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Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases 为中国公司在海外保护品牌提供成功商标战略和经验: 近期美国案例观察 Corporate Intellectual Property Conference 2013 企业知识产权峰会 2013 Presented by 演讲者 Michael E. Mangelson 孟望诚 Partner, Stoel Rives LLP 美国富励律师事务所合伙人 Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国 May 30-31, 2013 | 2013530日至31

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Page 1: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons

Learned for Chinese Companies

Protecting Their Brands Overseas:

Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

为中国公司在海外保护品牌提供成功商标战略和经验:

近期美国案例观察

Corporate Intellectual Property Conference 2013

企业知识产权峰会 2013

Presented by

演讲者

Michael E. Mangelson

孟望诚

Partner, Stoel Rives LLP

美国富励律师事务所合伙人

Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Page 2: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

2

Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

被认可的优秀律师事务所

• 独立的法律研究机构,钱伯斯法律评级机构授予90名富励律师事务所律师其所在领域最佳律师称号。

• 著名的“美国最佳律师” (Best Lawyers in

America®)将富励律师事务所评为美国20家最优秀律师事务所之一。富励律师事务所的159

名律师专注于包括知识产权在内的66个法律专业领域。

• 富励律师事务所的18名律师在其执业领域内被评为“2013年度最佳律师”

Page 3: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

3

Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

富励律师事务所办公室

西雅图,华盛顿州

温哥华,华盛顿州

波特兰,俄勒冈州

旧金山,加利福尼亚州

萨克拉门托,加利福尼亚州

太浩城,加利福尼亚州

圣地亚哥,

加利福尼亚州

博伊西,爱达荷州

盐湖城,犹他州 明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达州

安克雷奇,

阿拉斯加洲

华盛顿特区

Page 4: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

4

Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

U.S. Trademark Protection Strategy: A Multi-Level Approach

美国商标保护战略:多方位策略

Selection &

Clearance

选择 &排查

Registration &

Maintenance

注册&维护

Monitoring &

Investigation

监督&调查

Enforcement

执法

Page 5: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

What to Protect? 保护什么?

• “Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a

hundred battles without defeat.” “知己知彼 百战百胜”

• Sun Tzu孙武 (544-496 BC), The Art of War 孙子兵法

• • You can only protect what you know you have

and value (IP inventory)

你只能保护你已知的所拥有的知识产权及其价值 (知识产权清点)

• Instill a sense of brand ownership and make

trademark protection the responsibility of the

entire China team, not merely a function of the

legal counsel’s office.

建立品牌所有权意识,并使商标保护成为整个中国团队的责任,而不仅仅是法务部门的工作。

Page 6: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Select a Strong Foreign Language Mark

选择一个外文的商标

Options:

方法: • Develop an entirely new brand

创建一个全新的商标

– 联想集团 (“联想”= “Lenovo”)

• Transliteration

通过音译

– Based on Pinyin

根据拼音,如华能国际电力股份 ( “华能”=“Huaneng” )

– Based on similar sounding English word

根据相似的英文发音,如深圳迈瑞电子有限公司 ( “迈瑞”= Mindray )

Page 7: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

• Translation

通过翻译(意译)

– 新东方教育科技集团 ( “新东方” = “New Oriental” )

– Applicants filing in another language in a foreign country must

carefully consider translation of their marks

申请者在另一个国家采用外文申请商标时一定要格外注意商标翻译成当地语言的意思。

Chevrolet’s NOVA car: Only after the car was

released in Mexico did Chevrolet realize

that “NO VA” in Spanish means “cannot go.”

美国雪佛兰公司的新星牌(NOVA)汽车:该款车在墨西

哥正式发布上市之后,雪佛兰公司才意识到 “NO VA”

在西班牙语的意思是“走不了”。

Select a Strong Foreign Language Mark

选择一个外文的商标

Page 8: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Clear Your Trademark Before Use and Registration

在注册和使用商标之前先进行排查

Case Study - SunEarth, Inc. v. Ningbo Solar

• Ningbo Solar’s Chinese trademark means “sun and earth.”

宁波太阳能的中文商标翻译为“太阳和地球。”

• Ningbo Solar started using an English “Sun-Earth” mark in the

U.S. in 2010.

在2010年,宁波太阳能开始在美国使用“Sun-Earth”商标

• SunEarth, Inc. (a U.S. company) had already been selling solar

products in the U.S. under the mark “SunEarth” since 1987.

SunEarth公司(美国公司)自1987年以来已经在美国使用SunEarth”商标 销售太阳能产品

Page 9: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Clear Your Trademark Before Use and Registration

在注册和使用商标之前先进行排查

• SunEarth, Inc. sued Ningbo Solar for trademark

infringement, and the court enjoined Ningbo Solar

from using of its “Sun-Earth” mark in the U.S.

SunEarth公司提起诉讼,宁波太阳能被认定故意侵犯SunEarth的商标,并被禁止在美国进一步使用“Sun

Earth”商标

• Ningbo Solar now uses its “nbsolar” mark in the U.S.

and its “Sun-Earth” mark in other countries.

宁波太阳能(现为日地太阳能有限公司)现在在美国使用其“nbsolar”商标,在其他国家使用其”Sun-Earth”商标。

Page 10: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Clear Your Trademark Before Use and Registration

在注册和使用商标之前先进行排查

Lessons Learned:吸取经验:

• Search and clear your trademark before using it or spending time

and money registering and building brand recognition in it.

在使用或是投入时间金钱注册和建立商标认可度之前,请检索和排查该商标是否已被使用

• Translations can also infringe. Search both Chinese and translated

versions of your trademark.

翻译也可能侵权。检索您商标的中英文版本。

• Words are typically more dominant than images in a logo when

determining infringement.

在认定是否侵权时,商标标识中的文字比图片更具有说明力

Page 11: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Determining Priority: 确定优先权

First to File vs. First to Use

先申请 vs. 先使用

• China: First to File. The individual or company that first files a

trademark in China will have rights to prevent others from

registering and using the mark in China and from exporting

products bearing the mark, regardless of whether it was first to use

the mark there.

中国: 先申请。 在中国,不论是谁第一个使用了某一标识,第一个

申请注册为商标的个人或公司将有权限制其它个人或组织注册和使用,包括在出口产品上使用其注册的商标。

Priority Is Key 优先权是关键

Page 12: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Determining Priority: 确定优先权

• United States: First to Use. The individual or

company that first uses the mark on goods or services

in commerce will have rights to prevent others from

registering and using the mark in the U.S.

美国: 先使用。在美国,第一个在商业活动中的商品或

服务上使用某标识的个人或公司有权限制其它个人或组织注册和使用该标识。

Priority Is Key 优先权是关键

Page 13: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Case Study - Perfect Pearl v. Majestic Pearl

案例学习- Perfect Pearl v. Majestic Pearl

• Hong Kong Company Majestic Pearl registered the marks “Majestic” and “Majestic

Pearl” in the U.S. in 2001.

香港公司 Majestic Pearl于2001年在美国注册其商标为 “Majestic” , “Majestic Pearl”

• Majestic Pearl failed to renew its registrations for the marks but continued to use the

® symbol.

Majestic Pearl 公司未延续注册其商标,但仍继续使用®标志。

Beware of Non-Registered Trademarks 注意非注册商标

Page 14: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Case Study - Perfect Pearl v. Majestic Pearl

案例学习- Perfect Pearl v. Majestic Pearl

• Perfect Pearl had been using its unregistered trademark in the U.S. since 1965. Perfect Pearl

sued Majestic Pearl for trademark infringement.

Perfect Pearl自1965年以来一直在使用该商标,他们没有注册。Perfect Pearl 起诉Majestic Pearl

侵犯其商标

• Based on Perfect Pearl’s prior use, Majestic Pearl was held liable for infringement and was

enjoined from using the marks for its pearl jewelry. Because Majestic Pearl continued to use the

® symbol after the registration lapsed, the court also found Majestic Pearl liable for false

advertising.

基于Perfect Pearl .的 先使用, 美国法院认定,Majestic Pearl公司承担侵权责任,并责成禁止使用该商标。因为Majestic公司未延续注册其商标,但仍继续使用®标志,负有虚假广告责任。

Beware of Non-Registered Trademarks 注意非注册商标

Page 15: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Lessons Learned:吸取经验:

• Search and clear both registered and non-registered trademarks in the U.S. and

other common law countries.

检索和排查在美国以及其他普通法国家注册的和未注册的商标。

• Maintain your registrations - Affidavit of Use must be filed:

保持商标注册状态-必须提交《使用宣誓书》的时间:

– between the fifth and sixth year following registration

注册后的第5和第6年之间

– within the year before the end of every 10-year period after the date of

registration

注册日期后每个10年末之前的1年内

Beware of Non-Registered Trademarks 注意非注册商标

Page 16: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Lessons Learned (Continued) 吸取经验(继续):

• The federal registration symbol may be used once the mark

is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

(“USPTO”). Even if an application is pending, the ® symbol

may not be used before the mark has become registered.

Misuse can be fraud. 旦商标在美国专利商标局注册,联邦注册标识就可以使用。

在商标未完成注册前,不能使用®标识,

即便是在申请等待期间,滥用标识将导致欺诈行为。

– Marks registered in jurisdictions that recognize

the ®, including China, may use the symbol in the U.S.

在认可®标识的主权国家(包括中国)注册的商标,

可以在美国使用该标识。

– “TM” is notice that the user claims common law trademark rights.

“TM” 标识是告知商标拥有者申请了普通法系国家商标权。

Use the ® Symbol Only if Authorized

只有在许可的情况下才可以使用®标志

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Case Study - China Intl Travel Service (New CITS) v. China International Travel Service (CITS)

案例学习-中国国旅(新)-中国国旅

Register Your Trademark Early

尽早注册您的商标

• CITS failed to register its trademark in the U.S.

中国国旅未在美国注册其商标

• As a result, a former CITS employee registered and used

the CITS brand in the U.S. for China travel services.

因此,国旅的一名前雇员在美国注册和使用该品牌进行中国旅游服务

• The former employee sued CITS for trademark

infringement. Based on prior use, CITS was able to

cancel of the former employee’s registration, but only

after expensive litigation.

该前雇员起诉中国国旅侵犯其注册商标。基于先前使用原则,中国国旅在经过昂贵的诉讼之后,撤销了该前雇员的注册。

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Register Your Trademark Early

尽早注册您的商标

Lessons Learned: 吸取经验:

• Register your foreign trademark early.

尽早注册你的国外商标

• More Chinese business trademarks are being

preemptively registered overseas. It is important to

register your trademarks early. If you export product

to the U.S., also register your federal trademark with

U.S. Customs.

很多中国企业的商标被人捷足先登在海外注册了,因此尽早在国外注册你的商标非常重要。如果要出口你的产品到美国,还应当向美国海关注册美国联邦商标。

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

– Applicant must prove foreign registration 申请者必须证明在外国已经注册

– Applicant must have a bona fide intention to use the mark in interstate commerce 申请者必须在跨国贸易中善意使用该商标

– After registration, the mark must comply with U.S. trademark laws (must file affidavit of use, renewal, etc.) 注册后,必须遵守美国商标法(必须提交使用宣誓书及续展申请等。)

Register Your Trademark Early

尽早注册您的商标

Lessons Learned (Continued): 吸取经验(继续):

• Consider registering your mark prior to use in commerce (two methods): 考虑在进行商务活动中使用之前注册您的商标 (两种方法):

1. U.S. Application Based on Chinese Registration: If the U.S. application is based on a Chinese registration, the applicant does not have to show use in commerce to obtain a registration. 中国注册商标后在美国申请注册:如果在中国注册商标后在美国申请注册, 申请者不需要提供在商务活动中使用过该商标的证明。

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

2. Intent-to-Use Trademark Application

商标使用意图申请

– Requires good faith intent to use the mark in interstate commerce

需要证明在跨州贸易中善意使用该商标

– Must prove actual use within six months of allowance

(plus up to five six-month extensions with cause)

必须证明注册许可后6个月内的实际使用情况

(加上五个为期6个月的续展及续展原因说明)

– Once registration certificate issues, the priority (first use) date is the date of

the application

一旦颁发了商标注册证书,那么优先(第一次使用)

日期就是申请日期

Register Your Trademark Early

尽早注册您的商标

Page 21: Successful Trademark Strategies and Lessons Learned for Chinese Companies Protecting Their Brands Overseas: Insights from Recent U.S. Cases

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Monitor and Police Your Trademark Rights

监督和防卫您的商标权利

• Beijing Tong Ren Tang waited three years to enforce its

U.S. registered trademark rights against a former U.S. joint

venturer (TRT USA) who was selling products using the

Tong Ren Tang mark without consent.

同仁堂(TRT)在等了三年之后,才对美国前合营方在未经同意下,销售使用TRT商标的产品行使商标专用权。

• The U.S. court allowed TRT USA to continue using Tong

Ren Tang in its name because Tong Ren Tang had waited

too long to enforce its rights.

美国法庭认为,同仁堂等得太久才起诉,因此,允许美国公司继续在其名称中使用“TRT”。

Case Study - Beijing Tong Ren Tang v. TRT USA Corp.

案例学习-北京同仁堂 对 美国TRT公司

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Monitor and Police Your Trademark Rights

监督和防卫您的商标权利

Case Study - Beijing Tong Ren Tang v. TRT USA Corp.

案例学习-北京同仁堂 对 美国TRT公司

Lessons Learned:吸取经验

• Do not license or permit use of your U.S. trademark

without quality control (“Naked License”)

不要在没有质量控制的情况下许可或允许使用 (“裸许可”)

• Vigorously police and prosecute infringement of your

U.S. trademark

积极地对侵犯您美国商标权利的行为进行防卫和追究.

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Enforcement in the U.S. (Different from China)

美国的执法(不同于中国)

Enforce Your Trademark Rights

保护您的商标权利

• Limited administrative enforcement

有限的行政措施

– No agency with authority

comparable to the AIC

没有与中国工商管理局有对应权力的国家行政机关

– Customs only prevents the

importation of infringing products

海关只能限制侵权商品的进口

• Court proceedings

法庭诉讼

– Federal and state courts

联邦和州法院

– Damages awards are generally

larger than in China

经济赔偿判决的金额通常比中国高

– Preliminary injunctions are

granted less frequently

很少采用初步禁令

– Litigation may take years to

conclude

诉讼程序可长达几年

– Extensive discovery

广泛的调查

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Enforce Your Trademark Rights

保护您的商标权利

Case Study - Koon Chun Hing Kee Soy & Sauce Factory v. Star Mark Management

案例学习-冠珍酱园 v. Star Mark Management

• Koon Chun Hing Kee Soy & Sauce Factory properly

registered its “Koon Chun Sauce Factory” mark in the U.S. in

1986.

冠珍酱园正确地在1986年在美国注册了其商标

• Star began importing counterfeit Koon Chun hoisin sauce

from China and selling it under the “Koon Chun Sauce

Factory” mark in 2002.

在2002年,一个总部位于纽约的亚洲食品产品分销商开始从中国购买假冒冠珍酱园的海鲜酱并在美国以“冠珍酱园”商标进行销售。

• Koon Chun sued Star in a U.S. court, which ordered Star to

pay triple its profits in damages to Koon Chun.

冠珍酱园在美国法院起诉Star公司,并要求其支付3倍所获利润作为赔偿。

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Enforce Your Trademark Rights

保护您的商标权利

Case Study - Koon Chun Hing Kee Soy & Sauce Factory v. Star Mark Management

案例学习-冠珍酱园 v.Star Mark Management

Lesson Learned:吸取经验:

• Carefully preparing and implementing a complete trademark strategy will help secure

and protect the value of your brands in the U.S.

认真准备和执行一套完善的商标战略能够帮助在美国保证和保护您的品牌价值

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Summary of Lessons Learned

总结所获得的经验

• Carefully select an English/foreign language version of your trademark

为你的商标精心选择一个英文/外文版本

• Search registered and non-registered uses of the mark before adopting it

在决定采用之前搜索该商标是否被注册,或是未注册地使用

• Promptly register your trademark

尽快注册你的商标

• Use competent trademark counsel

选择优秀的商标法法律顾问

• Maintain your trademark rights by properly using, monitoring and

vigorously enforcing your trademarks – to prevent is better than to cure

通过正确使用、检查和强制保护措施来维护你的商标权-预防胜于治疗

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Shenzhen, China | 深圳, 中国

May 30-31, 2013 | 2013年5月30日至31日

Michael E. Mangelson 孟望诚

技术和知识产权组高级合伙人

法学博士

美国杨百翰法学院教授

STOEL RIVES LLP | 201 S. Main St., Suite 1100 | Salt Lake City,

UT 84111-4904 USA

美国富励律师事务所 | 美国犹他州盐湖城南大街201号1100室,84111-4904

直线电话: (801) 578-6903 | 传真: (801) 578-6999

[email protected]

孟律师现任富励事务所大中华业务团队主席,他被最佳律师(Best

Lawyers)评选为盐湖城2012年商标法年度律师,因其卓越的知识产权法律业务被列为美国最佳律师(Best Lawyers in America)及美国顶尖商业律师 (Chambers USA-America’s Leading Lawyers for Business)

Questions? 问题?

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