studies in multicultural societies

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DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the National and Local Levels HARI SRINIVAS ROOM: I-312 / 079-565-7406 Studies in Multicultural Societies

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Studies in Multicultural Societies. Different Peoples, One World Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the National and Local Levels Hari Srinivas Room: I-312 / 079-565-7406. What we have seen so far …. OCTOBER 17 - Homogeneity and Diversity: The Case of China - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Studies in Multicultural Societies

DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD

Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the

National and Local LevelsH A R I S R I N I VA S

R O O M : I - 3 1 2 / 0 7 9 - 5 6 5 - 7 4 0 6

Studies in Multicultural Societies

Page 2: Studies in Multicultural Societies

OCTOBER 17 - Homogeneity and Diversity: The Case of China

OCTOBER 24 - Diversity and National Identity: The Case of India

OCTOBER 31 - Politics of Multicultural Societies: The Case of EU

NOVEMBER 7 - ASEAN and MulticulturalismNOVEMBER 14 - Multicultural Societies in Island

StatesNOVEMBER 21 - Japan as a Multicultural Society?NOVEMBER 28 - Promoting Multiculturalism in the

United Nations

What we have seen so far …

Page 3: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: CHINA

There are four main reasons China’s culture changed and become more multicultural over the years:

1. changes in the socio-political environment

2. contact with other cultures3. technological and other

inventions4. further development of the

culture itself.

Page 4: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: CHINA

Integrated more broadly into the local

culture, but maintained their identity

Created pockets of unique cultures

different from the local culture

Destroyed and replaced local cultures

Historic trends in multiculturalism

Migration-based multiculturalism

Page 5: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: CHINA

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from China?

Multiculturalism is based on historical trends in the past, and expanding economic power in the present.

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to provide a prominent position for China in the global economy.

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim to promote domestic tourism

Page 6: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: INDIA

There were three key invasions of India over its history that shaped its cultures:

1. The Aryan Invasion of 1500 BC – this gace raise to the Hindu religion, the Sanskrit language and a number of ancient texts called vedas

2. The Muslim Invasions of 10-12 centuries, which brought Islam and Islamic cultures to north India

3. The Euopean Invasions of 17 century, that brought the colonial poweres of Dutch, Protugese, Spanish and finally the British empires

Page 7: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: INDIA

India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religious traditions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.

Throughout its history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture.

Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by law and custom.

A vast majority of Indians associate themselves with a religion.

Page 8: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: INDIA

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from India?

The defining characteristics of multiculturalism in India lies in its vast history as well as its diversity

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to promote a national identity based on its diversity and secularity

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at cultural and historical preservation

Page 9: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: EUROPE

1952

1973

1981

1986

1990

1995

2004

2007

Page 10: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: EUROPE

EU Enlargement has: Inspired reforms and consolidated common

principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, while enabling market-oriented economic reforms.

Enhanced the EU’s weight in the world and made it a stronger and more attractive international partner.

“Enlargement has been a success story for the European Union and Europe as a whole. It has helped to overcome the division of Europe and contributed to peace and stability throughout the continent.”

European Council Declaration Dec. 15, 2006

1957 2009

Member States 6 27

Population 174 million 500 million

Languages 4 23

Page 11: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: EUROPE

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the European Union?

Much of Europe’s multiculturalism is political in nature, focusing on its member-states

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the EU level level essentially aim to create a single free market – free movement of people, goods and services

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at increasing the member states competitive and innovative edge

Page 12: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: ASEAN

Goals of ASEAN:

To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors; and

To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law.

Page 13: Studies in Multicultural Societies

POLITICAL –SECURITY Blueprint

•Rules based, shared norms and values• Cohesive, peaceful, stable, resilient with shared responsibility•Dynamic and Outward looking

ECONOMIC Blueprint

•Single Market and production base•Competitive economic region•Equitable Economic development•Integration into global economy

SOCIO-CULTURAL Blueprint

•Human Development•Social Welfare and Protection•Social justice and rights•Environmental Sustainability•ASEAN Identity

ASEAN Charter - One Vision, One Identity, One Caring and Sharing Community

ASEAN Community

Page 14: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: ASEAN

14

Globalization

Localization

Regionalization

ICT has allowed wide information access. Goods and services can move cheaper

thanks to cheap transportation and ICT. The world is more borderless. In a flat world, competition searches for

lowest cost.

National borders still have economic meaning.

National markets exist and are defined by psychology and politics.

National economic and political setbacks can threaten globalization.

Convenience of flows of information, goods, services, and people within the region

Relatively similar psychology and national interest within region

Page 15: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: ASEAN

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the ASEAN?

Importance of regionalism in creating multicultural societies, and overcoming national shortcomings

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the ASEAN level essentially aim to balance political, economic and social issues

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at creating a single market for increased jobs, incomes and business opportunities

Page 16: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: Island States

• Lack of natural resources and skilled endogenous human resources.

• Remoteness

• Smallness

• Geographical dispersion

• Fragility of ecosystems

•Heavy dependence on imports

The Special Case of Small

Islands

Page 17: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: Island States

The usual image of a small island: Remote, isolated, insular, paradise

In fact, islands are places where different cultures have encountered each other and lived closely

Islands are better understood as dynamic centres of cultural interaction

Islands are in fact sometimes called as the as ‘crossroads of cultures’.

Page 18: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: Island States

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from island states?

Environmental uniqueness leading to economic opportunities, that in combination lead to socio-cultural uniqueness

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to protect its ecological and social uniqueness

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at cultural preservation and tourism promotion

Page 19: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: JAPAN

Two types of multiculturalism in Japan

UniqueVariation

s

PoliticalIdeology

Page 20: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: JAPAN

Accelerating Multiculturalism in Japan

Policies to promote UniquenessImmigration PoliciesA Global Economy, member of OECDInternational Image of Japan

Page 21: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: JAPAN

Globalized Economy

Demographic changes

Food Security

Environmental Problems

Japan HAS to become

multicultural !!

Page 22: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS

1. Demographic

2. Programmatic

3. Ideological

The UN looks at multiculturalism from three perspectives – as a feature of the demographics of its members, as a part of its programmes and projects, and as an ‘ideology’

Page 23: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS

Multiculturalism

Racism and discrimination

Migration and human rights

Heritage preservation

Page 24: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS

The greatest strength of any organization is the quality of its staff members. This requires the creation of an organizational culture and environment that enables the staff to contribute to the best of their abilities.

When working at the United Nations, you need to have three “core values”

1. Integrity2. Professionalism3. Respect for Diversity

Page 25: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS

So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the United Nations?

The United Nations, by its very nature as an organization, is fundamentally multicultural.

Policies promoting multiculturalism at the UN are a critical part of the programmes and projects of its various agencies

Policies promoting multiculturalism look at it as a core value and skill that every staff member should have in order to be able to work in a global environment.

Page 26: Studies in Multicultural Societies

Contact me …

Send me an email anytime!

Hari [email protected]

IMPORTANT: When you send an email, please always put “[ZEMI]” in the subject

line!

Resources, websites, ideas, notes will be available online:

www.gdrc.info/sms/