

energousafrTxoebisa da

makroekonomikuri para-

metrebis gaumjobesebis

gzad miiCneva.~

ekonomika


sazogadoeba


sofo afciauri

ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis dedaTa monasteri ukve wlebia,

socialurad gaWirvebulebs exmareba _ aq cxeli sadiliT

yovel dRe 50-ze met adamians umaspinZldebian.

nad gaWirvebul mosaxleobas xmardeba.

yoveldRiurad 1-dan 2 saaTamde aq Tbilisis

sxvadasxva ubnidan, sakvebis misaRebad yvela

asakis mosaxleoba dadis.

nawili iqve, specialurad gamoyofil satra-

pezoSi ikvebeba, zogs sakvebi sakuTari ojaxis

wevrebisTvis saxlSi miaqvs, monastridan aseve,

fulsa da tansacmels gascemen.

iRumenia, deda ioana am saqvelmoqmedo saq-

mianobas 19 welia xelmZRvanelobs. is 37 wlis

iyo, rodesac Svilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, ek-

lesiuri cxovreba gadawyvita da dedaTa monas-

terSi daiwyo msaxureba.

avWalis dasaxlebaSi, ioane naTlismcemlis

saxelobis dedaTa monasteri ukve 19 welia

funqcionirebs.

2000 kvadratul metrze, ori samlocvelos

garda, morCilebisa da monazvnebis sacxovrebe-

li keliebi, satrapezo, sanTlebis maRazia da

xatebis saweri oTaxia gamoyofili. monasters

ukan ki patara bostani aqvs, sadac monazvnebsa

da morCilebs cercvi, barda da sxvadasxva saxis

bostneuli mohyavT.

monasters religiuri funqciis garda, so-

cialuri funqciac aqvs SeTavsebuli. Semowi-

rulobebi, riTac mas mrevli exmareba, mTlia-

fo

to

ebi

lev

an x

erxe

ul

iZe


sazogadoeba


“monastris aRdgenis dRidan, CvenTan mowya-

lebis saTxovnelad Tbilisis sxvadasxva ubni-

dan uamravi adamiani modioda. gadavwyviteT,

ufaso sasadilo gagvexsna. Tavdapirvelad,

gaWirvebul ojaxebs dRis nebismier monakveT-

Si SeeZloT sakvebis miReba, Tumca, monastris

cxovrebis reJimidan gamomdinare, gagviWirda

yvelas daxmareba da axla, 1-dan 2-mde nebismier

adamians SeuZlia CvenTan isadilos an kerZi sa-

xlSi waiRos,”- ambobs iRumenia.

monasters dRis ganmavlobaSi 50-mde adamia-

ni akiTxavs, Tumca, dResaswaulebze es ricxvi

matulobs. marxvis dReebSi ki satrapezoSi mxo-

lod samarxvo saWmels akeTeben.

sadilis momzadebasa da amasTan dakavSire-

bul sxvadasxva saqmianobaSi deda ioanas garda,

monazvnebi da morCilebi arian CarTulebi.

satrapezoSi yvela morCils Tavisi saqme aqvs.

erTkviriani morigeobis principiT, zogi ker-

Zs amzadebs, nawili alagebs, WurWels recxavs

an bostans uvlis. zogi ki iq misul adamianebs

tansacmelsa da fuls unawilebs.

deda natalia, romelsac asakis gamo, mxolod

msubuqi sayofacxovrebo saqmianoba evaleba,

ambobs, rom deda ioanas iniciativa, romelic

gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis dapurebas emsaxure-

ba, mniSvnelovania socialuri TvalsazrisiT,

radgan, dResdReobiT TbilisSi Zalian bevr

adamians Tavis gamokvebis saSualebac ki ar aqvs.

`sxvadasxva monastersa da eklesiaSi medavi-

Tned vmsaxurobdi. 50 welia, eklesiuri cxo-

vrebiT vcxovrob, magram, is, rac am monasterSi

wlebia deda ioanas iniciativiT keTdeba, yvela-

ze didi saqmea. aq modis yvela asakis adamiani,

zogs Svilebi hyavs saxlSi da maT sarCenad mini-

maluri Tanxac ar abadia, umetesoba umuSevari

da saarsebo minimumis mqonea, Sesabamisad, Cven,

morCilebica da monazvnebic didi sixaruliT

vakeTebT am saqmes,”- ambobs deda natalia.

Tavisufal dros monazvnebi xatebs weren,

iqvea specialurad gamoyofili oTaxebi, sadac

qargvis, xatwerisa da sxvadasxva xelsaqmis ke-

Tebis saSualeba aqvT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom monazvnebi xatweridan Se-

mosul Tanxasac qvelmoqmedebas moaxmaren.

asmaT oqropiriZe, romelic profesiiT xelo-

vnebaTmcodnea, wlebia monazvnebTan megobrobs

da ikonografiaSi sakuTar codnas uziarebs.

`am monasterSi sruliad SemTxveviT aRmovCn-

di, monazvnebs axalgazrda xatmweri qeTevan ma-

Wavariani kurirebs da swored man Sematyobina

deda ioanas saqmianobis Sesaxeb. am adamianebis

cxovrebas didi Sedegi moaqvs. monazvnebi CemTan

arasdros saubroben qvelmoqmedebaze, Tumca,

xSirad minaxavs, rogor modian dRis ganmavloba-

Si upovari adamianebi sasadilod, zogs ki sakve-

bsa da gzis fuls atanen. monasteri maSinaa war-

matebuli, roca erTi organizmiviT

funqcionirebs. iRumenia ioanas moRvaweoba amis

kargi magaliTia. 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi monazv-

nebs sxvadasxva saqme aqvT ganawilebuli, locvis

paralelurad Sromoben da sxvebis daxmarebaze

fiqroben,~ _ ambobs asmaT oqropiriZe.

ioane naTlismcemlis saxe-lobis dedaTa monasteris

iRumenia deda ioana, Tbilisi, 1 maisi 2013


sazogadoeba

mimowera

"universitetSi wamyvani unda iyos Semoqmedi"

studenturi jgufis „studentebi akademiuri TavisuflebisTvis“ TxovniT baton gia

eZgveraZes vTxove Tavisi azri gamoeTqva, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda _ ufro aqtiuradac

CarTuliyo sazogadoebriv procesebSi, romelic ganaTlebis sistemis reformis mxardaWeras

isaxavs miznad. Tavidan batonma giam statiis daweris survili gamoTqva, Cveni mimoweris

dasasruls ki momwera: „mgoni, araviTari statiis dawera aRar aris saWiro _ es sami werili

srulad asaxavs situacias: SesaZleblobebs, savaraudo problemebs da im did sargebels, rac

sworad gadawyobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba am sistemam moitanos“ _ giorgi kevliSvili, mxatvari.

giorgi kevliSvili

batono gia,aqauri ganaTlebis sistemis problemebze

saubari, ra Tqma unda, saWiro araa. albaT iciT, rom axalma xelisuflebam Seqmna komisia fizikos gia dvalis xelmZRvanelobiT, romel-sac reformis koncefciis SemuSaveba daeva-la. gia dvalis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom konkretulad sauniversiteto sferoSi uamra-vi problemaa dagrovili, umTavresi akademiu-ri Tavisuflebis ararsebobaa. amis mogvarebis gareSe yvela sxva problemis mogvarebis piro-biTac ki Cven gveqneba ara universitetebi, ara-med maTi parodia. da piriqiT: maRali xarisxis akademiuri kadrebis mozidva da maTi akademiu-ri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofa mxolod waad-geba yvela sxva problemis gadaWras.

SeuZlebelia kvlevisa da Semoqmedebis, swa-vlebis Tavisufleba iq, sadac profesorebs 1, 2, maqsimum _ 3 wliani kontraqtebi aqvT, da amdenad, muSobisas damokidebulni arian ara mecnierebisa da Semoqmedebis interese-bze, sakuTar sindisze da rwmenaze, aramed _ kontraqtis damdebze. amiT gauqmda akademiu-ri Tavisuflebis umTavresi winapirobebi da universitetebSi miviReT akademiuri persona-li, romelic erTaderTi _ xelisuflebisadmi loialobis niSniT iyo SerCeuli. vfiqrob, si-tuaciis gadaWarbebiT Sefaseba ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom problemas mxolod ganaTlebis sferos mdgomareobisTvis ar aqvs mniSvneloba, aramed _ mTlianad sazogadoebis ganviTarebis-Tvis. rom ara aseTi situacia universitetebSi,

Cven rom Tundac ramdenime profesori gvyo-loda universitetebSi, romlebic SezRuduli ar iqnebodnen xelfasebiT da kontraqtebis am formiT, uamravi dramatuli movlena ver mox-deboda, zogadad arademokratiuli procesebi CvenSi ase ver gaSlida frTebs. bunebrivia, rom kvlevisa da Semoqmedebis Tavisufleba unda mi-viCnioT ara kerZod mecnierebis an xelovnebis, aramed _ sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nebismieri sferos ganviTarebis, zogadad, Cveni cxovre-bis mowyobis umTavres safuZvlad.

pirvel konkretul nabijad gia dvals, ko-misiis wevrebTan da sxvebTan erTad, miaCniaT tenuaris sistemis SemoReba. rac gulisxmobs:

1. saxelmwifo cnobs pasuxismgeblobas gana-Tlebis sistemis ganviTarebaze, aRiarebs sazo-gadoebriv dakveTas, da ganaTlebas acxadebs umTavres prioritetad.

2. amis Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyofs maRali xarisxis swavlebas / kvlevas / Semoqmedebas ganaTlebis sitemaSi, da amis erTaderT gzad miaCnia umaRlesi donis samecniero / Semoqme-debiTi individebis mozidvas universitetebSi e.w. tenuaris statusiT.

3. imis gamovlena, vin aris tenuari, xdeba e.w. gare referirebis principiT: kandidatebs afa-seben ara ama Tu im universitetis mmarTvele-bi, an Tundac saxelmwifo, aramed _ saerTaSo-riso umaRlesi donis mecnierebi/Semoqmedebi. saxelmwifo mxolod uzrunvelyofs maTTvis informaciis miwodebas da SefasebaTa miRebas _ mxolod teqnikurad da finansurad aRasru-lebs process.

4. mas Semdeg, rac ama Tu im sferoSi Tu

Cven rom Tundac ram-

denime profesori gvyo-

loda universitetebSi,

romlebic SezRuduli ar

iqnebodnen xelfasebiT

da kontraqtebis am for-

miT, uamravi dramatuli

movlena ver moxdeboda,

zogadad arademokratiu-

li procesebi CvenSi ase

ver gaSlida frTebs.


sazogadoeba

fo

to l

evan

xer

xeul

iZe


sazogadoeba

universitetSi tenuarobis kandidati gamov-lenilia, universiteti uzrunvelyofs mis aka-demiur Tavisuflebas grZelvadiani (SesaZloa uvado) kontraqtiT, da maRali anazRaurebiT. sawyis etapze, universitetebis mier garkveuli donisa da avtonomiis miRwevamde, saxelmwifo uzurnvelyofs universitetebs saTanado fi-nansebiT.

mokled sul esaa.problema isaa, rom CvenSi es ideebi arc ise

advili dasamkvidrebeli aRmoCnda. zogier-TisTvis es rTulad gasagebia, zogierTisTvis _ vinc reformirebul sistemaSi Tavis rols ver xedavs _ miuRebeli. problemaa mediis ara-adekvaturobac _ am, Cveni azriT umniSvnelo-vanes sakiTxs an diletantizmis, an Segnebuli sabotaJis gamo saTanado yuradReba ar eqceva. sazogadoebriv arxze bolo 5 Tvis ganmavloba-Si (rac komisiam muSaoba daiwyo) am Temaze arc erTi wuTi ar yofila msjeloba. sxva, orga-nizaciul da a.S problemaTa gamoc, procesi nela midis.

am konteqstSi Seiqmna reformis mxardamWer studentTa TviTorganizebuli moZraoba _ `studentebi akademiuri TavisuflebisTvis~, romelic 10-mde universitetis, maT Soris, samxatvro akademiis studentebs aerTianebs. aqamde am jgufis muSoba amiT Semoifargleba: ori Sexvedra gia dvalTan misi aq yofnisas, specialuri gverdi feisbukze (romelic Cven-Si Zalian popularuli mediaa, da aseve sivr-ce debatebisaTvis), jgufis wevrebis samiode statia am Temebze, romlebsac sakmaod mwvave diskusia mohyva. aseve _ intensiuri Sexvedrebi da mcdeloba studentebis mxridan, ukeT ga-erkvnen sakiTxSi, da moemzadon ufro farTo moZraobisaTvis. arsebiTad, am sakiTxis wamo-weviT studentebma SeiZleba moipovon legi-timacia, rogorc politikuri dRis wesrigis umTavresma ganmsazRvrelma, erTgvarma `meta-politikurma~ Zalam, romelic ar ekuTvnis ra romelime konkretul partias, Tavad karnaxobs politikur klass zogadad faseulobebs, eTi-kas, dRis wesrigs...

Cveni saerTo azriT, Zalian kargi iqneboda, Tuki es procesi kidev erTi ganzomilebiT ga-mdidrdeboda, da mxardaWeras yvelaze maRali rangis qarTveli mecnierebi da xelovanebi gamoxatavdnen _ upiratesad isini, vinc re-formirebul sistemaSi tenuarebad SegviZlia warmovidginoT. CemTvis gansakuTrebiT mniS-

vnelovania, rom am wreSi iyos artistic, da rasakvirvelia, pirvel rigSi Tqven Sesaxeb vi-fiqre.

ai, mokled yvelaferi, ris Sesaxebac Tqveni azris Setyoba gvainteresebs.

saukeTeso survilebiT,giorgi

gia eZgveraZe

giorgi gamarjoba, Cemi azriT qarTul realobaSi tenuaris

problema aqtualuria pirvel rigSi zogad-sa-zogadoebrivi fsiqologiis kuTxiT, anu masze tenuaris fenomenis SesaZlo gavleniT _ swor da nayofier balansSi mosayvanad.

tenuaris sistemis damkvidreba Cvens gare-moSi _ romelSic `pirovneba-sazogadoebis~ damokidebuleba jer aranairad ar aris ga-mokveTili da miT umetes dastruqturirebuli — mxolod wingadadgmuli nabiji iqneba. am pro-eqtis swori (anu adgilobriv specifikasTan mimarTebaSi) ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi is warmoaCens da gaamagrebs pirovnebis rols da rwmenas azrovnebis yvela ubanze, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania Cveni socialisturi warsulis mqone sazogadoebisTvis, sadac pirovneba da misi subieqturi damokidebuleba saganTan Tu problemasTan yovelmxriv iyo ugulvebelyo-fili. Cvens socialistur warsulSi xom yvela sazogadoebriv ubanze arsebobdnen mxolod ideologiis an ideologiasTan morgebuli li-derebi, pirovneba ki arsad figurirebda. dRe-sac asevea _ fsiqologiis Secvla xom yvelaze grZelvadiani amocanaa.

tenuaris principis dakanonebas namdvilad Seswevs Zala sazogadoebaSi daafuZnos pirov-nebis, rogorc damkvidrebul ideologiebTan an legitimirebul paradigmebTan SesaZlo da-pirispirebis Zalis fsiqologiuri faqtori. aman SeuZlebelia dadebiTi efeqti ar iqonios Cveni sazogadoebis momwifebis saqmeSi, sadac jer aranairad ar dgas dRis wesrigSi pirov-nebebis mier motanili muxtis aucilebloba _ pirovnebas (anu moulodnels) CvenSi aravin elis. Cveni sazogadoebis ase vTqvaT `erTiani progresuli moZraobis~ bazisi xom jer kidev Tineijeris pirvelad vnebebze dayrdnobili fsiqologiaa (sportuli xasiaTis siamaye da socialur sxeulSi ganzavebuli seqsualoba);

mxedvelobaSi unda

viqonioT, rom tenuaris

sistemas mravali nakli

aqvs. misi xarvezebi

gansakuTrebiT iseT

sazogadoebaSia saSiSi,

romelsac korufciisken

aqvs midrekileba, iseTSi

rogoric Cvenia, da

SeiZleba nomenklaturis

tipis struqturad iqces.


sazogadoeba

pirovnebis ze-sazogadoebriv Zalisxmevaze qarTulma garemom araferi icis, radgan al-ternatiuli impulsebis kultura CvenSi jer ar arsebobs.

pirovnebis suvereniteti, romelic tenuaris sistemas Semoaqvs, xelSeuxeblobis statuss aZlevs faqts, rom WeSmaritad SemoqmedebiTi cnobierebis Zalisxmeva, SesaZloa, sruli al-ternativa iyos sazogadoebrivad damkvidre-bul faseulobebTan _ es ki didi win gadadg-muli nabijia cnobierebis unifikaciis kvlavac mZlavri (socializmidan gamoyolili) tenden-ciis daZlevis gzaze (saubedurod CvenSi arse-buli orad ori diskursis saxe _ saeklesio da politikuri, erTxmad emsaxurebian aseTi uni-ficirebis saqmes). amitom, qarTuli sazogado-ebis socialur/moralur/fsiqikuri moumwife-blobis stadiaze, pirovnebis, rogorc mcnebis gamokveTis da misTvis sazogadoebaSi maRali statusis miniWebis saqmeSi, tenuaris sistemis ganxorcieleba did Zvras moitans da progre-sul nabijad unda iqnes moazrebuli.

magram... mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rom tenuaris

sistemas mravali nakli aqvs. misi xarvezebi gansakuTrebiT iseT sazogadoebaSia saSiSi, ro-melsac korufciisken aqvs midrekileba, iseTSi rogoric Cvenia, da SeiZleba nomenklaturis tipis struqturad iqces (amis ardamSvebi da makontrolebeli aparatis Seqmna kidev sxva problemaa).

dasavleTSi, kerZoT CrdiloeT amerikaSi _ sadac tenuars didi tradicia aqvT, man èli-taruli~ forma miiRo _ Cemi suliskveTebis-Tvis (Sen albaT mimixvdebi) sruliad miuRebe-li. rogorc sauniversiteto cxovrebis Sida mamoZravebeli socialuri meqanizmi is rutinis xasiaTis formad iqca gamokveTili kerpTayva-niscemluri niSnebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom me demokratias araviTari formiT ar vcnob — profesionalTa èlitaruloba~, romelic sazogadoebriv faseulobaTa Skalaze lamis gadamwyvet orientirad iqceva, CemTvis aseve sruliad Semzaravia.

iseT faqiz sxeulebSi, rogoric Semoqmede-biTi saswavleblebia (akademia, konservatoria, ...) tenuari da misi avtoriteti, garkveul si-tuaciaSi praqtikulad damRupveli SeiZleba iyos. tenuaris sistemis dakanonebis Semdeg, umaRles saswavleblebs unda hyavdeT tenuar-Ta garkveuli raodenoba, es prestiJis saqmea

da Tu Sesatyvisi kandidaturebi ar moipoveba (magaliTad Cveni akademiis SemTxvevaSi) eqneba adgili am `vakansiebis~ amovsebas `qarTuli gzebiT~.

mecnierebaSi, zogadi samecniero kvlevis dinamikis kardinaluri xazis ukuqceva SeuZ-lebelia (veraviTari `monstri tenuari~ ver daabrunebs fizikas niutonamdel kondiciaSi) — xelovnebaSi ki, sadac aranairi xazobrivoba ar arsebobs, erTma ukuRmarTma pirovnebam (re-trograd-marginalma an egocentrikma primiti-vma, ... `qarTuli gzebiT~ tenuarmiRebulma), SeiZleba xelovnebis mdgomareobis èpoqaluri ukansvla~ gaaxerxos _ daamuxruWos Semoqme-dTa mTeli generacia 10 an 15 wliT.

amasTan _ tenuaris cnebas ver movwyvitT sa-msafexurian akademiur ganviTarebas (asistent, asocirebuli, sruli profesori), romelic mizandasaxul konkurencias badebs da realur (ganmasrulebel) meqanizms sTavazobs karie-rizms. amerikelebisTvis, romelebic miznisken moZraoben da es mizani zustad da konkretu-lad esaxebaT (es aris gansxvaveba evropuli, daRlili da ukve absurdisken mzera natyorc-ni cnobierebisgan) karierizmi problemas ar warmoadgens _ karierizmi xom saerTo (pragma-tuli) miznis miRwevisTvis mSvenivrad muSaobs da qmediTi katalizatoria. Tavad es cneba amerikul konteqstSi arc ki gulisxmobs ua-ryofiT konotaciebs.

es aris is Zireuli fsiqologiur/filo-sofiuri mizezi, ris gamoc tenuaris sistema evropaSi ver gaxda popularuli.

amitom xelovnebaSi, sadac Semoqmedebis xa-risxisTvis daugegmavi da SemTxveviTi gamocdi-leba, spontanuri da Sinagan rwmenaze agebuli aqtivoba ganmsazRvreli da uaRresad sasurve-lia, grZelvadiani swavlebis (uvado kontraqts vgulisxmob) procesis rutinad qcevis saSiS-roeba maswavleblisTviasac da studentisTvi-sac mZime tvirTia.

magram, rogorc amboben, mglis SiSiT cxvari vis gauwyvetia _ zemoTmoyvanili msjelobiT da SiSebiT kacma SeiZleba yovelgvari moZra-oba dablokos, amitom riskis gaweva, koncef-ciaze seriozul muSaobasTan SeTavsebiT, au-cilebelia.

kritikuli mosazrebebi ar niSnavs Cems ua-ryofiT damokidebulebas procesTan, piriqiT, werilis dasawyisSi ganxiluli proeqti da iq aRniSnuli pozitiuri mxareebi CemTvis prio-

kritikuli mosazrebe-

bi ar niSnavs Cems uaryo-

fiT damokidebulebas

procesTan, piriqiT,

werilis dasawyisSi

ganxiluli proeqti da

iq aRniSnuli pozitiuri

mxareebi CemTvis priori-

tetulia. ise rom, am pro-

eqtis ganxorcielebas,

ra formiTac ar iqneba

saWiro, Cemgan yovelTvis

mxardaWera eqneba.


sazogadoeba

ritetulia. ase rom, am proeqtis ganxorcie-lebas, ra formiTac ar iqneba saWiro, Cemgan yovelTvis mxardaWera eqneba.

didi madloba, giorgi, da aseve gias da stu-dentebs, Cemi gansjis sWiroeba rom dainaxeT da Rirebulad TvliT Cems msoflmxedvelobas.

saukeTeso mokiTxvebiT,gia eZgveraZe

giorgi kevliSvili

batono gia,

Cveni urTierTobis sul dasawyisidan, Sesa-Zloa, es sulac pirveli werili iyo, kargad maxsovs Tqven mier aRniSnuli arsebiTi gansxva-veba Cvensa da dasavlur kulturebs, Tu azro-vnebis wesebs Soris _ rom CvenTan Tu adamianebi sistemebs, instituciebs aniWeben mniSvnelobas, evropuli cxovrebis centrSi pirovneba dgas. es mniSvnelovani dakvirveba CemTvis kriteriu-mia yvela im situaciaSi, sadac misi gamoyeneba marTebulia. dResac tenuirebaze msjelobi-sas, aSkaraa, rom Cven vgulisxmobT erTaderT rames: rom universitetSi wamyvani figura unda iyos Semoqmedi, vinc Tavisi SromiT, biogra-fiiT daamtkica, rom ara 9-dan 6-mde, aramed _ dReSi 24 saaTs, kviraSi 7 da weliwadSi 365 dRes _ mxolod sakuTar mowodebas uZRvnis. mxolod aseT adamianTa Soris SeiZleba moiZe-bnon isini, visac SeuZliaT realobad aqcion ideali, romelsac Cven vgulisxmobT.

Tavis droze Cemze aseve didi gavlena moa-xdina merab mamardaSvilis naTqvamma, rom `fi-losofiis swavlis erTaderTi gza arsebobs _ urTierToba cocxal filosofosTan~. es gamonaTqvami vfiqrob, rom sruliad marTebu-lia SemoqmedTan _ xelovanTan Tu mecnierTan dakavSirebiTac.

im situaciaSi, roca banaluri optimizmiT ar varT SezRudulebi da kargad gvaxsovs, rom `ar unda veZeboT ganaTleba univer-sitetebSi~, es meqanizmi erTaderTi swori gamosavali mgonia, rom universiteti imidan rac dResaa _ institucionalizebuli, for-malizebuli codnis tiraJirebis sivrcidan, sadac biurokratias ufro didi mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre azrovnebas da Semoqmedebas, Sesa-Zloa, iqces imad, rac mowodebiT da daniS-nulebiT unda iyos _ Sexvedris (da ara _ ko-

munikaciis) adgilad cocxal Semoqmedsa da im axalgazrdas Soris, romelic pirovnebad Camoyalibebis saTaveebTan dgas.

mSvenivrad mesmis, rom aseT pirovnebaTa-gan zogierTi, SesaZloa, yovelTvis ar pa-suxobdes molodins, magram rac ar unda ucnaurobani axasiaTebdes romelime konkre-tul adamians, es ver gaxdeba mizezi, ro-gorc Tqvenc ambobT, rom `mglis SiSiT fara gavwyvitoT~. alternativa Zalze martivia: sistema, indoqtrinaciis manqana, sadac Za-laufleba saSualo da ufro dabali niWis xelosnebs upyriaT xelT, Tu sivrce Tavi-suflebis SesaZleblobisTvis, sadac Tavisi mowodebis Sesabamisad mcxovrebi adamianebi urTierToben, da bunebrivia, arafers sxvas, garda am mowodebis ganxorcielebisaken svlisa, ar eniWeba mniSvneloba.

is mosalodneli sirTuleebi, romlebzec Tqven saubrobT, ra Tqma unda, centraluria im problemaTa Soris, romelic ueWvelad axla-vs tenuirebis meqanizmis damkvidrebas. erTi mxriv esaa safrTxe elitarul `ordenad~ Ca-moyalibebisa, im sulisSemxuTveli situaciis Seqmnisa, romelsac hese aRwers Tavis bolo romanSi, sadac ezoTeruli TamaSis kulti kas-tiliaSi SeuZlebels xdis spontanurobas da moulodnelobas, amdenad _ Tavad sicocxles, rac sabolood ueWvelad unayofo garjad aqcevs nebismier Zalisxmevas. da meore safr-Txe _ esaa Tavad ideis diskreditacia da pro-fanacia, roca TavisTavad swori idea _ misi maxinji, korufciuli surogatiT Canacvldeba, da mxolod apaTias da antagonizms dabadebs adamianebSi.

magram, rogorc Tqvenc aRniSnavT, esaa mxo-lod problemebi, romelTa gadaWrasac Tvi-Tdinebas ver mivandobT, da romelTa gamoc bevri Sroma mogviwevs. sinamdvileSi situacia iseTia, rom am Sromis gareSe Cven ueWvelad da garduvalad miviRebT tenuirebas saqarTve-loSi, misi maxinji, savaraudod, ufro meore saxis _ korufciuli formiT _ rogorc Tqven ambobT, `qarTuli gzebiT~. da Tqveni CarTvac procesSi amitomac mgonia aucilebeli, rom amisagan maqsimalurad davizRvioT Tavi.

arsebiTad, amocana SeiZleba Camoyalibdes ara rogorc `tenuirebis danergva saqarTve-loSi~, aramed _ rogor SevZloT, rom tenui-rebis garduvalobis pirobebSi, akademiuri Tavisuflebis mistifikaciis nacvlad miviRoT

mTavaria ara tenuire-

bis meqanizmis damkvi-

dreba _ rac TavisTvad

mxolod teqnikuri

momentia, kontraqtis

forma, aramed _ tenui-

rebis micema umaRlesi

rangis SemoqmedTaTvis.

am sityvaSi, iseve, ro-

gorc gia dvali, orives _

mecniersac da xelovan-

sac vgulisxmob.


met-naklebad sicocxlisunariani, ganviTareba-di viTareba, romelic ara instituciebisadmi rwmenas, aramed _ Cvens uwyvet Zalisxmevas da-efuZneba.

swored amitom mgonia swori amis im gziT svla, rogorc gia dvali fiqrobs, da rogorc Tqven saubrobT werilSi.

es niSnavs, rom mTavaria ara tenuirebis me-qanizmis damkvidreba _ rac TavisTvad mxolod teqnikuri momentia, kontraqtis forma, aramed _ tenuirebis micema umaRlesi rangis Semoqme-dTaTvis. am sityvaSi, iseve, rogorc gia dvali, orives _ mecniersac da xelovansac vgulisx-mob.

es umaRlesi rangi dgindeba ara konkretul universitetTa mier _ radgan dRes maT amis arc inteleqtualuri, arc teqnikuri resure-bi, xSird _ arc mzaoba ar gaaCiaT, aramed _ te-nuirebis saxelmwifo komisiis mier. es komisia Tavad ki ar aniWebs statuss, aramed mxolod Sualeduri rgolis rols asrulebs gare re-fereirebis principiT tenuarebis gamosavle-nad.

umTavresi kriteriumi, riTac es gamovlena unda moxdes, aris ara formaluri kriteriu-mebi (Tumca isinic iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli) aramed _ Semoqmedis originaloba. amis gansa-zRvris kompentencia ki, bunebrivia, aqvT ara biurokratebs, ama Tu im universitetis mmar-Tvelebs, aramed _ Tavad originalur Semoqme-

sazogadoeba

debs. komisia swored maTTvis, saerTaSoriso doneze informaciis miwodebas da Sefasebebis miRebas uzrunvelyofs.

yvelas gvesmis, rom es xangrZlivi, da Sroma-tevadi procesia. magram isini, vinc realurad arian dainteresebulni reformis warmatebiT, srulad iziareben gia dvalis pozicias imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ra sirTuleebsac ar unda wavawydeT, arafris fasad, aranairi pirobiT ar SeiZleba kompromisi xarisxTan, ar SeiZleba tenuarad miviCnioT ara umaRlesi rangis Semo-qmedi aramed _ `vincaa, maTgan saukeTeso~. es niSnavs, rom tenuari araa TviTmizani, da Tu orginaluri Semoqmedi ama Tu im sferoSi ar moinaxa, sxva gza araa, Tvali unda gavusworoT realobas da droebiT `utenuarobas~ davjer-deT.

rodesac aseTi adamianebi gamovlenilia, uni-versiteti axdens maT tenuirebas, saxelmwifo ki mxolod uzrunvelyofs maT Sesabamisi re-sursebiT.

aseTi viTareba gagrZeldeba sawyis etapze, manam, sanam universitetebi Tavad SeZleben da-moukideblad tenuirebas igive standartebiT, mas Semdeg, rac sxva universitetebTan gare re-ferirebis sistemaSi moeqcevian, rodesac uni-versitetis reputacia damokidebuli iqneba sxva universitetTa da mecnierTa Sefasebaze, da ara _ universitetis reqtorebis baqiaobaze aqaur televiziebSi.

fo

to l

evan

xer

xeul

iZe


sazogadoeba

Sromis usafrTxoebis jer ararsebuli politikaani WankotaZe

fo

to g

iorgi

gogu

a


sazogadoeba

2001 wlidan gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia 28 aprils samuSaos Sesru-lebisas daRupulTa xsovnis dRes aRniS-navs. am dRes organizacia aseve aRiarebs usafrTxo SromisaTvis brZolis dRed da wevr saxelmwifoebs usafrTxo Sro-

mis standartebis SemoRebisaken mouwo-debs.

Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis monacemebiT, msoflioSi yovelwiurad samuSao adgilze 2 milionze meti ada-miani iRupeba, 270 milioni dasaqmebu-li iRebs tramvas samuSaos Sesrulebisas da 160 milioni dasaqmebuli xdeba pro-fesiuli daavadebis matarebeli. Sromis msoflio organizaciis statistikiT, yovel TxuTmet wamSi erTi muSa kvdeba, dRis ganmavlobaSi 6 aTasi muSa iRupeba. samuSaos Sesrulebisas daRupul muSakTa raodenoba ki omis msxverplTa raodeno-bas aRemateba.

daRupvisa da dasaxiCrebis SemTxvevebi gansakuTrebiT xSiri industriul sawar-moebSia, romlis centrmac mesame samya-ros qveynebSi gadainacvla. siRaribe da dabali socialuri standarti, saxelmwi-fo struqturebis muSaoba Tu ufleba-damcveli organizaciebis sisuste aseT qveynebSi mdgomareobas arTulebs. Tum-ca, dasaqmebulebis samuSao adgilas da-saxiCrebisa da sikvdilianobis SemTxve-vebi araindustriul qveynebSic maRalia.

rogorc saqarTvelos profesiuli ka-vSirebis Tavjdomare, irakli petriaSvi-li ambobs, 2010 wels saqarTveloSi muSe-bis daRupvisa da dazianebis SemTxvevebi procentulad ufro maRali iyo, vidre CineTSi, rac miuTiTebs, rom daRupvisa da dasaxiCrebis sixSireze Sromis usafr-Txoebis standartebi metad moqmedebs, vidre warmoebis moculoba.

mxolod Sinagan saqmeTa saministros oficialuri statistikiT, 2007 wlidan dRemde saqarTveloSi 243 muSa gardai-cvala, 472 ki mZimed daSavda. Tumca, ro-gorc profesiul kavSirTa gaerTianebis warmomadgeneli, goCa aleqsandria ambo-bs, es sruli suraTi ar aris da am drois manZilze statistikis saTanado aRri-cxva ar xdeboda.

daSavebisa da gardacvalebis SemTxve-vebSi problematuria dazaralebulis ojaxisTvis kompensaciis miRebis saki-Txic. dazaralebulebi kompensaciis mi-Rebas umetes SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloSi xangrZilivi davebis warmoebis Semdeg axerxeben. aleqsandria xazs usvams, rom

Sromis saerTaSo-

riso organizaciis

monacemebiT, msoflioSi

yovelwiurad samuSao

adgilze 2 milionze meti

adamiani iRupeba, 270

milioni dasaqmebuli

iRebs tramvas samuSaos

Sesrulebisas da 160 mi-

lioni dasaqmebuli xdeba

profesiuli daavadebis

matarebeli.

maRaro WiaTuraSi


aseTi davebis warmoeba iseT resursebs ukavSirdeba, risi gaRebac profkavSire-bisTvisac ki mZimea, araTu calkeuli da-zaralebulis ojaxisTvis.

WiaTuraSi SuqurTis samTo-gamamdi-drebeli kombinatis profkavSirebis pirveladi organizaciis Tavjdomare, nugzar SeyilaZe 2011 wlis 7 ianvars momxdar SemTxvevas ixsenebs, rodesac maRaros cvlis ufrosi goCa asaniZe dai-Rupa. goCa asaniZe 1,5 kilometris siRr-mis gvirabidan fexiT gamosvlas cdilob-da, rodesac elmavali daejaxa. elmavals gafuWebuli hqonda ganaTebis farebi da muSa ver dainaxa. farnis elemente-bi damjdari hqonda asaniZesac. Tavad is faqtic ki, rom am siRrmis gvirabi-dan asaniZes fexiT dabruneba uxdebo-da, darRvevaa, radgan maRaros adminis-tracia valdebulia muSebis samgzavro vagonebiT gamoyvana uzrunvelyos. imis miuxedavad, rom asaniZis sicocxle ara-saTanado teqnikurma aRWurvilobam da SromiTi usafrTxoebis standartis darRvevam imsxverpla, jorjian margane-zis~ administraciam daRupulis ojaxis-Tvis kompensaciis gadaxdaze uari Tqva. `es gadaabrales elmavlis memanqanes, de-pos ufross, transportis ufrosis mo-adgiles da maT gadaaxdevines 5000-5000 lari. jorjian manganezma erTi kapiki ar gaimeta dazaralebulis ojaxisTvis, sanam sasamarTlom ar aiZula.~ _ ixsene-bs SeyilaZe. `sasamarTlos eqspertizis daskvnaSi weria, rom ubeduri SemTxvevis mizezi moZvelebuli elmavali gaxda. am elmavals mxedvelobis naklebi are aqvs da ganaTeba gafuWebuli romc ar yofi-liyo, elmavlis memanqane tragedias ver aicilebda. dRes ki igive tipis moZvele-buli elmavlebi Semoiyvanes `jorjian manganezSi~. vin aris pasuxismgebeli, rom momxdari aRar ganmeordeba?~ _ kiTxu-lobs profkavSiruli lideri.

goCa aleqsandria situaciis Sesacvle-lad aucileblad miiCnevs saxelmwifo organos Seqmnas, romelic gaakontrole-bs, ramdenadaa daculi usafrTxoebis pi-robebi sxvadasxva samsaxurebSi. es fun-qcia adre Sromis inspeqcias ekisreboda. Sromis inspeqcia `vardebis revoluciiT~

mosulma mTavrobam 2006 wlis ianvarSi Sromis kodeqsis SecvlasTan erTad gaau-qma ise, rom Sromis inspeqciis funqciebi sxva romelime organos ar SeuTavsebia. axali Sromis kodeqsi, romelic dRemde moqmedebs da uflebadamcvelebisa da sa-erTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan mka-cri kritikis sagania, aleqsandrias Tq-miT, usafrTxo Sromasac arasaTanadod icavs.

,,kodeqsis im TavSi, romelic Sromis usafrTxoebas exeba, samarcxvino Canawe-ria: iq weria, rom damsaqmebeli valde-bulia dasaqmebuls maqsimalurad usa-frTxo garemo Seuqmnas. aseTi Canaweris arseboba civilizebuli qveynisTvis dauSvebelia. `maqsimalurad usafrTxo~ varirebadi terminia _ viRacisTvis ma-qsimalurad usafrTxo garemos Seqmna SeiZleba mxolod CafxutiT uzrunve-lyofa iyos, viRacisTvis ki Cafxuti da qamari, romliTac simaRleze muSaobisas unda daemagros. Sroma unda iyos ara ma-qsimalurad, metad an naklebad, aramed savsebiT usafrTxo~ _ miiCnevs aleqsan-dria.

saqarTveloSi 28 aprilis aRsaniSnad da usafrTxo Sromis mxardasaWerad germaniis bundestagis wevri, klaus branderic Camo-vida. `liberalTan~ saubrisas man aqcenti Sromis usafrTxoebis standartebis da-nergvaSi saxelmwifos bunebriv interesze gaakeTa. `Zalian mniSvnelovania politi-kosebma gaigon, rom Sromis pirobebis gau-mjobeseba qveynis konkurentunarianobas ar Seamcirebs, aramed piriqiT. amis maga-liTi germaniaa: Cven uzrunvelvyofT, rom moqalaqeebi Rirseul pirobebSi Sromo-bdnen. swored aseTi midgomis SemTxveva-Si SeiZleba dasaqmebulebma Tavi mTliani procesis nawilad igrZnon, konkurentuna-rianad iSromon da qveyanac win waswion~ _ miiCnevs brenderi.

goCa aleqsandria ki aqcents usafr-Txo Sromis uzrunvelyofis ekonomikur efeqtze akeTebs. misi TqmiT, SesaZloa ,calkeuli damsaqmeblisTvis dasaxiCre-buli Tu daRupuli muSa did problemas ar warmoadgendes, radgan kompensaciis gadaxdis valdebulebis Tavidan acile-bas axerxeben, dazianebul muSas ki sxva

sazogadoeba

amJamad saqarTvelos

parlamenti ganixilavs

Sromis kodeqsis axal

proeqts, romelic

iuristebis SefasebiT,

ufro dabalansebulia

da dasaqmebulebis

uflebebs wina kodeqsTan

SedarebiT ukeT icavs.

Tumca, Sromis usafr-

TxoebasTan dakavSirebu-

li qveTavi proeqtSi wina

kodeqsidan ucvleladaa

gadmotanili.


mSromeliT iolad Caanacvleben. magram saxelmwifosTvis aseTi faqtebis gaxSi-reba wamgebiania, radgan moqalaqe, ro-melic adre Sromobda da biujetis kon-tributori iyo, Tavad xdeba biujetis momxmarebeli _ is dazianebis gamo pen-sias iRebs, daRupvis SemTxvevaSi ki mis ojaxs marCenaldakargulobis Semweoba eniSneba. amitom, aleqsandria miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifo mowodebuli unda iyos moqalaqeTa Sromisunarianobis Sesanar-Cuneblad da es sxvadasxva regulaciebiT ganaxorcielos.

amJamad saqarTvelos parlamenti ga-nixilavs Sromis kodeqsis axal proe-qts, romelic iuristebis SefasebiT, ufro dabalansebulia da dasaqmebule-bis uflebebs wina kodeqsTan SedarebiT ukeT icavs. Tumca, Sromis usafrTxoe-basTan dakavSirebuli qveTavi proeqtSi wina kodeqsidan ucvleladaa gadmota-nili. profesiuli kavSirebis gaerTia-nebaSi, romelic qveyanaSi dasaqmebulTa yvelaze msxvil asociacias warmoadgens,

sazogadoeba

imedovneben, rom Sromis kanondeblobis daxvewa etapobrivad gagrZeldeba da sa-momavlod Sromis usafrTxoebasTan da Sromis inspeqciasTan dakavSirebuli mu-xlebic Seicvleba.

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro ukve ganixilavs Sromis usafrTxoebis makon-trolebeli saxelmwifo organos Seqmnis ideas. rogorc `liberalTan~ saubrisas saministros Sromisa da dasaqmebis poli-tikis departamentis ufrosi paata Jor-Joliani acxadebs, amJamad uwyebaTaSori-si komisia kompeqtdeba, romelmac makontrolebeli organos koncefcia unda SeimuSaos. komisiaSi saministros warmomadgenlebTan erTad profesiuli daavadebebis institutis da Sromis hi-gienis kaTedris warmomadgenlebic Sev-len. Sromis inspeqcia moqmedebas sava-raudod 2014 wlisTvis daiwyebs. manamde ki saministroSi Sromis sakiTxebs Sromi-sa da dasaqmebis politikis axalSeqmni-li departamenti kurirebs.


fotoreportaJi


fotoreportaJi

"sistema unda daingres!"giorgi gogua


pirvel maiss mSromelTa solidaro-bis dRisadmi miZRvnil aqcias studen-turi gaerTianeba, laboratoria 1918 ramdenime kviriT adre aanonsebda. ma-Tive gancxadebiT es unda yofiliyo „mSvidobiani, magram xmauriani msvle-loba“, Tumca Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis win dawyebuli demons-tracia arcTu mSvidobianad damTavr-da.

aqciis monawileebma msvleloba varazis xevidan, aRmaSeneblis gamzi-ris gavliT daiwyes sakmaod Tamami da xmauriani SeZaxilebiT: „Zirs ka-pitaliszmi!“, „fulisgan jibeebi xom

ar giskdebaT, Rorebo“, „muSa da ara mona“.

transfarantebiTa da Sesasxurebeli saRebavebiT „SeiaraRebuli“ demons-trantebis msvleloba aRmaSeneblis gamziramde sakmaod mSvidad grZel-deboda, sanam policiasTan pirveli Sexla-Semoxla ar moxda. samarTalda-mcavebi momitinge axalgazrdebisagan gzis savali nawilis gaTavisuflebas iTxovdnen, razec uari miiRes. dapi-rispireba swored amis Semdeg daiwyo.

pirveli Setakebis Semdeg, msvle-lobas, romlis mowodebebic Tavidan, ZiriTadad, socialuri TemebiT Semoi-

fargleboda, axali lozungi daemata: „sistema unda daingres!“.

Tumca situacia sabolood manam ar gamwvavebula, sanam samarTaldamcave-bma pirveli demonstranti ar daaka-ves.

policielebi aqcias elbaqiZis aRmarTidan gzis gamyofi zolis gaswvriv mohyvebodnen. maTi raodeno-ba ufro da ufro izrdeboda, xolo rusTavelis gamzirze momitingeTa irgvliv ukve ramdenime aTeuli po-licieli da avtomanqana idga. aqciis organizatorebis dakaveba swored aq daiwyo, rasac samarTaldamcavebsa da

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demonstrantebs Soris fizikuri da-pirispireba mohyva.

policia, romelsac quCis erTi na-wili ukve mTlianad dakavebuli hqon-da, Jurnalistebis mimarTac sakmao simkacriT gamoirCeoda. „mSvidobiani Jurnalistebi Sua quCaSi ar dadian“ ambobdnen isini da cdilobdnen, re-portiorebi movlenebis centrisagan maqsimalurad moeSorebinaT.

aqciaze „laboratoria 1918“ is we-vrebis umravlesoba da ori Jurnalis-ti (me-9 arxisa da Jurnal „liberalis“) daakaves, Tumca yvela dakavebuli imave saRamos gaTavisuflda.

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fotoreportaJi


`Cven varT xelisufleba, es aris saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad

swori gza unda avirCioT. mivmarTav sazogadoebas, Tu

gindaT qaosi, mxari unda dauWiroT guSindel arasasiamovno

formebs. xolo Tu gindaT dawynarebuli, damSvidebuli

saxelmwifo, unda iyoT obieqturi da simarTlis mxares.

policiam sakmarisze meti moiTmina~.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministri irakli RaribaSvili 1 maisis

demonstraciis daSlis Sesaxeb

`videomasalaze dayrdnobiT SemiZlia vTqva, rom uzarmazari

progresia 7 Tvis ganmavlobaSi policiaSi, gansakuTrdebiT

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom isini igive adamianebi arian. aq

kargad Cans politikuri neba, rom ar unda cemo, ar unda

daasaxiCro da kulturulad mokido xeli“.

parlamentis wevri Tina xidaSeli

`me viReb politikur pasuxismgeblobas mimdinare

movlenebze. dRes, mTavrobis sxdomaze viTxove

uflebamosilebis SeCereba, sanam simarTle ar gairkveva

da am adamianebis udanaSauloba ar dadasturdeba.

mimdinare procesebSi nebismieri saxis Careva, zewola

da manipulireba Zalian cudi iqneba. vacadoT Sesabamis

organoebs daadginon simarTle. rac mTavaria,

gaviTvaliswinoT erTi ram _ udanaSaulobis prezumfcia~.

soflis meurneobis ministri daviT kirvaliZe

citatebi


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