Standard Shots

How shots are classified

Standard Shots

Shots are one of the most basic elements in a visual medium. They are tools for communicating

Types of shots have advantages and disadvantages.

Standard Shots1.Extreme Long Shot (ELS) or Cover Shot 大远景2. Long Shot (LS) or Full Shot 远景： - 又称为启场镜头（ Establishing Shot ），在片子开始时先以一个远景来交代人事时，地，物，以诱导观众进入情况。3. Medium Shot (MS) or Waist Shot 中景或半身镜头：介于全景与特写之间的画面。对一般导演来说，中景是最适合表现戏剧效果的画面。因为在中景的范畴内，可以容纳主题在银幕所发生的一切情况，而且足以让观众一目了然。4. Close-up (CU) 特写5. Extreme Close-up (ECU) 大特写

Standard Shots

1. Closer shots 特写– To show details– To emphasize– To reveal reactions– To heighten drama; to dramatize

Standard Shots

2. Longer shots– To show where the action is going on– To To allow the audience to follow the

broad movements– To show the relative position of the

subjects– To establish mood

Close Up (CU)

• Just above the head to the upper chest• Cuts right below the neck, approximately at the level

of the tie knot （领带结） • It is a powerful shot because it concentrates interest,

focuses attention and provides emphasis.• Draws audience attention to details, reactions,

emotions that might be overlooked in longer or wider shots

Close Up (CU)

Extreme Close Up (ECU)

• This shot isolates details that are within a scene.

Extreme Close Up (ECU)

Very Close Up (VCU)

• Also known as the face shot • From mid-forehead to above the chin

Very Close Up (VCU)

Big Close Up/Tight Close Up (BCU)

• Full head shot• Height almost fills the screen

Big Close Up/Tight Close Up (BCU)

Medium Close Up (MCU)

• Bust shot/chest shot• Cuts the body at the lower chest,

around the area of the breast pocket or the lower armpit.

Medium Close Up (MCU)

Medium Shot (MS)

• Mid-shot or close medium shot (CMS)• Waist Shot because it cuts the body at

the waist• Value lies somewhere between the

environmental strength of the long shot and the scrutiny of the close up.

Medium Shot (MS)

The Knee Shot (3/4 shot)

• Cuts just below the knees

The Knee Shot (3/4 shot)

Medium Long Shot (MLS)

• Also known as the full length shot (FLS)• Entire body plus a short distance both

above and below the body

Medium Long Shot (MLS)

Long Shot (LS)

• Person occupies between 3/4 to 1/3 of the screen’s height

• Often used at the start of the scene as they are used to to establish location or atmosphere

• Can be used to show subjects in relation to each other, broad movements

Long Shot (LS)

Extra Long Shot (XLS)

• Also the extreme long shot• Establishes broad local and creates

overall atmospheric impression• Dominance of environment• People appear as tiny figures in the

landscape

Extra Long Shot (XLS)

Standard Shots

• These terms were used mainly in reference to photographing people,

• Other broader terms may be needed in taking pictures of other subjects

Indicating lens coverage

What is the camera lens taking in?

1. Full Shot/long shot - indicates a distant view2. Wide shot/cover shot - also known as General View

(GV) or Establishing shot. This shot takes in all the action

3. Close shot/tight shot - gives detailed shots

Indication of the camera’s viewpoint

In relation to the subject where is the camera?1. Frontal shot2. Side view shot3. Three-quarters frontal四分之三正面 4. Back or rear view5. Over the shoulder (OS) Shoot- adds a sense of depth and perspective 过肩镜头，摄像机越过靠近摄影机的那个人的肩头看着某人6. Point of View (POV) 主观镜头 / 视点 主觀鏡頭： 攝影機置於人物相同位置所拍攝下來的鏡頭，代表該人物所見 gives a sense of feeling and movement-it is any shot that is supposed to

represent the main subject’s visual experience. It can be static, but often refers to a handheld shot that captures the experiences as see through the main subject’s eyes.

Referring to Camera Height

Whether actual or apparent, is the camera higher or lower than the subject? Indicative of camera angles

1. Low shot2. Level shot3. High shot4. Overhead or top