Structure and

Function of Human Body

人體結構與功能

by Chung W.Wu,M.S.,R.Ph.

Nerve Systyem Electrical Signals Controlled by Nerve System

Action PotentialCell MembraneIon ChannelElectrical CurrentMembrane PotentialResting Membrane PotentialNa-K Pump

Neurotransmitter(Chemical Neurotransmitter)1. Ach2. Nor-Epinephrine Epinephrine Dopamine Serotonin3. GABA

Serotonin: Hallucination Stress: Serotonin Decrease Nor-Epinephrine Increase Attack Action

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Germany—Hans Berger Brain Wave: Brain Nerve Cell Action Potential

1.Alpha 2.Beta

3.Delta

4.Theta

Sleep and Brain Waves

1. Rapid eye movement Sleep　　　　　　　　　　　　 (REM)2. Nonrapid eye movement Sleep　　　　　　　　　　　　 (NREM)

Sleep Disorder 1. Insomnia 2.

Sleepwalking 3. Bed-Wetting 4. Narcolepsy 5. Sleep Apnea

Digestive System

Digestive Tract口腔 ---食道 --- 胃 ---小腸 ---大腸 ---肛門

Accessory Structure牙齒 舌頭 唾液 肝臟 膽囊 胰臟

Total Length ： 9 Meter

The Nerve Innervation of 　　　　　　　　 Digestive TractAutonomic Nervous SystemSNS ：抑制平滑肌收縮及腺體分泌PNS

Enteric Nervous System

內在神經系統控制腸胃道的運動

The Secretion of Alimentary Tract1. Secretion of Saliva Composition of Saliva 1000---1500 ml/Daily 99.5% Water 0.5% Solute NaCl HCO3 HPO4 溶菌酶 澱粉酶 (Starch—Maltose)

The Function of Saliva1. Digestion2. 殺菌作用3. 潤滑食物4. 清潔口腔

Gastric Secretion 1. Pepsin(pH1.8—3.5) 2. Gastric Acid 3. 凝乳酶

The Mechanism of Gastric Secretion

1. CO2+H2 O--------H2CO3 2. H2CO3 ------H +HCO3

The Protection Mechanism of Parietal Cells

　　　 1. Soluble Mucus　　　 2. HCO3 Secretion 　　　胃壁細胞分泌 　　 Caffeine Content

The Composition of Gastric

Acid

H+, Na+ , K+ Cl- , HCO3

Caffeine Content Caffeine(mg/cup) Brewed 100-150Instant 50-90Decaffeinated 2-10Tea 50-150Cola 35-55

Secretion of Pancreatic Enzyme 1.2---1.5 liter/daily　　 1. Pancreatic Amylase　　 2. Pancreatic Lipase　　 3. Cholesterol Esterase　　 4. Trypsin 胰蛋白酶　　 5. Carboxypolypeptidase

Secretion of Bile膽鹽 :　　 1. 幫助脂肪的消化與吸收　　 2. 排除代謝物　　 Bilirubin,Cholesterol

Liver1. Synthesis of Bile 800---1000 ml2. Storage of Vit.A,B12,D,E Glucagon3. Detoxification of Enzyme in Liver4. Synthesis of Heparin (anticoagulation)5. 吞噬已破壞之紅血球

腸液 ( 酵素 )

　　 1. 消化碳水化合物　　 2. 消化蛋白質　　 3. 消化脂肪　　 4. 分解 Peptide

膽囊 (Gall Bladder)Storage of Bile(30---50 ml) Gallstone

Secretion of the Large Intestine K+,HCO3吸收水份

食糜停留時間 24hrs

　　 Anus( 肛門 )　　　排便

The Reproductive System

　　 Male-----22+XY　　 Female---22+XX

Spermatogenesis MeiosisSperm Head---Chromosome Tail---Movement

Semen Sperm, Buffer Solution HCO ,HPO pH=7.5

Ejaculation 2.5---3.5 ml 100 million Sperms

Erection Parasympathetic Stimulation