1

Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I Sesavali sisxlis saproceso samarTalSiSesavali sisxlis saproceso samarTalSiSesavali sisxlis saproceso samarTalSiSesavali sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi

§ 1. § 1. § 1. § 1. sisxlis saprsisxlis saprsisxlis saprsisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba da miznebioceso samarTlis cneba da miznebioceso samarTlis cneba da miznebioceso samarTlis cneba da miznebi 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. materialuri da formaluri materialuri da formaluri materialuri da formaluri materialuri da formaluri sisxlis samarTali sisxlis samarTali sisxlis samarTali sisxlis samarTali materialuri sisxlis samarTali, romlis ZiriTad wyaros saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi warmoadgens, adgens sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels, gansazRvravs, Tu romeli qmedebaa danaSaulebrivi, da awesebs Sesabamis sasjels an sxva saxis sisxlissamarTlebiv RonisZiebas1. imisaTvis, rom danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi materialuri sisxlis samarTlis normebi funqciis gareSe ar darCnen da sisxlis samarTlis miznebi ganxorcieldes (rac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1-li muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Tavidan acilebasa da marTlwesrigis dacvaSi mdgomareobs), savaldebuloa kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli procesis arseboba, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadi qmedebis da danaSaulis Camdeni piris gamovlena, danaSaulis gamoZieba da damnaSavisTvis Sesabamisi sasjelis Sefardeba. aRniSnuli procesis maregulirebeli normebi amavdroulad mimarTuli unda iyos iqiTken, rom calkeuli individebis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad zustad ganisazRvros procesis mwarmoebeli saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosileba da maTi moqmedebis farglebi. swored es samarTlebrivi normebi qmnian sisxlis saproceso samarTals, igive formalur sisxlis samarTals, romlebic ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. maSasadame, materialuri da formaluri sisxlis samarTali erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia da avseben erTmaneTs. is, rac materialur sisxlis samarTalas ar miekuTvneba, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos maSin sisxlis saproceso samarTlis calkeuli normebiT da piriqiT. am or maTgans Soris mWidro kavSiri miT ufro ikveTeba, Tuki sisxlis samarTals samarTlis sxva dargebs SevadarebT. samarTlis sxva dargebSi materialuri samarTali moqmedebs da funqcionirebs yovelgvari procesis gareSec. rogorc wesi, xelSekrulebebis umetesoba sruldeba (Pacta sunt servanda) da davis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba saqme procesamde arc ki mivides. gansxvavebiT samoqalaqo da administraciuli samarTlisagan, sadac erTi mxaris ,,moTxovnas~ meore mxare rogorc wesi nebayoflobiT akmayofilebs da process mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi aqvs adgili, sisxlis samarTalSi procesis Catareba yovelTvis savaldebuloa. maSinac ki, rodesac damnaSave nebayoflobiT cxaddeba samarTaldamcav organoebSi da Cadenil danaSauls aRiarebs, sisxlis samarTlis procesis gareSe ver daekisreba mas sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifom, romelsac gaaCnia sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebaze absolituri monopolia, SeZlos danaSaulis Camdeni pirebisTvis materialuri sisxlis samarTlis normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis dakisreba, nebismier SemTxvevaSi unda awarmoos sisxlis samarTlis saqme sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad. amrigad, sisxlis samarTalSi, gansxvavebiT samarTlis sxva dargebisagan, materialuri samarTlis normaTa moTxovnebi formaluri samarTlis gareSe verc erT SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba. 1.2.1.2.1.2.1.2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis miznebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis miznebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis miznebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis miznebi Tanamdedrove demokratiul sazogadoebaSi damnaSavis dasjis monopolia mxolod saxelmwifos gaaCnia. danaSaulis Sedegad dazaralebul pirebs ekrZalebaT, rom samarTlianobis aRsadgenad Zaladobis da iZulebis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT Tavad

2

gauswordnen danaSaulis Camdens. amitom, saxelmwifos ekisreba Tavisi moqalaqeebis dacvaze zrunvis valdebuleba. amisaTvis man unda Seqmnas samarTlebrivi normebi, romlbic Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebs miscemen danaSaulis Camdeni pirebis devnis da dasjis SesaZleblobas. swored am gziT unda aRdges danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad darRveuli samarTlebrivi wesrigi da samarTlianoba. amavdroulad unda aRiniSnos, rom rac ufro meti Zalaufleba gaaCnia saxelmwifos danaSaulis devnisa da dasjis procesSi, miT ufro metia riski imisa, rom saxelmwifo organoebis mier uflebamosileba borotad iqnes gamoyenebuli da udanaSaulo pirebis mimarT ganxorcieldes sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna an usafuZvlod SeezRudoT calkeul pirebs uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. amis Tavidan asacileblad savaldebuloa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organos moqmedebis garkveul samarTlebriv CarCoebSi moqceva. am samarTlebriv CarCoeebs adgens sisxlis saproceso samarTali, romelmac udanaSaulo piri unda daicvas ukanono devnisgan da msjavrdebisgan, xolo damnaSaves unda misces wayenebuli braldebisagan Tavis dacvis farTo SesaZleblobebi. sasamarTlos ganaCeni mxolod maSin aris sisxlis saproceso samarTlis moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi, Tuki procesis formaluri garantiebi braldebulis sazianod ar darRveula. samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi sisxlis saproceso samarTlis moTxovnebis dacva iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc damnaSavis gasamarTleba da am gziT samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgena. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia gamovyoT sisxlis saproceso samarTalis Semdegi ZiriTadi miznebi: 1. danaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis realizacia; 2. samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesis uzrunvelyofa da 3. samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgena. 1.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.1. danaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis realizaciadanaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis realizaciadanaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis realizaciadanaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis realizacia rogorc ukve aRiniSna, TviTiusticia uaryofili da akrZalulia. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi materialuri sisxlis samarTlis normis daRvevis Sedegad dazaralebulsa (aseve sazogadoebasa) da (savaraudo) damnaSaves Soris warmoSobili `konfliqtis‘‘ mogvareba da samarTlianobis aRdgena, rogorc wesi, mesame neitraluri mxaris, `iusticiis‘‘ amocanaa. `saxelmwifo iusticia‘‘ valdebulia Caerios zemoaRniSnul konfliqtSi da dasajos damnaSave samarTlianobis da darRveuli samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRsadgenad, rac rogorc msxverplis, ise sazogadoebis interesebSi xorcieldeba. danaSaulis msxverpls SeuaZlia damnaSaves mosTxovos mxolod misTvis miyenebuli moraluri, fizikuri da qonebrivi zianis anazRaureba. Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-erT ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens, rom calkeul SemTxvevebSi ganisazRvros, Tu ramdenad warmoeSoba saxelmwifos danaSaulis dasjis uflebamosileba. garda amisa, sisxlis samarTlis procesis meSveobiT unda moxdes saxelmwifos am uflebamosilebis realizacia. ase magaliTad, sagamoZiebo organoebi danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis SemTxvevaSi iwyeben gamoZiebas da sxvadasxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis meSveobiT moipoveben mtkicebulebebs danaSaulisa da damnaSavis Sesaxeb. am gziT unda dadgindes, Tu ramdenad arsebobs saxelmwifos mxridan danaSaulis dasjis safuZveli. Tuki piris mimarT daiwyeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da sasamarTlo miiRebs gamamtyunebel gadawyvetilebas da dauniSnavs damnaSaves sasjels, amiT moxdeba ,,,,,,,,danaSaulis dasjis danaSaulis dasjis danaSaulis dasjis danaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos saxelmwifos saxelmwifos saxelmwifos uflebamosilebisuflebamosilebisuflebamosilebisuflebamosilebis““““ realizacia. aRsaniSnavia, rom damnaSavesTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli unda iqnes materialurad swori da samarTliani gadawyvetileba, radgan samarTlianoba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis umniSvnelovanesi principia. 1.2.2.1.2.2.1.2.2.1.2.2. samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesis uzrunvelyofasamarTlebrivi saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesis uzrunvelyofasamarTlebrivi saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesis uzrunvelyofasamarTlebrivi saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesis uzrunvelyofa sisxlis saproceso samarTlis amocana mdgomareobs agreTve damnaSavis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad gasamarTlebaSi. aRniSnuls eniWeba gansakuTrebuli yuradReba, radgan, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

3

meqanizmebiT arsebiTad izRudeba braldebulis piradi cxovrebis ufleba da kanoniT daculi sxva uflebebi. vinaidan, samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi dauSvebelia samarTlianobis yvelafris fasad miRweva, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebi sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi saxelmwifos Zalauflebas zRudaven calkeuli pirebis Tavisuflebis da uflebebis dasacavad. magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi, Tu is auaresebs braldebulis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, dauSvebelia da isini ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda emyarebodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul, aSkara da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas. aRniSnuli wesebi moqmedebs maSinac ki, rodesac braldebis mtkicebulebebis simcirisa da/an mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebis braldebis mxaris mier kanonis arsebiTi darRveviT mopovebis gamo procesualurad ver xerxdeba (aSkara) damnaSavis gasamarTleba da dasja. maSasadame, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principebze dafuZnebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi normebis dacvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba da igi xSir SemTxvevevSi aRemateba kidec simarTlis dadgenisa da samarTlianobis aRdgenis sajaro interess. amrigad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoeba procesualuri normebis dacviT warmoadgens ,,danaSaulis dasjis saxelmwifos uflebamosilebis“ efeqturad realizaciis winapirobas da amasTan erTad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mniSvnelovan mizans. 1.2.3.1.2.3.1.2.3.1.2.3. samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgenasamarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgenasamarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgenasamarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgena sisxlis samarTlis procesma danaSaulis Sedegad darRveuli samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgena unda uzrunvelyos. aRniSnuli miiRweva mxolod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvliT da aRsrulebiT. mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Seva da aRsruldeba, realizacias hpovebs materialuri sisxlis samarTali. materialuri sisxlis samarTlis realizaciis Sedegad ki miiRweva sasjelis (generaluri da specialuri) prevenciuli miznebi, rac darRveuli samarTlebrivi wesrigis aRdgenis umniSvnelovanesi winapirobaa. unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis xeluxleblad datoveba aSkarad usamarTloba iqneboda. amitom, SesZlebelia sasamarTlos kanonir ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba gadaisinjos axlad axlad axlad axlad gamovlnil garemoebaTa gamo.gamovlnil garemoebaTa gamo.gamovlnil garemoebaTa gamo.gamovlnil garemoebaTa gamo. maSasadame, sasamarTlos ganaCeni (aRniSnulSi moiazreba zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis saboloo gadawyvetileba, romelic gasaCivrebas aRar eqvemdebareba), iZens kanonier Zalas da rogorc wesi, masSi cvlilebebis Setana dauSvebelia. am principidan gadaxveva ki, rodesac saxezea axlad gamovlenili garemoebebi, gamomdinareobas samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos ideidan da warmoadgens gamonakliss. § 2. § 2. § 2. § 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis zogadi mimoxilvasisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis zogadi mimoxilvasisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis zogadi mimoxilvasisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis zogadi mimoxilva 2.1. 2.1. 2.1. 2.1. gamoZiebgamoZiebgamoZiebgamoZiebaaaa

sisxlis samarTlis procesi iwyeba gamoZiebiTgamoZiebiTgamoZiebiTgamoZiebiT. gamoZiebis dawyebis safuZvelia danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb eWvis arseboba. rogorc wesi, eWvi emyareba mesame pirebis mier policiaSi, sagamoZiebo organoSi an prokuraturaSi danaSaulis Sesaxeb ganacxadis gakeTebas. aseTi informaciis miRebis SemTxvevaSi (mniSvneloba ar aqvs informaciis wyaros) gamomZiebeli da prokurori valdebuli arian daiwyon gamoZieba (sssk-is 100-e da 101-e muxlebi). Tu Tavdapirvelad danaSaulis Camdeni piri ucnobia,

4

gamoZieba mimdinareobs danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebis mosapoveblad da danaSaulis Camdeni piris gamosavlenad. danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri, romlis mimarTac warmoebs gamoZieba, iwodeba braldebulad. braldebuli warmoadgens zogad termins, romelic gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiaze danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris mimarT. danaSaulis gamoZiebas, rogorc wesi awarmoebs gamomZiebeli, Tumca gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelad gvevlineba prokurori. igi uflebamosilia garkveul SemTxvevebSi sruli moculobiT Caataros gamoZieba. gamoZieba Sedgeba cakeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisgan, romlis meSveobiT xdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebis mopoveba. wardgenili braldebisgan Tavis dasacavad, gamoZiebis Catarebis ufleba eniWeba agreTve braldebulsac, romelic mtkicebulebebs moipovebs damoukideblad an damcvelis meSveobiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba, romlebic arsebiTad zRudaven piris kanoniT miniWebul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs (mag., Cxreka, farulis sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi), SesaZlebelia mxolod sasamarTlos nebarTviT. vinaidan, damnaSaveTa umetesoba cdilobs, rom miimalos da Tavi aaridos sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas, gaanadguros mis winaaRmdeg arsebuli mtkicebulebebi an sxvagvarad xeli SeuSalos gamoZiebas, aRniSnulis Tavidan asacileblad sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mTel rig iZulebis da aRkveTis RonisZiebebs (mag., dakaveba, dapatimreba, girao da a.S.). mas Semdeg, rac mxareebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sedegad Sekreben saWiro mtkicebulebebs sasamarTloSi sakuTari poziciebis mxardasaWerad, gamoZiebis procesi mTavrdeba da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis winasasamarTlo ganxilvis etapi iwyeba. 2.2. winasasamarTlo sxdoma2.2. winasasamarTlo sxdoma2.2. winasasamarTlo sxdoma2.2. winasasamarTlo sxdoma Tu prokurori uars ar ityvis sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaze da amasTan erTad gamoZiebis etapze mxareebs Soris ar dadebula saproceso SeTanxmeba, winasasamarTlo sxdomis Catareba yovelTvis savaldebuloa, vidre sisxlis samarTlis saqme sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadaecema. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadasacemad winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle unda darwmndes imaSi, rom braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili mticebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisxiT iZleva safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom danaSauli braldebulma Caidina (sssk-is 219-e muxlis 5-e nawili). winasasamarTlo sxdomis daniSnuleba pirvel rigSi procesis ekonomiurebis uzrunvelyofaSi mdgomareobs. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis winasasamarTlo ganxilvam saqmis arsebiTad ganmxilvel sasamarTlos da braldebuls usafuZvlo procesi unda aaridos Tavidan. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqveyno sisxlis samarTlis process braldebulis fsiqikisa da reputaciisaTvis arsebiTi zianis motana SeuZlia. sasamarTlos gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis miuxedavad, sazogadoebaSi mainc arsebobs garkveuli negatiuri damokidebuleba gamarTlebulisadmi, ramac SeiZleba mis karieraze da reputaciaze uaryofiTad imoqmedos. amitom, sasamarTlos winaSe mxolod is piri unda wardges braldebulis saxiT, romlis gasamarTlebis ufro maRali albaToba arsebobs, vidre gamarTlebis. 2.3. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva sasamarTloSi2.3. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva sasamarTloSi2.3. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva sasamarTloSi2.3. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvelaze mniSvnelovan etaps saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTi ganxilva warmoadgens. marTalia, gamoZiebis etapze mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi iZleva piris braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas, magram samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principebze dafuZnebul sisxlis samarTlis procesSi pirovnebis damnaSaveobasa Tu udanaSaulobis Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetileba mxolod sasamarTlom unda miiRos. sasamarTloSi saqmis

5

arsebiT ganxilvamde warmoebuli procesi pirvel rigSi miznad isaxavs mxareebis mier sasamarTlosTvis saboloo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad sakmarisi mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas. sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRniSnul etapze srulyofilad xdeba mxareebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva. Tuki sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom braldebulma braldebaSi aRwerili qmedeba Caidina, maSin mis mimarT gamoitans gamamtyunebel ganaCens. xolo, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos gauCndeba gonivruli eWvi braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT, man unda miiRos gamamarTlebeli gadawyvetileba, maSinac ki, roca ufro meti ram mis braleulobaze, vidre udanaSaulobaze metyvelebs (e.w. in dubio pro reo-s principi).

2.4. sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba2.4. sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba2.4. sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba2.4. sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba sasamarTlos ganaCenis sajarod gamocxadebis Semdeg igi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis da unda aRsruldes (sssk-is 279-e muxli). Sesabamisad, saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis Semdeg iwyeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis axali etapi - e.w. sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsrulebis etapi. sisxlis samarTlis aRniSnul etapze ganaCenis damdgeni sasamarTlo uzrunvelyofs ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebul procedurebis dawyebas, amasTan erTad ganixilavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa magaliTad, ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba, policiis organoebis meSveobiT msjavrdebulis Zebna da a.S. 2.5. sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba2.5. sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba2.5. sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba2.5. sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba sisxlis samarTlis procesis Semdgom etaps warmoadgens sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba, romelic moicavs apelacias da kasacias. rogorc wesi, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganaCeni saboloo ar aris da gasaCivrebas eqvemdebareba, Tuki kanoniT gamonaklisis saxiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili (magaliTad, gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni; xolo gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni SesaZlebelia erTjeradad sakasacio wesiT saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasaCivrdes, ix. sssk-is 266-e muxlis 1-li da me-2 nawili). imisdamiuxedavad, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni gamocxadebisTanave Sedis kanonier ZalaSi da aRsasruleblad mieqceva, kanoni mainc aniWebs mxareebs uflebas, ganaCeni gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT, Tu mas igi ukanonod an dausabuTeblad miaCnia (sssk-is 292-e muxli). saapelacio instanciaSi xdeba mxolod axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva. garkveul gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia wina instanciis sasamarTloSi wardgenili mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevac. swrafi da efeqturi sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelsayofad, saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gaauqmos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da mis nacvlad daadginos axali. amitom, saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlodan sisxlis samarTlis saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ar dabrundeba. aramarto pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos, agreTve saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba SesaZlebelia gasaCivrdes. am ukanasknelis gasaCivreba xdeba sakasacio wesiT, Tu kasatoris azriT igi ukanonoa. saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mier gamotanil ganaCens sakasacio wesiT ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata. mas Semdeg, rac mxare amowuravs nacionaluri sasamarTlos sxvadasxva instanciebSi sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivrebis yvela saSualebas, sabolood mas kidev aqvs SesaZlebloba, mimarTos adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos, Tuki mas

6

miaCnia, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoebisas dairRva adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis moTxovnebi. 2.6. axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjaxlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjaxlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjaxlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjvavavava maSinac ki, rodesac amoiwureba sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivrebis yvela saSualeba da ganaCeni aRar daeqvemdebareba gasaCivrebas, kanoni mainc iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom gadaisinjos da Seswordes sasamarTlos mcdari ganaCeni, Tuki saamisod gamovlindeba axali garemoebebi. sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRniSnuli stadia warmoadgens axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjvis stadias, romelsac mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba hqondes adgili. § 3. § 3. § 3. § 3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarosisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarosisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarosisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebiebiebiebi sisxlis saproceso samarTli efuZneba saqarTvelos konstitucias, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs da SeTanxmebebs, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqss da saqarTvelos sxva kanonebs. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarod gvevlineba agreTve saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebi da normebi. 3.1. 3.1. 3.1. 3.1. saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsisisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsisisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsisisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi da sxva kanonebida sxva kanonebida sxva kanonebida sxva kanonebi sisxlis saproceso samarTlis ZiriTad wyaros waroadges 2009 wlis 9 oqtombers miRebuli da 2010 wlis 1 oqtomberidan moqmedi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi (sssk). romelic adgens danaSaulis gamoZiebis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis ZiriTad wesebs2 da romelSic Tavmoyrilia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normaTa udidesi nawili. sssk Sedgeba zogadi da kerZo nawilebisagan. zogadi nawili moicavs 3 kars da Seicavs mTel rig zogadi xasiaTis porocesualur debulebebs:

- kari I.kari I.kari I.kari I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis kanonmdebloba da principebi; - kari II.kari II.kari II.kari II. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebi; - kari III.kari III.kari III.kari III. mtkicebuleba.

sssk-is kerZo nawili ki Sedgeba 5 karisagan da igi awesrigebs Semdeg procesualur sakiTxebs:

- kari IV.kari IV.kari IV.kari IV. gamoZieba; - kari V.kari V.kari V.kari V. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba, aRkveTis RonisZiebis SerCeva,

saproceso SeTanxmeba; - kari VI.kari VI.kari VI.kari VI. winasasamarTlo sxdoma da saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva sasamarTloSi; - kari VII.kari VII.kari VII.kari VII. calkeuli kategoriis saqmeTa warmoeba; - kari VIII.kari VIII.kari VIII.kari VIII. gardamavali da daskvniTi debulebani.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebs Seicaven da sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebad gvevlinebian aseve Semdegi kanonebi:

- ,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos organuli kanoni (2009 wlis 4 dekemberi);

2 sssk-s 1-li muxli.

7

- ,,faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos kanono (?); - ,,arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos

kanoni (2007 wlis 19 ivnisi); - ,,saaRsrulebo warmoebis Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos kanoni (1999 wlis 16 aprili); - patimrobis kodeqsi (2010 wlis 9 marti); - ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos kanoni (2008 wlis 21 oqtomberi); - ,,sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosTan saqarTvelos

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni (2003 wlis 14 agvisto). 3.23.23.23.2. saqarTvelos konstitucia. saqarTvelos konstitucia. saqarTvelos konstitucia. saqarTvelos konstitucia sisxlis saproceso samarTali gansakuTrebulad mWidro kavSirSia konstituciur samarTalTan. saqarTvelos konstitucia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi wyaroa. aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlis fuZemdeblur debulebebs gaaCniaT konstituciuri rangi, radgan isini pirdapir gamomdinareben konstituciidan da sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawile calkeul pirebs aniWeben garkveul procesualur garantiebs. aRniSnuli debulebebis ricxvs miekuTvneba magaliTad, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia (saqarTvelo konstituciis 40-e muxli), dacvis uflebis garantia (saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis me-3 punqti), erTi da imave danaSaulisTvis ganmeorebiT dasjis akrZava (saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis me-4 punqti) da sxva. sisxlis saproceso samarTalsa da konstitucur samarTals Soris mWidro kavSiri iqidanac gamomdinareobs, rom sssk, rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlis ZirTadi wyaro, iTvaliswinebs konstituciiT garantirebuli adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudvis safuZvlebs da procesualur wesebs. magaliTad, sssk-is 171-e – 174-e muxlebi iTvaliswineben konstituciix 18-e muxliT pirisaTvis miniWebuli Tavisuflebis xelSeuvalobis uflebis SezRudvis safuZvels da wess; agreTve sssk-is 119-e da 120-e muxlebi adgenen konstituciis me-20 muxlis me-2 punqtiT garantirebuli binisa da sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis SezRudvis safuZvlelsa da wess. maSasadame, sssk saqarTvesaqarTvesaqarTvesaqarTvelos konstituciis konkretizaciaslos konstituciis konkretizaciaslos konstituciis konkretizaciaslos konstituciis konkretizacias warmoadgens da amitom, mas gamoyenebiTgamoyenebiTgamoyenebiTgamoyenebiT konstituciur samarTalsakonstituciur samarTalsakonstituciur samarTalsakonstituciur samarTalsacccc uwodeben. konstitucia adgens im samarTlebriv CarCoebs ris farglebSic aris SesaZlebeli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebis interpretacia. 3.3. adamianis ufleba3.3. adamianis ufleba3.3. adamianis ufleba3.3. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciaTa evropuli konvenciaTa evropuli konvenciaTa evropuli konvencia nacionalur sisxlis saproceso samarTalze bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad imata saerTaSoriso samarTlis gavlenam. amis mizezia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis praqtikaSi farTo gamoyeneba da masSi garantirebuli adamianis uflebebis dasacavad adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosTvis mimaTvis SesaZleblobis arseboba. 1950 wlis 4 noembris adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, romelic evropis sabWos wevri qveynebisTvis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ZiriTad saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas warmoadgens, gansazRvravs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTalis procesis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs da aqedan gamomdinare, mas sisxlis saproceso samarTlisaTvis gaanCnia fuZemdeburi mniSvneloba. aRniSnuli dokumenti Seicavs umniSvnelovanes procesualur garantiebs, saxeldobr:

- wamebis, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis akrZalva (konvenciis me-3 muxli);

- Tavisufebisa da xelSeuxeblobis uflebis garantia (konvenciis me-5 muxli); - samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba (e.w. Fair-trial-principi, konvenciis

me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti); - udanaSaulobis prezumfcia (konvenciis me-6 muxlis 2-e punqti);

8

- braldebulisaTvis wardgenili braldebis arsisa da safuZvelis dauyovnebliv gacnobis ufleba (konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,a” qvepunqti);

- dacvis mosamzadeblad sakmarisi droisa da SesaZleblobebis qonis ufleba (konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,b” qvepunqti);

- damcvelis yolis ufleba (konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,c” qvepunqti); - kontradiqtoruli procesis uzrunvelyofis ufleba (konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3

punqtis ,,d” qvepunqti); - Tarjimnis ufaso daxmarebiT sargeblobis ufleba.

garda amisa, aRniSnuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmebi iTvaliswineben aseve calkeul procesualur garantiebs. magaliTad, me-7 oqmis me-2 muxli msjavrdebul pirebs aniWebs sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis uflebas; mcdari msjavrdebisTvis kompensaciis miRebis uflebas (me-3 muxli); xelmeored gasamarTlebis an dasjis akrZalva (me-4 muxli). evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis mier adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dacva imiT aris uzrunvelyofili, rom nebismier pirs aqvs ufleba konvenciiT an misi oqmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis darRvevis gamo mimarTos saCivriT adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos (konvenciis 34-e muxli). konvenciis 35-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo mxolod mas Semdeg miiRebs saqmes gansaxilvelad, roca piri samarTlebrivi dacvis yvela Sidasaxelmwifoebriv saSualebas amowuravs. Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom dairRva konvencia da misi oqmebi, mas ar aqvs imis samarTlebrivi SesaZlebloba, rom nacionaluri sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi gaauqmos. igi ar aris me-4 instanciis sasamarTlo. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daakisros saxelmwifos samarTliani dakmayofilebis gansazRvra, rac moicavs im perebisTvis ziani anazRaurebas, romelTa mimarTac dadgenili iqneba konvenciiT garantirebuli uflebebis darRveva. garda amisa, Tuki evropuli sasamarTlo piris mimarT konvenciiT miniWebuli uflebebis darRvevis faqts dadgens, dazaralebuls SesaZlebloba aqvs sssk-is 310-e muxlis ,,e‘‘ punqtis Sesabamisad, moiTxovos nacionaluri sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCenis gadasinjva axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo. amasTan erTad, evropuli konvenciis 46-e muxlis moTxovnaa, rom saxelmwifoebi unda daemorCilon evropuli sasamarTlos saboloo ganCinebas, romlis mxareebic isini arian. maSasadame, evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvtilebas savaldebulo Zala aqvs mxolod im saxelmwifoebisTvis, romlebic aRniSnul saqmeze mxareebs warmoadgenen. magram, es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier konkretuli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg miRebul gadawyvetilebas sxva saxelmwifoebisTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva saxelmwifoebi ar gaiTvaliswineben evropuli sasamarTlos moTxovnebs da maTi mxridanac adgili eqneba evropuli konvenciis msgavs darRvevebs, didi albaTobiT evropuli sasamarTlo maT winaaRmdegac miiRebs analogiur gadawyvetilebas da daadgens adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqts. amrigad, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs evropuli konvenciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebisTvis gaaCnia saxelmZRvanelo normatiuli funqcia, romelzec saxelmwifoebma sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoebis dros orientacia unda moaxdinon. 3.4. saerTaSoriso3.4. saerTaSoriso3.4. saerTaSoriso3.4. saerTaSoriso sisxlis saprocesosisxlis saprocesosisxlis saprocesosisxlis saproceso samarTalisamarTalisamarTalisamarTali saerTaSoriso sisxlis saproceso samarTali Sedgeba im saproceso samarTlebrivi normebisagan, romlebic sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso danaSaulis kategorias mikuTvnebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebebTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis dros. dReisaTvis arsebobs sami saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo. esenia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis (gaero) uSiSroebis sabWos mier Camoyalibebuli eqseqseqseqs----iugoslaviisaiugoslaviisaiugoslaviisaiugoslaviisa (ICTY) da ruandisruandisruandisruandis (ICTR) sisxlis samarTlis droebiTi saerTaSoriso tribunalebi da agreTve romis romis romis romis

9

statutisstatutisstatutisstatutis Sesabamisad daarsebuli sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamasisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamasisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamasisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlorTlorTlorTlo (ICC). romis statuti, romelic Seicavs saerTaSoriso matrialuri da procesualuri sisxlis samarTlis araerT normas, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebul iqna 2003 wlis 16 ivlisis dadgenilebiT, rasac Semdgomad mohyva Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobis statutTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana da agreTve ,,sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb“ 2003 wlis 14 agvistos saqarTvelos kanonis miReba. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo aris mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romelic uflebamosilia, ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba romis statutiT gansazRvruli Semdegi kategoriis danaSaulis saqmeebze: genocidi, adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli da omis danaSauli, xolo agresiis danaSaulis Semadgenloba jer ar aris gansazRvruli. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romlis adgilmdebareobac aris haagaSi, Sedgeba sam ganyofilebad dayofili sasamarTlosgan (saapelacio, sasamarTlo warmoebisa da winaswari warmoebis ganyofilebebi), prezidiumisgan, prokuroris kancelariisa da samdivnosgan. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosTvis saqmis gadacema SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifos ara aqvs SesaZlebloba an survili, Seasrulos statutidan gamomdinare saerTaSoriso valdebuleba, kerZod, mis teritoriaze an misi moqalaqis mier Cadenili erT-erTi zemoaRniSnuli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis mimarT, Tavisi saxelmwifo organoebis meSveobiT, ganaxorcielos efeqturi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da marTlmsajuleba (e.w. komplementarulobis principikomplementarulobis principikomplementarulobis principikomplementarulobis principi, statutis 17-e muxli). prokurori sasamarTlosgan damoukidebeli da gamoZiebis warmoebis uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili braldebis organoa. sisxlis samarTlis procesi SeiZleba daiwyos prokuroris gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, erT-erTi monawile saxelmwifos an gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos iniciativiT (romis statutis 13-e muxli). gamoZiebis procesis dasawyebad sakmarisi (gonivruli) safuZvlis (,,reasonable basis‘‘) arsebobis SemTxvevaSi (statutus 53-e muxli), prokurori saqmes gadaugzavnis winaswari warmoebis palatas, romelic piris sasamarTlosTvis gadacemis an sasamarTloSi nebayoflobiT gamocxadebis Semdeg gamarTavs zepir mosmenas braldebaTa dadasturebis Taobaze (confirmation hearing, statutis 61-e muxli). braldebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi, saqme gansaxilvelad gadaecema sasamarTlo warmoebis palatas, sxva SemTxvevaSi piris mimarT warmoebuli procesi Sewydeba an prokurors axali mtkicebulebebis wardgenas mosTxoven. rogorc wesi, sasamarTlo ganxilva mimdinareobs braldebulis TandaswrebiT (statutis 63-e muxli), romelsac uZRveba Tavmjdomare mosamarTle. Tavmjdomare mosamarTle valdebulia gonivrul vadaSi warmarTos procesi, uzrunvelyis samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilva da braldebulis uflebebis dacva. aRniSnuli uflebebis CamonaTvali mocemulia romis statutis Sesabamis muxlebSi, romlebic Seesabamebian adamianis uflebaTa zogad standartebs. sasamarTlo procesi efuZneba materialuri WeSmaritebis dadgenis princips da aqedan gamomdinare, adgili aqvs inkviziciur process, rac imas niSnavs, rom prokurorma WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT Tanabrad unda gaiTvaliswinos rogorc piris braleulobis, ise udanaSaulobis damamtkicebeli garemoebebi (statutis 54-e muxlis pirveli punqti). amasTan erTad, mosamarTles Tavadac SeuZlia moiTxovos calkeuli mtkicebulebebis warmodgena da igi WeSmaritebis dadgenisTvis mxareebis mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze ar aris damokidebuli (statutus 69-e muxlis me-3 punqti). SesaZlebelia gasaCivrdes sasamarTlos rogorc gamamarTlebeli, ise gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni (statutis 81-e muxli). statuti iTvaliswinebs agreTve, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis SesaZleblobasac (statutis 84-e muxli).

10

Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II sisxlis saproceso samarTlis zogadi principebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis zogadi principebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis zogadi principebisisxlis saproceso samarTlis zogadi principebi

§ 1. § 1. § 1. § 1. principebisprincipebisprincipebisprincipebis zogadi mimoxilvazogadi mimoxilvazogadi mimoxilvazogadi mimoxilva sisxlis saproceso samarTlis principebi warmoadgenen im ZiriTad saxelmZRvanelo debulebebs, romlebic gansazRvraven saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesis Sinaarssa da struqturas. aRniSnul principTa nawils kanonmdebeli ayalibebs sssk-is me-2 TavSi, romelTa ricxvsac miekuTvneba:

a) pirovnebis Rirsebis xelSeuvaloba (sssk-is me-4 muxli); b) udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis prezumfcia (sssk-is me-5 muxli);

g) adamianis konstituciur uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa aramarTlzomieri SezRudvis dauSvebloba (sssk-is me-6 muxli); d) sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba (sssk-is me-7 muxli); e) samarTliani procesi da swrafi marTlmsajuleba (sssk-is me-8 muxli); v) mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba (sssk-is me-9 muxli); z) sasamarTlo sxdomis sajarooba da zepiroba (sssk-is me-10 muxli); T) sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmwifo enaze ganxorcieleba (sssk-is me-11 muxli); i) kanoniereba da sasamarTlos damoukidebloba (sssk-is me-12 muxli); k) mtkicebuleba (sssk-is me-13 muxli); l) mtkicebulebaTa uSualod da zepirad gamokvleva (sssk-is me-14 muxli); m) Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba (sssk-is me-15 muxli); n) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciuloba (sssk-is me-16 muxli); o) bralis wayeneba dasabuTebuli varaudis safuZvelze (sssk-is me-17 muxli); p) ganmeorebiTi dakavebisa da msjavrdebis akrZalva (sssk-is me-18 muxli). am principebis erTi nawili miekuTvneba konstituciuri principebis kategorias, vinaidan isini saqarTvelos konstituciis Sesabamisi normebidan arian sssk-is me-2 Tavis calkeul muxlebSi gadmotanili (magaliTad, pirovnebis Rirsebis da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, mxareTa Tanasworob da SejibrebiToba da a.S.). nawils ki wminda procesualuri Sinaarsi aqvs da amitom, isini procesualursamarTlebriv principebad iwodebian (magaliTad, mtkicebulebaTa uSualod da zepirad gamokvleva, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciuloba). zemoaRniSnulis garda, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi moqmedebs agreTve sxva principebic, romlebic Tumca sssk-is me-2 TavSi ar arian aseTad pirdapir moxseniebuli, magram gamomdinareoben sisxlis saproceso samarlis calkeuli normebidan. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba magaliTad, kanonieri sasamarTlos principi (sssk-is 12-e muxlis pirveli nawili), sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis, igive oficialurobis principi (sssk-is 12-e muxlis me-2 nawili, 166-e muxli), aseve kanonierebis, igive legalurobis principi (sssk-is 12-e mxulis me-3 nawili, me-100 muxlis pirveli nawili), braldebis principi (akuzaciis principi) (sssk-is 17-e muxlis me-2 nawili), da sxva. Semdgomi ganxilvis sagani iqneba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis is principebi, romlebsac sisxlis samarTlis procesisTvis fundamentaluri mniSvneloba gaaCniaT da romlebic sisxlis saproceso samarTlis zogad principebad arian aRiarebuli. aRniSnuli principebia:

1. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principi;

2. braldebis (akuzaciis) principi; 3. kanonierebis (legalurobis) principi; 4. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis (oportunobis) principi; 5. kanonieri sasamarTlos principi;

11

6. SejibrebiTobis principi; 7. swrafi marTlmsajulebis principi; 8. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia; 9. samarTliani procesis principi; 10. saqveynoobis principi; 11. zepirobis principi; 12. uSualobis principi; 13. mtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis principi.

§§§§2. 2. 2. 2. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principi sssk-is 12-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas axorcielebs mxolod prokurori. mxolod prokurors aqvs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisa da ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosileba da ara calkeul moqalaqeebs (sssk-is 166-e muxli). maSasadame, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebaze monopolia gaaCnia mxolod saxelmwifos, romelsac igi axorcielebs ,,ex officio~ da ara dazaralebulisa da sxva pirebis survilis Sesabamisad. saxelmwifo reagirebas axdens yvela kategoriis danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, maSinac ki, roca dazaralebuls sxvadasxva mizezis gamo ar surs mis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulis dasja. dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs danaSaulis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs an gamovides sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmed. sxva mxriv mas araviTari zegavlenis moxdena ar SeuZlia sisxlis samarTlis procesis dawyebasa da dasrulebaze. aRniSnuli debuleba gamomdinareobs sajaro interesidan, rom Cadenili danaSaulebi ar darCes reagirebis gareSe. xSir SemTxvevebSi dazaralbuls ar aqvs survili an SesaZlebloba, rom Tavad ganaxorcielos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna danaSaulis Camdenis mimarT. amitom, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principi moqmedebs sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe. am principidan gamonaklisi arsebobda aqamde moqmed sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi, sadac arsebobda subsidiurisubsidiurisubsidiurisubsidiuri, kerZokerZokerZokerZo----sajarosajarosajarosajaro da kerZokerZokerZokerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnissisxlissamarTlebrivi devnissisxlissamarTlebrivi devnissisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxeebi. subsidiuri devnis dros, prokuroris mier braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSic dazaralebuls an mis warmomadgenels ufleba hqondaT sasamarTloSi mxari daeWiraT winandel braldebas. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar wydeboda da bralmdeblad procesSi dazaralebuli gvevlineboda (sssk-is Zveli redaqciis 25-e muxli). kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis damaxasiaTebeli niSani iyo is, rom calkeuli kategoriis danaSaulebebis saqmeze (magaliTad, 139-e, 153-e, 157-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi da sxva) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna iwyeboda mxolod dazaralebulis saCivris safuZvelze (sssk-is Zveli redaqciis 26-e muxli). kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna niSnavda imas, rom ssk-is 120-e da 125-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulTa Camdeni pirebis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna iwyeboda mxolod dazaralebulis saCivris safuZvelze da igi unda Semwydariyo braldebulTan dazaralebulis Serigebis gamo (sssk-is Zveli redaqciis 26-e muxli). amrigad, adre moqmed sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi dazaralebuls gaaCnda calkeul SemTxvevebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis da warmoebis privilegia, rac moqmedi sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT aRar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

swored sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxelmwifo monopoliis (oficialurobis) principi ganasxvavebs sisxlis samarTlis process samoqalaqo samarTlis procesisgan, sadac moqmedebs e.w. dispoziciurobisdispoziciurobisdispoziciurobisdispoziciurobis principi. am principis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmis warmoebis dawyebisa da Semgomi msvlelobis sakiTxs moqalaqeebi (mxareebi) Tavad wyveten (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-3 muxli). §§§§3. 3. 3. 3. braldebis (akuzaciis) principibraldebis (akuzaciis) principibraldebis (akuzaciis) principibraldebis (akuzaciis) principi

12

braldebis, igive akuzaciis3 principis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs Sesabamisi braldebis arsebobis gareSe gaasamarTlos pirovneba. sasamarTlos Tvalwinac rom Caidinos pirma danaSauli, sasamarTlo araa uflebamosili, daakisros mas sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tu mas saTanado wesiT brals ar wauyeneben. aRniSnuli principi qarTuls sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi moqmedebs yvelanairi gamonaklisebis gareSe. danaSaulis CadenasTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTalwaromebis dawyebis iniciativa arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar unda modiodes mosamarTlesgan. saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis safuZvelia yovelTvis pirisTvis bralis wayeneba, romelic sssk-is 17-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Sesabamisad, mxolod prokuroris uflebamosilebaa; mxolod am ukanasknels gaaCnia braldebis monopoliabraldebis monopoliabraldebis monopoliabraldebis monopolia. sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas prokuroris amocanaa danaSaulis Camdeni pirisTvis bralis wayeneba da braldebis dasadastureblad gamoZiebis gziT mticebulebebis Sekreba. braldebulis damnaSaved cnoba da misTvis sasjelis daniSvna ki damoukidebeli organos, sasamarTlos kompetenciaa. maSasadame, braldebis principis Sinaarsi mokled SeiZleba Semdegnairad gadmovceT: ,,,,,,,,nemo iudex sine actorenemo iudex sine actorenemo iudex sine actorenemo iudex sine actore~~~~, anu ,,,,,,,,araviTari mosamarTle bralmdeblis gareSe~araviTari mosamarTle bralmdeblis gareSe~araviTari mosamarTle bralmdeblis gareSe~araviTari mosamarTle bralmdeblis gareSe~. braldebis principis sapirispiro principia inkviziciis principiinkviziciis principiinkviziciis principiinkviziciis principi, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom mxolod erT pirovnebaSia Tavmoyrili danaSaulis gamoZiebis, pirisTvis braldebis wayenebisa da Semdgomad misi gasamarTlebis funqcia. aRniSnuli principi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebda mraval qveyanaSi. mogvianebiT igi uaryofili iqna da cal-calke Camoyalibda bralmdeblisa da mosamarTlis funqciebi, radgan mosamarTlis inkviziciuri saqmianoba araobieqturi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis realurs safrTxes qmnida. mosamarTle, romelic Tavad iZiebs danaSauls, Tavadve sdebs pirovnebas brals da Semdeg asamarTlebs, Znelad SeiZleboda iyos miukerZoebeli da obieqturi. amasTan erTad, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis warmomadgnlebi advilad SeZlebdnen sisxlis samarTlis procesis mimdinareobaze da Sedegze zegavlenis moxdenas. amitom, liberaluri sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi miRwevaa, braldebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis funqciebis or erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel organoze ganawileba. §§§§4. 4. 4. 4. kanonierebis (legalurobis) principikanonierebis (legalurobis) principikanonierebis (legalurobis) principikanonierebis (legalurobis) principi aRniSnuli principi samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos ideis erTgvari gamoxatulebaa, romelsac farTo da viwro gageba gaaCnia. kanonierebis (legalurobis) principi farTo gagebiTfarTo gagebiTfarTo gagebiTfarTo gagebiT avaldebulebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela monawiles sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dagenili moTxovnebis dacvas da Sesrulebas (sssk-is 12-e muxlis me-3 nawili). aramarto sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebisTvis, aramed sisxlis samarTliis saqmis mwarmoebeli pirebisTvisac aris savaldebulo kanonis Sesabamisad moqmedeba. es moTxovna, kanonierebis (legalurobis) principis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiaze Tanabrad moqmedebs. radgan, danaSaulis dasjis monopolia mxolod saxelmwifos xelSia, man imazec unda izrunos, rom vinmes mier danaSaulis Cadena saTanado reagirebis gareSe ar darCes da amas saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan Sesabamisi reaqcia mohyves. amitom, kanonierebis (legalurobis) principi viwro gagebiTviwro gagebiTviwro gagebiTviwro gagebiT danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis SemTxvevaSi prokurors da gamomZiebels avaldebulebs gamoZiebis dawyebas (sssk-is me-100 muxlis pirveli nawili). maSasadame, aRniSnuli debuleba kanonierebis princips kidev ufro afarToebs da amavdroulad mis Sinaarssac akonkretebs. kanoni prokuraturisa da gamoZiebis organoebs ara marto sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis uflebamosilebas aniWebs, aramed igi maT avaldebulebs kidec, rom saTanado winapirobebis arsebobisas daiwyon da awarmoon gamoZieba.

3 accusare laTinuri sityvaa da braldebas niSnavs.

13

dasavleT evropis zogierTi qveynis4 sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi kanonierebis (legalurobis) principi prokuraturas gamoZiebis dawyebasTan erTad avaldebulebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebasac da aseve sakmarisi safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis sasamarTlosTvis gadacemas. msgavsi Sinaarsi gaaCnda kanonierebis (legalurobis) princips saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso samarTalSic 2010 wlis 1 oqtombramde. manamde moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 22-e, 413-e muxlebisa da 416-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Sesabamisad, prokuratura valdebuli iyo gamoZiebis dawyebasTan erTad, daewyo aseve sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da gamoZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqme sabraldebo daskvnasTan erTad gadaegzavna sasamarTloSi. moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, prokuraturasa da sagamoZiebo organoebs darCaT mxolod gamoZiebis dawyebis valdebuleba. §§§§5. 5. 5. 5. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis (oportunobis) princisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis (oportunobis) princisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis (oportunobis) princisisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis (oportunobis) principipipipi Tu kanonierebis (legalurobis) principi prokuraturas gamoZiebis dawyebis valdebulebas akisrebs, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis diskreciulobis, igive oportunobis principi (sssk-is 16-e muxli) uflebas aniWebs am ukanasknels, gakeTos arCevani sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebasa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas Soris. mas aRniSnuli arCevanis gakeTebis ufleba im SemTxvevaSic aqvs, rodesac mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisxiT miuTiTeben piris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze. amrigad, gansxvavebiT gamoZiebis dawybis valdebulebisagan, sixlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis valdebuleba qarTul sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi ar arsebobs. prokurors gaaCnia SeuzRudavi diskrecia sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas. igi aRniSnul gadawyvtilebas iRebs sajaro interesidan da saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis politikidan gamomdinare. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebaze uaris Tqmis an dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva, magaliTad, roca saxezea naklebi mniSvnelobis mqone danaSauli, sadac piris braleulobis xarisxi dabalia, an roca gamoZiebis gziT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi ar aris sakmarisi piris braleulobis dasamtkiceblad da a.S. oportunobis principi prokuraturis resursebis racionalur gamoyenebas uwyobs xels. naklebi mniSvnelobisa da prioritetis mqone danaSaulis saqmeebze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ar ganxorcielebis xarjze, prokuraturas eZleva saSualeba mTeli aqcenti gadaitanos iseTi danaSaulis saqmeebze, romlebzec maRalia sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sajaro interesi da ganaxorcielos maTi ufro efeqturi devna. amrigad, oportunobis principis mizania, erTi mxriv, uzrunvelyos sisxlis samarTlis procesis ekonomiuroba da efeqturoba da meore mxriv, ,,de faqto dekriminalizacia’’5 moaxdinos iseTi umarTlobebis, romlebic calkeul SemTxvevebSi ar moiTxoven saxelmwifos mxridan sisxlissamarTlebriv reagirebas. §§§§6 . 6 . 6 . 6 . kanonieri sasamarTlos principikanonieri sasamarTlos principikanonieri sasamarTlos principikanonieri sasamarTlos principi kanonieri sasamarTlos ufleba erT-erTi konstituciuri uflebaa da warmoadens samarTliani saxelmwifos umiSvnelovanes nawils. saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, piri unda gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis piri unda gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis piri unda gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis piri unda gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis

4 magaliTad, germania, italia, espaneT, avstria. 5 gansxvavebiT ,,de daqto dekriminalizaciisgan‘‘, ,,de iure dekriminalizacia‘‘ gulisxmobs kanonmdeblis mier konkretuli qmedebisTvis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gauqmebas.

14

iurisdiqciasac eqvemdebareba misi saqmeiurisdiqciasac eqvemdebareba misi saqmeiurisdiqciasac eqvemdebareba misi saqmeiurisdiqciasac eqvemdebareba misi saqme (ix. aseve sssk-is 12-e muxlis pirveli nawili). amasTan erTad, daudaudaudauSvebelia sagangebo an specialuri sasamarTloebis SeqmnaSvebelia sagangebo an specialuri sasamarTloebis SeqmnaSvebelia sagangebo an specialuri sasamarTloebis SeqmnaSvebelia sagangebo an specialuri sasamarTloebis Seqmna (saqarTvelos konstituciis 83-e muxlis me-4 punqti). ar SeiZleba vinmes aRekveTos aRniSnuli ufleba. sasamarTlos uflebamosileba da gansjadoba kanoniT aucileblad unda iyos naTlad daregulirebuli da winaswar gansazRvruli, Tu konkretulad romeli sasamarTlos iurisdiqcias ganekuTvneba calkeuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilva, raTa marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorcielebel organoTa saqmianobaSi gareSe pirebis mxridan Careva da am mxriv yovelgvari manipulacia gamoiricxos. kanonieri sasamarTlos principis darRvevas adgili eqneba magaliTad maSin, rodesac pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gansjadi sisxlis samarTlis saqme gansaxilvelad gadaegzavneba saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlos an piriqiT, an Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs sasamarTlos ukanono Semadgenloba. Tuki gamovlindeba aseTi garemoeba, SesaZlebelia am safuZvliT kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCenis gadasinjva (sssk-is 310-e muxlis ,,b” punqti). §§§§7. 7. 7. 7. SejibrebiTobis principiSejibrebiTobis principiSejibrebiTobis principiSejibrebiTobis principi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave sisxlis samarTlis procesi xorcieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze. SejibrebiToba mxareebs Soris garantirebulia, rogorc gamoZiebis, ise saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis stadiaze (ix. sssk 25-e muxli). aRniSnuli principi Tanabar mdgomareobaSi da pirobebSi ayenebs mxareebs maT mier mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis, mosamarTlis winaSe maTi warmodgenis, gamokvlevisa da analizis mxriv. SejibrebiTobis principis mTavari arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba, mowmeTa moZieba, maTi sasamarTloSi dabareba da mtkicebulebebis sasamarTloSi prezentacia mxolod braldebisa da dacvis mxaris kompetenciaa. gamoZiebis stadiaze braldebis da dacvis mxares unda gaaCndeT Tanabari procesualuri SesaZleblobebi mtkicebulebaTa mosapoveblad. braldebuls da mis damcvels eniWebaT uflebamosileba paralelurad da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis mwarmoebeli organosgan damoukideblad gamoavlinon da Seagrovon is monacemebi, romlebic sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos braldebis gamaqarwylebel mtkicebulebaTa saxiT. saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTad ganxilvis etapze ki sasamarTlom, romelsac braldebis damadasturebeli an dacvis xelSemwyobi mtkicebulebaTa damoukideblad mopoveba da gamokvleva ekrZaleba, ganaCens safuZvlad unda daudos mxolod mxareebis mier warmodgenili da gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebi (judex secundam allegata et probata a partibus judicare debetjudex secundam allegata et probata a partibus judicare debetjudex secundam allegata et probata a partibus judicare debetjudex secundam allegata et probata a partibus judicare debet). antagonisturi mxareebi warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT sakuTar mosazrebas ayalibeben, romelsac Semdgom saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebisas neitraluri mosamarTle (nafici msajuli) afasebs. amrigad, SejibrebiTi da Tanaswori procesis pirobebSi sasamarTlo, romelic Tavad ar eZebs gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis relevantur mtkicebulebebs da Semoifargleba mxolod mxareTa mier warmodgenili da gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebiT, uzrunvelyos mxareebs Soris ,,samarTlianobis sasworis~ pinis Tanabar mdgomareobas. SejibrebiTobis principis sapirispiro principi cnobilia e.w. sagamoZiebo sagamoZiebo sagamoZiebo sagamoZiebo (inkviziciuri) principis(inkviziciuri) principis(inkviziciuri) principis(inkviziciuri) principis saxeliT, romelic damaxasiaTebelia kontinenturi evropis samarTlis sistemis mqone qveynebis sisxlis samarTlis procesisTvis. sagamoZiebo (inkviziciuri) procesSi saqmis garemoebaTa gamokvlevis privilegia ara mxareebs, aramed sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mwarmoebel saxelmwifo organoebs ekuTvnis. rogorc gamoZiebis, ise sasamarTlo procesi atarebs inkviziciur xasiaTs. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organos akisria valdebuleba ex officioex officioex officioex officio gamoarkvios braldebulis mamxilebeli da aseve gamamarTlebeli garemoebebi. SejibrebiTi procesisgan gansxvavebiT, mosamarTle damoukideblad atarebs sruli moculobiT

15

sasamarTlo gamoZiebas da am gziT adgens e.w. ,,,,,,,,materialur WeSmaritebasmaterialur WeSmaritebasmaterialur WeSmaritebasmaterialur WeSmaritebas~~~~. mosamarTle saqmis ganxilvis dros ar izRudeba mxareTa SuamdgomlobebiT da mosazrebebiT. igi uflebamosilia da amavdroulad valdebulic, WeSmaritebis dasadgenad moipovos da gamoikvlios yvela mniSvnelovani mtkicebuleba, maT Soris isinic, romelic mxareebs ar warmoudgeniaT an ar gamouTxoviaT. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv literaSi mecnierTa erTi nawili sagamoZiebo (inkviziciuri) process WeSmaritebis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT SejibrebiT procesTan SedarebiT ukeTes modelad miiCnevs. araerTi Teoretikosi miuTiTebs imaze, rom SejibrebiTi procesis pirobebSi sasamarTlo mxolod ,,pasiuri arbitris~ rols TamaSobs da saqmis garemoebebis srulyofili gamokvlevis SesaZleblobas aris moklebuli. mosamarTle, romelic Semoifargleba mxolod braldebisa da dacvis mxaris mier mopovebuli masalebiT, gadawyvetilebas iRebs imis mixedviT, Tu romelma mxarem warmoadgina ukeTesi argumentebi. amitom, SejibrebiTi procesis mizani ara materialurimaterialurimaterialurimaterialuri, aramed formaluri WeSmaritebisformaluri WeSmaritebisformaluri WeSmaritebisformaluri WeSmaritebis dadgenaSia danaxuli. aRniSnul mosazrebas hyavs Tavisi mowinaaRmdegeebic, romlebic SejibrebiTi procesis modelis upiratesobaze saubroben da Tvlian, rom es ukanasknelic aseve ,,materialuri WeSmaritebis~ dadgenisaken aris mimarTuli. maT miaCniaT, rom SejibrebiT procesSi WeSmariteba mxareebis mier mowmeTa jvaredini dakiTxvis gziT dgindeba. simarTle ukeTesad dgindeba maSin, rodesac mxareebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb Tavis Sexedulebas damoukideblad ayalibeben da amasTanave mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier moyvanili argumentebis sisusteze miuTiTeben. amdenad, SejibrebiT procesSi adgili aqvs mtkicebulebaTa orkvalovan gamokvlevas, romlis drosac erTi mxaris mier gamokvleuli mtkicebuleba paralelurad kritikulad mowmdeba mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier. aseT pirobebSi saqmisTvis kidev ufro meti mniSvnelovani garemoebis da detalis gamovlena xdeba, vidre es inkviziciur procesis dros aris SesaZlebeli. garda amisa, braldebuli da bralmdebeli Tanabar procesualur doneze dganan da braldebuls farTo procesualuri SesaZleblobebi gaaCia Tavis sasargeblod mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebaze gavlenis mosaxdenad. amitom, braldebuls SejibrebiT procesSi ,,,,,,,,procesis subieqtis~procesis subieqtis~procesis subieqtis~procesis subieqtis~ ufro maRali xarisxi gaaCnia. SejibrebiTi procesis momxreebi amasTan erTad uaryofen mosamarTlis ,,pasiuri msmenelis~ funqciasac da miaCniaT, rom mas sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros simarTlis dasadgenad farTo uflebebi aqvs miniWebuli. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT isini miuTiTeben mosamarTlis uflebebze: uxelmZRvanelos sasamarTlo sxdomas, daakvirdes mxareTa mier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevas da misi Sevsebis mizniT mxareebis TanxmobiT calkeul SemTxvevebSi Tavadac dausvas mowmeebs damazustebel kiTxvebi, sabolood ki misces nafic msajulebs ganmartebebi. §§§§8. 8. 8. 8. swrafi marTlmsajulebis principiswrafi marTlmsajulebis principiswrafi marTlmsajulebis principiswrafi marTlmsajulebis principi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis daCqarebuli ganxilva samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principidan gamomdinareobs. rogorc cnobilia, sisxlis samarTlis procesi gansakuTrebuli zianis momtania braldebulis pirovnebisTvis da amasTanave, igi arsebiTad uzRudavs mas calkeul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. amitom, braldebuls gaaCnia samarTliani pretenzia imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misTvis wargdenili braldebis Taobaze saboloo gadawyvetileba gonivrul vadaSi iqnes miRebuli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mokle vadaSi ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis aucileblobis sakiTxi miT ufro TvalsaCinoa, rodesac braldebuli patimrobaSi imyofeba. gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve is garemoebac, rom drois gasvlasTan erTad mcirdeba mtkicebulebebis mtkicebiTi Rirebuleba (magaliTad, mowmes uWirs aRidginos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT calkeuli detalebi), aseve miT ufro iklebs sasjelis prevenciuli mniSvneloba, rac ufro didia drois Sualedi danaSaulis Cadenasa da damnaSavisTvis sasjelis daniSvnas Soris. gansaxilveli principi asaxvas hpovebs sssk-is me-8 muxlSi, romelis me-2 nawili braldebuls swrafi marTlmsajulebis uflebas aniWebs, xolo me-3 nawili ki

16

sasamarTlos im sisxlis samarTlis saqmis prioritetulad ganxilvas avaldebulebs, romelSic braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT gamoyenebulia patimroba. aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirvel punqtiT Sesabamisad, yvelas aqvs gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba. garda amisa, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis calkeuli debulebebiT uzrunvelyofilia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mokle vadebSi ganxilva. magaliTad, sssk-is me-100 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebelma gamoZiebis dawyebis Taobaze dauyovnebliv unda acnobos prokurors; sssk-is 103-e muxlis mixedviT, gamoZieba unda warimarTos gonivrul vadaSi; sssk-is 208-e muxlis me-3 nawili adgens, rom winasasamarTlo sxdoma unda gaimarTos piris dakavebidan an braldebulad cnobidan 60 dRis ganmavlobaSi da a.S. sisxlis samarTlis procesisTvis dadgenili gonivruli vadis aTvla iwyeba rogorc wesi, piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis momentidan da mTavrdeba sasamarTlos mier saboloo ganaCenis gamotaniT. maSasadame, swrafi marTlmsajulebis princips gaaCnia Tanabari mniSvneloba, rogorc gamoZiebis etapisTvis, ise saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTad ganxilvis stadiisTvis. sasamarTlo ganxilva sssk-is 185-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, unda ganxorcieldes uwyvetad. saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis procesi warmoadgens erTian da uwyvet process maSinac ki, rodesac igi ramodenime dRe grZeldeba. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas adgili unda hqondes mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, raTa sasamarTlo procesma ar dakargos uwyveti xasiaTi. saproceso literaturaSi gamoTqmulia Sexeduleba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom drois didi monakveTis arseboba qmedebis Cadenidan sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamotanamde braldebulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel garemoebad unda iqnes miCneuli. amrigad, saxelmwifo organoebis braliT procesis gaWianureba braldebulis sasargeblod sasamarTlos ganaCenSi Sesabamisad unda aisaxos. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivrulobas afasebs TiToeul saqmeSi mocemuli konkretuli garemoebebis mixedviT, kerZod, saqmis sirTulis, ganmcxadeblisa da xelisuflebis Sesabamisi organoebis qmedebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTan, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo prokuraturis organoebisa da sasamarTloebis gadatvirTvas saqmeTa didi raodenobiT samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebis gamamarTlebel garemoebad ar miiCnevs da aRniSnavs, rom xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs konvencia akisrebs valdebulebas, moaxdinon TavianTi samarTlebrivi sistemis iseTi organizeba, romelic uzrunvelyofs, sasamarTloebis mier, me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas, maT Soris sasamarTlo ganxilvis Catarebas ,,gonivrul vadaSi~. saxelmwifos SeuZlia Tavidan aicilos konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba braldebulisaTvis samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebis kompensaciis gziT, romelic moiTxovs ori pirobis dakmayofilebas. pirveli, saxelmwifo organoebma unda aRiaron is faqti, rom samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivoba iyo aragonivruli. meore, unda moxdes sasjelis adekvaturi Semcireba. Tuki adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo daadgens gonivrul vadaSi saqmis ganxilvis uflebis darRvevas, ganmcxadeblisaTvis finansuri kompensaciis miniWeba xdeba konvenciis 41-e muxlis safuZvelze. §§§§9. 9. 9. 9. udanaSaulobis prezumfciaudanaSaulobis prezumfciaudanaSaulobis prezumfciaudanaSaulobis prezumfcia udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi saproceso garantia efuZneba agreTve samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos princips. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxlis pirveli punqtSi aRniSnulia, rom adamiani udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. amasTan erTad, aravin ar aris valdebuli amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. braldebis mtkicebis movaleoba ekisreba bralmdebels (saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxlis me-2 punqti). udanaSaulobis prezumfcias, rogorc samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis principis gamoxatulebas, vxvdebiT agreTve

17

adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi, romlis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad, yoveli piri, visac bralad edeba danaSaulis Cadena, iTvleba udanaSaulod, vidre misi braleuloba ar damtkicdeba kanonis Sesabamisad. udanaSaulobis prezumfciis moTxovna gasaTvaliswinebelia rogorc, gamoZiebis etapze, ise saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros. sasamarTlos mier piris braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde sisxlis samarTalmwarmoebelma organoebma Tavi unda Seikavon iseTi gancxadebebisgan, romlebic iseT warmodgenas qmnian, TiTqos piris braleuloba ukve dadgenilia. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia adgens aseve, rom yovelgvari eWvi, romelic ver dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes braldebulis sasargeblod (e.w. in dubio pro reoin dubio pro reoin dubio pro reoin dubio pro reo-s principi) (saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxlis me-3 punqti). aqedan gamomdinare, bralis damtkicebis gareSe aravis ar SeiZleba daedos msjavri. braldebuls msjavri unda daedos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo darwmundeba mis braleulobaSi. eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi miRebul unda iqnes sasamarTlos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni. in dubio pro reoin dubio pro reoin dubio pro reoin dubio pro reo-s principi moqmedebs maSin, rodesac sasamarTlo varaudobs da darwmunebuli ar aris braldebulis damnaSaveobaSi. aRniSnuli principis Sinaarsi ar unda iyos imgvarad gagebuli, TiTqos braldebuli yovelTvis unda gamarTldes, roca obieqturi garemoebebidan gamomdinare sasamarTlos mis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT eWvi unda gasCenoda. es valdebuleba sasamarTlos maSin uCndeba, Tuki mas Sesabamisi eWvi faqtobrivad gaaCnia. §§§§10. 10. 10. 10. samarTliani procesis principisamarTliani procesis principisamarTliani procesis principisamarTliani procesis principi samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos erT-erT Zireul moTxovnas samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens. samarTliani procesis ufleba braldebuls eniWeba sssk-is me-8 muxlis pirveli nawiliT. aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli puqnti iTvaliswinebs saqmis samarTliani ganxilvis uflebas. samarTliani procesis principi saTaves iRebs saqarTvelos konstituciis me-17 muxlis pirveli punqtidan, anu pirovnebis Rirsebis xelSeuvalobis konstituciuri moTxovnidan. pirovnebis Rirsebis xelSeuvalobis principidan gamomdinareobs is, rom dauSvebelia adamianis saxelmwifo an sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis ubralo obieqtamde degradireba. adamianis Rirseba Seilaxeba, Tuki pirovneba raime miznis misaRwevi saSualeba gaxdeba. Rirsebis dacvis valdebuleba saxelmwifos gansakuTrebiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas ekisreba. amitom, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi braldebuls procesis aqtiuri subieqtis statusi unda gaaCndes, rac, upirveles yovlisa, procesis mimdinareobasa da mis Sedegze aqtiuri zemoqmedebis samarTlebrivi SesaZleblobebis qonas gulisxmobs. procesis samarTlianoba gulisxmobs maSasadame, braldebulisTvis Sansis micemas, efeqturad daicvas Tavi materialurad da personalurad masze gacilebiT ukeTesad aRWurvili prokuraturis mier wardgenili braldebebisgan. rogorc vxedavT, cneba ,,samarTliani procesi~ Zalzed zogadia da Sedgeba calkeuli elementebisagan. am elementebs miekuTvnebian braldebulis calkeuli uflebebi, romlebic mas procesis aqtiur subieqtad aqceven, magaliTad, braldebulis ufleba gaecnos braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebebs (sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-13 nawili, 83-e muxli), isargeblos advokatis momsaxurebiT (sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-5 nawili, 41-e muxli), damoukideblad an advokatis meSveobiT Caataros gamoZieba, moipovos da waradginos mtkicebulebebi (sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-7 nawili), monawileoba miiRos gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi, daayenos Suamdgomlobebi, ganacxados acileba, dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebebi gamoikvlios imave pirobebSi, rogorc braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva xdeba, gaecnos mxaris mier Setanil saCivars da masze gamoTvas mosazreba (sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-14 nawili), gaasaCivros sasamarTlos ganaCeni (sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-15 nawili) da a.S.

18

§§§§11. 11. 11. 11. saqveynoobis principisaqveynoobis principisaqveynoobis principisaqveynoobis principi saqveynoobis principi miekuTvneba konstituciur principTa kategorias da gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad, sasamarTloSi saqme ganixileba Ria sxdomaze da agreTve sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod. igives iTvaliswinebs sssk-s 10-e muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilebi. garda amisa, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli puqnti yvelas aniWebs misi saqmis saqveyno ganxilvis uflebas. Tanamedrove demokratiul saxelmwifoSi dominierebs sazogadoebis interesi informirebulobaze. Sesabamisad, nebismier dainteresebul pirs aqvs ufleba daeswros sasamarTloSi saqmis sajaro ganxilvas. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis gamWirvaloba sazogadoebas unergavs rwmenas, rom sasamarTlo xelisufleba funqcionirebs misi molodinis Sesabamisad. saqveynoobis principis daniSnulebaa marTlmsajulebis mimarT mosaxleobis ndobis ganmtkiceba da amasTan erTad, sazogadoebis mxridan sisxlis samarTlis procesis kontrolis uzrunvelyofa. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqveynoobis principi ar moqmedebs SeuzRudavad. vinaidan, sasamarTloSi saqmis saqveyno ganxilvam SeiZleba arsebiTi ziani miayenos braldebulis, mowmisa da procesis sxva monawileebis kanonier interesebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxaris SuamdgomlobiT an sakuTari iniciativiT saqme ganixilos daxurul sxdomaze. Sesabamisad, sxdoma nawilobriv an srulad daixureba, Tu amas moiTxovs piris komerciuli, profesiuli an komerciuli saidumloebis dacva, aseve procesis monawilis piradi cxovrebisa da piradi usafrTxoebs dacvis interesebi (ix. sssk-is 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili). garda amisa, daxurulad tardeba sasamarTlos sxdoma, romelSic arasrulwlovani braldebuli monawileobs (sssk-is 317-e muxlis pirveli punqti) an rodesac ganixileba saxelmwifo saidumlobebis Semcveli masalebi (sssk-is 182-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saqveyno sasamarTlo ganxilvis SezRudva SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos wesrigis dacvis aucileblobiT. saqveynoobis principis darRvevas ar eqneba adgili, Tu sxdomis Tavmjdomare sasamarTlo darbazSi damswre pirTa adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SezRudavs damswreTa raodenobas (sssk-is 85-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos darbazs gareT darCenil pirebs kanoni ar aniWebs imis moTxovnis uflebas, rom sasamarTlom SedarebiT did darbazSi gadainacvlos sxdomis Casatareblad. sxdomis Tavmjdomare uflebamosilia agreTve: gaaZevos sasamarTlo darbazidan is pirebi, romlebic xels uSlian saqmis ganxilvas, (sssk-is 85-e muxlis me-2 nawili), SezRudos SeiaraRebuli da Seuferebel formaSi gamocxadebuli pirebis sxdomis darbazSi daSveba (sssk-is 182-e muxlis me-9 da 10-e punqtebi). sasamarTlo procesis monawileTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, SezRudulia sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi saqmis ganxilvis foto-, kono-, videogadaReba da translacia. sasamarTlo procesis audiovizualuri media-saSualebebiT gaSuqebis sakiTxze gadawyvetilebis miReba Sedis sasamarTlos diskreciaSi (sssk-is me-10 muxlis me-3 nawili, ix. aseve ,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-13 muxlis me-4 punqti). §§§§12. 12. 12. 12. zepirobis principizepirobis principizepirobis principizepirobis principi zepirobis principi gulisxmobs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebi sasamarTloSi srulfasovnad unda iyos zepirad gamokvleuli. sasamarTlo sxdomis zepiroba saqveynoobis principis ganxorcielebis umniSvnelovanesi winapiroba da marTlmsajulebis kontrolis efeqturi saSualebaa, radgan am gziT procesis damswre sazogadoebas eZleva SesaZlebloba, Tvalyuri adevnos sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobas da moisminos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisTvis relevantur mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT mxareebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad unda daedos molod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareebis mier zepirad mosamarTlisa (nafici msajulebis) da

19

procesze damswre sazogadoebis gasagonad iyo gamokvleuli. zepirobis principidan

gamomdinare, ara mxolod mowmeebმa unda miscen Cveneba sasamarTloSi zepirad, aramed werilobiTi mtkicebulebebic sajarod unda iqnes wakiTxuli (sssk-is 248-e muxlis me-2 nawili). zepirobis principi ganmtkicebulia sssk-is me-10 muxlis pirvel nawiliT da 182-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT. §§§§13. 13. 13. 13. uuuuSualobis principiSualobis principiSualobis principiSualobis principi uSualobis principi mWidrod aris zepirobis principTan dakavSirebuli da igi moqmedebs sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros. aRniSnul princips gaaCnia formaluri da materialuri gageba. formaluri gagebiTformaluri gagebiTformaluri gagebiTformaluri gagebiT uSualobis principi moiTxovs, rom mxareebis mier warmodgenili yvela mtkicebuleba gamokvleul iqnes sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa mosamarTles (nafic msajulebs) pirdapiri da uSualo warmodgena Seeqmnas saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze. amitom, savaldebuloa, rom sasamarTlom saqme uwyvetad da ucvleli SemadgenlobiT ganixilos. Tu sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros romelime mosamarTle sxva mosamarTliT Seicvleba, maSin saqmis ganxilva xelaxla unda daiwyos (sssk-is 183-e muxli). materialuri gagebiTmaterialuri gagebiTmaterialuri gagebiTmaterialuri gagebiT uSualobis principis moTxovnaa, rom upiratesoba mieniWos yovelTvis pirvelad mtkicebulebebspirvelad mtkicebulebebspirvelad mtkicebulebebspirvelad mtkicebulebebs, anu mtkicebulebebs, romlebic yvelaze ufro mWidrod arian dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebebTan. magaliTad, Tu saqmis garemoebebis dasadgenad SesaZlebelia ramodenime mowmis dakiTxva, upirvelesyovlisa unda daikiTxos is mowme, romelic danaSaulebrivi SemTxvevis uSualo Semswrea. naklebi mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba mowmis iseT Cvenebas, romelic efuZneba sxva piris mier gavrcelebul informacias (e.w. iribi Cveneba, ix. sssk-is 76-e muxli). Tumca, aseTi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa, Tuki mowmes SeuZlia miuTiTos informaciis wyaroze. amrigad, uSualobis principidan gamomdinare, arCevani unda gakeTdes iseT mowmeebze, romlebic arian e.w. ,,uSualo mowmeebi~ da warmoadgenen informaciis pirvelad wyaros. amavdroulad, e.w. personaluri mtkicebulebebipersonaluri mtkicebulebebipersonaluri mtkicebulebebipersonaluri mtkicebulebebi (raSic igulisxmeba mowmis Cvenaba) ar unda Seicvalos e.w. werilobiTi (dokumenturi) werilobiTi (dokumenturi) werilobiTi (dokumenturi) werilobiTi (dokumenturi) mtkicebulebebiTmtkicebulebebiTmtkicebulebebiTmtkicebulebebiT. kerZod, Tu raime garemoeba dgindeba mowmis Cvenebis safuZvelze, sasamarTloSi mowmis zepiri Cveneba ar unda Seicvalos mowmis mier gamoZiebis etapze micemuli Cvenebis CanawerebiT. Tu mowmis warmodgena SesaZlebelia sasamarTloSi, igi unda gamoiZaxon da daikiTxos mosamarTlis (nafici msajulebis) winaSe. §§§§14. 14. 14. 14. mtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis principimtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis principimtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis principimtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis principi mosamarTle (nafici msajuli) mtkicebulebebs afasebs Sinagani rwmeniT. vinaidan, mtkicebulebebs ar gaaCniaT winaswar dadgenili Zala, mosamarTles kanoni ar zRudavs maTi Sefasebis dros (sssk-is 13-e muxlis pirveli nawili, 82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT mosamarTlisTvis ar aris dadgenili mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis raime wesebi. mosamarTle mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis dros aris Tavisufali, sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze mosamarTles (nafici msajuls) yovelgvari SezRudvebis gareSe SeuZlia garkveuli garemoebebi dadgenilad miiCnios da calkeul garemoebaTa arseboba uaryos. mosamarTle uflebamosilia sarwmunod miiCnios mowmis Cveneba, rodesac sxva danarCeni mowmeebi sawinaaRmdego Cvenebebs iZlevian. amasTan erTad, mosamarTles SeuZlia ar gaiziaros braldebis mowmeTa Cvenebebi da sandod Seafasos braldebulis Cveneba. mosamarTle arc eqspertis daskvniT aris SeboWili, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac eqsperti iZleva daskvnas teqnikur, qimiur da fsiqiatriul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. Tuki mosamarTle dadgenilad ar miiCnevs eqspertis daskvnaSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, maSin man ganaCenSi Tavisi sawinaaRmodego mosazreba unda daasabuTos.

20

aRsaniSnavia, rom mtkicebulebebis Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis princips gaaCnia Tavisi gamonaklisebic, kerZod, dauSvebelia braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma Sefasdes braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad. agreTve braldebulis mier cru Cvenebis micema ar SeiZleba gaxdes misi braleulobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba (sssk-is 74-e muxlis me-3 nawili), radgan udanaSaulo pirebic xSirad imedovneben, rom tyuilis meSveobiT SeZleben sisxlissamaTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan aridebas; aseve dauSvebelia braldebulis sazianod iqnes Sefasebuli mowmis uari, misces axlo naTesavis mamxilebeli Cveneba da a.S. amavdroulad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom braldebuli daculi unda iyos mosamarTlis mcdari Sefasebebisagan. mosamarTlis Tavisufleba mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisas ar unda iqnes gagebuli ise, TiTqos mosamarTlis subieqturi Sexedulebebi da Sefasebebi SesaZlebelia aSkara winaaRmdegobaSi iyos gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebis erTobliobasTan. kanoni avaldebulebs sasamarTlos, rom ganaCenSi Camoyalibebuli misi yvela daskvna da gadawyvetileba iqnes dasabuTebuli (sssk-is 259-e muxlis me-3 nawili), rac mosamarTlis mier mtkicebulebebis Sefasebis sisworisa da sandoobis erTgvar kontrolis meqanizms warmoadgens.

Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebi da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobasisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebi da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobasisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebi da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobasisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebi da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba

Tanamedrove qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis procesi, romelSic Warbobs angloangloangloanglo----amerikuliamerikuliamerikuliamerikuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis elementebi, warmoadgens e.w. ,,mxareTa process“,,mxareTa process“,,mxareTa process“,,mxareTa process“. saxelmwifos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis interesebs procesSi icavs braldebis mxare, xolo dacvis mxared braldebuli da misi advokati gvevlineba. mxolod mxareebis kompetenciaa mtkicebulebebis mopoveba, sasamarTloSi maTi warmodgena da gamokvleva. mxareebs gaaCniaT procsze batonoba da SeuZliaT procesis nebismier etapze daamTavron saqmis warmoeba braldebaze uaris Tqmis an saproceso SeTanxmebis gziT. mosamarTle saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas ar awarmoebs damoukideblad sasamarTlo gamoZiebas, radgan mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva mxareebis amocanaa. igi xemZRvanelobs sasamarTlo process da inarCunebs neitralur pozicias. nafici msajulebi mxareebis mier gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze iReben gadawyvetilebas braldebulis udanaSaulobisa da damnaSaveobis Sesaxeb, mosamarTle ki nafici msajulebis mier braldebulis damnaSaved cnobis SemTxvevaSi gansazRvravs sasjels. amrigad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis ZiriTad monawileebad gvevlinebian braldebis mxare (prokurori, gamomZiebeli), dacvis mxare (braldebuli, advokati) da aseve sasamarTlo. zemoaRniSnuli pirebi awarmoeben sisxlis samarTlis process da iwodebian procesis procesis procesis procesis subieqtebsubieqtebsubieqtebsubieqtebadadadad. farTo gagebiT procesis monawileebi arian agreTve dazaralebuli, mowme, eqsperti da a.S., romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT gveqneba saubari. § 1. § 1. § 1. § 1. sasamarTlosasamarTlosasamarTlosasamarTlo rogorc aristotele aRniSnavs ,,simarTle ,,simarTle ,,simarTle ,,simarTle arisarisarisaris sadRacsadRacsadRacsadRac SuaSi~SuaSi~SuaSi~SuaSi~. swored aRniSnuli principidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva monawileebisgan gansxvavebiT gansakuTrebuli procesualuri adgili ukavia. maSin, rodesac braldebuli, misi advokati da prokurori gvevlinebian erTmaneTis mowinaaRmdege procesis monawileebad, sasamarTlos akisria valdebuleba, iyos absoliturad neitraluri da ar daikavos arcerTi maTganis pozicia da ar mianiWos upiratesoba romelime mxares. sasamarTlo aris erTaderTi organo, romelic uflebamosilia ganaxorcielos sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajuleba da gamoitanos saboloos gadawyvetileba pirovnebis mimarT wardgenil braldebasTan dakavSirebiT. sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixileba mosamarTlis an kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi

21

nafici msajulebis mier. samosamarTleo saqmianobis axorcieleben 30 wlis asaks miRweuli, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone moqalaqeebi, romelTac aqvT specialobiT muSaobis minimum 5 wlis gamocdileba da romlebic mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze arian ganwesebuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ix. saqarTvelos konstituciis 86-e muxli). 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. mosamarTlis damoukideblobamosamarTlis damoukideblobamosamarTlis damoukideblobamosamarTlis damoukidebloba saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia. agreTve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti adgens damoukidebeli sasamarTlos mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis garantias, rac samarTliani procesis umniSvnelovanesi elemenitia. mosamarTlis damoukidebloba warmoadgens ara mosamarTlis privilegias, aramed imis garants, rom sasamarTlos saqmianobaSi ar moxdes gareSe pirebis mxridan Careva gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenis moxdenis mizniT, rac samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principis ganuyofeli nawilia. mosamarTlis damoukideblobis qveS moiazreba, rogorc sagnobrivi ise personaluri damoukidebloba. sagnobrivi damoukidebloba niSnavs imas, rom mosamarTle konkretul saqmeze yovelgvari miTiTebebis gareSe damoukideblad iRebs gadawyvetilebas. gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi igi xelmZRvanelobs mxolod konstituciiTa da sxva kanonebiT. personaluri damoukideblobis sakiTxi, romelic moicavs mosamarTlis Camocilebas saqmis ganxilvisagan, Tanamdebobidan mis vadamde gaTavisuflebas an sxva Tanamdebobaze gadayvanas, mowesrigebulia Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT (ix. ,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis VI Tavi). sasamarTlo, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs unda iyos damoukidebeli da ar unda eqvemdebarebodes aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas da aseve prcesis romelime monawiles. mosamarTle damoukideblad da srulad unda akontrolebdes sakuTar gadawyvetilebas da ar unda iyos SezRuduli sxva pirebis savaldebulo mosazrebebiT. 1.2.1.2.1.2.1.2. mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobamosamarTlis miukerZoeblobamosamarTlis miukerZoeblobamosamarTlis miukerZoebloba mosamarTle unda iyos ara mxolod damoukidebeli, aramed miukerZiebelic. sasamarTlos mimarT unda arsebobdes sruli ndobis safuZveli, rom mosamarTles ar eqneba mikerZoebuli pozicia romelime mxaris an gansaxilveli sisxlis samarTlis saqmisadmi. zogadad miukerZoeblobaSi igulisxmeba, rom mosamarTle saqmes ganixilvis dros ar moqmedebs romelime mxaris interesebis sasargeblod. vinaidan, miukerZoeblobis principi mTlianad sasamarTloze vrceldeba, miukerZoeblobis valdebuleba ekisreba agreTve nafic msajulsac. gamomdinare principidan, rom aravin ar SeiZleba iyos mosamarTle sakaravin ar SeiZleba iyos mosamarTle sakaravin ar SeiZleba iyos mosamarTle sakaravin ar SeiZleba iyos mosamarTle sakuTar saqmeSiuTar saqmeSiuTar saqmeSiuTar saqmeSi, mosamarTle ver miiRebs monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, Tuki mas gansaxilveli danaSaulis Sedegad ziani miadga an procesis monawileebTan aqvs axlo damokidebuleba. mosamarTlis procesSi monawileoba gamoiricxeba iseTi garemoebebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic saeWvos xdian mis obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobas (sssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawili). 1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3. sasamarTloebis sistema da organizaciasasamarTloebis sistema da organizaciasasamarTloebis sistema da organizaciasasamarTloebis sistema da organizacia sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben saerTo sasamarTloebi, romelTac miekuTvneba: raionuli (saqalaqo)sasamarTlo, saapelacio sasamarTlo da saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo. saerTo sasamarTloebis sistema dadgenilia da

22

regulirdeba ,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanoniT. agreTve sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi adgens sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos uflebamosilebasTan da gansjadobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, romlis Taobazec qvemoT gveqneba saubari. 1.3.1. 1.3.1. 1.3.1. 1.3.1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlopirveli instanciis sasamarTlopirveli instanciis sasamarTlopirveli instanciis sasamarTlo saqarTvelos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo saerTo sasamarTlo sistemaSi warmoadgens yvelaze dabal rgols, romelic pirveli instanciiT ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmes. sisxlis samarTlis saqme raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi ganxileba rogorc wesi erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi nafici msajulebisa da mosamarTlis monawileobiT. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi mosamarTleebTan erTad SeiZleba Sediodnen agreTve magistrati mosamarTleebic (,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 28-e muxli), romlebic iReben gadawyvetilebas mTel rig procesualur sakiTxebze sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadacemamde. 1.3.1.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.1.1. sagnobrivi gansjadobasagnobrivi gansjadobasagnobrivi gansjadobasagnobrivi gansjadoba da sasamarTlos Semadgenlobada sasamarTlos Semadgenlobada sasamarTlos Semadgenlobada sasamarTlos Semadgenloba sagnobrivi gansjadoba gulisxmobs sisxlis samarTlis saqeebis qvemdebareobis mixedviT ganawilebas, rogorc sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebs Soris, ise erTi instanciis sasamarTlos SigniT sxvadasxva ,,mosamarTleTa Semadgenlobebze~. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi Cveulebriv mosamarTleebTan erTad SeiZleba funqcionirebdes magistrat mosamarTleTa da nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobebic. amitom, kanonieri sasamarTlos principidan gamomdinare, kanoniT aris gansazRvruli aRniSnuli Semadgenlobebis kompetenciis sakiTxi. Tu pirs brali aqvs wayenebulis nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes miekuTvneba am ukanasknelis sagnobriv gansjadobas da Sesabamisad, mas arsebTad ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo. sssk-is 27-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ganixilavs 12 msajulisa da 2 saTadarigo msajulis SemadgenlobiT. naklebad mZime kategoriis saqmeebze nafic msajulTa SemadgenlobaSi ar unda iyos eqvsze naklebi msajuli, xolo mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze – rvaze naklebi da gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis saqmeebze – aTze naklebi. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosamarTle erTpirovnulad pirveli instanciiT im SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmes, Tu mxareebi erToblivad uars ganacxadeben nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze, an Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqme ar miekuTvneba nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadobas. calkeul SemTxvevebSi, Tu saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis an saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli sirTulisaa, saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare uflebamosilia daadginos saqmis kolegiuri ganxilva, rodesac Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis (ix. sssk-is 22-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sssk-is 20-e muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, magistrati mosamarTlis sagnobriv gansjadobas miekuTvneba iseTi saqmeebi, rogoric aris adamianis konstituciuri uflebebis SezRudvisa da iZulebiT RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotana, braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis sakiTxis gadawyveta. amasTan erTad, magistrati mosamarTle ganixilavs saCivris gamomZieblis an prokuroris ukanono qmedebis gamo da axorcielebs kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva uflebamosilebebs. magistrati mosamarTle gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebas iRebs erTpirovnulad.

23

1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2. teritoriuli gansjadobateritoriuli gansjadobateritoriuli gansjadobateritoriuli gansjadoba gansxvavebiT sagnobrivi gansjadobisagan, teritoriuli gansjadoba gulisxmobs sisxlis saqmeebis ganawilebas erTi da imave instanciis sasamarTloebs Soris teritoriuli TvalTaxedvidan gamomdinare (mag., braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirvelad wardgenis adgilis mixedviT, procesis monawileTa sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT). rogorc wesi, prokurorma sisxlis samarTlis saqme sasamarTloSi gansaxilvelad unda gagzavnos im adgilis mixedviT, sadac braldebuli pirvelad waredgina sasamarTlos (sssk-is 21-e muxlis pirveli nawili). raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo valdebulia Semosuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme Seamowmos gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT. Tu igi daadgens, rom konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme misi gansjadi ar aris, sasamarTlo ganCinebiT saqmes gadascems im sasamarTlos, romlis teritoriul gansjadobasac miekuTvneba mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme. zemoxsenebuli wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi, romelic e.w. ,,moZravi gansjadobis~ ,,moZravi gansjadobis~ ,,moZravi gansjadobis~ ,,moZravi gansjadobis~ saxeliT aris cnobili. aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia saproceso xarjebis Semcirebis interesebiT. vinaidan, procesis monawileTa sasamarTloSi gamocxadeba saproceso xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli, mxareebs ufleba aqvT Suamdgomloba daayenon sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masSi monawile dazaralebulebisa da mowmeTa umravlesobis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT sasamarTlosTvis gacamemasTan dakavSirebiT. Suamdgomlobas ganixilavs da moZravi gansjadobis sakiTxs wyvets zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare (ix. sssk-is 21-e muxlis me-4 nawili). 1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3.1.3. magistratimagistratimagistratimagistrati mosamarTlemosamarTlemosamarTlemosamarTle magistrati mosamarTlis instituti warmoadgens siaxles qarTuli marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi. 2005 wels dawyebul sasamarTlo reformis farglebSi axleburad moxda sasamarTlos sistemis mowyoba, maT Soris, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad, raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi dainerga magistrati mosamarTlis instituti. magistrati mosamarTle aris SezRuduli iurisdiqciis mqone mosamarTle. mis kompetenciaSi ar Sedis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis arsebiTi ganxilva. igi axorcielebs Tavis uflebamosilebas gamoZiebisa da wina sasamarTlo sxdomis etapze. misi mniSvnelovani funqcia gamoZiebis etapze vlindeba pirovnebis konstituciiT daculi da garantirebuli uflebaTa SezRudvis sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. aRniSnuli funqciis farglebSi magistrati mosamarTle ganixilavs da wyvets sakiTxs braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis Roniswiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, masve gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba braldebulis mimarT gamoyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis an gauqmebis Taobaze. braldebulis uflebaTa dasacavad, igi zemoaRniSnulis garda, ganixilavs saCivars gamomZieblis an prokuroris ukanono qmedebis gamo. magistrati mosamarTlis roli mniSvnelovania agreTve mxareebis mier mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis procesSi, vinaidan, iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi, romelic zRudavs kerZo sakuTrebas, mfloblobas an piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas, tardeba mxolod magistrati mosamarTlis ganCinebis safuZvelze (sssk-is 112-e muxlis pirveli nawili). gamoZiebis etapze procesis SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelsayofad, magistrati mosamarTle daxmarebas uwevs dacvis mxares mtkicebulebebis mopovebaSi. kerZod, sssk-is 39-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu mtkicebulebebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi sagamoZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac braldebuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver atarebs, aRniSnuli moqmedebebis Casatareblad SesaZlebelia, rom dacvis mxarem mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. magistratma mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos sabolood mxareebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebobis sakiTxic. magistrati mosamarTlis uflebamosilebaSi Sedis agreTve winasasamarTlo sxdomis TariRis gansazRvra, xolo winasasamarTlo sxdomaze ki arsebiTi

24

ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxis gadawyveta (sssk-is 219-e muxlis me-4 nawili ,,e~ qvepunqti). swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, kanonmdebeli magistrati mosamarTlis kompetencias miakuTvnebs mxareebs Soris dadebuli saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZvelze saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanas. magistrati sasamarTlos institutis arsebobas xangrZlivi istoria gaaCnia anglo-amerikuli samarTlebrivi sistemis mqone qveynebSi. aRniSnul qveynebSi magistratebis sasamarTloebi qmnian sasamarTlo sistemis ZiriTad rogols, romlebic sxva saproceso moqmedebebis ganxorcielebasTan erTad arsebiTad ganixilaven mcire mniSvnelobis mqone danaSaulis saqmeebs. gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos magistrati mosamarTleebisagan, inglissa da aSS-i moqmed magistrati mosamarTleTa umetes nawilis ar gaaCnia iuristis kvalifikacia da samosamarTleo movaleobas asruleben sazogadoebriv sawyisebze. 1.3.1.4.1.3.1.4.1.3.1.4.1.3.1.4. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlonafic msajulTa sasamarTlonafic msajulTa sasamarTlonafic msajulTa sasamarTlo 2004 wlis 6 Tebervals saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad, safuZveli Caeyara marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi sazogadoebis aqtiuri monawileobis axlebur formas. saqarTvelos konstituciis zemoxsenebuli muxlis me-5 punqtSi aRniSnulia, rom ,,saerTo sasamarTloebSi saqmeebi nafici msajulebis mier ganixileba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT~. mogvianebiT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis reformis Sedegad, moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-2, 22-e, 23-e da 24-e TavebSi ganisazRvra calkeuli debulebebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos danergvis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgenda 1919 wlis ianvars miRebuli ,,nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemoRebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos parlamentisa da saqarTvelos respublikis kanoni. amasTan erTad, 1921 wlis 21 Tebervls miRebuli saqarTvelos konstituciis 81-e muxliT ganisazRvra, rom mZime sisxlis samarTlisa da agreTve politikuri da beWvdiTi danaSaulebisaTvis iarsebebda nafic msajulTa instituti. Tumca, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis gamo nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ar mieca praqtikaSi realurad funqcionirebis SesaZlebloba. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos istoriul samSoblod inglisi moiazreba, Tumca arsebobs varaudi imis Taobaze, rom sazogadoeba marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi sxvadasxva formiT monawileobda jer kidev antikur saberZneTSi da skandinaviis qveynebSi. oficialuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad, inglisSi mefe henri meoris (1154 - 1189) mier damkvidrda 1166 wels wesi, romliTac adgilobriv mosaxeleobidan SerCeul msajulebs aiZulebdnen, ficis qveS daesaxelebinaT danaSaulis Camdeni Tanamoqalaqeebi. saxelmwifos mier nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze uflebis aRiareba oficialurad ,,magna kartaze~ mefis mier xelmoweriT moxda. inglisidan nafic msajulTa sasamarTlom gavrceleba hpova inglisis yvela koloniebsa da agreTve sxva qveynebSic, romlebic warsulSi imyofebodnen inglisuri zegavlenis qveS. aseT qveynebis ricxvs

miekuთvnebian, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, irlandia, avstralia, kanada da axali zelandia. SezRuduli formiT moqmedebs nafic msajulTa instituti aseve kontinenturi evropis zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, dania, belgia, norvegia, avstria, safrangeTi, Sveicaria. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo marTlmsajulebis yvelaze demokratiul formad aris miCneuli, radgan am SemTxvevaSi Tavad xalxia ,,uzenaesi mosamarTle~ Tanamoqalaqis mier danaSaulis CadenaSi braleulobis sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros. sazogadoebis aqtiurad CarTulobas sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi SeuZlia kidev ufro gaaumjobesos marTlmsajulebis xarisxi da amasTanave ganumtkicos moqalaqeebs marTlmsajulebis mimarT ndoba da gazardos maTi samarTlebrivi Segnebis done. arsebobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ori modeli – klasikuri da Sereuli modelebi. ,,klasikuri modeli~,,klasikuri modeli~,,klasikuri modeli~,,klasikuri modeli~, romelic moqmedebs inglisSi gulisxmobs funqciaTa mkacr gamijvnas mosamarTlesa da nafic msajulebs Soris. am SemTxvevaSi nafic

25

msajulebs gamoaqvT verdiqti braldebulis damnaSaveobasa Tu udanaSaulobasTan dakavSirebiT, xolo mosamarTle damnaSaved cnobil pirs ufardebs sasjels da wyvets sxvadasxva procesualurs sakiTxebs. ,,Sereuli ,,Sereuli ,,Sereuli ,,Sereuli modelimodelimodelimodelissss~~~~ dros ki xdeba mosamarTlisa da nafici msajulebis mier pirovnebis braleulobisa da sasjelis sakiTxis erToblivad gadawyveta. aseTi modelis nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo moqmedebs magaliTad, safrangeTSi, sadac sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixileba 9 nafici msajulisa da 3 mosamarTlis monawileobiT. saqarTveloSi moqmedebs e.w. klasikuri modelis nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, romelic rogorc ukve zemoT aRiniSna, Sedgeba 12 msajulisagan da 2 saTadarigo msajulisagan. nafic msajulad gvevlinebian saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestris monacemTa bazaSi dafiqsirebuli 18 wels gadacilebuli pirebi, romlebmac ician sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena da cxovroben sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos gansjadobis teritoriaze (ix. sssk-is 29-e muxli). mxolod am pirobebis dakmayofileba ar aris sakmarisi, rom pirma daikavos nafici msajulis savarZeli, igi amavdroulad ar unda iyos SeuTavsebeli nafici msajulobisTvis. SeuTavseblobas adgili eqneba, Tu arsebobs nafici msajulis acilebis romelime garemoeba6 an Tu pirs gaaCnia iseTi profesia, romelic gamoricxavs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mis nafic msajulad monawileobis miRebas7. nafic msajulad procesSi monawileoba warmoadgens moqalaqis valdebulebas da mas ufleba ar aqvs uari ganacxados aRniSnuli movaleobis Sesrulebaze, garda im SemTxvevisa Tu: igi ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi ukve iyo nafici msajuli; asrulebs iseT samuSaos, romelSic misi Secvla gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zians; xangrZlivad imyofeba an miemgzavreba saqarTvelos farglebs gareT; 70 wels gadacilebulia; janmrTelobis mdgomareoba ar AaZlebs amis saSualebas (ix. sssk-is 31-e muxli). nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ar warmoadgens mudmivmoqmed sasamarTlos. nafici msajulebi ikribebian periodulad, rodesac wardgenili brldebidan gamomdinare saqme maT gansjadobas miekuTvneba. potenciuri nafici msajulebi 18 wels miRweul moqalaqeTa erTiani siidan SeirCevian mxareTa monawileobiT nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze. aRniSnul sxdomaze SerCeul msajulobis kandidatTagan Tormets sxdomis Tavmjdomare niSnavs nafic msajulad. sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomis gaxsnisas nafici msajulebi deben fics da iReben kanoniT gansazRvruli ufleba-movaleobaTa Sesaxeb ganmartebebs sxdomis Tavmjdomaresgan. saqmis ganxilvis Semgeg saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde nafici msajulebi sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomarisgan iReben ganmartebebs samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli ganmartebebis safuZvelze nafici msajulTa sasamarTlo iRebs saboloo gadawyvetilebas faqtebTan dakavSirebiT da gamoaqvs gamamarTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli verdiqti. 1.3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2.1.3.2. saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlosaapelacio instanciis sasamarTlosaapelacio instanciis sasamarTlosaapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo warmoadgens zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos. saapelacio sasamarTloSi funqcionirebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata da sagamoZiebo kolegia. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis sagnobriv gansjadobas miekuTvneba raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos ganaCensa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamo mxareebis mier Setanili saapelacio saCivrebis ganxilva. saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb magistrati mosamarTlis ganaCeni saCivrdeba agreTve saapelacio saCivriT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi (sssk-is 20-e muxlis me-4 nawili). garda amisa, saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis gansjadia saCivari kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis axlad gamovlenil garemobaTa gamo gadasinjvis Sesaxeb (sssk-is 20-e muxlis me-6 nawili). saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi sisxlis samarTlis

26

saqme saapelacio wesiT ganixileba kolegiurad sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT (sssk-is 22-e muxlis me-5 nawili). sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mosamarTlem calkeul SemTxvevebSi, naklebad mZime da mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze saCivrebi SesaZlebelia saapelacio wesiT erTpirovnuladac ganixilos (sssk-is 22-e muxlis me-6 nawili). saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegia ganixilavs magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadobisaTvis mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis gamo saCivrebs (sssk-is 20-e muxlis me-3 nawili). amrigad, saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi saCivrdeba magistrati mosamarTlis mier gamoZeebisa da winasasamarTlo sxdomis etapze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis Semdeg mosamarTlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis gamo saCivrebi aRar eqvemdebareba sagamoZiebo kolegiis gansjadobas. saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegia ganixilavs magaliTad, aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb magistrati mosamarTlis ganCinebis gamo saCivrebs (sssk-is 207-e muxli), sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze mosamarTlis ganCinebis gamo saCivars (sssk-is 219-e muxlis me-6 nawili) da a.S. zemoaRniSnul saCivrebs saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosamarTle ganixilavs erTpirovnulad (sssk-is 22-e muxlis me-4 nawili). 1.3.3.1.3.3.1.3.3.1.3.3. sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo saqarTvelos umaRlesi da saboloo instanciis sakasacio sasamarTloa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo. uzenaes sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ixilavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata, agreTve calkeul SemTxvevebSi didi palata. uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatatis gansjadia sakasacio saCivrebi saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis gamo (sssk-is me-20 muxlis me-5 nawili), sadac saCivrebi ganixileba kolegiurad sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatas motivirebuli ganCinebiT SeuZlia saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palatas, Tu saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas, aseve, rodesac igi ar iziarebs sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis an didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (ix. ,,saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-16 muxlis me-3 punqti). didi palata saqmes ganixilavs 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedian am saqmis Tavdapirvelad ganmxilveli mosamarTleebic. §§§§2. prokuratura2. prokuratura2. prokuratura2. prokuratura me-19 saukunis dasawyisamde sisxlis samarTlis process gaaCnda inkviziciuri forma da Sesabamisad, erT pirovnebaSi iyo Tavmoyrili rogorc mosamarTlis, ise bralmdeblis funqcia. safrangeTis revoluciis Semdeg pirvelad safrangeTSi SemoRebul iqna saxelmwifo bralmdeblis instituti, ris Sedegadac sasamarTlos gverdiT gaCnda organizaciulad damoukidebeli dawesebuleba e.w. prokuratura. amitom, prokuraturas xSirad moixseniebdnen ,,revoluciis Svilis~ saxeliT, romlis funqciaa ,,kanonis Sesrulebaze zrunva~8. braldebis da marTlmsajulebis organoebis calcalke Camoyalibebis idea safrangeTidan maleve gavrcelda dasavleT da aRmosavleT evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic.

27

prokuraturis sistema, organizacia da saqmianobis mimarTulebebi ganisaRvreba ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ 2008 wlis 21 oqtombris kanoniT, xolo prokuraturis funqcia da amocanebi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi regulirdeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis celkeuli normebiT. 2.1. prokuraturis funqcia sisxlis samarTlis proce2.1. prokuraturis funqcia sisxlis samarTlis proce2.1. prokuraturis funqcia sisxlis samarTlis proce2.1. prokuraturis funqcia sisxlis samarTlis procesSisSisSisSi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi prokuraturas gaaCnia sami ZiriTadi funqcia, kerZod: igi axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnassisxlissamarTlebriv devnassisxlissamarTlebriv devnassisxlissamarTlebriv devnas, gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobasgamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobasgamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobasgamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobas da sasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo braldebassasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo braldebassasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo braldebassasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo braldebas. prokuraturis TiTouli funqciis Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari. 2.1.1. prokuratura rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organo2.1.1. prokuratura rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organo2.1.1. prokuratura rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organo2.1.1. prokuratura rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organo rogorc ukve zemoT aRiniSna, Tanamedrove demokratiul sazogadoebaSi danaSaulebriv qmedebebze reagireba da efeqtiani sisxlis samarTlis iuticiis uzrunvelyofa saxelmwifos valdebulebaa. prokuratura aris erTaderTi organo, romelic saxelmwifos saxeliT axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas. mxolod prokuraturas aqvs ufleba gamoZiebis Sedegad Sekrebili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze scnos piri braldebulad an Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. aRniSnuli uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis dros prokuratura xelmZRvanelobs sajaro interesebiT. Tu prokurori miiCnevs, rom Cadenili qmedebisTvis pirs unda daedos msjavri, igi braldebis saqmes Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis ugzavnis sasamarTlos. sxva SemTxvevaSi prokurori uflebamosilia uari Tqvas piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebaze an dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gagrZelebaze. 2.1.2. prokuratura rogorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli 2.1.2. prokuratura rogorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli 2.1.2. prokuratura rogorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli 2.1.2. prokuratura rogorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad prokuratura axorcielebs saproceso xelmZRvanelobas gamoZiebis stadiaze. Sesabamisad, prokurori uflebamosilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebis mosapobeblad daavalos gamomZiebelsa da samarTaldamcav organoebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZieba an garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba da misces maT zemoaRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli miTiTebebi. Tu prokurori saWirod miiCnevs, igi Tavad miiRebs monawileobas sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis CatarebaSi. mas SeuZlia agreTve Tavad awarmoos gamoZieba sruli moculobiT. arsebobs mTeli rigi saproceso moqmedebebisa, romlis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT mxolod prokurori iRebs gadawyvetilebas da Sesabamisi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs sasamarTlos. kerZod, prokurori mimarTavs SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos braldebulisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis, adamianis uflebaTa SemzRudveli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis da an operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebis Catarebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis misaRebad (ix. sssk-is 33-e muxlis me-6 nawilis ,,e” qvepunqti). sssk-is 37-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Sesabamisad, gamomZiebeli valdebulia Seasrulos gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli prokuroris miTiTebebi. 2.1.3. prokuratura rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli2.1.3. prokuratura rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli2.1.3. prokuratura rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli2.1.3. prokuratura rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli mas Semdeg, rac sisxlis samarTlis saqme gansaxilvelad gadaecema sasamarTlos, procesis marTvis sadaveebi gadadis mosamarTlis xelSi, xolo prokurori sasamarTloSi gamodis mxolod, rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli, romelmac unda warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze amtkicos pirisaTvis wardgenili braldeba

28

(ix. sssk-is 33-e muxlis pirveli nawili). prokurori moqmedebs saxelmwifos saxeliT da Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod kanons. igi arc sasamarTloSi ar aris SezRuduli, Tqvas uari braldebaze. mas kanoni aniWebs uflebamosilebas uari Tqvas braldebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv, Tu Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi ar adasturebs braldebas (ix. sssk-is 250-e muxlis pirveli nawili da ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-18 muxlis me-2 punqti). prokurori, rogorc saxelmwifo bralmdebeli pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi da saapelacio warmoebis stadiaze valdebulia monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, sakasacio warmoebis stadiaze igi mxars uWers Tavis saCivars an gamoTqvams azrs, rogorc mxare, im saCivarze, romelic dacvis mxarem Seitana. prokurori sasamarTloSi sargeblobs farTo uflebamosilebiT, kerZod, ganacxados Suamdgomloba da acileba; waradginos mtkicebulebebi da monawileoba miiRos dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi; gamoTqvas azri sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze; gaacnos sasamarTlos Tavisi pozicia braldebis damtkicebis, qmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi kvalifikaciis, braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) Seracxadobis, sasjelis saxisa da zomis daniSvnis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb da a.S. (ix. ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-18 muxlis me-4 nawili). 2.2. prokuraturis organizacia2.2. prokuraturis organizacia2.2. prokuraturis organizacia2.2. prokuraturis organizacia da sistemada sistemada sistemada sistema saqarTvelos prokuratura aris saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sistemaSi Semavali saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba (ix. ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli muxlis pirveli punqti), romelic agebulia ierarqiulad da monokratiulad, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom yvela qvemdgomi prokurori eqvemdebareba zemdgom prokurors da yvela prokurori daqvemdebarebulia sabolood iusticiis ministrisadmi. marTalia, qvemdgomi prokurori Tavis uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebisas damaukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod kanons, Tumca samarTlebrivad igi moqmedebs, rogorc zemdgomi prokuroris warmomadgeneli. zemdgom prokurors ufleba aqvs gaauqmos, Secvalos an cvlilebebi Seitanos qvemdgomi prokuroris gadawyvetilebebsa da aqtebSi. Sesabamisad, prokurori ar sargeblobs mosamarTlis msgavsad personaluri da sagnobrivi damoukideblobiT. prokurori valdebulia Seasrulos zemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebi. saqarTvelos prokuraturis sistema moicavs saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturas, afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis prokuraturebs, q. Tbilisis prokuraturas, saolqo prokuraturebs, raionul prokuraturebs da calkeul SemTxvevebSi saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris mier Seqmnil specializebul prokuraturebs (ix. ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-7 muxlis pirveli punqti). saqarTvelos iusticiis ministri, romelsac eqvemdebareba saqarTvelos prokuratura, qmnis da auqmebs prokuraturis organoebs, gansazRvravs maT samoqmedo teritorias da adgens struqturul erTeulTa kompetencias. garda amisa, igi amtkicebs sisxlis samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebs. Aaseve aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos iusticiis ministri, rogorc prokurori axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas calkeuli politikuri Tanamdebobis mqonebi pirebis mier danaSaulis Cadenisas, kerZod saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris da a.S. (ix. amis Sesaxeb ufro detalurad ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-8 muxli). prokuraturaturis saqmianobas uSualod xelmZRvanelobs da organizebas uwevs mTavari prokurori, romelsac saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris wardginebiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs saqarTvelos prezidenti. igi amavdroulad axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris, prokuroris, prokuraturis gamomZieblis an prokuraturis mrCevelis mier danaSaulis Cadenisas.

29

2.2.1. devoluciisa 2.2.1. devoluciisa 2.2.1. devoluciisa 2.2.1. devoluciisa da substituciis uflebebida substituciis uflebebida substituciis uflebebida substituciis uflebebi prokuraturis monokratiuli da ierarqiuli agebulebidan gamomdinare prokuraturaSi moqmedebs e.w. devoluciisadevoluciisadevoluciisadevoluciisa da substituciis uflebebisubstituciis uflebebisubstituciis uflebebisubstituciis uflebebi. devoluciisdevoluciisdevoluciisdevoluciis ufleba zemdgom prokurors aniWebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebas CamoaSoros qvemdgomi prokurori da Tavad ganaxorcielos saqmis warmoeba. substituciissubstituciissubstituciissubstituciis ufleba ki zemdgom prokurors aniWebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom man sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebas CamoaSoros qvemdgomi prokurori da misi funqciebi daakisros sxva prokurors qvemdebareobis dacviT. 2.2.2. miTiTebis ufleba2.2.2. miTiTebis ufleba2.2.2. miTiTebis ufleba2.2.2. miTiTebis ufleba rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, prokuraturis sistemaSi moqmedi daqvemdebarebis principi gulisxmobs agreTve, qvemdgomi prokuroris mier zemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebis Sesrulebis savaldebulobas. samartlebrivi saxelmwifos principidan gamomdinare, qvemdgomi prokurori valdebulia, Seasrulos zemdgomi prokuroris yvela kanonieri moTxovna da miTiTeba (ix. ,,prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-13 muxlis me-3 nawili). ukanono iqneboda magaliTad zemodgomi prokuroris miTiTeba, romelic ewinaarmdegeba kanonierebis princips an arRveve sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 146-e muxls (udanaSaulo piris ganzrax micema sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi) da a.S. qvemdgomi prokurori uflebamosilia ar Seasrulos zemdgomi prokuroris ukanono miTiTebebi da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT mimarTlos ufro zemdgom prokurors. Tu es ukanaskneli ZalaSi datovebs qvemdgomi prokurorisTvis micemul miTiTebas, maSin man miTiTeba unda Seasrulos, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac miTiTeba aSkarad warmoadgens danaSaulsdanaSaulsdanaSaulsdanaSauls, administraciul gadacdomasadministraciul gadacdomasadministraciul gadacdomasadministraciul gadacdomas an adamianis Rirsebis Semlaxav qmedebasadamianis Rirsebis Semlaxav qmedebasadamianis Rirsebis Semlaxav qmedebasadamianis Rirsebis Semlaxav qmedebas. §§§§3333. gamomZiebeli. gamomZiebeli. gamomZiebeli. gamomZiebeli da gamoZiebis organoebida gamoZiebis organoebida gamoZiebis organoebida gamoZiebis organoebi prokuratura, rogorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvaneli uflebamosilia Tavad awarmoos gamoZieba sruli moculobiT, magram prokuratura sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sirTulisa da Casatarebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa didi moculobis gamo, arsebuli personaliTa da resursebiT damoukideblad, daxmarebis gareSe ver ganaxorcielebs yoveli danaSaulis saqmeze sruli moculobiT gamoZiebas. Sesabamisad, igi gamoZiebas awarmoebs gamomZieblebis meSveobiTa da gamoZiebis organoebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gziT. Tu ra Sedis gamomZieblis kompetenciaSi da romeli saxelmwifo organoebi axorcieleben sagamoZiebo saqmianobas, aRniSnulis Taobaze iqneba qemoT saubari. rac Seexeba Tavad gamoZiebis processa da calkeul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs, igi ganxiluli iqneba momdevno TavebSi. 3.1. 3.1. 3.1. 3.1. gamomZiebeli gamomZiebeli gamomZiebeli gamomZiebeli gamomZieblis legaluri definicia mocemulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 37-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, romlis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli aris saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piri, romelic uflebamosilia Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi awarmoos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZieba. gamomZieblis statusi gaaCnia agreTve prokurorsac, romelic uSualod axorcielebs gamoZiebas. gamomZiebeli danaSaulis niSnebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi damoukideblad wyvets gamoZiebis dawyebisa da sagamoZiebo (saproceso) moqmedebebis Catarebis sakiTxs (gamonakliss warmoadgens sagamoZiebo (saproceso) moqmedebebi, rolis CatarebisTvisac

30

kanoni iTvaliswinebs prokurorTan SeTanxmebasa da sasamarTlos nebarTvas, mag., Cxreka, amoReba da a.S.). gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia magaliTad, gamokiTxos danaSaulis TviTmxilvelebi, moiwvios eqsperti saqamisaTvis mniSvnelovani garemoebebis gamosavlenad, Caataros sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti da a.S. calkeuli saprcoceso moqmedebebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT gamomZieblis mier miRebuli dadgenilebis Sesruleba adresatebisTvis savaldebuloa. magaliTad, gadaudebeli aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia sasamarTlos nebarTvis gareSe, sakuTari dadgenilebis safuzvelze Caataros Cxreka; Cxrekis adgilze myofma pirebma unda Seasrulon gamomZieblis miTiTebebi. gamomZiebeli Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi amowmebs Cadenil qmedebasTan dakavSirebiT yvela SesaZlo versias da danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis dasadgenad moipovebs mtkicebulebebs. igi valdebulia moipovos rogorc danaSaulis CadenaSi piris mamxilebeli, ise piris gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebebi. prokurori gamomZieblis mier miwodebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis safuZvelze iRebs sisxlis samarlebrivi devnis dawyebis an ar dawyebis gadawyvetilebas. marTalia, kanoni gamomZiebels gamoZiebis warmoebis procesSi aniWebs farTo uflebamosilebas (aRniSnulis Sesaxeb ix. sssk-is 37-e muxlis me-6 nawili), magram, amavdroulad akisrebs mas valdebulebas, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT Seasrulos saproceso xelmZRvaneli prokuroris miTiTebebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis procesis sworad marTvas da gansazRvravs gamoZiebisaTvis saWiro mimarTulebebs. prokuroris miTiTebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, am ukanasknels ufleba aqvs Tavisi dadgenilebiT gaauqmos gamomZieblis gadawyvetileba. Tu gamomZiebeli ar eTanxmeba prokuroris miTiTebebs (magaliTad, gamomZiebels miaCnia, rom prokuroris miTiTeba kanonsawinaaRmdegoa, usafuZvlod zRudavs braldebulis kanonier interesebs), mas SeuZlia Tavisi mosazrebebiT mimarTos zemdgom prokurors, romelic Tavismxriv uflebamosilia gaauqmos qvemdgomi prokuroris miTiTeba an daavalos gamoZieba sxva gamomZiebels (ix. sssk-is 37-e muxlis me-3 nawili). 3.2. 3.2. 3.2. 3.2. gamoZiebis organoebigamoZiebis organoebigamoZiebis organoebigamoZiebis organoebi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 34-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, gamoZiebas awarmoeben saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros, saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros da saqarTvelos finansTa saministros sagamoZiebo danayofebis gamomZieblebi. garda amisa, sagamoZiebo saqmianobas axorcieleben agreTve prokuratoris gamomZieblebi. zemoaRniSnul uwyebebSi arsebuli sagamoZiebo danayofebi warmoadgenen gamoZiebis organoebs, romelTa funqciaa calkeul sferoebSi danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola da maTi qvemdebareobisTvis mikuTvnebul saqmeTa gamoZieba. calkeul gamoZiebis organoebs Soris ar arsebobs ierarqiuli daqvemdebareba, radgan isini Sedian sxvadasxva saministroebis SemadgenlobaSi. TiTouli gamomZiebeli moqmedebs im saxelmwifo uwyebis saxeliT, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedis Sesabamisi gamoZiebis organo. uwyebrivi kuTvnilebis miuxedavad, yvela gamomZiebels gaaCnia Tanabari procesualuri mdgomareoba, maT eniWebaT Tanabari uflba-movaleobebi da maT mier Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi Tanabari iuridiuli Zalisaa (ix. sssk-is 34-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 3.3. sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba3.3. sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba3.3. sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba3.3. sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi ar aregulirebs sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis sakiTxs. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT sssk-is 35-e da 36-e muxlebi miuTiTeben saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris brZanebaze. ,,sisxlis samarlis saqmeTa sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis

31

gansazRvris Taobaze“ saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris 2010 wlis 29 seqtembris #178 brZaneba gansazRvravs rogorc uwyebriv, ise teritoriul sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas. xsenebuli brZanebiT uwyebrivi qvemdebareobauwyebrivi qvemdebareobauwyebrivi qvemdebareobauwyebrivi qvemdebareoba dadgenilia Semdegnairad:

- sisxlis samarTlis saqme, rogorc wesi ganekuTvneba Sinagan saqmeTa organoebisSinagan saqmeTa organoebisSinagan saqmeTa organoebisSinagan saqmeTa organoebis gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas. gamonakliss warmoadgens im danaSaulTa saqmeebi, romlis gamoZiebac Sedis sxva saxelmwifo uwyebebis gamoZiebis organoTa kompetenciaSi. amrigad, Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs daiwyos gamoZieba nebismieri danaSaulis saqmeze da Semdgom saqme gadasces prokurors sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis mixedviT warmarTvisaTvis;

- prokuratprokuratprokuratprokuraturisurisurisuris gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas ganekuTvneba Semdegi saqmeebi: saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris, saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevris, saqarTvelos mosamarTlis, saxalxo damcvelis, kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, erovnuli bankis sabWos wevris, saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCisa da despanis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, prokuraturis mrCevlis, policielis, Tanamdebobaze myofi umaRlesi samxedro an umaRlesi specialuri wodebis mqone oficris an masTan gaTanabrebuli piris mier Cadenil, agreTve ssk-is 194–e, 332–e–335–e, 337–e–342–e, 377–e, 3771, 3772 da 381–e (garda Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebuli ganaCenis Seusruleblobis nawilisa) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa Taobaze (gamonaklisia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi, romlebic miekuTvneba saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros gamomZieblebis qvemdebareobas). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas Soris konkurenciis SemTxvevaSi, anu rodesac prokuraturis gamomZieblis qvemdebare sisxlis samarTlis saqme miekuTvneba imavdroulad sxva romelime organos sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas, gamoZiebas axorcielebs prokuratura;

- saqarTvelos finansTa saministrossaqarTvelos finansTa saministrossaqarTvelos finansTa saministrossaqarTvelos finansTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben ssk-is 182–e, 189–e, 1891, 190–e, 192–e, 1921, 193–e, 195–e–201–e, 205–e–213–e, 214–e (garda am muxlis me–4 nawilisa) 216–e–221–e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulebs;

- saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrossaqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrossaqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrossaqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben ssk-is 356–e–359–e, 383–e–392–e, 394–e–403–e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulebs, agreTve im danaSauls, romelic Cadenilia saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros samxedro nawilebSi;

- saqarTvelos iusticiis saministrossaqarTvelos iusticiis saministrossaqarTvelos iusticiis saministrossaqarTvelos iusticiis saministros Sesabamisi danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben prokuroris, prokuraturis gamomZieblis, prokuraturis mrCevlis, agreTve saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sistemis mosamsaxuris mier Cadenil, ssk-is 332–e–335–e, 337–e–342–e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulebs;

- saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministrossaministrossaministrossaministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben ssk-is 3421, 378–e, 3781, 3782, 379–e, 380–e da 381–e (Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebuli ganaCenis Seusruleblobis nawilSi) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulebs, agreTve sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis teritoriaze momxdar danaSauls;

- saqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministross garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministross garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministross garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 287–e–306–e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulebs.

32

erT warmoebaSi ramdenime braldebis (erTi an ramdenime piris mimarT) gaerTianebisas saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobasac ganekuTvneba saqme ufro mZime danaSaulis Taobaze. rac Seexeba teritoriul sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobasteritoriul sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobasteritoriul sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobasteritoriul sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas, gamoZiebas awarmoebs gamomZiebeli, romlis iurisdiqciac vrceldeba teritoriaze, sadac danaSauli moxda. iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac Cadenilia ramdenime danaSauli, saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobasac ganekuTvneba yvelaze mZie danaSauli. SesaZlebelia gamoZiebis procesSi gamovlindes, rom saqme uwyebrivad an teritoriulad ganekuTvneba sxva gamomZieblis qvemdebareobas. aseT dros gamomZiebeli valdebulia Caataros gadaudebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi da saqme gadasces prokurors sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis mixedviT warmarTvisaTvis. qvemdebareobasan dakavSirebiT davis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebas iRebs zemdgomi prokurori. amasTan erTad, prokurori uflebamosilia sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis miuxedavad, erTi sagamoZiebo organodan amoiRos saqme da gamosaZieblad gadasces sxva sagamoZiebo organos. §§§§4444. polici. polici. polici. policiaaaa 4.1. policiis organizacia da amocanebi4.1. policiis organizacia da amocanebi4.1. policiis organizacia da amocanebi4.1. policiis organizacia da amocanebi

policia warmoadgens ,,sisxlissamarTlebrivi iusticiis” yvelaze qveda, magram Zalzed mniSvnelovan rgols. swored policiis organoebs aqvT umetes SemTxvevebSi danaSaulebrivi da sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camden pirebTan pirveli Sexeba da swored isini axdenen pirvelad reagirebas samarTaldarRvevebTan dakavSirebiT.

sapolicio saqmianobas axorcieleben saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapolicio organoebi, kerZod, sapatrulo policia, kriminaluri policia, specialuri operatiuli departamenti, konstituciuri usafrTxoebis departamenti, sasazRvro policia, dacvis policia da sxva. garda amisa, saqarTvelos araerT saministros gaaCnia struqturuli qvedanayofi, romelic Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi axorcielebs danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolasa da axdens reagirebas administraciul samarTaldarRvevebze. aseT organoebs miekuTvnebian magaliTad, saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros samxedro policia, saqarTvelos finansTa saministros finansuri policia. saerTaSoriso doneze sapolicio uflebamosileba gaaCnia e.w. ,,interpols~,,interpols~,,interpols~,,interpols~, romelic warmoadgens kriminaluri policiis saerTaSoriso organizacias. interpoli daarsda 1923 wels venaSi Catarebul kriminaluri policiis me-2 saerTaSoriso kongresze. saqarTvelo interpolis wevria 1993 wlidan. dResdReobiT interpoli aerTianebs 181 wevr qveyanas. interpolis mizania sxvadasxva qveynebis kriminaluri policiis organoebs Soris TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobisa da adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis principebis farglebSi, danaSaulis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli organizaciebis Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa. amavdroulad, unda aRiniSnos, rom interpols ekrZaleba politikuri, samxedro, religiuri an rasobrivi xasiaTis nebismier saqmianobaSi Careva. miuxedavad amisa, interpoli mainc axdens reagirebas saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis normebis xelmyof qmedebebze. zemoaRniSnuli policiis organoebidan gansakuTrebul rols asruleben saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaSi Semavali sapolicio danayofebi, romelTa saqmianobac ganisazRvreba ,,policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniTa da sxva samarTlebrivi aqtebiT. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros policiis organoebis kompetencia danaSaulisa da sxva samarTaldarRvevebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi Zalzed farToa da igi vrceldeba danaSaulebis da sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis farTo wreze. aqedan gamonakliss warmoadgens is marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba TavdacviT-samxedro an safinanso-sagadasaxado sakiTxebs da

33

romlis winaaRmdeg brZolasac awarmoebs samxedo an finansuri policia Tavisi viwro kompetenciis farglebi9. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelos farglebSi rodesac policiis saqmianobazea saubari, aq moiazreba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaSi Semavali policiis organoebis saqmianoba. ,,policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxli policiis ZiriTad amocanebad gansazRvravs:

- fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis uflebebis dacvas marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan;

- prevenciuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas danaSaulisa da sxva samarTaldarRvevebis SesaZlo safrTxis Tavidan acilebisa da aRkveTis mizniT, aseTi qmedebebis gamovlenas, gamoZiebas, danaSaulSi braldebuli piris Zebnasa da dakavebas, agreTve damnaSaveobasTan brZolis taqtikisa da strategiis SemuSavebas;

- sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da usafrTxoebis dacvas.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, policia valdebulia imoqmedos xsenebuli samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis xelyofis Tavidan asacileblad, anu samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis arsebul mdgomareobaSi SesanarCuneblad (policiis `prevenciuli~ `prevenciuli~ `prevenciuli~ `prevenciuli~ funqcia)10. Tuki mosalodneli safrTxe ukve ganxorcielda, anu garkveuli ziani dadga, sapolicio samarTalSi aRniSnul faqts `xelyofas~`xelyofas~`xelyofas~`xelyofas~ uwodeben11. rodesac samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianeba jer kidev grZeldeba da mas xelyofisTvis xelis arSeSliT kidev ufro meti ziani miadgeba, policia movalea, Tavisi prevenciuli funqciidan gamomdinare, miiRos zomebi xelyofaTa aRsakveTad. Tu xalyofa amavdroulad sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjad qmedebas warmoadgens, policia aseT SemTxvevaSi `represiuladac~`represiuladac~`represiuladac~`represiuladac~ moqmedebs, anu axorcielebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul procesualur RonisZiebebs misTvis miniWebuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi. Tu prevenciulad moqmedi policiis saqmianobas policiis Sesaxeb kanoni aregulirebs, represiulad moqmedi policiis saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi, iseve rogorc calkeuli saproceso moqmedebebi, ganisazRvreba sisxis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. amitom, mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba prevenciisaprevenciisaprevenciisaprevenciisa da represiisrepresiisrepresiisrepresiis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis sakiTxs. TeoriuladTeoriuladTeoriuladTeoriulad maiTi gamijvna xdeba im sxvaovbis mixedviT, rac arsebobs, erTis mxriv mosalodnel, jer kidev ganuxorcielebel samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofasa da meores mxriv, sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadi qmedebis Sedegad gamowveul zians (an minimum zianis miyenebis mcdelobas) Soris. policiis prevenciuli da represiuli moqmedeba praqtikuladpraqtikuladpraqtikuladpraqtikulad ki SegviZlia Semdegnairad ganvasxvavoT: Tu policiis garkveul prognozebze dafuZgarkveul prognozebze dafuZgarkveul prognozebze dafuZgarkveul prognozebze dafuZnebuli nebuli nebuli nebuli reaqcia mosalodneli zianis Tavidan acilebas ukavSirdeba, romlis drosac “xelmyofis” pirovneba araviTar rols ar TamaSobs, saubaria rogorc wesi policiis prevenciul moqmedebaze. gansxvavebiT amisagan, policiis represiuli saqmianoba warmoadgens im

9 aRsaniSnavia, rom samxedro policiisa da finansuri policiis saqmianibaze ar vrceldeba ,,policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni; maT saqmianobas awesrigebs ,,samxedro policiis Sesaxeb~ da ,,finansuri policiis Sesaxe~ saqarTvelos kanonebi. 10 gansxvavebiT amisgan, policiis amocanebs ar miekuTvneba samarTlebriv sikeTeTa movla da maTi arsebuli mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba; magaliTad, avtoavariis SemTxvevaSi policia valdebulia, izrunos saavtomobilo gzis dazianebuli avtomobilebisgan gaTavisuflebaze da daSavebuli pirebis winaswari samedicino daxmarebis dawesebulebaSi gadayvanaze, magram mas ar evaleba avtoavariis Sedegad dazianebul satransporto saSualebaTa SekeTeba da daSavebul pirTa mkurnaloba.

34

procesisprocesisprocesisprocesis nawils, romelic konkretuli pirovnebis konkretuli pirovnebis konkretuli pirovnebis konkretuli pirovnebis mimarTmimarTmimarTmimarT da (warsulSi) Cadenili da (warsulSi) Cadenili da (warsulSi) Cadenili da (warsulSi) Cadenili qmedebis gamoqmedebis gamoqmedebis gamoqmedebis gamo warmoebs, da romlis drosac braldebulis pirovnebas iseve, rogorc mis “braleulobis” sakiTxs samarTliani ganaCenis gamosatanad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba gaaCnia. swored amitom eniWeba braldebuls gansakuTrebuli samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, vidre “xelmyofs”, policiis mier prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebisas. 4.2. policiis roli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi4.2. policiis roli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi4.2. policiis roli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi4.2. policiis roli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gamoZiebas ZiriTad SemTxvevebSi sruli moculobiT awarmoebs gamomZiebeli da mas saproceso xelmZRvanelobas uwevs prokurori. aqve unda aRinoSnos, rom gamomZiebeli da prokurori sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis dros arsebiTad arian damokidebuli policiasTan TanamSromlebze. gamomZiebeli, romelic iZiebs ramodenime danaSaulis saqmes, ver SeZlebs sxvadasxva adgilas Caataros erTdroulad ramodenime sagamoZiebo moqmedebeba. amisaTvis mas did daxmarebas uweven policiis muSakebi. amitom, kanoni aniWebs gamomZiebelsa da prokurors uflebamosilebas, misces policias werilobiTi davalebebi da miTiTebebi, raTa aRmouCinos maT daxmareba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebisas (mag. Cxrekis, amoRebis, SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis dros da a.S.). policia valdebulia aseve, aRasrulos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, prokurorisa da gamomZieblis dadgenilebebi im pirTa moyvanis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavs arideben sasamarTloSi, prokuraturaSi an sagamoziebo organoebSi gamocxadebas. garda amisa, Sesabamisi davalebis safuzvelze, policia awarmoebs braldebuli da msjavrdebuli pirebis Zebnasa da dakavebas, teqnikur-kriminalistikur gamokvlevebs, aRasrulebs sasamarTlos, prokuroris da gamomZieblis gadawyvetilebebs piris dakavebis an dapatimrebis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofs dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli pirebis dacvasa da maT patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi gadayvanas12. zemoaRniSnuli ise ar unda iqnes gagebuli, rom policias damoukideblad, prokuraturis davalebebisa da miTiTebebis gareSe ar SeuZlia gamoZebis warmoeba da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catareba. policias Tavisi funqciidan gamomdinare, ufleba aqvs gadaudebeli aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu dayovneba safrTxes uqmnis adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, daubrkoleblad Sevides sacxovrebel binebsa da Senoba-nagebobebSi danaSaulis aRsakveTad an im piris dasakaveblad, romelmac Caidina danaSauli an romelic braldebulia danaSaulis CadenaSi. amasan erTad, policia uflebamosilia ganaxorcielos operatiul-samZebro da operatiul-teqnikuri RonisZiebebi, aseve sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi im danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, gamovlenis da aRkveTis mizniT, romlis gamoZieba kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad policiis kompetencias ganekuTvneba13. amasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom policiam danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis, aseve mis mier ganxorcielebuli sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, dauyovnebliv unda acnobos prokuraturas, romelic Semdgom zedamxedvelobs gamoZiebas. rogorc aukve aRiniSna, prokuratura uflebamosilia daavalos policias calkeuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. prokuratura davalebebsa da miTiTebebs qvemdebareobis mixedviT awvdis policiis Sesabamis organos, ris Semdegac policia Tavad gansazRvravs RonisZiebis Catarebis moculobasa da Catarebis wess. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis mxridan prokuraturis davalebebisa da miTiTebebis Sesasruleblad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebaTa bunebas, anu rogori xaiaTi aqvs mas, prevenciuli Tu represiuli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis dros prokuraturas ufleba aqvs policias daavalos represiulirepresiulirepresiulirepresiuli

12 policiis movaleobebis Sesaxeb ix. ,,policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxli. 13 policiis uflebebis Taobaze ix. ,,policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxli.

35

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba, magaliTad danaSaulis Camdeni piris dakaveba, Cxreka, amoReba da a.S. prevenciuli xasiaTis sapolicio RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba ki, romlis mizanicaa sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebisa da wesrigisaTvis mosalodneli an arsebuli safrTxis Tavidan acileba, mxolod policiis kompetencias miekuTvneba. amasTan dakavSirebiT SesaZlebelia martivi magalitis motana: SeiaraRebuli a, romelmac banki gaZarcva da Tan b mZevlad xelSi Caigdo, SeiaraRebuli a, romelmac banki gaZarcva da Tan b mZevlad xelSi Caigdo, SeiaraRebuli a, romelmac banki gaZarcva da Tan b mZevlad xelSi Caigdo, SeiaraRebuli a, romelmac banki gaZarcva da Tan b mZevlad xelSi Caigdo, moiTxovs moiTxovs moiTxovs moiTxovs misTvis mZevalTan da naZarcv fulTan erTad bankis datovebisa da gaqcevis saSualebis misTvis mZevalTan da naZarcv fulTan erTad bankis datovebisa da gaqcevis saSualebis misTvis mZevalTan da naZarcv fulTan erTad bankis datovebisa da gaqcevis saSualebis misTvis mZevalTan da naZarcv fulTan erTad bankis datovebisa da gaqcevis saSualebis micemas. prokurori p ki miuTiTebs policielebs, rommicemas. prokurori p ki miuTiTebs policielebs, rommicemas. prokurori p ki miuTiTebs policielebs, rommicemas. prokurori p ki miuTiTebs policielebs, rom dakavebis mizniTdakavebis mizniTdakavebis mizniTdakavebis mizniT esresresresrolon aolon aolon aolon a----ssss rogorc ki igirogorc ki igirogorc ki igirogorc ki igi mZevalTan erTadmZevalTan erTadmZevalTan erTadmZevalTan erTad banks datovebs. daismis kiTxva, Tu ramdenad kanonieriabanks datovebs. daismis kiTxva, Tu ramdenad kanonieriabanks datovebs. daismis kiTxva, Tu ramdenad kanonieriabanks datovebs. daismis kiTxva, Tu ramdenad kanonieria pppp----s miTiTeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamyeneba s miTiTeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamyeneba s miTiTeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamyeneba s miTiTeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamyeneba mZevlis gasaTavisufleblad, prevenciul samZevlis gasaTavisufleblad, prevenciul samZevlis gasaTavisufleblad, prevenciul samZevlis gasaTavisufleblad, prevenciul sapolicio RonisZiebas warmoadgens da policio RonisZiebas warmoadgens da policio RonisZiebas warmoadgens da policio RonisZiebas warmoadgens da amasTan dakavSirebiT yovelgvar gadawyvetilebas Tavad policia iRebs sxvaTa amasTan dakavSirebiT yovelgvar gadawyvetilebas Tavad policia iRebs sxvaTa amasTan dakavSirebiT yovelgvar gadawyvetilebas Tavad policia iRebs sxvaTa amasTan dakavSirebiT yovelgvar gadawyvetilebas Tavad policia iRebs sxvaTa miTiTebebis gareSe.miTiTebebis gareSe.miTiTebebis gareSe.miTiTebebis gareSe. SesabamSesabamSesabamSesabamisadisadisadisad,,,, prokurors ara aqvs ufleba policias Tavis prokurors ara aqvs ufleba policias Tavis prokurors ara aqvs ufleba policias Tavis prokurors ara aqvs ufleba policias Tavis prevenciul prevenciul prevenciul prevenciul saqmianobasTansaqmianobasTansaqmianobasTansaqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT aseTiaseTiaseTiaseTi saxissaxissaxissaxis miTiTeba misces. miTiTeba misces. miTiTeba misces. miTiTeba misces. praqtikaSi xSirad aqvs adgili iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac policieli erTdroulad axorcielebs, rogorc prevenciuli ise represiuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebs. magaliTad avto avariis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac avariis gamomwvevi mZRoli SemTxvevis adgilidan miimala, policias akisria valdebuleba, daadginos mimaluli mZRolis vinaoba da daakavos igi. garda amisa, policiam imavdroulad unda izrunos avto avariis Sedegad daSavebuli pirebisaTvis pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenaze da maT saavadmyofoSi gadayvanaze. unda aRiniSnos aseve, rom policiis mier ganxorcielebuli sapolicio RonisZiebani, rogorebicaa magaliTad, Cxreka, amoReba da a.FS. SeiZleba erTdroulad rogorc gamoZiebas (sisxlis samarTlebriv devnas), ise safrTxeSi arsebul samarTlebriv sikeTeTa prevenciul dacvas emsaxurebodnen. magaliTad, Tu policia demonstraciisaken mimavali avtomobilis Cxrekis Sedegad dauregistrirebel cecxlsasrol iaraRs amoiRebs da mas mis mflobels CamoarTmevs, aRniSnuli xorcieldeba, rogorc mtkicebulebaTa urunvelsayofad, ise demonstraciaSi monawile pirTa usafrTxoebisaTvis. sapolicio RonisZiebebs organizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg brZolis dros ZiriTadad ormagi funqcia moudis. policiis mier sistematiurad informaciebis mopoveba kriminaluri organizaciebis, maTi saqmianobis, struqturis, organizaciis wevrebisa da maTi funqciebis Sesaxeb, SesaZlebelia or mizansor mizansor mizansor mizans erTdroulad emsaxurebodes:

- ukve Cadenuli danaSaulis gamoZiebas, danaSaulis organizatorebisa da amsruleblebis dakavebas (represia);

- kriminaluri organizaciis daSlas da maTi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis prevencias.

§§§§5555. braldebuli da misi advokati. braldebuli da misi advokati. braldebuli da misi advokati. braldebuli da misi advokati 5.1. braldebuli5.1. braldebuli5.1. braldebuli5.1. braldebuli 5.1.1. braldebulis cneba5.1.1. braldebulis cneba5.1.1. braldebulis cneba5.1.1. braldebulis cneba danaSaulis faqtTan dakavSirebiT dawyebuli gamoZiebis Sedegad, rogorc wesi, adre Tu gvian xdeba eWvmitanili piris gamovlena, romelic SesaZlebelia danaSaulis potenciuri amsrulebeli an Tanamonawile yofiliyo. maSinac ki, rodesac piris mimarT eWvis obieqturi safuZveli arsebobs, es main ar aqcevs mas avtomaturad braldebulad. imisaTvis, rom danaSaulSi eWvmitanils mieniWos ,,,,,,,,braldebulisbraldebulisbraldebulisbraldebulis~~~~ procesualuri

36

statusi, saWiroa kanoniT dadgenili wesiT misi braldebulad cnoba. garda amisa, pirs braldebulis statusi mieniWeba, Tu mas daakaveben. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-3 muxlis me-19 nawilSi ganmartebulia braldebulis cneba, romlis Tanaxmad, braldebuli aris piri, vis mimarTac arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom man Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. unda aRiniSnos, rom mocemuli ganmarteba arasrulfasovania da saWiroebs ganvrcobas. mxolod dasabuTebuli varaudis arseboba ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom piri CaiTvalos avtomaturad braldebulad da mieniWos mas braldebulis procesualuri uflebebi. dasabuTebuli varaudi warmoadgens im savaldebulo mticebulebiT standarts14, romlis safuZvelzec unda moxdes piris braldebulad cnoba an dakaveba. Sesabamisad, umjobesi iqneboda braldebulis cneba Camoyalibebuliyo Semdegnairad: braldebuli aris dasabuTebuli varbraldebuli aris dasabuTebuli varbraldebuli aris dasabuTebuli varbraldebuli aris dasabuTebuli varaudis safuZvelze saTanado uflebamosilebiT audis safuZvelze saTanado uflebamosilebiT audis safuZvelze saTanado uflebamosilebiT audis safuZvelze saTanado uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili organos TanamSromlis mier dakavebuli an prokuroris Sesabamisi aRWurvili organos TanamSromlis mier dakavebuli an prokuroris Sesabamisi aRWurvili organos TanamSromlis mier dakavebuli an prokuroris Sesabamisi aRWurvili organos TanamSromlis mier dakavebuli an prokuroris Sesabamisi dadgenilebiT braldebulad cnobili piri. dadgenilebiT braldebulad cnobili piri. dadgenilebiT braldebulad cnobili piri. dadgenilebiT braldebulad cnobili piri. gansxvavebiT Zveli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobisagan, moqmedma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsma Camoayaliba braldebulis erTiani definiciabraldebulis erTiani definiciabraldebulis erTiani definiciabraldebulis erTiani definicia. piri romlis mimarTac dawyebulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna (romelic iwyeba piris dakavebisTanave an braldebulad cnobisTanave, ix. sssk-is 167-e muxlis pirveli nawili), braldebulad moixsenieba sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiaze. aqamde moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi dacvis mxares aniWebda sxvadasxva procesualur status sxvadasxva saproceso etapze. kerZod, Tavdapirvelad eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi mas procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piris dadgenilebiT eniWeboda ,,eWvmitanilis~,,eWvmitanilis~,,eWvmitanilis~,,eWvmitanilis~ statusi, Semdeg mas scnobdnen ,,braldebulad~,,braldebulad~,,braldebulad~,,braldebulad~ da rodesac saqme arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis sasamarTlos gadaecemoda, igi xdeboda ,,gansasjeli~,,gansasjeli~,,gansasjeli~,,gansasjeli~. dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, ,,braldebulis~ erTiani statusi moicavs rogorc ,,eWvmitanilis~, ise ,,gansasjelis~ formalur niSnebs, ris Sedegadac dacvis mxare mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi gvevlineba farTo uflebebiT aRWurvil procesis aqtiur subieqtad. piri aRniSnuli statusiT da Sesabamisi uflebebiT sargeblobs mis mimarT devnis dawyebidan pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamotanamde. Tu sasamarTlo braldebulis mimarT daadgens gamamarTlebel ganaCens, ewodeba mas ,,gamarTlebuli~,,gamarTlebuli~,,gamarTlebuli~,,gamarTlebuli~. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi, igi gvevlineba ,,msjavrdeb,,msjavrdeb,,msjavrdeb,,msjavrdebulad~ulad~ulad~ulad~. 5.1.2. piris braldebula5.1.2. piris braldebula5.1.2. piris braldebula5.1.2. piris braldebuladddd cnobacnobacnobacnoba rogorc ukve aRiniSna, piri iTvleba braldebulad dakavebis an Tu igi ar daukavebiaT, braldebulad cnobis momentidan. miuxedavad imisa, rom dakavebul pirs kanonmdebeli braldebulis uflebebs aniWebs, nebiemier SemTxvevaSi savaldebuloa damatebiT misi braldebulis statusis procesualuri gaformeba, rac ,,braldebulad cnobis~ gziT unda moxdes. Tu dakavebuli piri 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Sesabamisi procedurebis dacviT braldebulad ar iqna cnobili, igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes15. sssk-is 169-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, piris braldebulad cnobis safuZvelia gamoZiebis stadiaze Sekrebil im mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romlebic sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudisaTvis, rom am pirma danaSauli Caidina. piris braldebulad cnoba xdeba misTvis bralis wayenebis gziT. Tu prokurori gadawyvets piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebas, man udna miiRos dadgenileba

37

piris braldebis Sesaxeb da dadgenilebis miRebidan 24 saaTSi mas Tavad an gamomZieblis meSveobiT unda wauyenos brali. brali, rogorc wesi waeyeneba uSualod braldebuls, romelsac gadaecema prokuroris dadgenileba braldebis Sesaxeb TandarTuli braldebulis uflebebisa da movaleobebis nusxiT. Tu braldebuli sargeblobs advokatis momsaxurebiT, am ukanasknels ufleba aqvs daeswros bralis wayenebis proceduras16. praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac piri danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg emaleba samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebs da Tavs aridebs sagamoZiebo organoSi gamocxadebas. imisaTvis, rom msgavs SemTxvevebSi gamoZiebis process da marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas xeli ar SeeSalos, kanoni iTvaliswinebs bralis wayenebas braldebulis advokatis meSveobiT. am dros braldebis mxare sTavazobs braldebuls an mis axlo naTesavs advokatis ayvanas da ganusazRvravs amisaTvis gonivrul vadas. Tu aRniSnul vadaSi igi ar aiyvans advokats, maSin braldebuls savaldebulo wesiT daeniSneba advokati, romelsac Semdgom prokurori an misi davalebiT gamomZiebeli gaacnobs dadgenilebas braldebis Sesaxeb, rac CaiTvleba bralis wayenebad17. kanoni adgens garkveul SezRudvebs zogierTi Tanamdebobis pirisaTvis bralis wasayeneblad. magaliTad, sssk-is 169-e muxlis me-7 nawilis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis, saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevris braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos parlamentis Tanxmoba. aseve, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos plenumis Tanxmoba, xolo saqarTvelos sxva saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTlis braldebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanxmoba. vinaidan, braldebulad cnobis Semdeg procesis mwarmoebeli piris gadawyvetilebiT pirs SeiZleba SeezRudos calkeuli konstituciuri uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobebi da amiT mis interesebs miadges arsebiTi ziani, kanoni zustad gansazRvravs piris braldebulad cnobis vadebs, romlis gasvlis Semdegac an saqme ganxilvisaTvis unda gadaeces sasamarTlos an sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna Sewydes piris mimarT. Tu piris mimarT Sewyda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, dauSvebelia momavalSi misTvis imave bralis wayeneba. sssk-is 169-e muxlis Sesabamisad, danaSaulis erTi SemTxvevis gamo winasasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde piri braldebulad SeiZleba cnobili iyos ara umetes 9 Tvisa, Tu am vadis gasvlamde misTvis danaSaulis sxva SemTxvevis gamo ar wauyenebiaT axali brali. axali bralis wayenebisas vadis dineba wydeba da vada aiTvleba axali bralis wayenebis dRidan. magaliTad, pirs brali hqonda wayenebuli yaCaRobisaTvis, magram, yaCaRobisTvis bralis wayenebidan 4 Tvis Semdeg gamoZiebam daadgina, rom aRniSnul danaSaulTan erTad mas savaraudod mkvlelobac hqonda Cadenili. aseT SemTxvevaSi pirs mkvlelobisTvisac waeyeneba brali da vadis aTvla daiwyeba Tavidan. 5.1.3. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomar5.1.3. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomar5.1.3. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomar5.1.3. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomareobaeobaeobaeoba braldebuli warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis centralur figuras, radgan sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mis mimarT warmoebs da amis Sedegad procesis sxva monawileebTan SedarebiT yvelaze didi ziani mis interesebs adgeba. Sesabamisad, igi yvelaze meti procesualuri garantiebiT sargeblobs da gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dauSvebelia samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi braldebuli iyos mxolod saxelmwifo iZulebis obieqti. igi saxelmwifo iZulebis obieqtia, radgan man unda iTminos mTeli rigi saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi sakuTari nebisa da

38

survilis gareSe (magaliTad, winaswari patimroba, sxeulidan nimuSis aReba da a.S.). samarTliani procesis principis arsi swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom braldebuls, rogorc procesis aqtiur subieqtsaqtiur subieqtsaqtiur subieqtsaqtiur subieqts unda gaaCndes Tavisi konstituciuri uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad farTo SesaZleblobebi, raTa zemoqmedeba moaxdinos procesis mindinareobasa da mis Sedegebze. igi ar warmoadgens braldebis pasiur samiznes. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba, romelic efuZneba samarTliani procesis princips, aRiarebs braldebuls samarTalwarmoebis aqtiur monawiled da aniWebs mas Sesabamis uflebebs. kanonmdebelma braldebulis ZiriTad uflebebs Tavi mouyara sssk-is 38-e da 39-e muxlebSi, romlis Sesaxeb qvemoT iqneba saubari. 5.1.3.5.1.3.5.1.3.5.1.3.1111.... TviTinkriminaciisgan dacvis privilegiaTviTinkriminaciisgan dacvis privilegiaTviTinkriminaciisgan dacvis privilegiaTviTinkriminaciisgan dacvis privilegia samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principidan gamomdinare uflebebs Soris umniSvnelovanesia piris ufleba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis dros ar gamovides mowmed sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg. Sesabamisad, dauSvebelia braldebulis yovelgvari iZuleba, raTa man sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisas aqtiurad iTanamSromlos gamoZiebis organoebTan sakuTari Tavis sazianod. aRniSnuli debuleba procesualur literaturaSi cnobilia nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare-s principis saxeliT. nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare laTinuri terminia da qarTulad niSnavs ,,aravin ar aris valdebuli, daibralos danaSauli~. istoriulad es principi Tavdapirvelad inglissSi me-17 saukuneSi ganviTarda da mogvianebiT sxva saxelmwifoTa sisxlis saproceso samarTalSic gavrcelda18. mas Tavdapirvelad hqonda is datvirTva, rom piri Tavisufldeboda Cvenebis micemis valdebulebisagan, vidre misi braldebis sakiTxs didi Jiuri ar ganixilavda19. mogvianebiT man SeiZina kidev ufro farTo mniSvneloba da pirs mieniWa TviTinkrimiTviTinkrimiTviTinkrimiTviTinkriminnnnaciisgan dacvis privilegiaaciisgan dacvis privilegiaaciisgan dacvis privilegiaaciisgan dacvis privilegia (privilege against selfprivilege against selfprivilege against selfprivilege against self----inininincriminationcriminationcriminationcrimination), rac Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTlis procesSi gulisxmobs adamianis uflebas, ar aiZulon sakuTari Tavis braleulad aRiareba da daculi iyos Cvenebis micemasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri zewolisagan20. TviTinkriminaciisagan dacvis privilegias aRiarebs agreTve saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romlis me-15 muxlSi igi principis saxiT aris asaxuli. am muxlis Tanaxmad, aravin ar aris valdebuli, Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT. pirs dakavebis momentSi an, Tu misi dakaveba ar xdeba, – braldebulad cnobisTanave, dauyovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win braldebuls sxva uflebebTan erTad unda ecnobos, rom mas aqvs dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba da aseve ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli21. Tu braldebuli sargeblobs dumilis uflebiT da uars ityvis Cvenebis an ganmartebebis micemaze, aRniSnuli ar SeiZleba Sefasdes mis sauaresod da gamoyenebul iqnes braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad22. maSinac ki, rodesac braldebuli ar sargeblobs dumilis uflebiT mas ar gaaCnia valdebuleba, ilaparakos simarTle. TviTinkriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba maSasadame, gamoricxavs braldebulis pasuxismgeblobas cru Cvenebis micemisTvisac23. 5.1.3.2. advokatis yolis ufleba5.1.3.2. advokatis yolis ufleba5.1.3.2. advokatis yolis ufleba5.1.3.2. advokatis yolis ufleba

21 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-2 nawili. 22 ix. sssk-is 74-e muxlis me-3 nawili.

39

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Sesabamisad, davis ufleba garantirebulia. dacvis uflebis garantias adgens aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,g~ qvepunqti. Sesabamisad, braldebuls, rogorc procesis aqtiur subieqts unda gaaCndes SesaZlebloba, jerovnad da efeqturad daicvas Tavi wardgenili braldebebisgan. vinaidan, xSir SemTxvevebSi, braldebuli kvalificiuri iuristis daxmarebis gareSe moklebulia dacvis saTanadod ganxorcelebisa da saproceso uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobas, kanoni mas aniWebs advokatis yolis uflebas. dacvis uflebis konstituciuri garantia konkretizirebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis sxvadasxva normebSi. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-5 punqtis mixedviT, braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve mis mier arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis ufleba, xolo Tu is uqonelia – ufleba, daeniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xarjze. advokatis yola braldebulis uflebaa da ara valdebuleba. mas advokatis momsaxurebis gareSec SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos Tavisi interesebis dacva, risTvisac braldebuls unda mieces sakmarisi dro da saSualeba24. aqedan gamonaklis warmoadgens e.w. savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevasavaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevasavaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevasavaldebulo dacvis SemTxveva, rodesac braldebuls ufleba ar aqvs uari Tqvas advokatis momsaxureobaze25. aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebulis dacvis ufleba moqmedebs sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis yvela etapze. Tumca, am uflebiT sargebloba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania gamoZiebis etapze, sadac advokati did rols TamaSobs mtkicebulebebis mopovebasa da sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebaSi26. SejibrebiTi procesis pirobebSi gamoZiebis etapze Sekrebil mtkicebulebebs aqvs sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, radgan mosamarTle damoukideblad ar atarebs sasamarTlo gamoZiebas da eyrdnoba mxareTa mier warmodgenil da gamokvleul mtkicebulebebs. amitom, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave (dakavebis momentSi, an Tu dakaveba ar xdeba, - braldebulad cnobisTanave), aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win braldebuls dauyovnebliv unda ecnobis advokatis yolis ufleba27. 5.1.3.5.1.3.5.1.3.5.1.3.3333. braldebis Sesaxeb informirebisa da saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba. braldebis Sesaxeb informirebisa da saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba. braldebis Sesaxeb informirebisa da saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba. braldebis Sesaxeb informirebisa da saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis mixedviT, yvela dakavebul pirs dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos dakavebis mizezebis, maT Soris ,,misTvis wardgenili nebismieri braldebis~ Sesaxeb. aseve, me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,a~ qvepunqti yvelas, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, aniWebs uflebas misTvis gasageb enaze dauyovnebliv da dawvrilebiT ecnobos wardgenili braldebis arsi da safuZveli. braldebuls samarTalwarmoebis adreul etapzeve unda ecnobos mis winaaRmdeg arsebuli braldebis Sesaxeb, raTa man efeqtianad SeZlos sasamarTloSi Tavis dacva28. sssk-is 38-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, pirs dakavebis momentSi an, Tu dakaveba ar xdeba, – braldebulad cnobisTanave, dauyovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win misTvis gasageb enaze unda ecnobos, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi arsebobs mis mimarT dasabuTebuli varaudi. amasTan erTad, mas unda gadaeces dakavebis oqmis an, Tu is ar daukavebiaT, – braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli. dakavebis momentSi piris aRniSnulis Taobaze informirebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan amiT dakavebuls saSualeba eZleva, gaasaCivros dakavebis safuZvlianoba da kanoniereba29.

24 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-6 nawili. 27 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

40

rogorc wesi, dakavebisas pirs zepirad atyobineben braldebis Sesaxeb da Semdgom gadascemen dakavebis oqmsac, sadac sisxlis samarTlTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulia miTiTebuli, romlis CadenaSic aris igi braldebuli. braldebis Sesaxeb informirebis ufleba warmoadgens universalur uflebas da igi moqmedebs rogorc mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros, ise naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevebSi30. imisaTvis, rom braldebulma wardgenili braldebisagan saTanadod daicvas Tavi, zemoaRniSnulis garda, procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia, gaacnos dacvis mxares saqmis masalebi, maT Soris braldebis mtkicebulebebi31. saqmis masalebis gacnobis da maTi aslebis miRebis ufleba gaaCnia, rogorc braldebuls, ise mis advokats32. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi advokatis gareSe monewileoba braldebuls ar uzRudavs aRniSnuli uflebiT sargeblobas. 5.1.3.4. mtkicebulebebis mopovebis ufleba5.1.3.4. mtkicebulebebis mopovebis ufleba5.1.3.4. mtkicebulebebis mopovebis ufleba5.1.3.4. mtkicebulebebis mopovebis ufleba rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Tanamedrove qarTul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso samarTlalSi procesis SejibrebiToba da Tanasworoba garantirebulia sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis yvela stadiaze. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave braldebuli uflebamosilia Caataros alternatiuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi da Tavis sasargeblod moipovos mtkicebulebebi. braldebuli aRniSnuli uflebis realizacias axdens piradad an advokatis daxmarebiT, mxareebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebisas sargebloben Tanabari procesualuri uflebebiT33. kanoni braldebulis mier mopovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebis Tanabar iuridiuli Zalas aniWebs34. imisaTvis, rom gamoZiebis etapze SejibrebiTobisa da Tanasworobis principi iyos uzrunvelyofili, mosamarTle valdebulia daxmareba AaRmouCinos dacvis mxares mtkicebulebebis gamoTxovasa da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis CatarebaSi. Tu mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi sagamoZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac braldebuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver atarebs, igi uflebamosilia Sesabamisi ganCinebis gamotanis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis moqmedebas atareben samarTaldamcavi organoebi, xolo mosamarTle valdebulia miiRos yvela zoma, raTa braldebis mxarisaTvis cnobili ar gaxdes dacvis mxaris mier mtkicebulebis mopoveba35. 5.1.3.5. saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobis miRebis uf5.1.3.5. saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobis miRebis uf5.1.3.5. saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobis miRebis uf5.1.3.5. saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobis miRebis uflebalebalebaleba garda zemoaRniSnulisa, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba braldebuls, rogorc procesis aqtiur subieqts aniWebs uflebas, miiRos monawileoba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebSi. gamoZiebis etapze braldebuli uflebamosilia moiTxovos dacvis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebSi monawileobis miReba. dacvis mxares monawileobis miRebis SesaZlebloba aqvs aseve braldebis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ganxorcielebul calkeul saproceso moqmedebebSi, magaliTad, gamoZiebis dros braldebis mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze

32 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-13 nawili. 34 sssk-is 39-e muxlis pirveli nawili. 35 ix. sssk-is 39-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

41

magistrati mosamarTlis mier mowmis dakiTxvisas36. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros braldebis mxaris monawileoba savaldebuloa. braldebuls ar unda SeezRudos sasamarTloSi misi braldebis saqmis ganxilvis dros monawileobis SesaZlebloba37. braldebuls, romelic monawileobs sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebSi, ufleba aqvs aqtiurad CaerTos maT mimdinareobaSi. dacvis uflebaTa uzrunvelsayofad braldebuls kanoni aZlevs SesaZleblobas, daayenos Suamdgomlobebi procesis mwarmoebel pirebTan da ganucxados maT acileba, gamoikvlios dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebebi imave pirobebSi, rogorc braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva xdeba, dausvavs SekiTxvebi procesis monawileebs da gamoTqvas Tavisi azri calkeul garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT da sxva. yovelive aRniSnuli procesis SejibrebiTobis uzrunvelyofasa da mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis principis emsaxureba38. 5.1.3.6. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.1.3.6. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.1.3.6. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.1.3.6. gasaCivrebis ufleba imisaTvis, rom braldebuli daculi iyos procesi mwarmoebeli pirebis TviTnebobisagan da Tavidan iqnes acilebuli am ukanasknelTa Secdomebi, mas kanoni aniWebs uflebas gaasaCivros gamomZieblis, prokurorisa da sasamarTlos moqmedebebi da gadawyvetilebebi39. braldebuli gamoZiebis etapze gamomZieblis moqmedebebs asaCivrebs prokurorTan, prokurorisas ki – zemdgom prokurorTan an sasamarTloSi. rac Seexeba magistrati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebas, igi asaCivrebs zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis Semdeg msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni rogorc saapelacio, ise sakasacio wesiT. amasTan erTad, braldebuli (msjavrdebuli) uflebamosilia, gaecnos braldebis mxaris mier Setanil saCivars da masze gamoTqvas mosazreba40. 5.1.3.6. braldebulis movaleobebi5.1.3.6. braldebulis movaleobebi5.1.3.6. braldebulis movaleobebi5.1.3.6. braldebulis movaleobebi rogorc ukve aRiniSna, braldebuli ar aris valdebuli aqtiurad iTanamSromlos gamoZiebis organoebTan sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani garemoebebis dasadgenad, Tumca man gamoZiebisa da marTlmsajulebis interesebidan gamomdinare, unda iTminos mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli mTeli rigi saproceso iZulebisa da aRkveTis RonisZiebani. magaliTad, man unda iTminos mis mimarT gamoyenebuli patimroba; man ar unda SeuSalos xeli mis wardgenas amosacnobad da a. S. garda amisa, man xeli ar unda SeuSalos gamoZiebas mowmeebze da procesis sxva monawileebze zemoqmedebis ganxorcielebis gziT. cru Cvenebis micemaze mowmis dayoliebisTvis, mtkicebulebebis gayalbebis an ganadgurebisaTvis mas damatebiT daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba41. 5.2. braldebulis advokati5.2. braldebulis advokati5.2. braldebulis advokati5.2. braldebulis advokati 5.2.1. advokatis 5.2.1. advokatis 5.2.1. advokatis 5.2.1. advokatis roliroliroliroli sisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSi

36 ix. sssk-is 114-e muxlis me-3 nawili. 37 38 39 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-15 nawili. 40 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-14 nawili. 41 ix. ssk-is 368-e, 3691-e da 372-e muxlebi.

42

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, SejibrebiT procesSi simarTlis dadgena damokidebulia mxareebis mier sasamarTloSi warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze. braldebisa da dacvis mxare saqmesTan dakavSirebul faqtobriv garemoebebs warmoaCenen gansxvavebuli Tvalaxedvidan da mosamarTlec Tavis ganaCenSi iziarebs im mxaris pozicias, romelic ukeTesad aris faqtobrivad da samarTlebrivad argumentirebuli. amitom, samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi procesis samarTlianobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mxareTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas. samarTlebrivi normebis saTanadod arcodnis gamo braldebuls xSir SemTxvevebSi Tavad ar Seswevs unari daupirispirdes masze gacilebiT ukeTesad organizirebul sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aparats. braldebulis, romelic imyofeba patimrobaSi, kidev ufro SezRuduli aqvs wardgenili braldebebisagan Tavis dasacvis SesaZleblobebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebulis dacvis ufleba, romelic mas konstituciiT da sxva samarTlebrivi normebiT aqvs miniWebuli (e.w. materialuri dacvamaterialuri dacvamaterialuri dacvamaterialuri dacva) maSin aris garantirebuli, rodesac braldebulis interesebis dasacavad sisxlis samarTlis procesSi farTo uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili procesis monawile formalurad moqmedebs (e.w. formaluri dacvaformaluri dacvaformaluri dacvaformaluri dacva). Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli deficiti sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas advokatma unda daabalansos. advokati, rogorc dacvis mxare, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi upirispirdeba braldebis mxares da cdilobs wardgenili braldebis safuZvlianobis kixvis niSnis qveS dayenebas, aseve braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis Sesamsubuqebas. ,,advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, braldebulis uflebebi SeiZleba daicvas mxolod umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone saqarTvelos moqalaqem, romelsac gavlili aqvs advokatTa testireba an Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTleTa (prokuraturis muSakTa) sakvalifikacio gamocda. garda amisa, mas unda hqondes iuristad an advokatis staJiorad muSaobis aranakleb 1 wlis staJi. 5.2.2. advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba5.2.2. advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba5.2.2. advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba5.2.2. advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs erTgvarovani pozicia. mecnierTa didi nawili advokats samarTlebrivi wesrigis damcvelad samarTlebrivi wesrigis damcvelad samarTlebrivi wesrigis damcvelad samarTlebrivi wesrigis damcvelad miiCnevs, romelic ara marto braldebulis, aramed sajaro interesebis Sesabamisadac moqmedebs. nawili ki uaryofs aRniSnul mosazrebas da adokats sisxlis samarTlis procesSi rogorc braldebulis interesebis wbraldebulis interesebis wbraldebulis interesebis wbraldebulis interesebis warmomadgenlarmomadgenlarmomadgenlarmomadgenlssss aRiarebs. Sesabamisad, advokatis samarTlebriv mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT iuridiul literaturaSi safuZveli Caeyara ,,samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriasa~,,samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriasa~,,samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriasa~,,samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriasa~ da ,,mxaris interesebis ,,mxaris interesebis ,,mxaris interesebis ,,mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teorias~warmomadgenlis Teorias~warmomadgenlis Teorias~warmomadgenlis Teorias~, romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT iqneba saubari. 5.2.2.1. samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoria5.2.2.1. samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoria5.2.2.1. samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoria5.2.2.1. samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoria samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriis mixedviT, advokati sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis dros icavs braldebulis interesebs da amavdroulad axorcielebs kontrols imaze, Tu ramdenad samarTlianad warimarTeba saxelmwifos mxridan sisxlis samarTlis procesi. samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi mZime braldebis saqmeze SeuZlebelia advokatis monawileobis gareSe samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofa, radgan, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, braldebuli damoukideblad ver SeZlebda wardgenili braldebebisagan Tavis saTanadod dacvas da igi bralmdebelTan SedarebiT uTanasworo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda. aseT dros swored advokati unda daupirispirdes sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aparats da uzrunvelyos mxareTa procesualuri Tanasworoba. vinaidan, sazogadoeba gansakuTrebulad aris dainteresebuli samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofiT, advokati moqmedebs maSasadame, aramarto braldebulis, aramed sajaro interesebis Sesabamisadac. amitom, advokati sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tavisi funqciiT arsebiTad gansxvavdeba warmomadgenlisagan, romelic gvevlineba samoqalaqo procesis dros.

43

samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvis Teoriis mimdevrebi xazs usvamen agreTve advokatis damoukideblobas sasamarTlosa da prokuraturisagan. advokati uwyebrivad ar eqvemdebareba arc sasamarTlos da arc prokuraturis organoebs. advokati aris Tavisufali profesiis piri, romelic emorCileba mxolod kanonsa da profesiuli eTikis normebs42 da mis saqmianobaze sasamarTlo ar axorcielebs araviTar kontrols. Sesabamisad, isini advokats miiCneven prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos Tanasworuflebian procesis subieqtad, romlis funqcia am ukanasknelebTan erTad samarTlebrivi wesrigis dacvaze zrunvaa. 5.2.2.2. mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teor5.2.2.2. mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teor5.2.2.2. mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teor5.2.2.2. mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teoriaiaiaia zemoaRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT, mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teoria miuTiTebs imaze, rom dacvis ufleba braldebulisTvis kanoniT miniWebuli garantiaa. vinaidan, braldebuli Tavis interesebs damoukidebladdamoukidebladdamoukidebladdamoukideblad gansazRvravs, mxolod misi gadasawyvetia daicavs Tu ara igi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tavis interesebs advokatis meSveobiT. Sesabamisad, am Teoriis mxardamWerebi advokatis amocanad miiCneven mxolod braldebulisTvis kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi daxmarebas. maTi SexedulebiT, advokatis moqmedebebi SezRudulia braldebulis miTiTebebiT da masTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT, amasTan, advokatis uflebamosileba Semoifargleba braldebulis uflebebiT. amitom, isini ar eTanxmebian im mosazrebas, rom advokati braldebulis interesebis dacvis paralelurad sajaro interesebiT ganpirobebul samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principebze orientirebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis uzrunevelyofazec zrunavs. mxaris interesebis warmomadgenlis Teoria ar imsaxurebs mxardaWerasar imsaxurebs mxardaWerasar imsaxurebs mxardaWerasar imsaxurebs mxardaWeras Semdegi garemoebebis gamo: imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom braldebuls sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aparatTan urTierTobis saWiro gamocdileba ar gaaCnia, dauSvebelia samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi dacvis strategiis arCeva braldebulze iyos nebismier SemTxvevaSi mindobili. marTalia, advokati damokidebulia braldebulis miTiTebebze, magram, igi am miTiTebebs mxolod im farglebSi asrulebs, rac gamarTlebulia braldebulis dacvis interesebiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, advokats ufleba ar aqvs imoqmedos braldebulis sazianod. ufro metic, advokati uflebamosilia daayenos Suamdglomloba sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, maSinac ki, roca braldebuli Tavs fsiqikurad janmrTelad miiCnevs da eqspertis mier Semowmebis winaaRmdegia. amasTan erTad, aRsaniSnavia, rom advokatis monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis proceSi yovelTvis braldebulis survilze ar aris damokidebuli. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac braldebuls advokati savaldebulo wesiT SeiZleba daeniSnos43. braldebulisTvis savaldebulo wesiT advokatis daniSvna gamomdinareobs marTlmsajulebisa da samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofis interesebidan. Tavadac rom iyos braldebuli advokati, mas ufleba ar aqvs uari Tqvas advokatis momsaxureobaze, Tuki aris savaldebulo dacvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime safuZveli. maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi advokati gvevlineba ara marto braldebulis interesebis damcvelad, aramed procesis samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis garantadac, razec gansakuTrebiT didia sajaro interesi. 5.2.3. advokatis uflebebi 5.2.3. advokatis uflebebi 5.2.3. advokatis uflebebi 5.2.3. advokatis uflebebi sssk-is 44-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, advokatma dacvis yvela kanonieri saSualeba da xerxi unda gamoiyenos im garemoebaTa gamosavlenad, romlebic amarTlebs

42 ix. ,,advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli muxlis me-2 punqti. 43

44

braldebuls an/da amsubuqebs mis pasuxismgeblobas. Sesabamisad, kanonmdebeli braldebulisTvis wardgenili braldebebisagan jerovani da efeqturi dacis uzrunvelsayofad advokats sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aniWebs farTo uflebebs, maT Soris braldebulis yvela uflebas (garda im uflebebisa, romlebiTac, am ufflebaTa bunebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba mxolod braldebulma isargeblos44), romelTaganac gansakuTrebiT xazi unda gaesvas Semdegs: 5.2.3.1. 5.2.3.1. 5.2.3.1. 5.2.3.1. sagamoZiebosagamoZiebosagamoZiebosagamoZiebo moqmedebebzemoqmedebebzemoqmedebebzemoqmedebebze da sasamarTda sasamarTda sasamarTda sasamarTlo ganxilvazelo ganxilvazelo ganxilvazelo ganxilvaze daswrebis uflebadaswrebis uflebadaswrebis uflebadaswrebis ufleba advokati uflebamosilia daeswros calkeul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs. kerZod, advokats ar unda SeezRudos iseT sagamoZiebo moqmedebeze daswrebis SesaZlebloba, romelSic monawileobs braldebuli an romelic tardeba dacvis mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze. advokats droulad unda ecnobos Casatarebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dro da adgili. Tu advokats gonivrul vadaSi ar ecnoba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dro da adgili, aseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedeba ar unda Catardes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, advokatis monawileobis gareSe Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebuleba dauSvebladmtkicebuleba dauSvebladmtkicebuleba dauSvebladmtkicebuleba dauSveblad unda iqnes cnobili45. advokatis daswrebis gareSe SesaZlebelia Catardes sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, Tu advokati arasapatio mizeziT ar iRebs monawileobas daniSnul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi. Tu advokati sapatio mizeziT ar gamocxaddeba sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileobis misaRebad, maSin misi Catareba erTjeradad gonivruli vadiT unda gadaidos. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg sagamoZiebo moqmedeba SeiZleba advokatis monawileobis gareSec Catardes, Tu ar arsebobs savaldebulo dacvis SemTxveva46. advokats SeiZleba SeezRudos braldebis mxaris iniciativiTYganxorcielebul iseT sagamoZiebo moqmedebebze daswrebis SesaZlebloba, romlebSic braldebuli ar iRebs monawileobas. efeqtiani dacvis ganxorcileleba SeuZlebeli iqneboda Tu advokats ar miecemoda sasamarTlo sxdomebze daswrebis SesaZlebloba. amitom, kanonmdebeli advokats aniWebs sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvaze daswrebis SeuzRudav uflebamosilebas. aq igulisxmeba rogorc winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, ise saqmis arsebiT ganxilvaze advokatis daswreba. aRniSnuli ufleba advokats unarCundeba agreTve saapelacio da sakasawio warmoebis drosac. 5.2.3.2. saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba5.2.3.2. saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba5.2.3.2. saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba5.2.3.2. saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufleba warmoadgens advokatis erT-erT mniSvnelovan uflebas. braldebis mtkicebulebebisa da saqmis masalebis gacnobis Sedegad advokats eZleva SesaZlebloba, imsjelos Tu ramdenad safuZvliania braldeba. amis garda, mas SeuZlia airCios dacvis swori strategia da braldebis mtkicebulebaTa gasabaTileblad ganaxorcielos sxvadasxva saproceso moqmedebebi. saqmis masalebSi moiazreba yvela is mtkicebuleba da informacia, rac SesaZlebelia braldebis mxaris mier wardgenili iqnes sasamarTloSi, magaliTad, calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis oqmebi, nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, dokumentebi, foto da audio-video Canawerebi da a. S. am uflebiT sargebloba advokats SeuZlia misi dacvis qveS myofi piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave. moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, advokats unda gadaeces sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebuli masalebi sruli moculobiT. gamonaklis warmoadgens operatiuli-samZebro RonisZiebebis Sedegad miRebuli informacia, romlis gacnobazec advokats SeiZleba mxolod maSin eTqvas uari, Tu prokuroris saTanado Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlo miiRebs aseT

44 ix. sssk-is 44-e muxlis me-3 nawili. 45 ix. sssk-is 40-e muxlis me-3 nawili. 46

45

gadawyvetilebas47. aRniSnuli SezRudva moqmedebs mxolod winasasamarTlo sxdomamde. winasasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvamde 5 dRiT adre dacvis mxares unda gadaeces braldebis mxaris xelT arsebuli yvela masala48. 5.2.3.3. alternatiuli gam5.2.3.3. alternatiuli gam5.2.3.3. alternatiuli gam5.2.3.3. alternatiuli gamoZiebis warmobis uflebaoZiebis warmobis uflebaoZiebis warmobis uflebaoZiebis warmobis ufleba braldebulis advokati uflebamosilia sagamoZiebo organoebis paralelurad Tavad Caataros alternatiuli gamoZieba da daadginos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani garemoebebi. magaliTad, advokats saproceso kanonmdebloba aZlevs SesaZleblobas gamokiTxos pirebi, daaTvalieros SemTxvevis adgili dacvis mxaresaTvis xelsayreli mtkicebulebaTa aRmosaCenad, moiwvios eqsperti calkeuli garemoebebis dasadgenad d a.S. amasTan erTad, mas aqvs ufleba daayenos mosamarTlesTan Suamdgomloba iseTi saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis Taobaze, romlebsac igi damoukideblad ver Caatarebs49. advokatis mier Sekrebili mtkicebulebebis sisxlis samarTlis procesSi dasaSvebobis sakiTxs sabolood wyvets winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle mxareTa monawileobiT. 5.2.3.4. mowmis dakiTx5.2.3.4. mowmis dakiTx5.2.3.4. mowmis dakiTx5.2.3.4. mowmis dakiTxvisa da azris visa da azris visa da azris visa da azris gamoTqmisgamoTqmisgamoTqmisgamoTqmis uflebauflebauflebaufleba zemoT ukve vaxseneT, rom SejibrebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mxarebi valdebuli arian warmoadginon TavianTi mtkicebulebebi. warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva mimdinareobs mxareTa aqtiuri monawileobiT. mowmis Cvenebis SemTxvevaSi, mowmes pirdapiri dakiTxvis wesiT jer dakiTxavs misi momwvevi mxare, xolo amis Semdeg, mas jvardini dakiTxvis wesiT dakiTxavs mowinaaRmdege mxare. swored jvaredini dakiTxvis gziT mxareebi amowmeben mowmisa da misi Cvenebis sandoobas. vinaidan, braldebuls ar aqvs mowmis dakiTxvis sakmarisi gamocdileba, efeqtiani dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, mowmisaTvis kiTxvebis dasmis SesaZlebloba uda mieces nebismier SemTxvevaSi advokatsac. mowmis Cvenebis Semowmebis SesaZlebloba advokats ar unda SeezRudos im mizeziT, rom braldebulma ukve piradad awarmoa mowmis dakiTxva. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, advokati aqtiurad monawileobs mowmeTa dakiTxvaSi, rogorc gamoZiebis, ise saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis etapze. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros advokats ufleba aqvs aseve dausvas SekiTxvebi eqspertebs, gamoTqvas azri mxareTa mier warmodgenili sxvadasxva mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT da mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevis dasrulebis Semdeg waradginos daskvniTi sityva. 5.2.3.4. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.2.3.4. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.2.3.4. gasaCivrebis ufleba5.2.3.4. gasaCivrebis ufleba advokats kanoniT ezRudeba braldebulis nebis sawinaaRmdegod saCivris Setanis ufleba. adokats mxolod braldebulis TanxmobiT da saxeliT SeuZlia gaasaCivros gamomZieblis, prokuroris an sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. es SezRudva ar moqmedebs maSin, roca braldebuli arasrulwlovania an aqvs iseTi fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli, romelic SeuZlebels xdis misgan Tanxmobis miRebas50. aseT dros advokati moqmedebs braldebulisgan damoukideblad da sakuTari saxeliT asaCivrebs procesis mwarmoebeli pirebis qmedebebsa da gadawyvetilebebs.

47 ix. sssk-is 83-e muxlis me-5 nawili. 48 ix. sssk-is 83-e muxlis me-6 nawili. 49 50 ix. sssk-is 44-e muxlis pirveli nawili.

46

5.2.4. advokatis movaleobebi 5.2.4. advokatis movaleobebi 5.2.4. advokatis movaleobebi 5.2.4. advokatis movaleobebi advokati sisxlis samarTlis procesSi unda moqmedebdes calmxrivad braldebulis interesebis Sesabamisad da mas ar ekisreba obieqturobis valdebuleba. amitom, advokatisTvis cnobilic rom iyos misi dacvis qveS myofi piris mier danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis Cadenis Sesaxeb, igi valdebulia mxari dauWiros saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis dros braldebulis gamarTlebas da ara misTvis, rogorc damnaSavisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas. aRniSnuli valdebulebidan gamomdinareobs isic, rom advokatma sasamarTloSi unda warmoadginos mxolod iseTi mtkicebulebebi, romelic braldebuls amarTlebs an umsubuqebs mas pasuxismgeblobas. advokats ufleba ar aqvs braldebulis Tanxmobis gareSe isaubros iseT garemoebebze, rac bradebuls amxels danaSaulSi an daumZimebs pasuxismgeblobas. amasTan erTad, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom advokati yovelTvis unda eyrdnobodes gauyalbebel mtkicebulebebs da man xeli ar unda SeuSalos simarTlis dadgenas. advokats ekrZaleba sasamarTloSi winaswari SecnobiT yalbi mtkicebulebebis wardgena51. maSasadame, advokati uflebamosilia dafaros simarTle da ar Tqvas yvelaferi rac misTvisaa cnobili, magram, rasac igi ityvis an waradgens sasamarTloSi, ar unda iyos sicrue da siyalbe. meti sicxadisTvis, zemoaRniSnuli SegviZlia calkeuli magaliTebis fonze qvemoT mokled CamovayaliboT. advokats ekrZaleba magaliTad:

- mtkicebulebebis falsifikacia da aseTi mtkicebulebebis sasamarTloSi warmodgena (aseTi qmedebisaTvis ssk-is 3691-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenilia sisxlissamarlebrivi pasuxismgebloba);

- mowmisadmi da dazaralebulisadmi mimarTva an maTi dayolieba cru

Cvenebis micemisaTvis an Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, aseve maT mier micemuli Cvenebis SecvlisaTvis (amgvari qmedebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi pawuxismgebloba ssk-is 372-e muxliT).

- eqspertisadmi an Tarjimnisadmi mimarTva an maTi dayolieba, raTa

eqspertma warmoadginos yalbi daskvna an Secvalos warmodgenili daskvna, xolo Tarjimanma Targmnos arasworad (ssk-is 372-e muxli);

- sasamarTloSi dasakiTxad mowmis gamoZaxeba, Tu advokatisTvis winaswar

aris cnobili, rom igi miscems cru Cvenebas. amisgan unda ganvasxvavoT SemTxveva, roca advokatisTvis moulodnelad misi gamoZaxebuli mowme sasamarTloSi dakiTxvisas braldebulis sasargeblod iZleva cru Cvenebas. am SemTxvevaSi advokati ar aris valdebuli amxilos mowme cru Cvenebis micemaSi da uari Tqvas mis mier miwodebuli informaciis mtkicebulebad gamoyenebaze.

advokats ar ekrZaleba magaliTad:

- urCios braldebuls, gamoiyenos dumilis ufleba da ar misces Cveneba;

51 ix. advokatTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis me-3 nawili.

47

- urCios braldebulis ojaxis wevrs, rom gamoiyenos misTvis kanoniT miniWebuli Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba da ar gamovides sasamarTloSi misi ojaxis wevris winaaRmdeg mowmed;

- moiTxovos sasamarTloSi braldebulis gamarTleba im SemTxvevaic ki, rodesac igi darwmunebulia mis damnaSaveobaSi.

5.2.5.2.5.2.5.2.5555. a. a. a. advokatis urTierToba braldebulTandvokatis urTierToba braldebulTandvokatis urTierToba braldebulTandvokatis urTierToba braldebulTan dacva efeqtiani SeiZleba iyos mxolod maSin, roca braldebuli endoba Tavis advokats. ndobis damyarebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia, rom braldebuls advokatTan hqondes konfidencialuri urTierTobis SesaZlebloba52. braldebuls unda SeeZlos advokatisTvis informaciis gandoba im imediT, rom is braldebis mxarisaTvis ar gaxdeba xelmisawvdomi. braldebuls sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba aniWebs uflebas, hqondes SeuzRudavi urTierToba Tavis advokatTan mTliani procesis ganmavlobaSi. aRniSnuli moicavs, rogorc pirad, ise fostis, telefonisa da komunikaciis sxva saSualebebiT ganxorcielebul urTierTobebs. rodesac braldebuli ar aris dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli, mas nebismier dros SeuZlia Sexvdes advokats da ar warmoeqmneba advokatTan urTierTobis problemebi. sssk-is 43-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan konfidencialuri da Tavisufalia. dauSvebelia saxelmwifos mxridan raime saxis kontrolis ganxorcieleba maT urTierTobaze. aseve dakavebul an dapatimrebul braldebuls saxelmwifom unda Seuqmnas Sesabamisi pirobebi advokatTan urTierTobisaTvis. braldebulis an advokatis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, maT unda hqondeT erTmaneTTan Sexvedrisa da SeuzRudavi komunikaciis SesaZlebloba. erTaderT SezRudvas, rasac kanoni iTvaliwinebs, warmoadgens vizualuri meTvalyureoba, romelic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli braldebulis advokatTan Sexvedrisas53. 5.2.65.2.65.2.65.2.6. advokatis arCeva da daniSvna. advokatis arCeva da daniSvna. advokatis arCeva da daniSvna. advokatis arCeva da daniSvna 5.2.6.1. dacva SeTanxmebiT5.2.6.1. dacva SeTanxmebiT5.2.6.1. dacva SeTanxmebiT5.2.6.1. dacva SeTanxmebiT rogorc zeviT iTqva, efeqtiani dacvis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, rodesac proceSsi braldebulis ndobiT aRWurvili advokati monawileobs54. amis uzrunvelsayofad, sisxlis saproceso kanonmdebloba braldebuls aZlevs SesaZleblobas aiyvanos advokati Tavisi survilis Sesabamisad. Tu braldebuls Tavad ar Seswevs unari advokatis asayvanad (magaliTad, igi dakavebulia, arasrulwlovania da a. S.), aseT SemTxvevaSi mis axlo naTesavs an sxva nebismier pirs eniWeba uflebamosileba braldebulis nebis gaTvaliswinebiT auyvanon mas advokati. braldebulis urTierToba advokatTan wesrigdeba maT Soris gaformebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom gamomZiebels, prokurorsa da mosamarTles ekrZaleba, rekomendacia gauwios romelime advokats55. braldebulis mier ayvanil advokats ar ekisreba imis valdebuleba, rom daicvas braldebulis interesebi da uari ar Tqvas aRniSnulze sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis

52 53 ix. sssk-is 43-e muxlis me-3 nawili. 54 advokatisadmi klientis ndoba efuZneba advokatis pirad Rirsebas, patiosnebas, Seuvalobas kompetenturobas da miukerZoeblobas; ix. advokatTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis me-3 muxli. 55 ix. sssk-is 41-e muxli.

48

dasrulebamde. advokats pativsadebi mizeziT nebismier dros ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas braldebulis dacvaze. magaliTad, rodesac advokati axorcielebs erT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ramodenime braldebulis dacvas da braldebulebs Soris warmoiqmneba interesTa konfliqti (mag., braldebulebi erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg aZleven Cvenebas), advokatma profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis me-6 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, unda Sewyvitos yvela misi dacvis qveS myofi piris saqmis warmoeba, radgan aseT dros advokatis mimarT arsebobs ndobis darRvevis an konfidencialobis xelyofis realuri safrTxe. kanonis Tanaxmad, arc braldebulia SezRuduli uari Tqvas ayvanili advokatis momsaxurebaze da Tavisi interesebis dasacavad moiwvios sxva advokati. braldebuls advokatis Seclvis ufleba aqvs procesis nebismier etapze56. 5.2.6.2. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze5.2.6.2. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze5.2.6.2. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze5.2.6.2. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze samarTliani sasamarTalwarmoebis moTxovna akisrebs saxelmwifo organoebs valdebulebas, misces braldebuls mTliani sisxlis samarTalwarmobis manZilze efeqtiani dacvis SesaZlebloba. Sesabamisad, braldebuls, romelsac ar surs Tavis piradad dacva, aqvs ufleba aiyvanos sasurveli advokati, xolo Tu mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi finansuri saSualeba advokatis momsaxurebis asanazRaureblad, saproceso kanonmdebloba aniWebs mas advokatis usasyidlod momsaxurebis uflebas. sssk-is 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,a” qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, dacvis xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs, Tu gadaxdisuunaro braldebuli moiTxovs advokatis daniSvnas. saxelmwifos xarjze dacva miznad isaxavs xelmokle braldebulis mdgomareobis, finansurad SedarebiTYZlier braldebulis mdgomareobasTan gaTanabrebas57. saxelmwifos xarjze dacvis gansaxorcieleblad braldebuli an misi axlo naTesavi mimarTavs iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxurs58. am SemTxvevaSic, efeqtiani dacvis uzrunvelsayofad braldebuls ufleba aqvs SearCios misTvis sasurveli advokati, romlis mimarTac mas eqneba ndoba. saxelmwifo valdebulia aanazRauros, rogorc advokatis momsaxurebis xarji, aseve sxva xarjebic, Tu igi pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli braldebulis mier sakuTari dacvis ganxorcielebasTan59. 5.2.6.3. savaldebulo dacva5.2.6.3. savaldebulo dacva5.2.6.3. savaldebulo dacva5.2.6.3. savaldebulo dacva savaldebulo dacvis instituti warmoadgens samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principis konkretizacias. efeqtiani dacvis ganxorcielebis mimarT arsebuli sajaro interesi calkeul SemTxvevebSi savaldebulos xdis sisxlis samarTlis procesSi advokatis monawileobas. aseT dros braldebuls, miuxedavad misi finansuri mdgomareobisa, procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdobebis piris mier savaldebulo wesiT eniSneba advokati, Tu igi Tavs aridebs advokatis ayvanas60. braldebuli Tavadac rom iyos advokati, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas, savaldebuloa, rom mis interesebs icavdes advokati.

56 ix. sssk-is 38-e muxlis me-5 nawili. 57 ix. aseve treqseli, S., adamianis uflebebis sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, 2009, gv. 314. 58 iuridiuli dacvis samsaxuriiuridiuli dacvis samsaxuriiuridiuli dacvis samsaxuriiuridiuli dacvis samsaxuri warmoadgenssaqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmed sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romelic uzrunvelyofs iuridiuli konsultaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis xelmisawvdomobas; ix. ,,iuridiuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-8 muxlis pirveli punqti. 59 ix. sssk-is 46-e muxlis me-4 nawili. 60

49

sssk-is 45-e muxliT gansazRvrulia savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevebi. kerZod, savaldebuloa braldebuls hyavdes advokati:

- Tu arasrulwlovania; - Tu ar icis sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena; - Tu aqvs fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli, rac xels uSlis mis mier sakuTari dacvis

ganxorcielebas; - Tu gamotanilia ganCineba (dadgenileba) sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis

daniSvnis Sesaxeb; - Tu Cadenili qmedebisaTvis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT; - Tu masTan mimdinareobs molaparakeba saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Taobaze; - Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo; - Tu Tavs aridebs samarTaldamcav organoSi gamocxadebas; - Tu gaaZeves sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan; - Tu araidentificirebuli piria.

amrigad, savaldebulo dacvis SemTxveva ZiriTadad arsebobs, rodesac braldebuli sxvadasxva mizeziT Tavad ver SeZlebda jerovani dacvis ganxorcielebas, anda, rodesac Cadenili danaSaulisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis simZime ganapirobebs braldebulis efeqtiani dacviT uzrunvelyofis aucileblobas. aRsaniSnavia, rom sssk-is 45-e muxli ar Seicavas savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals. imave muxlis ,,k” qvepunqtis Sesabamisad, savaldebuloa braldebulisTvis advokatis yola agreTve, roca amas sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi pirdapir iTvaliswinebs. magaliTisaTvis, zemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebis garda, sasamarTlos SeuZlia braldebuls dauniSnos savaldebulo wesiT advokati, Tu braldebulis (mskavrdebulis) mier ayvanili advokatis gamoucxadebloba aWianurebs process, an xels uSlis dacvis saTanadod ganxorcielebas61. advokatis monawleobis gareSe dacva saTanadod SeiZleba ver ganxorcieldes magaliTad, rodesac ganixileba rTuli samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi (rogorc pirveli, ise zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi). aseT dros, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saqmis kompleqsuroba da marTlmsajulebis interesebidan gamomdinare dauniSnos braldebuls (msjavrdebuls) savaldebulo wesiT advokati. rodesac sisxlis samarTlis procesSi advokatis monawileoba savaldebuloa, braldebuls ganemarteba, rom man interesebis dasacavad unda iyolios advokati da advokatis asayvanad ganesazRvreba gonivruli vada. Tu braldebuli Tavs aaridebs avokatis ayvanas, maSin procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia Tavad mimarTos iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxurs braldebulisTvis advokatis daniSvnis moTxovniT. braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos misTvis daniSnuli advokatis Secvla, Tu mas am ukanasknelis mimarT ar eqneba ndoba an eWvi epareba advokatis kompetenturobaSi. braldebuls SeiZleba uari eTqvas advokatis Secvlaze, roca aRnisnuli miznad isaxavs procesis gaWianurebas an misTvis xelis SeSlas62. savaldebulo dacvis xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo, Tu sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ar monawileobs braldebulis mier ayvanili advokati63. §§§§6666. mowme. mowme. mowme. mowme 6.1. mowmis cneba6.1. mowmis cneba6.1. mowmis cneba6.1. mowmis cneba

61 ix. sssk-is 42-e muxlis me-4 nawili. 62 ix. sssk-is 42-e muxlis pirveli nawili. 63 ix. sssk-is 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,b~ qvepunqti.

50

sisxlis samarlis saproceso kodeqsis me-3 muxlis me-20 nawilis Tanaxmad, mowme aris piri, romelmac SeiZleba icodes sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa dasadgenad saWiro monacemi. Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mxareebs ufleba aqvT mowmed moiwvion nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia sasamarTloSi misces Cveneba64 sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani im faqtobrivi garemoebis (garemoebebis) Sesaxeb, romlic piradad dainaxa, moismina an sxvagvarad Seityo. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom ,,mowmis vargisianoba” damokidebulia piris unarze, sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi da misces Cveneba. sasamarTloSi piri ar SeiZleba daikiTxos mowmed, Tu igi fizikuri an fsiqikuri naklis gamo moklebulia aRniSnul unars65. vinaidan, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba ,,mowmis vargisianobas” ar ukavSirebs piris asaks, dasaSvebia mowmed sasamarTloSi arasrulwlovnebis dakiTxvac, maTi asakis miuxedavad, Tu maT SeuZliaT sworad aRiqvan, daimaxsovron da aRidginon saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi. aseve, SesaZlebelia yru-munjis mowmed gamoZaxeba, romelsac aqvs unari, Tarjimnis meSveobiT yru-munjTa niSnebiT misces sasamarTloSi Cveneba. pirisTvis mowmis procesualuri statusis miniWeba damokidebulia formalur winapirobaze, rac mdgomareobs misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze gafrTxilebasa da misTvis ficis CamorTmevaSi. piri mowmis ufleba-movaleobebs iZens mas Semdeg, rodesac mas mosamarTle saTanado wesiT gaafrTxilebs Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, aseve cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze da igi dadebs religiur an arareligiur fics. 6.2. 6.2. 6.2. 6.2. procesis sxva monawileprocesis sxva monawileprocesis sxva monawileprocesis sxva monawile,,,, rogorc mowmerogorc mowmerogorc mowmerogorc mowme klasikuri gagebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mxareebi ar moiazrebian mowmeebad. Tumca, moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gamoricxavs braldebisa da dacvis mxaris warmomadgenlebis mowmis saxiT dakiTxvas. garda amisa, mowmis statusi SeiZleba mieniWoT aseve procesis calkeul monawileebsac. sssk-is 47-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTloSi Cvenebis micemisas mowmis statusiT sargebloben, misi uflebebi eniWebaT da misi movaleobebi ekisrebaT aseve gamomZiebels, prokurors, braldebuls, dazaralebuls, eqspertsa da Tarjimans.

- gamomZiebeligamomZiebeligamomZiebeligamomZiebeli an prokuroriprokuroriprokuroriprokurori sasamarTloSi SesaZlebelia mowmis statusiT daikiTxos maT mier ganxorcielebuli sxvadasxva saproceso (sagamoZiebo) moqmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, rodesac romelime mowme uaryofs braldebis mxaris mier Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileobis faqts, an igi sasamarTloSi dakiTxvis dros gamomZiebels (prokurors) daadanaSaulebs mis daSinebaSi, SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli garemoebebis gamosarkvevad mowmed gamoZaxebuli iqnes Tavad gamomZiebeli an prokurori. aRsaniSnavia, rom mowmis saxiT Cvenebis micemis SemTxvevaSi gamomZiebeli an prokurori veRar miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobas. procesSi mowmis statusiT monawileoba warmoadgans gamomZieblisa da prokuroris acilebis safuZvels66, vinaidan, eWvqveS dgeba maT mier Semdgomad procesis obieqturi da miukerZoebeli warmoewba. Tu gamomZiebeli, romelic iZiebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmes, am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTloSi unda warsdges mowmed, savaldebuloa aseT SemTxvevaSi prokurorma sisxlis samarTlis saqme gadasces sxva gamomZiebels. xolo, Tu prokurori monawileobs imave saqmeSi mowmed, zemdgomma prokurorma unda CamoaSoros igi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebas da saqme gadasces sxva prokurors.

64 65 ix. sssk-is 50-e muxlis me-2 nawili. 66 ix. sssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,b” qvepunqti.

51

---- braldebulibraldebulibraldebulibraldebuli gansxvavebiT sxva mowmeebisgan ar aris valdebuli misces Cveneba, vinaidan mas braldebulis statusi aTavisuflebs sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis organoebTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobisgan. Tumca, igi ar aris SezRuduli, gamovides sasamarTloSi mowmed. mas ganasxvavebs sxva mowmeebisgan isic, rom braldebuls ufleba aqvs nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufleba da yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe uari ganacxados calkeul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaze. mowmes aRniSnuli ufleba ar gaaCnia da man yovelTvis unda daasabuTos kiTxvebze pasuxis gaucemlobis mizezi. Tuki mowme pasuxs agebs cru CvenebisaTvis ssk-is 370-e muxlis safuZvelze, braldebul-mowmes cru CvenebisaTvis ar daekisreba pasuxismgebloba. mas SeiZleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisros mxolod cru dasmenisTvis ssk-is 373-e muxlis Sesabamisad. SesaZlebelia aseve, braldebulma sakuTari surviliT misces Cveneba miwmis statusiT imave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi sxva TaTaTaTanabraldebulebisnabraldebulebisnabraldebulebisnabraldebulebis winaaRmdeg. rodesac zogierTi Tanabraldebulis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqme calke warmoebad gamoiyofa, dasaSvebia gamoyofili sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi braldebulis mowmed gamoZaxeba yofili Tanabraldebulebis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros, Tuki maT erTi da imave qmedebisaTvis ar edebaT brali. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri daikiTxeba ara rogorc braldebuli-mowme, aramed, rogorc Cveulebrivi mowme. dauSvebelia braldebulis nebis sawinaaRmdegod yofili Tanabraldebulebis saqmeSi misi mowmed gamoZaxeba, roca maT saerTo qmedebisaTvis aqvT brali wayenebuli, radgan igi iZulebuli gaxdeboda sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg gamosuliyo mowmed. Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna Sewyda romelime Tanabraldebulis mimarT, SesaZlebelia igi gamoiZaxon mowmed imave saqmeze. am dros piri valdebulia gasces pasuxi yvela im SekiTxvas, romelic ar amxels mas danaSaulis CadenaSi. - dazaralebulidazaralebulidazaralebulidazaralebuli gvevlineba sakuTari procesualuri uflebamosilebiT aRWurvil procesis damoukidebel monawiled67. vinaian, igi umetes SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens danaSaulisa da damnaSavis uSualo TviTmxilvels, dazaralebuls sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba amavdroulad aniWebs mowmis yvela uflebas da akisrebs mis yvela movaleobas68. dazaralebuli valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces Cveneba saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani garemoebebisa da danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis Sesaxeb. - eqspertieqspertieqspertieqsperti SesaZlebelia sasamarTloSi mxareebma gamoiZaxon mowmed da dakiTxon mis mier Catarebul saeqsperto kvlevasa da Sedgenil daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT. - aseve dasaSvebia TarjTarjTarjTarjiiiimnismnismnismnis mowmis saxiT dakiTxva, mis mier Sesrulebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis TargmanTan dakavSirebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk-is 47-e muxlSi araferia naTqvami mosamarTlisa da advokatisTvis mowmis statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gamoricxavs maTi mowmed dakiTxvis SesaZleblobas. - mxareebs ufleba aqvT imave sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi monawile mosamarTlemosamarTlemosamarTlemosamarTle, romlisTvisac SemTxveviT gaxda cnobili sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebebis dasadgenad mniSvnelovani informacia, gamoiZaxon mowmed sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros. magaliTad, magistratma mosamarTlem gamoZiebis stadiaze braldebis mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze dakiTxa mowme, romelmac dakiTxvisas danaSaulis CadenaSi amxila braldebuli. dakiTxvis Semdeg mowmem daureka mosamarTles da acnoba, rom man dakiTxvis dros cru Cveneba misca da damnaSave iyo ara braldebuli, aramed braldebulis mezobeli. amis Semdeg aRniSnuli mowme miimala da samarTaldamcavma organoebma ver SeZles misi adgilsamyofelis dadgena. msgavs

67 68 ix. aseve sssk-is 56-e muxlis pirveli nawili.

52

SemTxvevebSi braldebuls an mis advokats ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomaze Cvenebis misacemad gamoiZaxos aseTi magistrati mosamarTle. Tuki mosamarTle unda daikiTxos mowmis statusiT, mas ufleba aRar aqvs ganaxorcielos samosamarTleo uflebamosileba aRniSnul saqmeze69. motanil magaliTSi, magistrati mosamarTle veRar ganixilavs mxareTa calkeul Suamdgomlobebs gamiZiebis etapze. - braldebuli uflebamosilia agreTve, calkeul SemTxvevebSi mowmed daasaxelos sakuTari advokaticadvokaticadvokaticadvokatic da sasamarTloSi daamowmebinos dacvis poziciisTvis sasargeblo faqtobrivi garemoebebi. magaliTad, braldebulis samuSao adgilze Catarebuli Cxrekisas, romelsac aseve eswreboda am ukanasknelis advokati, ver iqna aRmoCenili braldebulis danaSaulSi mamxilebeli dokumentebi. gamomZiebelma braldebulis mimarT gamoiyena fizikuri Zladoba da am gziT aiZula igi gadaeca misTvis is dokumentebi, romelsac gamomZiebeli uSedegod eZebda. aseT SemTxvevaSi braldebuls ar zRudavs kanoni, rom sasamarTloSi mowmed gamoiZaxos advokati da daadasturebinos Cxrekis Catarebisas gamomZieblis mier kanonis uxeSi darRvevis faqti. amasTan, sayuradReboa, rom, advokatis procesSi mowmed monawileoba gamoricxavs imave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi mis advokatad monawileobis SesaZleblobas70. 6.3. mowmis valdebulebebi6.3. mowmis valdebulebebi6.3. mowmis valdebulebebi6.3. mowmis valdebulebebi mowmes sisxlis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba akisrebs sam ZiriTad valdebulebas, kerZod: igi mowmed gamoZaxebis SemTxvevaSi valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, misces Cveneba da dados fici. aRniSnulis garda, mas gaaCnia kidev sxva damatebiTi valdebulebebic, romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT iqneba saubari. 6.3.1. gamocxadebis valdebuleba6.3.1. gamocxadebis valdebuleba6.3.1. gamocxadebis valdebuleba6.3.1. gamocxadebis valdebuleba nebismieri piri, aris igi saqarTvelos moqalaqe, saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moaqalaqeobis armqone piri, Tu saqarTvelos teritoriaze droebiT myofi ucxo qveynis moqalaqe, valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, Tu mas sasamarTlos uwyebiT gamoiZaxeben sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Cvenebis misacemad. gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan ar Tavisufldebian is pirebic, romelTac kanoniT aqvT miniWebuli ufleba ar miscen Cveneba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom gamocxadebis valdebuleba arsebobs mxolod sasamarTloSi. aravin ar aris valdebuli, Cvenebis misacemad gamocxaddes prokurorTan an gamomZiebelTan. sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis valdebuleba arsebobs, rogorc saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTi ganxilvis dros, ise gamoZiebis etapzec, vinaidan, sssk-is 114-e muxlis pirveli nawilis safuZvelze, gamoZiebis stadiaze mxaris SuamdgomlobiT magistrati mosamarTlis winaSe mowmed SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnes piri. gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia mowme iZulebiT miiyvanons sasamarTloSi71. garda amisa, sasamarTloSi mowmis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobisas sxdomis Tavmjdomares ufleba aqvs mas gankargulebiT daakisros jarima, rac mowmes ar aTavisuflebs gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan72. 6.3.2. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba6.3.2. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba6.3.2. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba6.3.2. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba

69 ix. sssk-is sssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,b” qvepunqti. 70 ix. sssk-is 60-e muxlis ,,a” qvepunqti. 71 sssk-is 49-e muxlis me-3 nawili. 72 ix. sssk-is 91-e muxlis me-8 nawili.

53

sasamarTloSi gamocxadebuli mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba, Tqvas yvelaferi, rac icis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT da upasuxos mxareebis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs. Tu mowme uars ityvis Cvenebis micemaze an miscems cru Cvenebas73, daekisreba amisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. mowmis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis safuZvels warmoadgens aseve mis mier arsebiTad urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebebis micema74. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs Cvenebis micemis valdebulebidan garkveul gamonaklisebs. calkeul SemTxvevebSi mowmes ufleba aqvs uari ganacxados Cvenebis micemaze an zogierT SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaze75. aseve, garkveuli kategoriis pirebs ufleba aqvT ar miiRon sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis saxiT monawileoba76, romlis Taobazec qvemoT iqneba saubari. 6.3.3. ficis dadebis valdebuleba6.3.3. ficis dadebis valdebuleba6.3.3. ficis dadebis valdebuleba6.3.3. ficis dadebis valdebuleba rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, pirs mowmis statusi eniWeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze gafrTxilebasa da ficis dadebis Semdeg. sssk-is 48-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, mowmem sasamarTloSi dakiTxvis win unda dados religiuri an arareligiuri mniSvnelobis mqone fici. ficis dadebis valdebulebas safuZvlad udevs mosazreba, rom fici garkveulwilad boWavs mowmes sicruisagan da igi keTilsindisierad miscems sasamarTloSi Cvenebas. amitom, ficis qveS ufro metia mowmisgan WeSmariti informaciis miRebis albaToba. ficis dadebis valdebulebisgan kanonmdebeli aTavisuflebs pirs, romelic Tavisi rwmenis an sxva mosazrebaTa gamo uars ambobs ficis dadebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi man Cveneba unda misces ficis Semcveli dadasturebis ganxorcielebiT. igi sasamarTlos udasturebs, rom ityvis mxolod simarTles da arafers damalavs77. 6.3.4. sxva valdebulebebi6.3.4. sxva valdebulebebi6.3.4. sxva valdebulebebi6.3.4. sxva valdebulebebi garda zemoaRniSnulisa, mowmes kanonmdebeli akisrebs sxva damate biT valdebulebebsac. kerZod, man ar unda gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis cnobili garemoebebi, Tu igi amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila sasamarTlom; unda daicvas wesrigi salmi sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros; ar unda datovos sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazi sxdomis Tavmjdomaris nebarTvis gareSe78. garda amisa, mowmem unda iTminos mxareTa mier misi sandoobis dadgena da valdebulia pasuxi gasces iseT SekiTxvebs, romlebmac mis reputacias SesaZloa zianic ki miayenos. mowmem unda iTminos aseve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi espertis mier misi sxeulis an fsiqikis gamokvleva. 6.4. mowmis valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba6.4. mowmis valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba6.4. mowmis valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba6.4. mowmis valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba sssk-is 50-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, mowmis valdebulebisgan Tavisufldebian garkveuli profesiisgarkveuli profesiisgarkveuli profesiisgarkveuli profesiis mqonemqonemqonemqone da braldebulTan axlo naTesaur kavSirSi braldebulTan axlo naTesaur kavSirSi braldebulTan axlo naTesaur kavSirSi braldebulTan axlo naTesaur kavSirSi myofi pirebimyofi pirebimyofi pirebimyofi pirebi. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmed monawileobis valdebulebisagan gamonaklisis daSvebiT, kanonmdebeli interesTa koliziis calkeul SemTxvevebSi

73 ix. ssk-is 370-e da 371-e muxlebi. 74 ix. ssk-is 3711-e muxli. 75 ix. sssk-is 49-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,d” qvepunqti da 115-e muxlis pirveli nawili. 76 sssk-is 50-e muxli. 77 ix. sssk-is 48-e muxlis me-5 nawili. 78 ix. sssk-is 49-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

54

marTlmsajulebis interesebze ufro maRla ayenebs zemoxsenebuli pirebis kanonier interesebs. garda amisa, aRniSnuli gamonaklisi emsaxureba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze simarTlis dadgenasac, radgan savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom pirma braldebulTan axlo naTesauri damokidebulebis an profesiuli movaleobebis gamo icruos dakiTxvis dros an misces sasamarTloSi arasruli Cveneba. mowmis valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba niSnavs imas, rom pirs ar ekisreba mowmed dakiTxvisa da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone informaciis Semcveli sagnis, dokumentis, nivTierebis an sxva obieqtis gadacemis valdebuleba. Tu piri isargeblebs am uflebiT, mis mier mowed monawileobaze uaris Tqma dauSvebelia gamoyenebuli iqnes Tavad am piris an braldebulis winaaRmdeg. msgavsad amisa, Tu piri mowmed monawileobaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg mainc gadawyvets braldebulis sasargeblod Cvenebis micemas, dauSvebelia aseTi mowmis sandooba eWvqveS dadges im mizeziT, rom man mowmed monawileobaze Tavdapirvelad uari ganacxada79. 6.4.1. braldebulis axlo naTesavi6.4.1. braldebulis axlo naTesavi6.4.1. braldebulis axlo naTesavi6.4.1. braldebulis axlo naTesavi rogorc ukve aRiniSna, mowmed monawileobaze uaris Tqmis SeuzRudavi ufleba gamomdinareobs braldebulTan axlo naTesauri kavSiridan. amiT kanonmdebeli upirvelesyovlisa angariSs uwevs piris kanonier interess, ar gamovides mowmed sakuTari axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg. Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis aRniSnuli norma icavs uSualod am pirs problematuri Cvenebisagan da ara braldebuls. sssk-is me-3 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, axlo naTesavebSi moizrebian mSobeli, Svilad amyvani, Svili, Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, da, Zma da meuRle. braldebulis meuRlis SemTxvevaSi ararelevanturia, danaSaulis Cadenamde arsebobda maT Soris qorwineba Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis Semdeg daqorwinda piri braldebulze. mowmed monawileobaze uaris Tqmis privilegia vrceldeba aseve ganqorwinebul meuRlezec. rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ramodenime piria braldebuli, nebismieri braldebulis axlo naTesavi uflebamosilia ar gamovides mowmed sxva Tanabraldebulebis winaaRmdegac, Tu garemoebebi, romlis Sesaxebac mas SeuZlia informaciis miwodeba, exeba aseve mis axlo naTesav braldebulsac. iuridiul literaturaSi gabatonebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, braldebulis axlo naTesavis mowmed monawileobaze uaris Tqmis privilegia aRar iarsebebs, Tu misi axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba Sewyda. aseve, rodesac am ukanasknelis mimarT sasamarTlos ganaCeni kanonier ZalaSi Sevida an igi gardaicvala. aseT SemTxvevebSi, yofili braldebulis axlo naTesavi valdebulia gamovides mowmed sxva Tanabraldebulebis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, vinaidan is damokidebuleba, rac mowmes aRniSnul TanabraldebulebTan akavSirebs imdenadaa Sesustebuli, rom marTlmsajulebis interesebi bevrad aRemateba ,,axlonaTesauri keTildReobis dacvis” interess80. 6.4.26.4.26.4.26.4.2. profesiuli saidumlo. profesiuli saidumlo. profesiuli saidumlo. profesiuli saidumloebisebisebisebis dacvis valdebulebis mqone pirebidacvis valdebulebis mqone pirebidacvis valdebulebis mqone pirebidacvis valdebulebis mqone pirebi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmed monawileobis valdebulebisagan sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblba aTavisuflebs agreTve garkveuli profesiis mqone pirebs, romelTac akisriaT profesiuli saidumloebis dacvis movaleoba. amiT kanonmdebels surs daicvas aRniSnuli profesiebis ganmaxorcieleblis mimarT arsebuli ndobnis kanonieri interesebi. sssk-is 50-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, aseT pirTa wres miekuTveba:

79 80

55

- advokati. mas ver gamoiZaxeben sasamarTloSi Cvenebis misacemad im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi advokatis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve, advokati, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda pirs dacvis miRebamde, ar aris valdebuli misces Cveneba im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT;

- sasuliero piri. mas ufleba aqvs ar misces Cveneba im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad gandobis Sedegad;

- saxalxo damcveli (aseve mis mier uflebamosili piri), romelic ar aris valdebuli daikiTxos mowmed im faqtis gamo, rac mas gaandes, rogorc saxalxo damcvels; agreTve, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan Seqmnili specialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevri ver daikiTxeba mowmed im faqtis gamo, romelic mas gaandes prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebis Sesrulebisas, Tu igi ar daTanxmdeba, misces Cveneba;

- saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri. dauSvebelia misi mowmed gamoZaxeba im faqtis

gamo, romelic mas gaandes, rogorc warmomadgenlobiTi organos wevrs;

- mosamarTle. mas ver gamoiZaxeben Cvenebis misacemad im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic sasamarTlos TaTbiris saidumloebaa;

- Jurnalisti. igi Tavisufldeba mowmed dakiTxvis valdebulebisagan profesiuli

saqmianobisas miRebul informaciasTan dakavSirebiT;

sssk-is 50-e muxlis me-3 nawili kodev ufro afarToebs im pirTa wres, romlebic gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT gaTavisufldnen mowmis movaleobis Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan. eseni arian:

- samedicino muSaki, Tu mas profesiulad evaleba saeqimo (samedicino) saidumloebis dacva;

- notariusi, sajaro mosamsaxure, samxedro mosamsaxure da masTan gaTanabrebuli

piri, Tu maT nakisri aqvT valdebuleba, ar gaamJRavnon miRebuli informaciis wyaro da Sinaarsi;

- piri, romelic samuSaoze im pirobiT aris miRebuli, rom ar gaamJRavnebs komerciul an sabanko saidumloebas;

- kontrteroristuli an/da specialuri operaciis monawile piri (mis profesiul movaleobasTan dakavSirebiT), romlis saqmianobac gasaidumloebulia da am saqmianobis amsaxveli dokumentebi, masalebi da sxva monacemebi saxelmwifo saidumloebas miekuTvneba.

rogorc wesi, zemoaRniSnuli pirebi valdebuli arian miiRon procesSi mowmis statusiT monawileoba, magram Tu calkeul SemTxvevebSi marTlmsajulebis interesebi ar aRemateba piris kanoniT dacul interesebs, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gaaTavisuflos isini mowmis valdebulebisagan. am SemxvevaSi sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs rogorc piris kanonier interess, ar gamovides mowmed, ise gansaxilveli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze arsebul sajaro interess, danaSaulis simZimes, mowmis Cvenebis mtkicebiT mniSvnelobas, mxareTa interesebs da a.S.

56

6.5. Cvenebis micemis valdebul6.5. Cvenebis micemis valdebul6.5. Cvenebis micemis valdebul6.5. Cvenebis micemis valdebulebisagan gaTavisuflebaebisagan gaTavisuflebaebisagan gaTavisuflebaebisagan gaTavisufleba zemoT ganxiluli piris ufleba, ar miiRos sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis statusiT monawileoba, unda ganvasxvavoT mowmis uflebisagan, uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze. terminologiurad SeiZleba maT Soris gansxvaveba umniSvneloa, Tumca procesualurad isini absoliturad gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis matareblebi arian. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi piri saerTod Tavisufldeba mowmis valdebulebisagan, meore SemTxvevaSi piri ver ityvis uars procesSi mowmis statusiT monawileobaze, igi daikiTxeba sasamarTloSi mxareTa mier, magram, uflebamosilia ar misces iseTi Cveneba, romelic danaSaulis CadenaSi amxels mas an mis axlo naTesavs81. aRsanisnavia, rom aRniSnuli ufleba ar aTavisuflebs mowmes iseTi Cvenebis micemis valdebulebisagan, romelic mas an mis axlo naTesavs administraciul gadacdomaSi da sxva samarTaldarRvevebSi amxelda. sssk-is 49-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,d” qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli debulebis mizania, daicvas mxolod mowme da misi axlo naTesavi (da ara braldebuli, romelic ar warmoadgens mowmis axlo naTesavs) danaSaulSi mamxilebeli Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis safrTxisagan. aRniSnuli ufleba ise ar unda iqnes gagebuli, rom mowmes SeuZlia dakiTxvis dros iyos mdumared mxareebis mier danaSaulSi misi an misi axlo naTesavis (SesaZlo) mamxilebeli SekiTxvis dasmisas. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowmem unda ganmartos Tu ratom ikavebs Tavs SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisagan. aRniSnuli uflebiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mowmis an misi axlo naTesavis sazianod. gansxvavebiT amisagan, mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes is informacia, romelic mowmem dakiTxvis dros manamde miawoda sasamarTlos. Tu mowme sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi arsebiTi ganxilvis etapze dakiTxvis dros ar gascems pasuxs danaSaulSi mamxilebel SekiTxvebs, SesaZlebelia am garemoebebis Sesaxeb mowmed daikiTxos is gamomZiebeli an policieli, romlebsac mowmem gamoZiebis etapze gamokiTxvis dros miawoda misTvis saziano informacia. msgavsad amisa, Tu mowme uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze, SesaZlebelia sasamarTloSi

gamoqveyndes mis mier magistrat mosamarTlesTan micemuli Cvenebა. mowme Cvenebis micemis valdebulebisagan ar gaTavisufldeba, Tu mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis safrTxe ar an aRar arsebobs. magaliTad, rodesac mowmis mxares marTlwinaaRmdebobis gamomricxveli garemoeba aSkarad arsebobs, rac misTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas gamoricxavs. an mis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba sabolood Sewyda, rac xelmeored misi sisxlis samarTlis pasixisgebaSi micemis SesaZleblobas gamoricxavs da a.S. msgavs SemTxvevebSi mowmem unda upasuxus nebismier SekiTxvas, maT Soris danaSaulSi mis mamxilebel SekiTxvebsac (Tumca am qmedebis gamo, rogorc aRiniSna, mas ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba)

81 ix. sssk-is 49-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ,,d” qvepunqti.