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SURVEY II

UNIT I

1. What are the three types of telescope used in stadia surveying?

2. What are the advantages of an anallactic lens used in tacheometer?

3. List merits and demerits of movable hair method in tacheometric survey.

4. Compare tangential and stadia methods.

5. What is the difference between a theodolite and tacheometer?

6. What is tangential tacheometry?

7. What are the different systems of tacheometric survey?

8. What is a Base net?

UNIT II

1. What is meant by third order or tertiary triangulation?

2. Explain the terms true error and most probable error.

3. Name two groups of people involved in the measuring the base line .

4. What is a satellite station?

5. What is meant by phase of a signal?

6. Enlist the types of signals used in triangulation.

7. What are the corrections to be applied for terrestrial refraction in geodetic surveying?

8. Give the classification of triangulation system.

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UNIT III

1. How are normal equations formed in theory of errors?

2. Explain the term constellations of the zodiac.

3. List three types of errors occur in measurement.

4. What are the conditions to be satisfied when correcting the measured angles?

5. Differentiate between conditioned quantity and conditional equation.

6. Define weight of an observation.

7. What are the corrections to be applied to the observed altitude of sun?

8. What are the advantages of total station as compared to a theodolite?

UNIT IV

1. What are the types of night signals to be used in triangulation survey?

2. Give the relationship for conversion of sidereal time to mean time.

3. Describe nautical almanac.

4. What is the relation between the Right ascension and Hour Angle?

5. Distinguish between sidereal time and standard time.

6. What is meant by declination?

7. What is the weight of an observation?

8. What is meant by satellite station?

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UNIT V

1. What is meant by three point problem in hydrographic surveying?

2. Explain the term Cartography.

3. What are lunar and solar ides?

4. List two characters of contour lines.

5. State the principle of EDM.

6. Define tilt displacement

7. Name the different equipments needed for soundings.

8. List the equipments used for measurement of base line.

SIXTEEN MARK QUESTIONS

UNIT I

1. Write a detailed notes on projection, map generalization map symbology and map

design, while generating a map. (16)

2. (i) Explain how you would determine the constants of a tacheometer. (4)

(ii) A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained

on a vertically held staff.

Station

A

Staff station

B.M.

Vertical angle

-2 18

Hair reading

3.225,

3.550

And 3.875

Remarks

R.L. of B.M. is 437.655 m

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B +8 36

1.650

2.515

And 3.380

Calculate the horizontal distance from A to B and the R.L. of B, if the constants of the

instrument were 100 and 0.4. (12)

3. (i) Explain how a subtense bar is used with a theodolite to determine the horizontal

distance between two points.

(ii) A theodolite has a tacheometric multiplying constant of 100 and an additive constant

of zero. The centre reading on a vertical staff held at point B was 2.292 m when sighted

from A. If the vertical angle was +25 and the horizontal distance AB 190.326 m,

calculate the other staff readings and show that the two intercept intervals are not equal.

Using these values, calculate the level of B if A is 37.950 m angle of depression and the

height of the instrument is 1.35 m. (10)

4. (i) Explain the different between tangential and stadia tacheometry. (8)

(ii) How will you determine the stadia constants? (8)

UNIT II

1. Discuss about the principles of subtense method for vertical base observations. (16)

2. A theodolite has a tacheometric multiplying constant 100 and an additive constant of

zero. The center reading on a vertical staff held at point B was 2.292 m when sighted

from A. If the vertical angle was +25 and the horizontal distance AB 190.326 m.

Calculate the staff intercept at B. Using these values, calculate the level of B if A is

37.950 m above msl and the height of the instrument 1.35 m. (16)

3. (i) Explain the principle of subtense method n tacheometric surveying. (4)

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(ii) A line was leveled tacheometrically with a tacheometer fitted with an anallactic lens,

the value of the constant being 100. The following observations were made, the staff

having been held vertically :

Inst.

Station

Ht. of axis

(m)

Staff

at

Vertical

angle

Staff

readingsRemarks

A 1.38 B.M.-1 54 1.02, 1.720, 2.420 R.L.

B 1.38 B +2 361.220, 1.825, 2.430638.55 m

C 1.40 C +3 6 0.785, 1.610, 2.435 -

Compute the elevation of A, B and C.

4. The altitude of two proposed stations A and B, 100 km apart, are respectively 420 m

and 700 m. The intervening obstruction situated at C, 70 km from A as an elevation of478 m. Ascertain if a and B are intervisible, and if necessary find by how much B should

be raised so that the line of sight must nowhere be less than 3 m above the surface of the

ground. (16)

5. (i) Explain with reference to signals, Non-luminous, luminous and night signals, and

phase of signals. (8)

(ii) A tape 20 m long of standard length at 29C was used to measure a line, the mean

temperature during measurement being 19 C. The measured distance was 882.10

meters, the following being the slopes : 2 20 for 100m ; 4 12 for 150 m; 1 6 for 50m;

7 48 for 200 m; 3 00 for 300 m;5 10 for 82.10 m; Find the true length of the line

if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x 10-6 per degree F. (8)

6. (i) What are the different methods by which the difference in elevation could be

determined? Name the corrections to be applied. (8)

(ii) Write short notes on :

(1) Selection of site for Base line (4)

(2) Satellite station. (4)

UNIT III

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1. The angles of the triangle ABC were recorded as A = 77 14 20 weight 4; (16)

B = 49 40 35 weight 3: C = 53 04 52 weight 2; Give the corrected values of the

angles.

2. (i) Explain the general principles of least squares. (8)

(ii) What are the laws of random errors? (8)

3. (i) explain an eccentric station (satellite station) may be selected in triangulation

survey. (4)

(ii) From a satellite station S, 5.8 m from the main triangulation station a, the following

directions were observed.

A 0 0 0

B 132 18 30

C 233 24 6

D 296 6 11

The length AB, AC and AD were computed to be 3265.5 m, 4022.2 m and 3086.4 m

respectively.

Determine the directions of AB, AC and AD.

4. (i) How will you obtain error from direct observations of unequal weights on a single

quantity? (6)

5. (i) Explain the different Laws of weights as applicable to the theory of errors. (8)

(ii) The angles of a triangle ABC were recorded as follows:

A = 77 14 20 weight 4

B =

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UNIT IV

1. Calculate the suns azimuth and hour angle at sunset at a place in (16)

latitude 42 30 N, when is declinations is

(i) 22 12 N and

(ii) 22 12 S

2. Enumerate and explain the relationships between the coordinates of celestial sphere.

(16)

3. (i) Explain the method of prediction of tide at a place using non-harmonic constants.

(10)

(ii) Explain the procedure to use fathometer in ocean sounding. (6)

4. (i) Explain the method of plotting of plain metric maps by radial method. (12)

(ii) What are the applications of photogrammetry? (4)

UNIT V

1. From the satellite station S 5.8 m from the main triangulation station A the following

directions were observed: (16)

A 00 0 0

B 132 18 30

C 232 24 6

D 296 6 11

The length AB, AC and AD were 3265.5 m, and 4022.2 m and 3086.2 m respectively.

Determine the directions of AB, AC and AD.

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(ii) Find the most probable value of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC, from the

following observation equations: (10)

A = 68 12 36

B = 53 46 12

C = 58 01 16

2. (i) What are the conditions necessary in deciding the extension of Base (Base net)? (4)

(ii) The following angles were measured at a station O so as to close the horizon:

Angle AOB = 83 42 28.75 weight 3 (12)

BOC = 102 15 43.26 weight 2

COD = 94 38 27.2 weight 4

DOA = 79 23 23.77 weight 2.

Adjust the angles by method of correlates.

3. Calculate the azimuth of the sun and hour angle at sunset at a place in latitude 55 N,

when its declination is : (16)

(i) 20 N

(ii) 30 N

(iii) 15 S and

(iv) 20 S

4. A zenith pair observation of a star crossing the meridian was made to determine thelatitude of a place. Refraction correction = - R cot . (16)

Star Declinatin Altitude

X1 15 15 17 N 62 15 20 S

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X2 70 43 13 N 62 17 30 N

Find R and the latitude of the place.

5. (i) Derive the parallax equation for the ground coordinates of a point. (10)

(ii) A pair of photographs was taken with an aerial camera from an altitude of 500 m

above msl. The mean principle base measured is equal to 90 mm? The difference in

parallax between two points is 1.48 mm. Find the difference in height between two

points if the elevation of the lower point is 500 m above the datum. What will be the

difference in elevation if the parallax difference is 15.5 mm? (6)

6. (i) Explain three point problem and strength fix in hydrographic surveying. (8)

(ii) Explain cadastral surveying and its legal values. (8)

7. (i) Explain the method of prediction of tide at a place using non-harmonic constants.

(10)

(ii) Explain the procedure to use fathometer in ocean sounding. (6)

8. (i) Explain the method of plotting of plain metric maps by radial method. (12)

(ii) What are the applications of photogrammetry? (4)

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B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION,

Fourth Semester

Civil Engineering

CE 239 SURVEYING II

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marksAnswer ALL the questions.

PART A (10 ? 2 = 20 marks)

1. Define Tacheometric survey?

2. What do you mean by Anallactic lense?

3. Write short note on classification of triangulation system.

4. Write briefly about Trigonometrical leveling?

5. Distinguish between true value and most probable value of a quantity.

6. Write short note on figure adjustment in Triangulation.

7. What are the properties of spherical triangle?

8. Name the different instrumental corrections to be applied when observing

the altitude of a celestial body.

9. Explain the use of sextants.

10. Write short note on legal values of cadastral.

PART B (5 ? 16 = 80 marks)

11. (i) How do you calculate the horizontal and vertical distances between a

instrument station and a staff station when the line of collimation is inclined

to the horizontal and the staff is held vertically? (6)

(ii) The following notes refer to a line leveled tacheometrically with an

anallactic tacheometer, the multiplying constant being 100 : (10)

Inst. Station Height

of axis Staff Station Vertical Angle Hair

Readings Remarks

P 1.50 B.M. 12'

0.963, 1.515, 2.067 R.L. of B.M.

= 460.650

Staff being held vertically.

P 1.50 Q 5'

0.819, 1.341, 1.863

Q 1.60 R 27'

1.860, 2.445, 3.030

Compute the reduced levels of P, Q and R.

12. (a) (i) Derive the formula used for reducing the angles measured at

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satellite stations which is located at west of true station. (8)

(ii) From an eccentric station E, 24.24 m from C, the following angles were

measured to three triangulation stations A, B and C, the stations B and E

being on opposite sides of AC :

32'40'' 24'30''The approximate lengths of AC and BC were 4705.5 m and

5695.8 m respectively. Find the angle ACB. (8)

Or

(b) (i) How do you calculate the curvature and refraction corrections in

Trigonometrical leveling? (8)

(ii) Two stations A and B are 3791.712 m apart. The following observations

were recorded : (8)

Height of instrument at A = 1.463 m

Height of signal at A = 5.09 m

Height of instrument at B = 1.494 m

Height of signal at B = 4.511 m

Vertical angle from A to B = 54'30''

Vertical angle from B to A = 50'25''

Reduced level of A = 1275.60 m

Find the reduced level of B.

13. (a) (i) Explain the different methods of estimating the most probable

values of quantity. (8)

(ii) Find the most probable values of the angles A, B, and C from the

following observations at a station P. (8)

22'25''.6 weight 1 6'45''.4 weight 1

20'7''.7 weight 1 44'29''.1 weight 2

42'32''.5 weight 2

Or

(b) (i) Write the various rules that are adopted for corrections to the

observed angle of triangle in Figure adjustment. (8)

(ii) In running a closed line of levels, the following results were obtained :

B.M. Difference of level in m. Distance in Km. Remarks

A to B +5.372 9 Elevation of

A = 825.654

B to C 6.465 12

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C to D +7.216 18

D to E +4.138 15

E to A 1.727 6

Calculate the most probable elevations of the bench marks. (8)

14. (a) (i) Write short note on :(1) Celestial sphere and

(2) Circumpolar stars with neat sketches. (6)

(ii) Calculate the suns azimuth and hour angle at sunset at a place in

latitude N. When its declination is (1) N and (2) S. (10)

Or

(b) (i) What are the different observational corrections to be applied to the

observed altitude of celestial body? (6)

(ii) An observation was made on a star lying west of the meridian at a place

in latitude 20'36'' N to determine the azimuth of the survey line AB. The

mean observed altitude was 10'24'' and the clockwise horizontal angle from

AB to the star was 18'48''. The declination of the star was 54'35'' N. Find the

azimuth of the survey line AB. (10)

15. (a) (i) What is meant by EDM? Explain the use and principle of EDM. (6)

(ii) How will you locate the position of boat in the hydrographic survey?

Explain the procedure. (10)

Or

(b) (i) Explain the use of photogrammetry in large scale mapping. (8)

(ii) Define cartography and explain the concept of map making. (8)