study on sandstorm’s impact on environment · study on sandstorm’s impact on environment...

Study on Sandstorm’s Impact on Environment

2008.11

The Fifth Tripartite Presidents Meeting among NIES,NIER and CRAES

Prof.Yunjiang Yu

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Administrator

テキストボックス

TPM 5 - Session 4　Review of TPM Activities and Collaboration in the Future

Outline

Objectives

The existing DSS research of China

The work plan of China for Joint Research on DSS

Project Implementation Schedule

Cooperative ways

Objectives

Research on the sandstorm’s source, transportation, deposition, metamorphose and transformation

Establish early-alarm system of sandstorm’s impact on environment

Study on sandstorm source’s impact on human health under uncertain factors,

Improve China-Japan-Korea communication in the field of sandstorm’s impact on environment , setting up long-term effective cooperative system


Temporal and Spatial Distribution of sandstorm,China(1954-2000)

Fig2. The total number of sandstorm days from 1954 to 2000 in China

During the passed 47 years, the emergence of sandstorms showed a descending trend , which is better than that during the 1950s-1960s. In 1970s the declining situation reached its lowest point in 1997. After 1997,dust storms showed an increasing trend again.

From National tenth five-year plan science and technology key project , Project Number:2001-BA608B-09


Monitoring and forecasting/early warningMonitoring and forecasting/early warning

The situation in China is complicated as many different agencies and institutions maintain monitoring networks within the nation. Most of them were not specifically set up to monitor DSS but many stations collect data that is relevant to forecasting and early warning. Access to the data within the time frame required by modellers and forecasters is not always possible.

In China there are at least four institutions at the central governmental or institutional level directly responsible for the prevention and control of DSS, especially for the monitoring, forecasting and early warning.

------The Ministy of Environment Protection (MEP)

------The Central Meteorological Agency (CMA)

------ The State Forestry Agency (SFA)

------ The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), each having its own network.


The National Project of DSS and Desertification prevention and Control from 2000 to 2010 ：about 22 projects, the total budget----4080 billion￥; project areas----16697 billion ha.

Sand dust monitoringSand dust monitoring——SampleSampleⅠⅠ

Monitoring sites and affected areas

PM 2.5 + TSP sampling sites

- Mini-volume-sampler

- 200 l/h

- QF filter

- weekly samples

- day/night sampling

——SampleSampleⅡⅡ

★ Project Name：Geochemical Analysis of Aerosol in Beijing

★ Cooperative Institution1、Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

2、Research Academy of Mineralogy and Geochemical, Karlsruhe

★ Starting time: July,2005

Lasting time : two years

Project Situation

Sand dust monitoring Sand dust monitoring ——SampleSampleⅡⅡ

Sand dust monitoring Sand dust monitoring ——SampleSampleⅡⅡ

experimental site

After finishing the project, we continue to monitor the aerosol on the top of our building in CRAES.

PM1 day PM1 night

TSP

PM2.5 dayPM2.5 night

At the same time, we monitor correlative atmosphere pollutant in CRAES, including SO2, NOx, CO, O3 and PM and so on.


The research projects on DSS of China

Finished research projects1. Study on the control technology of wind erosion desertification of grassland in

north China, State 10th five years key project, 2001-2004.

2. Study on rapid vegetation restoration technology in the large range of sandy land, State 10th five years key project, 2004-2006.


’08 Working Group: the research projects on DSS of China

Present Research Projects1. Study on Technical Methods and Application Demonstration of Eco-Asset

Assessment, Director of the project, funded by ministry of science and technology, China. 2007-2009.

2. Study on the integrated control model and the technical countermeasures of degraded ecosystem in Southwest Mountain Region of China, State 11th five years key project, Director of the project, 2007-2010.

3. Biodiversity conservation and sustainable management on Hulunbeir grassland, ECBP/06/051, Director of the project, UNDP-COSU, 2008~2010.

4. Study on control technology and demonstration of wind erosion desertification of grassland in east China. State 11th five years key project, 2006-2010.


From biodiversity conservation and sustainable management on Hulunbeir grassland, ECBPThe project researches integrated control model with engineering and biological models based on

shifting and semi-fixed sandy land, in which the total area is 7500ha.

Sand dust control modelSand dust control model

Straw checkerboard barriers of shifting sand land in Hulunbeir grassland

One- year Two-year


The source, transmission and the impact of sand dust on the environment

The source, transmission and the impact of sand dust on the environment

Sandstorm’s Impact on Human HealthSandstorm’s Impact on Human Health

Sandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystemSandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystem

Establishment of sandstorms forecast and movement model

Establishment of sandstorms forecast and movement model

Study on the prevention of sandstorm and restoration technology of vegetation

Study on the prevention of sandstorm and restoration technology of vegetation


The source, transportation and the impact on the environmentThe source, transportation and the impact on the environment

1. Pollution characterization of dust sand aerosol

2.Physical chemical characterization of dust sand aerosol

Choose representative monitoring spots in countries and regions (Korea and Japan) at leeward direction of sandstorm source area, sandstorm occurring region and sandstorm to conduct monitoring of aerosol pollution characterization with simultaneous monitoring scheme.

Conduct monitoring of aerosol size and concentration spectrum distributions to obtain continuous results of multi-stations, analyzing comprehensively the micro-topography, inorganic chemical components, organic components (including spore and pollen element), mineral element, particle topography and component of collected particulate filter sample.


3. Deposition mechanism and rule of dust sand aerosol during its transportation

4. Transformation characterization of dust sand aerosol during transportation

Monitor the deposition character and velocity of dust sand aerosol during transportation in different regions, simulating and studying deposition velocity of dust sand aerosol of different sizes under different meteorological conditions.

Study the transformation and metamorphose characterization and mechanism of dust sand aerosol during transportation, through comparison and analysis of aerosol’s physical chemical characterization in countries and regions (Korea and Japan) at leeward direction of sandstorm source area, sandstorm occurring region and sandstorm.

Establishment sandstorm forecast and movement modelEstablishment sandstorm forecast and movement model


Based on various existing models, for example ‘DSS Forecasting Model Based on SVM’ and ‘DSS Model Based on GA-neural Network’ etc, establishing more accurate early forecast and transport model and verifying them by the use of monitoring data.

The forecast model will provide both short-term (early warning) and long-term (seasonal) predictions. Long-term forecasting will depend heavily on data derived from ground surface monitoring and on verification of prediction model output.

Sandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystemSandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystem


1. Sandstorm’s impact on temporal and spatial variation of land utilization typeThrough analysis on the relationship between dust storm and surface (land cover and vegetables coverage degree) in Northern China , it is revealed what relationship the land cover and vegetable coverage degree have with the form of dust storm and change.

2. Sandstorm’s impact on land cover and vegetables coverage degreeOccurrence of sand-dust storms is a process that accelerates land desertification ,and can also be

considered as a factor of land desertification at a certain stage. Thus, it is of significance both in theory and practice to reveal the interaction between these two phenomena. Based on mass data of temporal and spatial variation of land utilization type from investigation, a study will be made of sand-dust storms on land desertification.


3. Assessment of sandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystem

Assess impact of sandstorm on regional ecosystem through time and space study on

land utilization type, soil property, surface cover and vegetation type.

Study on the preventing sandstorm and restoration technology of vegetationStudy on the preventing sandstorm and restoration technology of vegetation


1. Assessment on ecological carrying capability of different grassland in sandstorm source areas

2. Impact of different grassland utilization regulations and intensities on sandstorm in source areas

The monitoring and assessment on ecological carrying capability of different kinds of grassland will be studied in sandstorm source and route areas

The impact of grazing pattern, time and intensity on sandstorm will be studied in sandstorm source areas in order to develop the best grassland utilization measures and control the origin of the sandstorm.


3. Vegetation restoration measures of degraded and sandy grassland in sandstorm source areas

4. Study and assessment on different control models

The contribution of degraded and sandy grassland soil seed storage for the natural vegetation restoration in sandstorm source areas will be studied. The best combination of different grass, shrub and arbor species will be chosen, the packaging technology of good grass and shrub seed as well as the planting and management technology of comprehensive grass, shrub and arbor vegetation will also be included.

Appling the engineering measures, the vegetation restoration results and sand preventing effects will be studied by the different influencing factors including vegetation structure, seed disposal technology, planting time and pattern.

Route 1 Horqin —— HulunbeierRoute 1 Horqin —— Hulunbeier

Route 2 Datong——Ordos——AlaxRoute 2 Datong——Ordos——Alax

Route 3 ZhangJiakou——LanQi——XilinhotRoute 3 ZhangJiakou——LanQi——Xilinhot

Proposed Investigation routes


1.Epidemiological survey

Sandstorm’s Impact on Human HealthSandstorm’s Impact on Human Health


Select survey locales according to environmental monitoring results and relevant data to study the harm of dust sand aerosol on respiratory system, cardiovascular system and immune system etc. Corresponding database should be established on the basis of study on groups of all ages especially the sensitive groups (the old and the children), with appropriate environmental epidemiological questionnaire designed through expert demonstration. After adjustment of social economical status and hazard recognition degree, odds ratio of each effect should be calculated using statistical methods, to find out whether there is apparent difference in each undesirable effect’s occurrence. Then the potential hazardous factors would be analyzed with environmental monitoring data involved.


According to data and results of epidemiology and field investigation, physiological and

biochemical experiments on animal should be conducted with indoor modeling experiments

involved. Then the pathogenic mechanism would be studied further from the aspects of numerator

level and gene level to probe into the imperiling way and feature of effect of dust sand aerosol on

organisms.

2. Environmental toxicological experiment

Project Implementation Schedule

Project Duration June, 2007—April, 2012

ProgressArrangement

2007.06-2008.04 Data Collection

2008.05-2010.11Set up monitoring network,Simultaneous Monitoring and Comprehensive Analysis

2009.11-2011.04 Environmental Epidemiological Survey

2011.04-2012.04 Project Summary and Communication

Cooperative ways

Designing monitoring sites togetherDesigning monitoring items

Analyze the pollution characterization of sand dust aerosolEstablish the model of sandstorm’s transportationAssessment of sandstorm’s impact on regional ecosystem through the

investigation of the space-time change of the soil character, earth's surface layer and vegetationAccording to the result of monitoring and other concerned information, we design

the epidemiological survey locales and investigate sandstorm’s impact on health. Meantime, we conduct researches on pathological effects and pathogenic mechanism of atmospheric particle pollutant by means of experiments

Sample analysisData sharing mechanismSummary and Communication of the research results

Thank you

The Fifth Tripartite Presidents Meeting among NIES,NIER and CRAES

study on sandstorm’s impact on environment · study on sandstorm’s impact on environment...

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