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STUDIA BALCANICA 32

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3 R-J. Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States (10961204), (Oxford, 1993), 214215; M. Angold, The Byzantine Empire (10251204). A Political History (London, 1984), p. 224; Magdalino, The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 98105.

4 G. Ostrogorsky, Observations on the Aristocracy in Byzantium Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25 (1971), 132; M. Angold, Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni 10811261 (Cambridge, 1995).

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18 . , - (, 1997), . 106; Birkenmeier, The Development of the Komnenian Army, p. 110.

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29 P. Stephenson, Byzantiums Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 9001204 (Cambridge, 2000), 224226.

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31 , , 488490.

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35 H. Magoulias (trans.), O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates (Detroit, 1984) p. 53.

36 Brand (trans.), John Kinnamos, p. 82.37 Magoulias (trans.), O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates, p. 53.

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41 Brand (trans.), John Kinnamos, p. 170; Magoulias (trans.), O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates, 9798.

42 P. Classen, La politica di Manuele Comneno tra Federico Barbarossa e la citt italiane In: Popolo e stato in Italia nellet di Federico Barbarossa. Alessandria e la Lega Lombarda. Relazioni e communicazioni al XXXIII Congresso storico subalpino. Alessandria 6-9 ott. 1968 (Turin, 1970), 265279.

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49 Makk, The rpds and the Comneni, 4263. 50 Brand (trans.), John Kinnamos, 117118.51 Ch. Mierow (trans.), The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa by Otto of Freising and His

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