“study on public’s reception and perception of volunteer services” 香港大學...
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““Study on Public’s Reception and Study on Public’s Reception and Perception of Volunteer Services”Perception of Volunteer Services”
香港大學 民意研究計劃香港大學 民意研究計劃The University of Hong KongThe University of Hong KongPublic Opinion ProgrammePublic Opinion Programme
Dr Robert CHUNG Ting-yiuDr Robert CHUNG Ting-yiu
9 November 20029 November 2002
• Overview
• Participation: Actual and intended
• Social influence
• Barriers and expectations
• Evaluation of provider agencies and the local culture
• Other topics
• Conclusion
Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation
OverviewOverview
• Stage One: Quantitative telephone Stage One: Quantitative telephone survey of the general publicsurvey of the general public
• Stage Two: Quantitative telephone Stage Two: Quantitative telephone survey of the service recipientssurvey of the service recipients
• Stage Three: Qualitative focus Stage Three: Qualitative focus group studiesgroup studies
Contact Information of Telephone SurveysContact Information of Telephone Surveys
Stage OneStage One Stage TwoStage Two
Date of fieldworkDate of fieldwork 28/9 – 5/10/2001 24/10 – 5/11/2001
Sample sizeSample size 1, 555 successful cases 204 successful cases
Response rateResponse rate 64.2% 97.6%
Standard errorStandard error < 1.3% < 3.5%
Target populationTarget populationCantonese-speakers aged 15 or above
Organization representatives
Research methodResearch methodRandom telephone survey with interviewers
Telephone survey with interviewers
Weighting methodWeighting methodAdjusted according to age-sex distribution reported in 2001 Census
Not applied
Information of Focus Group Studies Information of Focus Group Studies
VolunteersVolunteers Service RecipientsService Recipients
Date of fieldworkDate of fieldwork 21/12/2001 31/01/2002
Sample sizeSample size 32 8
Target populationTarget population VolunteersOrganization
representatives
Research methodResearch methodFocus group discussions with
experienced moderators
Participation: ActualParticipation: Actualand Intendedand Intended
Experience of Participating in Experience of Participating in VolunteeringVolunteering
Experience in Organized
Volunteering only
Experience in Mutual Aid
only
Experience in EITHER Organized
Volunteering or Mutual Aid
Yes 22% 55% 62%
No 78% 44% 38%
Last Participation in VolunteeringLast Participation in Volunteering
27%
5%
7%10%14%
12%
11%7% 6% <=1 month
<=2 months (but >1month)<=3 months (but > 2months)<=6 months (but > 3months)<=1 year (but > 6months)<=2 years (but > 1year) <=3 years (but > 2years) > 3 years (pleasespecify)Forgotten
7%4%4%
37%42%
1%1% 2%
4%
Organized Volunteering
Mutual Aid
No. of times Participated in VolunteeringNo. of times Participated in Volunteering [Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months ][Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months ]
Organized Volunteering Mutual Aid
1 time 13% 6%
2 times 28% 16%
3 times 11% 18%
4 times 7% 10%
5 times 7% 7%
6 times 4% 3%
7 times 2% 1%
8 times 1% 3%
9 times 1% 0%
10 times 4% 11%
11 times or above 22% 25%
Mean 11.9 18.5
Standard Error 2.41 3.44
No. of hours Participated in Volunteering*No. of hours Participated in Volunteering*
25%
21%
9%11%
5%
9%
21%1 – 5 hours
6 – 10 hours
11 – 15 hours
16 – 20 hours
21 – 25 hours
26 – 30 hours
31 hours or above
*Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months *Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months
31%
18%7%3%5%
12%
7%
18%
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
4 hours
5 hours
6 - 10 hours
11 - 15 hours
16 hours orabove
Organized VolunteeringOrganized Volunteering
Mutual AidMutual Aid
Organized Organized VolunteeringVolunteering
Mutual Mutual AidAid
MeanMean 34.834.8 21.921.9
Standard Standard ErrorError
6.426.42 6.616.61
Perceived Hourly Rate of Volunteer WorkPerceived Hourly Rate of Volunteer Work [Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months [Excluding those who are certain that they have not participated in volunteering over the past 12 months
] ]
Organized Volunteering Mutual Aid
$0 - $9 6% 13%
$10 -$19 13% 11%
$20 -$29 30% 24%
$30 -$39 15% 21%
$40 -$49 6% 9%
$50 -$59 13% 15%
$60 or above 17% 8%
Mean $76.3 $32.4
Standard error $30.04 $1.83
12%
16%
11%5%10%13%
10%7%
17%
1 - 10 volunteers
11 - 20 volunteers
21 - 30 volunteers
31 - 40 volunteers
41 - 50 volunteers
51 - 100 volunteers
101 -300 volunteers
301 - 600 volunteers
601 volunteers or above
No. of Volunteers Deployed* No. of Volunteers Deployed*
53%
14%4%
5%
8%
7%6% 3%
1 – 5 hours
6 – 10 hours
11 – 15 hours
16 – 20 hours
21 – 40 hours
41 – 60 hours
61 - 100 hours
101 hours or above
No. of Service Hours Contributed by No. of Service Hours Contributed by Each Volunteer* Each Volunteer*
*Excluding those who are certain that they have not received any volunteering service over the past 12 months*Excluding those who are certain that they have not received any volunteering service over the past 12 months
Intention of InvolvementIntention of Involvement
Volunteering*Volunteering*Deployment of Deployment of
VolunteersVolunteers
YesYes 83%83% 98%98%
NoNo 8%8% 1%1%
Don’t know / Don’t know / hard to sayhard to say
9%9% 1%1%
*Only ask those who have participated in any form of volunteer work before*Only ask those who have participated in any form of volunteer work before
Yes40%
No37%
Don't know /hard to say
24%
Reasons for not Volunteering* Reasons for not Volunteering*
64%14%
8%
4%
2%
7%1%
<1%Lack of time
Physically unfit
Not interested
Not knowing the wayto joinNo monetary returns
Not knowing what it isaboutAvoidance of thecrowdDon't know / hard tosay Intention for Future Volunteering*Intention for Future Volunteering*
*Only ask those who have never participated in volunteer work*Only ask those who have never participated in volunteer work
Social InfluenceSocial Influence
Experience of EncouragementExperience of Encouragement
Experience of encouraging others
Experience of being encouraged
Yes 41% 32%
No 59% 68%
Main Source of EncouragementMain Source of Encouragement[Only ask those who have been encouraged to participate in volunteering][Only ask those who have been encouraged to participate in volunteering]
10%
9%
7%
5% 3% 2%
57%
2%2%
1%3%
Friends
Schoolmates
Family members
Colleagues
Teachers
Relatives
Members in the religious body
Social workers
Neighbors
Others (please specify)
Don't know / hard to say
*Opinion from focus groups: • Schools, business corporations, the elderly and new immigrant centers:
good entry points for promoting volunteerism• Schools as superlative bases for promoting volunteerism
Barriers and ExpectationsBarriers and Expectations
Barriers to the Development of VolunteeringBarriers to the Development of VolunteeringVolunteers Service
Recipients
Lack of time of HK people 22% 17%
Poor economic conditions 14% 13%
Lack of resources 10% 25%
Lack of atmosphere for volunteering 6% 10%
Lack of care for others of HK people 6% 2%
Insufficient assistance from the government
3% 2%
Insufficient promotion 3% 5%
Influence of the mass media 2% 1%
Others 5% 14%
Don’t know / hard to say 30% 13%
11
2233 11
22
33
Ways to Promote VolunteeringWays to Promote Volunteering
Volunteers Service Recipients
To improve the economic conditions 12% 7%
To inject more resources 8% 20%
To cultivate the atmosphere for volunteering
7% 8%
More promotion 6% 4%
More governmental assistance 6% 17%
To cultivate the care for others among HK people
6% 3%
To improve the conduct of the mass media 4% 1%
More civic education 2% 4%
More compliments to the volunteers 1% 5%
Others (please specify) 5% 10%
Don't know / hard to say 43% 23%
11
22
33 33
22
11
The Most Preferred Supporting BodyThe Most Preferred Supporting Body
Volunteer Service Recipients
The government 38% 32%
People in Hong Kong 26% 11%
Non-government organizations 21% 28%
All of the above 2% 25%
Others 2% 2%
Don't know / hard to say 12% 3%
*Opinion from focus groups: • Genuine support from government is indispensable (volunteers)• More civic education needed (volunteers)• Additional resources from government and all walks of life urged (service recipients)
11
22
33 22
33
11
Perceived Social Status of VolunteersPerceived Social Status of Volunteers
Volunteers Service Recipients
Respectable 56% 72%
Non-essential 17% 16%
Not respected 2% 2%
Don't know / hard to say 25% 10%
Nature of Volunteering Service Nature of Volunteering Service
Service Received *Service Needed
Recreational activities 18% 18%
Visiting 15% 12%
Clerical work 9% 9%
Promotion and community-education
6% 4%
Escorting service 5% 3%
Homework tutoring 4% 4%
Counseling 4% 3%
Skill coaching 3% 4%
Labour work 3% 3%
Others 33% 36%
Don't know / hard to say 0% 4%
* Excluding those who are certain that they would not deploy volunteers againExcluding those who are certain that they would not deploy volunteers again
11
22
33
11
22
33
Evaluation of Provider Agencies Evaluation of Provider Agencies and the Local Cultureand the Local Culture
Evaluation of ServicesEvaluation of Services
71%
15%8% 6%
86%
10%1% 3%
0%10%
20%30%
40%50%60%
70%80%
90%100%
Satisfied Half-half Dissatisfied Don't know /hard to say
Services provided by volunteerprovider agencies
Performance of volunteers
Satisfaction with Various Aspects ofSatisfaction with Various Aspects ofProvider AgenciesProvider Agencies
46%
55%
29%
72%
19% 19% 18%
10%12%
6%
13%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Adequacy ofservices
Ability to meetthe needs
Quality ofmanagement
Accessibility
Satisfied
Half-half
Dissatisfied
Evaluation of the Influence of Evaluation of the Influence of Government Policies and Local CultureGovernment Policies and Local Culture
58%
22%
5%
15%
57%
22%
15%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Encouraging Half-half Hindering Don't know / hardto say
Current Government Policies
Culture in Hong Kong
Other TopicsOther Topics
38%
16%9%
8%
6%5%
2%
7%
3%2%1% 3%
A waste of time / lack of time
Troublesome / need to attendmeetingsA waste of money
Inadequate publicity
Care less for homework/work
Care less for family
Not knowing what volunteer work is
Afraid of being exploited
Making bad friends
Being selfish
No monetary returns
Others (please specify)
36%
16%12%
9%
7%4%
1%
5%
8%
2%To help others
To serve the community
To kill time
To enrich knowledge
To make friends
To gain work/social experience
To reveal hidden potential
For self-promotion
Others (please specify)
Don't know / hard to say
General Motivations for VolunteeringGeneral Motivations for Volunteering
General Hindrances for VolunteeringGeneral Hindrances for Volunteering
Channels for Learning about Ways to VolunteerChannels for Learning about Ways to Volunteer
[Only ask those who have participated in organized volunteering before ][Only ask those who have participated in organized volunteering before ]
19%4%2%9%
9%
3%
1%15%
4% 34%
<1%
<1%1%
Referral by friends
Schools/ teachers
Referral by family members
Referral by relatives
Religious bodies
Social service organizations
Newspapers
Magazines
Radio
Television
Internet
Others (please specify)
Don't know / hard to say
Need for Training before VolunteeringNeed for Training before Volunteering
Yes47%
No46%
Doesn't matter7%
[Only ask those who have participated in organized volunteering before][Only ask those who have participated in organized volunteering before]
*Opinion from focus groups: • Success of volunteer services greatly enhanced by adequate training• Regular training programs for potential and existing volunteers urged
ConclusionConclusion
Survey of General PublicSurvey of General Public
• Over 60% of HK people had ever participated in any form of volunteer work
• Two-fifth of respondents volunteered over the past 12 months
• The majority of those who had volunteered would continue to volunteer
• Half of those who had never volunteered would consider volunteering
• Most people positively assessed volunteers and thought that volunteers were being respected
• Helping others and serving the community were perceived as the motivations for volunteering, while a waste of time as the major hindrance
Survey of Service RecipientsSurvey of Service Recipients
• Four-fifths of organization representatives had ever received volunteering service within one month ago
• Service recipients deployed 237 volunteers on average in the past year, each volunteer provided an average of 25 service hours
• Volunteer services received and needed in future were mainly recreational activities and visiting
• Arrangement of volunteering service provided by volunteer provider agencies and the performance of volunteers
positively evaluated
Focus Group DiscussionsFocus Group Discussions
• Communications and mutual understand between volunteers and organizations considered important
• Post-service follow-ups and training needed for volunteers
• Development of systematic database of volunteers called for
• Schools as superlative bases for promoting volunteerism
• Support from government (more resources) urged
• More research on volunteerism to be initiated
Thank you!Thank you!