Steffen M. Noe, Ahto Kangur, Urmas Hõrrak, Marko Kaasik

SMEAR Estonia - Current state and further development.

SMEAR Estonia

The SMEAR Estonia station The SMEAR Estonia station

The SMEAR Estonia station is a delocalised infrastructure in South-East Estonia.

XII Ökoloogiakonverents 2013 Tartu 18. Oktoober 2013

The start 2008 in LiispõlluThe start 2008 in Liispõllu

XII Ökoloogiakonverents 2013 Tartu 18. Oktoober 2013

The SMEAR Estonia station in August 2013The SMEAR Estonia station in August 2013

picture by Joel Kuusk

SMEAR Estonia

Planned Equipment at JärvseljaPlanned Equipment at Järvseljamastmast

September 2013130m

110m

90m

70m

50m

40m

30m

15m

5m

Main Cottage

T, inlet

A, T, inlet

A, T, inlet

T, inlet

EC, A, T, inlet

EC, A, T, inlet

A, T, inlet

A, T, inlet

T, inlet

The inlets draw air down to the main cottage where gas analysers measure the concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2, CO, CH4), water vapour, reactive trace gases (O3, NOx, SO2).

The Eddy covariance systems (EC) are used to measure direct fluxes of CO2, H2O and CH4.

Air ion and aerosol size distributions are measured in the vicinity of the 130m mast.

Small ecosystem towers (like Liispõllu) in the vicinity of the mast are used to measure photosynthesis and BVOC emissions.

Automatic soil chambers measure the CO2 and H2O fluxes over the soil surfaces.

In cooperation with Levira ASInstallation to be completed by October 31

Sonic anemometersMetek uSonic-3 CLASS A

Temperature – humidity SensorsHygroClip HC2-S3With ventilated shield

SMEAR Estonia

Equipment at the Valgjärve TV-mastEquipment at the Valgjärve TV-mast

• Expected output: energy and momentum fluxes in atmospheric boundary layer – input for meteorological & atmospheric-chemistry transport models

• Possible further development: gas analyser(s)

Output temperature and wind graphs from Valgjärve:http://meteo.physic.ut.ee/valgjarvehttp://meteo.physic.ut.ee/valgjarve/dev

(temporary installation at 9 m height yet)

SMEAR Estonia

Equipment at the Valgjärve TV-mastEquipment at the Valgjärve TV-mast

SMEAR Estonia

Data measured at the SMEAR Estonia station so farData measured at the SMEAR Estonia station so far

2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20132011 2012 2013Eddy covariance, soil fluxes, O3, NOx, BVOC,air ions, aerosols, PM1, 2.5, 10only some months

Eddy covariance 20 m and 2 m height

Soil respiration (not in winter)

Root biomass experiments

Aboveground biomass (leaf litter)

volatile organics profiles

Daily dynamic of volatile organics

CO2, CO, H2O concentrations

methane concentrations

ozone concentrations

NOx concentrations

SO2 conc.

Air ions and aerosols

XII Ökoloogiakonverents 2013 Tartu 18. Oktoober 2013

GHG concentrations (Picarro G2401, Liispõllu 2012)GHG concentrations (Picarro G2401, Liispõllu 2012)

SMEAR Estonia

COCO22 fluxes (EC measurements, daily dynamics) fluxes (EC measurements, daily dynamics)

SMEAR Estonia

Trace gas concentrations (daily dynamic)Trace gas concentrations (daily dynamic)

SMEAR Estonia

Spruce branch BVOC emissions in autumn 2012Spruce branch BVOC emissions in autumn 2012

SMEAR Estonia

Modelled aboveground biomass flux from litterfall dataModelled aboveground biomass flux from litterfall data

r2 = 0.8, P < 0.08

r2 = 0.81, P < 0.0001

Gap-filling using parameter estimations

Litterfall data was collected monthly since 2011 at three different sites in Järvselja.

Gap filled yearly litter mass flux accounts to 7.3 t ha-1 year-1 for the gaussian approach that covers more of the measured data. The polynomial approach yields to 5.7 t ha-1 year-1.

SMEAR Estonia

Aerosols daily dynamicAerosols daily dynamic

Example of a typical ”Banana”-shaped nucleation event and the dynamic of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) growth.

Oxidation products from the reactive trace gases lead to condensation on already existing clusters. That process is driven by sun light!

SMEAR Estonia

Aerosol formation events measured in Spring 2013Aerosol formation events measured in Spring 2013

SMEAR Estonia

Nucleation event daysNucleation event days

Järvselja 2013 Hyytiälä 2009

Nieminen et al. 2010, 14 years of observation of atmospheric particle formation in Hyytiälä, Finland: in Report Series in Aerosol Sciences 109, 2010

SMEAR Estonia

Publications related to SMEAR Estonia so far…Publications related to SMEAR Estonia so far…

2011

2012

2014

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

The study was supported by the EU Regional Development Fundation, Environmental Conservation and Environmental Technology R&D Programme project BioAtmos (3.2.0802.11-0043).

Info:http://smear.emu.ee

SMEAR Estonia