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NGUYN TH HNG

S IU CHNH CHNH SCH I NGOI

CA M VI NHT BN TRONG NHIM K

CA TNG THNG R.NIXON (1969 1973)

LUN VN THC S LCH S

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TRNG I HC KHOA HC X HI V NHN VN

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NGUYN TH HNG

S IU CHNH CHNH SCH I NGOI

CA M VI NHT BN TRONG NHIM K

CA TNG THNG R.NIXON (1969 1973)

Chuyn ngnh: Lch s th gii

M s: 60 22 50

LUN VN THC S LCH S

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. Trn Thin Thanh

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hon thnh c lun vn ny em nhn c s gip v gp rt tn tnh v

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vn i hc Quc gia H Ni gip v to iu kin cho em hon thnh tt lun vn.

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ng vin v gip ti trong thi gian ti hc tp v nghin cu.

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PHN M U .............................................................................................. 1

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CHNG I: NHNG NHN T TC NG N S IU CHNH

CHNH SCH I NGOI CA M VI NHT BN CUI THP

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TI LIU THAM KHO .............................................................................. 5

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Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (T

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OECD

Hi ng an ninh quc gia M ( National Security Council) NSC

1

PHN M U

1. L do chn ti.

Trong bi cnh ton cu ha vi tc nhanh chng nh hin nay, mi

c th u phi tm cch thch nghi vi mt thc t l mi trng xung quanh

thay i khng ngng. Mi quc gia cng vy, phi a ra nhng chin lc

v sch lc ph hp vi bin i phc tp ca mi quan h vi cc ch th

khc nhau trong quan h quc t. Vic hoch nh chnh sch i ngoi ca

mi quc gia u xut pht t li ch quc gia, phn tch tnh hnh thc t ca

tng i tng, tng mi quan h trong bi cnh chung ca ton th gii v

khu vc, t tm ra nhng ng hng chnh sch em li li ch ln nht

cho mnh. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu chnh sch i ngoi ca cc quc gia

khng ch l hot ng c ngha thc tin tm v m, rt ra nhng bi hc

cho vic hoch nh chnh sch ca mi nc, m cn gip cc thc th khc

trong quan h quc t thch nghi vi mi trng thc t ca mnh.

T lu, chnh sch i ngoi ca cc nc ln lun c tc ng to ln

vi th gii. V vy, vic nghin cu chnh sch i ngoi ca cc nc ny

lun c cc hc gi trn th gii quan tm, c bit l chnh sch i ngoi

ca M. Trong chnh sch i ngoi ca M, mng chnh sch vi Nht Bn

trong th k XX li cng thu ht s quan tm ca cc nh nghin cu lch s

v quan h quc t. iu xut pht t nhng iu c bit ca lch s hai

nc. Khng ai c th ph nhn rng M l mt trong nhng nc c nh

hng ln nht trn th gii. Cn chu , Nht Bn cng c tm nh hng

quan trng trong khu vc. Mi quan h ca hai nc cng tri qua nhng

thng trm: tng l k th ca nhau trong th chin th hai (1939 1945)

nhng sau khi bc ra khi cuc chin mt thi gian li tr thnh ng minh

v quan h lin minh M - Nht Bn vn c duy tr, cng c cho ti nay.

Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh tn ti, lin minh M - Nht Bn cng c

nhng thi k ng trc nhng thch thc gay gt buc mi nc phi a

ra nhng iu chnh ph hp vi s thay i ca thc t trong v ngoi nc.

2

Giai on 1969 1973 trong nhim k ca Tng thng R. Nixon l mt giai

on nh vy. M phi iu chnh chnh sch i ngoi vi Nht Bn th

hin ch yu trn hai phng din l an ninh chnh tr v kinh t. V sao M

phi iu chnh chnh sch i ngoi vi Nht Bn? S iu chnh c ph

v hay vn nm trong lin minh M - Nht Bn? S iu chnh tc ng

nh th no ti chnh nc M, vi Nht Bn v vi khu vc chu trong

c Vit Nam?... Nhng vn hu nh cha c cc hc gi trong nc

i su nghin cu. Do vy, vn ny i hi c s phn tch tng th v su

sc i n nhng gii p tha ng.

cng chnh l nhng l do khin ti la chn vn S iu chnh

chnh sch i ngoi ca M vi Nht Bn trong nhim k ca Tng thng

R. Nixon (1969 1973) lm ti nghin cu cho Lun vn Thc s Lch s

ca mnh.

2. Lch s nghin cu vn .

Trong phm vi ngun ti liu m c nhn tip cn c, xin tm tt lch

s nghin cu vn ny trong v ngoi nc nh sau:

nc ngoi, c th thy s lng cc cng trnh nghin cu v chnh

sch i ngoi ca M l rt nhiu, chng t y l mt ch nghin cu rt

c cc hc gi quan tm. Trong s , c th phn chia thnh hai nhm nh

sau: Nhm th nht l nhng nghin cu tng quan v nc M v nhng

lnh vc c th trong c cc vn lin quan n chnh sch i ngoi ca

M ni chung; nhm th hai l nghin cu trc tip v chnh sch i ngoi

ca M vi Nht Bn ni chung v trong nhim k ca Tng thng R. Nixon

(1969 1973) ni ring.

Vi nhm th nht, mt s sch v tin trnh lch s nc M v vn

ha M nh An outline of American History (Khi lc lch s nc M,

1994) ca Howard c xut bn bng ting Vit nm 2000, hay cun

America (Nc M, 2000) ca George Brown Tindall v David

Emorynghin cu lch s v vn ha M trn phm vi thi gian v khng

3

gian rng to c s cho vic phn tch qu trnh hoch nh chnh sch i

ngoi ca M, tuy nhin phn v chnh sch i ngoi ca M vi Nht Bn

chim mt t l rt nh. Ngoi ra, c kh nhiu hc gi nghin cu v chnh

sch i ngoi ca M trong v sau chin tranh lnh, xin nu mt vi tc

phm tiu biu: Nm 1973, cun U.S. foreign Policy in a changing world

ca Elan M. Johns, Jr. c xut bn ti New York. Nm 1983, cun

Foreign Policy Making and the American Political System ca hai tc gi

James A. Nathan v James K. Oliver ca i hc Delaware c xut bn ti

Toronto, Canada. Cun sch tp trung nghin cu mi quan h gia vic

hoch nh chnh sch i ngoi vi h thng chnh tr M trong thi k t sau

Chin tranh th gii th hai n u thp nin 80. Nm 1994, cun The

American Age - U.S. foreign policy at home and abroad ca Walter Lafeber

c xut bn vi 2 tp I v II. tp II, tc gi dng li mt cch tng th

chnh sch i ni v i ngoi ca M c bit l trong th k XX trong

cng bao hm nhng chnh sch lin quan n Nht Bn. Ngoi ra, trong tc

phm M thay i ln chin lc ton cu ca hc gi L Thc Cc c

dch v xut bn nm 1996 phn tch nhng bin i ca tnh hnh chnh tr

th gii, nguyn nhn dn n vic M iu chnh chin lc ton cu. Mt

tc phm ng ch khc l Nc M na th k - Chnh sch i ngoi

ca Hoa K trong v sau chin tranh lnh ca Thomas McCommick

c dch ra ting Vit v xut bn nm 2004. Cun sch phn tch c h

thng chnh sch i ngoi ca M trong na th k - trong v sau chin tranh

lnh, ng thi tc gi i su phn tch cn nguyn ca nhng iu chnh

chnh sch i ngoi trong thi gian .

C th ni, cho n thi im hin ti, c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin

cu ca cc hc gi M, Anh, Trung Qucv chnh sch i ngoi ca M

song a phn l nhng cng trnh nghin cu trn phm vi rng, nhiu ch th

trong quan h vi M. Phn v chnh sch i ngoi ca M vi Nht Bn

trong cc cng trnh chim t l rt nh nhng cng cung cp nhng hiu

4

bit tng qut v bi cnh lch s ca vic hoch nh v iu chnh chnh

sch i ngoi ca M. Nhng hiu bit gip ti nhn nhn vn mt

cch bao qut v a chiu hn.

Vi nhm th hai, nghin cu trc tip v chnh sch i ngoi ca M

vi Nht Bn cng c kh nhiu cng trnh di dng sch tham kho, bi

vit. Trc ht l mt cun sch ng tin cy ca cu i s M ti Nht Bn

Edwin O.Reischeur xut bn nm 1965 v ti bn nm 1969 ti M vi nhan

The United States and Japan. Cun sch vit v mi quan h M - Nht

Bn t 1945 1952 n gia nhng nm 1960, bn cnh l nhng mi

quan h trc chin tranh M - Nht Bn v mt s vn khc trong quan

h hai nc. Nm 1974, cun sch United States Japanese relations: The

1970s ca tc gi Priscilla Clapp vit v mi quan h ca M - Nht Bn

trong thp nin 1970 trn cc phng din quan h ngoi giao, kinh t gia

M v Nht Bn, trin vng ca mi quan h ny. Nm 1976, cun

Managing an Alliance: The politics of U.S. Japanese relations cng ca

Priscilla Clapp cng nhm tc gi I.M. Destler, Sato Hideo, c xut bn ti

Washington. Cun sch ny phn tch nhng vn tn ti trong quan h

hai nc trong hn hai thp nin sau Th chin II v qu trnh hoch nh

chnh sch i ngoi gia hai nc trong giai on ny. c bit, cun sch

U.S. Japanese relations throughout History: The Clash c pht hnh

nm 1998 ca tc gi Walter Lafeber c xem l mt cch tip cn mi

trong cc nghin cu v quan h M - Nht Bn. Tc gi phn tch mi

quan h hai nc di gc nhn ca s va chm, xung t ca cc li ch gia

hai nc trong tin trnh lch s t cui th k XIX n cui th k XX. Nm

2001, mt tc phm kh h thng v mi quan h M - Nht Bn l

Partnership The United States and Japan 1951 2001 do nh nghin cu

Akira Iriye ca trng i hc Havard ch bin. Trong cun sch ny, mt s

bi vit ca cc tc gi khc c tp hp em n ci nhn tng th v mi

quan h gia hai nc trong na th k. Mt s kha cnh c i su phn

5

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit

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4-1969, Vin Kinh t hc, U ban khoa hc x hi Vit Nam, Nxb U

ban khoa hc x hi, 1969.

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chin tranh lnh, Nxb Khoa hc x hi, 2000.

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Tp ch Nghin cu ng Bc , s 3, 2006.

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6. Gaddis, John L., Gi chng ta mi bit- Suy ngh li v lch s chin

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Ni, 2009.

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mi ca M n ng Nam , Tp ch Nghin cu ng Nam , s 6,

2005.

8. Dng H, Mt chng bi thm , Nxb Qun i nhn dn, 1980.

9. Harvey, Robert, MacArthur, Hirohito cuc sc tay i gia M v

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11. Nguyn Quc Hng (Cb), Lch s Nht Bn, Nxb Th gii, 2012.

12. Nguyn Khc Hunh, Cuc khng chin chng M ca Vit Nam tc

ng ca nhn t quc t, Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, 2010.

13. Nguyn Thi Yn Hng , Trin vng quan h M - Nht Bn v tc

ng n khu vc ng Nam , Tp ch nghin cu quc t, s 3, 2006.

6

14. Irie Akira, Ngoi giao Nht Bn, s la chn ca Nht Bn trong thi

i ton cu ha, L Th Bnh, Nguyn c Minh (dch), Nxb Tri Thc,

2012.

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Ngc L.... (Dch), Nxb Qun i nhn dn, 1986.

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s la chn trong th k XXI, Linh Lan, Yn Hngdch, Nxb Chnh

tr quc gia, H Ni, 2004.

17. Khng hong ng la, Nxb S tht, 1979.

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nhng thng nm t 1968 n 1973, L Ngc T (dch), Nxb Cng an

nhn dn, 2004.

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ca M vi cc nc ln khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng, Nxb

Chnh tr Quc gia, 2003.

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cch nhn, Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, 2005.

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ch Ton cnh s kin-d lun, s 173, 2004.

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Cng an nhn dn, 1998.

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Tp ch Nghin cu quc t s 1(60), 2005.

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nin, 2001.

7

27. L Thc Cc, M thay i ln Chin lc ton cu: Sch tham kho, L

Quang Lm dch, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, 1996.

28. Phan Don Nam, L Linh Lan, inh Hin Lng... , Chuyn kho cc

vn quc t v ngoi giao Vit Nam, Nxb Thng tin Khoa hc quan

h Quc t, 2000.

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cu Hoa K trong v sau chin tranh lnh, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H

Ni, 2004.

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Nxb Thng tn x Vit Nam, 1978.

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an nhn dn, 2004.

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chin tranh th gii th hai n nay, Tp ch Nghin cu Nht Bn v

ng Bc , s 1 (55) 2005.

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hi, 2004.

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h vi Vit Nam trong hai thp nin u th k XXI, Nxb Chnh tr Quc

gia, 2006.

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gii hin i t 1945 n 1995, Nxb i hc quc gia, 1998.

39. Trn Thin Thanh, Chnh sch i ngoi ca M i vi Nht Bn trong

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8

40. Phng c Thng, Trn Minh Trng, Quan h Lin X Trung Quc

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Chu - Thi Bnh Dng trong bi cnh quc t mi, Nxb Khoa hc

x hi, 2004.

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tr quc gia H Ch Minh, 1994.

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Thu H lc dch, Nxb Cng an nhn dn, 2003.

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lnh v tc ng ti khu vc ng , Lun vn Thc s Lch s, i hc

Quc gia H Ni, 2007.

Ting Anh

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9

50. Clapp Priscilla, Halperin M. H., United States - Japanese relations : The

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10

62. Iriye Akira (Ed), Wampler Robert A., Partnership: the United States and

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America, 1985.

11

74. Nathan James A., Oliver James K., Foreign Policy Making and the

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Internet

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