statistics and results from foot research
DESCRIPTION
Here are the results from a little research (With 272 Participants) about foot types that took part on a Facebook group called " Archaeology & Prehistoric & Ancient Wonders” ( the link to the post: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Archaeology.Prehistoric/permalink/513454352137112/) .Also this file includes some information ,that could justify the results of this research , from Wikipedia and other sites.TRANSCRIPT
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Tagiadin Tasogiannos
Statistics and Results from Foot Research
Tagiadin John 13/07/2015 02/08/2015
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Index Page 2Index
Page 3Participation Percentages of each Contributing Country
Page 4..Percentages of Participants from each Continent
Page 5...Percentages of Foot types
Page 6.......Results from each Country (Albania - Canada)
Page 7....Results from each Country (Croatia - Greece)
Page 8....Results from each Country (India - Jordan)
Page 9....Results from each Country (Kenya -Myanmar)
Page 10Results from each Country (Netherlands - Sweden)
Page 11Results from each Country (Taiwan - Uruguay)
Page 12Results from each Country (USA)
Page 13Greek toes domination in India , Pakistan and
Middle East Page 14Toes type influence by Greeks in Balkan Countries
Page 15Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians
Page 16Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians
Page 17Diversity of Foot types in USA,UK and Canada
Page 18..References
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\
2% 2% 2%
1% 0%
1%
1%
0%
0%
1%
1% 1%
3% 0%
1%
2%
0%
0% 1%
1%
0%
2%
4%
0%
16%
1% 2%
1%
0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
0%
0% 0%
0%
0%
0%
3%
0%
0%
1%
1%
0% 1%
4% 0%
0%
2% 0%
1%
1%
2%
0%
0% 0% 0%
2%
10%
0%
22%
Participation Percentages of each Contributing Country
Albania Unknown Arabia Argentina Armenia Eritrea Australia Bangladesh
Belarus Bosnia Brasil Bulgaria Canada Croatia Chezh Republic Egypt
Estonia Ethiopia Finland France FYROM Germany Greece Hungary
India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan
Kenya Libya Lithuania Malaysia Malta Mansoura Mauritius Mexico
Mozambique Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Philippines
Poland Portugal Romania Scotland Serbia Spain Sweden Taiwan
Tibet Slovakia Turkey UK Uruguay USA
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Extra Info - 59 Countries contributed in this research.
- From which 272 were the participants
Europe 34%
Asia 29%
America 27%
Africa 7%
Unknown 2% Australia
1%
Percentages of Participants from each Continent
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Extra Info - McKucisck believed that the Greek toe or aka Morton's toe appeared to
be a dominant trait , which could justify the supremacy of this trait in the
participants.
Greek 43%
Egyptian 30%
Roman 14%
Celtic 6%
Greek and Roman 3%
Unknown 2%
Greek and Celtic
1%
Greek and Egyptian
1% Germanic 0% Egyptian and Roman
0%
Egyptian and Celtic
0% Roman and Celtic 0%
Percentages of Foot types
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Results from each Country
Albania (5)
2/5 Roman
2/5 Greek
1/5 Egyptian
Arabia (4)
1/4 Roman
1/4 Greek
2/4 Egyptian
Argentina (2)
1/2 Roman
1/2 Egyptian
Armenia (1)
1/1 Egyptian
Eritrea (2)
2/2 Egyptian
Australia (2)
1/2 Roman
1/2 Egyptian
Bangladesh (4)
1/4 Roman
1/4 Greek
2/4 Egyptian
Belarus (1)
1/1 Roman
Bosnia (2)
1/2 Egyptian
1/2 Roman and Greek
Brazil (3)
2/3 Roman
1/3 Greek
Bulgaria (2)
1/2 Egyptian
1/2 Greek
Canada (7)
Greek 58%
Egyptian 14%
Celtic 14%
Unknown 14%
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Croatia (1)
1/1 Greek
Czech Republic (2)
1/2 Roman
1/2 Greek
Egypt (5)
3/5 Greek
1/5 Egyptian
1/5 Celtic
Estonia (1)
1/1 Greek
Ethiopia (2)
1/2 Egyptian
1/2 Unknown
Finland (1)
1/1 Greek
France (3)
2/3 Roman
1/3 Greek
1/3 Egyptian
F.Y.R.O.M. (1)
1/1 Egyptian
Germany (4)
2/4 Egyptian
1/4 Greek
1/4 Celtic
Greece (9)
Hungary (1)
1/1 Celtic
Greek 89%
Egyptian 11%
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India (38)
Greek 44%
Egyptian 29%
Roman 20%
Celtic 7%
Indonesia (2)
1/2 Celtic
1/2 Greek
Iran (5)
3/5 Egyptian
2/5 Greek
Ireland (2)
1/2 Roman
1/2 Egpytian
Israel (1)
1/2 Egyptian
1/2 Roman and Greek
Italy (4)
2/4 Greek
2/4 Egyptian
Jordan (1)
1/1 Roman
Kenya (1)
1/1 Roman
Libya (1)
1/1Greek
Lithuania (1)
2/4 Greek
2/4 Egyptian
Jordan (1)
1/1 Roman
Kenya (1)
1/1 Roman
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1/1Greek
Kenya (1)
1/1 Roman
Libya (1)
1/1Greek
Lithuania (1)
1/1 Roman and Greek
Malaysia (1)
1/1 Greek
Malta (1)
1/1 Greek
Mansoura (1)
1/1Greek
Maurtitius (1)
1/1Greek
Mexico (7)
Malta (1)
1/1 Greek
Mozambique (1)
1/1Egyptian
Maurtitius (1)
1/1Greek
Myanmar (1)
1/1 Greek
Greek 86%
Egyptian 14%
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Netherlands (2)
1/2 Greek
1/2 Egyptian
New Zealand (1)
1/1 Roman
Nigeria (1)
1/1 Roman
Norway (3)
2/3 Egyptian
1/3 Greek
Pakistan (9)
Philippines (1)
1/1 Roman
Poland (1)
1/1 Roman and Egyptian
Portugal (4)
1/4 Celtic
3/4 Greek
Romania (1)
1/1 Roman
Scotland (2)
1/1 Celtic
1/2 Roman and Greek
Serbia (2)
1/2 Egyptian
1/2 Greek
Spain (5)
4/5 Greek
1/5 Egyptian
Sweden (1)
1/1 Greek
Greek 60%
Egyptian 30%
Celtic and Roman
10%
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Taiwan (1)
1/1 Greek
Tibet (1)
1/1 Greek
Japan (1)
1/1 Roman
Norway (1)
2/3 Egyptian
1/3 Greek
Slovakia (1)
1/1 Greek
Turkey (4)
1/4Roman
2/4 Greek
1/4 Greek and Roman
UK (24)
Uruguay (1)
1/1 Greek
Greek 52%
Egyptian 28%
Roman 12%
Celtic 4%
Unknown 4%
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Extra Info - Charts were used only in countries with more than 5 participants.
USA (55)
40%
29%
9%
7%
5%
4% 2% 2%
2%
Egyptian Greek Celtic Roman Greek and Celtic
Greek and Roman Green and Egyptian Egyptian and Celtic Unknown
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Greek toes domination in India , Pakistan and
Middle East
We can observe that Greek toe is overmatching in countries
like India and Pakistan and of course Greece, which proves on
the one hand that Greek toe is a Greek trait and on the other
hand that a big part of modern Indians and Pakistans may
have a partial Greek origin. This can be proved by the
existence of Indo-Greek Kingdom in modern Afghanistan,
Pakistan and North Western India during the last two
centuries BC and by the fact that Greek toes is an dominant
trait.
The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom[1] was
a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest
regions of the Indian subcontinent (modern Afghanistan,
Pakistan and North Western India) during the last two
centuries BC, and was ruled by more than 30 kings,[2] often in
conflict with each other.
The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-
Bactrianking Demetrius invaded the subcontinent early in the
2nd century BC. The Greeks in South Asia were eventually
divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria (now
the border between Afghanistan andUzbekistan). But the
Greeks failed to establish united rule in present-day north-
western India. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler
was Menander (Milinda). He had his capital
at Sakala in Punjab, modern Pakistan, and he successfully
invaded the Ganges-Yamunadoab.
The expression "Indo-Greek Kingdom" loosely describes a
number of various dynastic polities, traditionally associated
with a number of regional capitals
like Taxila,[3] (modern Punjab
(Pakistan)),Pushkalavati and Sagala.[4] Other potential centers
are only hinted at; for instance, Ptolemy's Geographia and the
nomenclature of later kings suggest that a certainTheophila in
the south of the Indo-Greek sphere of influence may also have
been a satrapal or royal seat at one time.
During the two centuries of their rule, the Indo-Greek kings
combined the Greek and Indo-Iranian languagesand symbols,
as seen on their coins, and
blendedHindu, Buddhist and ancient Greek religious practices,
as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the
indications of their support of Buddhism, pointing to a rich
fusion of Indian and Hellenistic influences.[5] The diffusion of
Indo-Greek culture had consequences which are still felt
today, particularly through the influence of Greco-Buddhist
art.[6]
The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity
around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians,
although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for
several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-
Parthians and Kushans.[7]
-From Wikipedia
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Toes type influence by Greeks in Balkan Countries
The possible influence from Greek toe trait might be relevant
to the fact that Greek DNA (as an research presented) has
stayed pure with only small inpurities.
A striking demonstration of the persistence of the Greek
genetic signature through time can be found in [1]. The figure
on the right is the 4th principal component of variation in
Europe and shows a strong cline centered in Greece. Not only
is the Greek genetic legacy clearly detectible today, but it is
detectible among not only the Greeks, but all their
neighboring populations of partial Greek ancestry
Figure 2. Hidden patterns in the geography of Europe shown
by the first five principal components, explaining respectively
28%, 22%, 11%, 7%, and 5% of the total genetic variation for
95 classical polymorphisms (1, 13, 14). The first component is
almost superimposable to the archaeological dates of the
spread of farming from the Middle East between 10,000 and
6,000 years ago.
The second principal component parallels a probable spread
of Uralic people and/or languages to the northeast of
Europe. The third is very similar to the spread of pastoral
nomads (and their successors) who domesticated the horse
in the steppe towards the end of the farming expansion,
and are believed by some archaeologists and linguists to
have spread most Indo-European languages to Europe. The
fourth is strongly reminiscent of Greek colonization in the
first millennium B.C. The fifth corresponds to the
progressive retreat of the boundary of the Basque
language. Basques have retained, in addition to their
language, believed to be descended from an original
language spoken in Europe, some of their original genetic
characteristics. (From ref. 1, with permission of Princeton
University Press, modified.):..
-From http://dienekes.awardspace.com/
The rest of the text can be found on the references page on
the last page.
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Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians
It is now proved that South Italians are Greeks (link about
South Italians been Greeks can be found in the references
page) proved so this settles Italy. A research had shown that
the 90% of the Ainu people have Greek toes , could Greeks
colonized a place in Asia and breed with Asians? I am not sure
about this ,but I am sure that Greeks had a lot colonies
around the world.
Greek cities are labeled in red.
Greek colonies are labeled in Blue
In Ancient Greece, colonies were sometimes founded by
vanquished people, who left their homes to escape
subjection at the hand of a foreign enemy; sometimes as a
sequel to civil disorders, when the losers in internecine
battles left to form a new city elsewhere; sometimes to get
rid of surplus population, and thereby to avoid internal
convulsions; and sometimes as a result of ostracism. But in
most cases the motivation was to establish and facilitate
relations of trade with foreign countries and further the
wealth of the mother-city (in Greek metropolis). Colonies
were established in Ionia and Thrace as early as the 8th
century BC.[10]
More than thirty Greek city-states had multiple colonies
around the Mediterraneanworld, with the most active
being Miletus, with ninety colonies stretching throughout
the Mediterranean Sea, from the shores of the Black
Sea and Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the east, to the
southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula in the west, as well
as several colonies on the Libya coast of
northern Africa,[11] from the late 9th to the 5th centuries BC.
There were two similar types of colony, one known as an
- apoikia (pl.: , apoikiai) and the other as
an ov -emporion (pl.: , emporia). The first
type of colony was a city-state on its own; the second was a
Greek trading- colony.
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The Greek city-states began establishing colonies around
900[12] - 800 BC, at first at Al Mina on the coast of Syria and the
Greek emporium Pithekoussai at Ischia in the Bay of Naples,
both established about 800 BC by Euboeans.[13]
Two flushes of new colonists set out from Greece at the
transition between the "Dark Ages" and the start of the Archaic
Period, one in the early 8th century BC and a second burst of
the colonizing spirit in the 6th century. Population growth and
cramped spaces at home seem an insufficient explanation,
while the economical and political dynamics produced by the
competitive spirit between the frequently kingless, newly
introduced concept of the Greek city-states, striving to expand
their sphere of economical influence better fits as their true
incentive. Through this Greek expansion the use of coins
flourished throughout the Mediterranean Basin.
Influential Greek colonies in the western Mediterranean many
of them in today's Italy included Cyme, Rhegium (Rhegion)
by Chalcis and Zankle (c. 8th
century),Syracuse by Corinth/Tenea (c. 734 BC), Naxos by
Chalcis (c. 734 BC), Massalia(the later Marseille, France,
c. 598 BC) and Agathe (shortly after Massalia)
byPhokaia, Elea (Italy) and Emporion (nowadays Spain) by
Phokaia/Massalia (c. 540 BC and early 6th
century), Antipolis (nowadays France)
by Achaea, Alalia(Corsica) by Phokaia/Massalia (c. 545 BC)
and Cyrene (Cyrenaica, nowadays Libya) by Thera (762/61 and
632/31 BC).[14]
The Greeks also colonised modern-day Crimea on the Black
Sea. Among the settlements they established there was the
city of Chersonesos, at the site of modern-
day Sevastopol.[15]
The extensive Greek colonization is remarked upon
by Cicero when noting that "It were as though a Greek
fringe has been woven about the shores of the
barbarians."[16]
Several formulae were generally adhered to on the solemn
and sacred occasions when a new colony set forth. If a
Greek city was sending out a colony, an oracle, especially
one such as the Oracle of Delphi, was almost invariably
consulted beforehand. Sometimes certain classes of citizens
were called upon to take part in the enterprises; sometimes
one son was chosen by lot from every house where there
were several sons; and strangers expressing a desire to join
were admitted. A person of distinction was selected to
guide the emigrants and make the necessary
arrangements. It was usual to honor these founders of
colonies, after their death, as heroes. Some of the sacred
fire was taken from the public hearth in the Prytaneum,
from which the fire on the public hearth of the new city was
kindled. And, just as each individual had his private shrines,
so the new community maintained the worship of its chief
domestic deities, the colony sending embassies and votive
gifts to the mother-city's principal festivals for centuries
afterwards.
-From Wikipedia
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Diversity of Foot types in USA,UK and Canada
The diversity of foot types in USA,UK and Canada can easily get proved by the fact
that they constitute an migration target from people all around the world.
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References -The statistics were obtained by the participation answers by the
members of the Facebook group named Archaeology & Prehistoric &
Ancient Wonders from the post:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/Archaeology.Prehistoric/permalink/
513454352137112/
-The information used in page 13 from Wikipedia can be found in this
link :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom
-The information used in page 14 from Dienekes can be found in this
link :
http://dienekes.awardspace.com/articles/greekadna/
-The information used in page 15,16 from Wikipedia can be found in
this link :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity
-The information used in page 15,16 about South Italians being Greeks
and Ainu people having Greek feet can be found here:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2015/07/23/dna-study-
pinpoints-when-the-ancient-greeks-colonized-sicily-and-italy/
and here:
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/suppl_1/i182.3
P.S. Thanks to everyone who participated
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