Strangeness in the QGP Phase transition

• Phase Transition including strangeness• Strange Distillation, Strangelet formation• Effects on Neutron stars • Phase Diagram with finite strangeness • Strange Matter Lumps in the early

Universe• Summary

전남대 이강석

HIM 2011.3.1

Strangeness enhancement as a signature of QGP formation. Koch, Muller, Rafelski

The order of the phase transition depends on the mass of strange quark.

QGP phase

Hadron phase

2 4 2 2 4 2 3/22 2

( )/ ( )/

37 1 1( )

90 21 1

( )e 1 e 1

s

q s q s

QGP q q sm

e T e T

P T T de e m

B

2 3/22 3/2

( )/2

( )1( )

1 / 4 6 e 1ii

i iHad s e Tpt m

i

d e mP de e m

E B

( ) ( )q q s s

i i i q i i sn n n n

( , , ) ( , , )QGP q s HAD q sP T P T Condition for two phase equilibrium

Non-equilibrium of weak interaction ???

with

0, 0Q Hs s

Q Hs s

Phase Diagram including strangeness

QGP volume fraction Q

Q H

VfV V

1f 0.5f 0f

Q HHH Q

Q

1 1 0 0, , , ,f f f f

Q s H s Q s H s

1 1

0 (1 )

f fQ H

Q Hs s s

P P

f f

0 0f fQ HP P 0.5 0.5f f

Q HP P

0 0fQ

Strangeness enrichment in Q phase near f=0 - strangeness distillationHeinz,KSLee, Rhoades-Brown ,Mod.Phys.Lett A,2(1987)153Strangelet formation by C.

Greiner prl58(1987)1825

Lukas,Zimanyi,Balazs,PLB183(1987)27

Phase diagram including strangeness

q

P

Pressure increases slowly but continuously in the mixed phase.q

s

Heinz, KSLee, Rhoades-Brown,Mod.Phys.Lett A,2(1987)153

Neuron star

• Hyperon star –N.S with hyperons in the core• N star with kaon condensate in the core chlee

• hybrid star -neutron star with QGP core• hybrid star -neutron star with mixed phase Glendenning, prd46,1274(1992) Heiselber,pethick, Staubo, prl70,1355(1993)

• mixed phase in N-star: rod and pastas Baym, Glendenning

Inclusion of strangeness is favored since they lower the Fermi energy.

Glendenning, Compact Stars, Springer 1997

Quark star

• Quark star Jaffe

• Strange quark star Witten, PRD30,272(1984)

• Strange matter lump in the early universe S.J.Cho, KSLee, Heinz, PRD50,4771(1994)

Phase Structure of strange matter KSLee,Heinz, PRD47,2068(1993)

0s

Phase diagram with different strangeness

Strange matter lump with hadronic crust in the early

universeS.J.Cho,KSLee,Heinz,PRD50,4771(1994)

[MeV/fm3]

Strange matter lumps are stable only in the region of positive slope.

Central energy density

n

[MeV/fm3]

P

T

R[km] R[km]

R[km] R[km]

Summary

• Enhancement of strangeness in QGP.• Inclusion of strangeness in the Q-H

phase transition needs careful study, especially when the phase transition is

of the 1st order.- Strange quark star, strange matter lump

in the early universe, hybrid star