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SURVIVAL RHEUMATOLOGY in KKU by P noo+

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Page 1: Survival Rheu5 in Kku

SURVIVAL RHEUMATOLOGY

in KKU

by P noo+

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Standing follow-up form

of kku

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Reference organization EULAR : european laegue against

rheumatism ACR : american college of rheumatology NIH : national institute of heath ของรัฐบาล

อเมริกาดังนั้นข้อมูลจะไม่ถูกbias โดยบริษัทยา

APLAR : asia- pacific laegue against rheumatism Primer on the rheumatic disease Kelly’s textbook of rheumatology

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Reference organization EULAR : european laegue against

rheumatism ACR : american college of rheumatology NIH : national institute of heath ของรัฐบาล

อเมริกาดังนั้นข้อมูลจะไม่ถูกbias โดยบริษัทยา

APLAR : asia- pacific laegue against rheumatism Primer on the rheumatic disease Kelly’s textbook of rheumatology

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SLE c LN LUPUS NEPHRITIS :1+ถึง4+ Class/ parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 mi me me pro focal prolifer membra sclero u.Alb 4+ 2+ 2+ 4+ u.Cell 1+ 4+ 4+ 1+ Cr N N Inc Inc HT N N Inc Inc s.Alb N N Low Low Rx steriod (ivcy+steroid) steroid

+/- ivcy

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1

2 3

4

5

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In another clinical trial, 65 patients with severe lupus nephritis (WHO classes III, IV and V) were randomly assigned to

1.  monthly pulses of methylprednisolone (MP) for 6 months, 2.  monthly pulses of CY for 6 months, 3.  monthly pulses of CY for 6 months followed by quarterly pulses of CY for 2

years. At entry, all 3 groups had similar demographics, duration of renal disease, and baseline biochemical values

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the probability of doubling the serum creatinine was significantly associated with the histologic presence of cellular crescents and moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis (P < .001).

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Standard treament -2 phase for LN3-4

Induction phase (for remission ) maintainace phase( for prevent relapse) 1.NIH regimen Induction : Monthly ICVY 500-1000 mg*BSA *6

cycle (maybe extended if not remission) Maitianance : ivcy every three moths => total

course 2 yrs

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2.EURO LUPUS trial Induction : IVCY Every 2 wks 500

mg*BSA *6 cycle maintainance :AZATHIOPRINE (immuran) => UNTIL TOTAL COURSE 2 yrs 3.ALTERNATIVE Induction : MMF Mainatainance : MMF,AZA

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WHEN PULSE ENDOXAN+ PULSE

METHYLPRED. 1.  RPGN 2.  Acute renal failure 3.  anasacar SIDE EFFECT : ht emergency : renal failure rising BUN ( monitor for indication dialysis) : hypokalemia => ไม่ควรให้ยานอกเวลา

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When call LN “remission”

l  24 hrs urine protein less than 500-1000 mg

l  No active urine sediment l  Stable serum creatinine l  Normal complement

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Indication for kidney biopsy

1. Unknown definite diagnosis 2. Renal failure (for r/o other cause eg. atn,

ain) 3. Not response to tx 4. Acute vs chronic pathology

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NPSLE 19 entities: CNS l  Aseptic meningitis l  Cerebrovascular disease l  Demyelinating syndrome l  Headache (including migraine

and benign l  intracranial hypertension) l  Movement disorder (chorea) l  Myelopathy l  Seizure disorders l  Acute confusional state l  Anxiety disorder l  Cognitive dysfunction l  Mood disorder l  Psychosis

PNS • Transverse myelitis • GBS-like • Multiple sclerosis-like • Mono/polyneuropathy

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บ่อยคร้ังที่แยกโรคยากระหว่าง 1.NPSLE 2.CNS infection 3.Steroid induce psychosis 4.Primar psychosis เนื่องจากอาการแสดงเหมือนกันและNPSLEไม่มlีab

หรือinvestigation ใดที่มาสามารถบอก definite diagnosis สรุปคือ เป็นโรคที่ได้จาก rule out โรคอื่น ดังนั้นการ approach อาจแบ่งเป็น3กลุ่ม

1. จากตัวdisease active เอง 2. Complication from treament eg. Infection, steroid 3. เป็นโรคอื่นที่approachเหมือนผู้ป่วยทั่วไป

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SLE and GI vasculitis Clinical depend on vessel size

Medium : bowel angina Ix : angiogram Small : inflammatory diarrhea (stool exam : wbc+),

hematochezia Ix :1. full-thickness bowel biopsy

2. CT ang-> target sign (inflamm from mucosa to serosa)

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HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES

WHEN TO TX ?? duration response

1.LOW WBC :NO TX

2.PLT: <50K oral pred <20k =>pulse methyl

within3-5day

3.AIHA :

decrease from baseline

within 1-2 wk

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SLE AND PREGNANCY * SHOULD NOT PREGNANCY IN CASE OF

ACTIVE DISEASE CARDIO-PULMO-RENAL INSUFF HT

* SAFE FOR PREG : DZ. REMISSION ABOUT 6 MO.

W/WO ANTIMALARIAL (CAN CONTINUE ALONG PREGNANCY)

* Increase dz. Activity from inc. of estrogen, Prolactin, Th2 DURING PREGNANCY UNTIL 6 WKS POST PARTUM

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Lab before pregnancy planning 1.Neonatal lupus: anti RO (LESS -LA) -> FETAL ECHO at GA 16-24 WK. 2.ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ( increase risk fetal loss & post partum DVT ) l  LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT l  ANTICARDIOLIPIN IgG,IgM >40 l  B2 GP 1

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investigation

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AUTO antobidy: 5 basic pattern

Rim/peripheral

: Specific for SLE

DNA,DNP

homogeneous

:,histone

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Nucleolar type

:SCL-70 ->dcSSc

Centromere :LcSSc

Speckle -anti ENA

:u1rnp,sm, ro,la

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CYTOPLASMIC pattern

Jo1 –anti synthetase syndrome

SRP- poor prognotic

,relate c cardiac involvement

MI2- Jdm,V-shawl sign

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Significant titer 1:160 ANA – ve SLE เกิดได้จาก 1.Severe hypoalbuminemia : loss Ig 2.Prozone phenomenon 3.True –ve ANA Confirm ด้วย anti-Ro ab ดังนั้นlab auto Ab ให้ส่ง ANA, dsDNA, ENA , APS

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CONFUSING AUTOantibody

Anti Ro /la : sjogren , ana-ve sle, neonatal lupus Anti jo1 : myositis Sle –neuro : anti ribosomal P anti neuronal Ab Sle-renal : antidsDNA (TITIER can use for f/u

dz. activity) Sle specific : anti Sm(smith) Sle-raynaud : anti u1rnp

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Fluid analysis Pleural,pericardial,ascites กรณีแยกไม่ได้ว่าเกิดจาก active dz. หรือไม่ l ANA titer เทียบกับในเลือด l LE cell SAAG from ascites l >1.1 Portal cause : work up ivc/portal

thrombosis l <1.1 non portal cause : active dz. ->

serositis

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C3,C4 แปลผล -> ต่ําช่วย ไม่ต่ําไม ่r/o -> relate เฉพาะกับ organ ที่เกิดจากลไกฃอง immune complex เท่านั้นเช่น renal แต่กับskin active ไม ่relate

ดังนั้นไม่สามารถใช้เป็น unique definite cut pointว่าณ ขณะนั้นมี active dz. หรือไม่

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DRUG

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OVERVIEW DRUG USE IN SLE

l TYPE AND DOSE :Depend on organ and severity with least toxicity

l Essential basic drug that must use if

no contraindicate is CHLOROQUINE

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CQ as immunomodurators

l Anti inflammation l Anti platelet l Anti apoptosis l Anti lipid l Longer life span

Taper off q 3 mo,because long half-life 1 OD -> 1 EOD(4TAB/WK) -> 1tab อ,พฤ->

1tab/wk(4tab/mo) ->1 tab d1,16(2 tab/mo)

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Fever, arthalgia, skin : chloroquine Fever, arthalgia Pleural effusion : NSAIDs Pericarditis, AIHA : PRED 1MKD When to use pulse methyl ? - transverse myelitis - Aggressive psychosis, suicidal attempt -  lupus pancreatitis -  Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage -  LN C RPGN

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Drug side effect : advice pts Cylcophosphamide

l  คลื่นไส ้อาเจียน ผมร่วง โดยเราจะให้ยาป้องกันเป็นยาฉีดก่อนให้

ยาเคมีบําบัด (onsia 8 mg iv) l  ปัสสาวะเป็นเลือด หากผู้ป่วยไม่มีoliguric renal failure ให้ดื่ม

น้ํา มากขึ้นอาการจะดีขึ้นเอง l  สตรีวัยเจริญพันธ์ ห้ามตั้งครรภ์เนื่องจากมีหลักฐานชัดเจนว่ายา

ทําให้ เกิดความพิการแก่ทารกในระยะยาวการได้ยานี้อาจส่งผลให้มีบุตร

ยาก (related totla dose > 18 gms)

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l  10-20 ปีข้างหน้ามีโอกาสเกิดมะเร็งกระเพาะปัสสาวะ

(related total dose > 25 gms) และมะเร็งต่อมน้ํเหลืองเพิ่มมากว่าคนปกติ

l  Infection เนื่องจากยาทําให้เม็ดเลือดขาวทํางานลดลง ดังนั้นห้ามกินของดิบ ไม่ให้อยู่ใกล้ชิดหรือไปดูแลคนป่วยทุกโรคโดยเฉพาะวัณโรค

l  เนื่องจากยาสามารถกดไขกระดูกทําให้เม็ดเลือดทุกชนิด(เม็ดเลือดแดง,ขาว,เกร็ดเลือด) ต่ําได้แพทย์จะเจาะเลือดเพื่อประเมินความพร้อมของผู้ป่วยก่อนการให้ยาทุกครั้ง

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l  รูปแบบของยาม ี2ขนาด : 200 และ 500mg

l ขนาดของยาที่ให้ 500-1000 mg*BSA

l หากไตวายให้ลดขนาดยาลง 25% l Adminitrations : infusion in 5dw 100 ml for 1 hr.

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Azathioprine 1. Bone marrow suppression ที่ควรรู้คือ metabolite ของยาอาศัย TPMT

enzyme ซึ่งพบว่าม ีhomo & heterozygous mutation ทําให้เหลือ active metabolite ไปกดbone

marrow มักเกิด leukopenia เด่น

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จึงให้นัดติดตามผล CBC ที่ 2สัปดาห์หลังเริ่มยาหรือ

เปลี่ยนแปลงขนาดยา และเริ่มยาที่ขนาด 1*1 ก่อนหลังจาก

follow up CBCปกติแล้ว ให้เพิ่มขนาดเป็น 1*2

(keep wbc > 3500) 2. Hepatitis 3. pancreatitis

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How to taper off steroid 4*3 1 2 Q 2 WKS 5*2 1 0 %change 16 4*2 8 20 3*2 6 25 5*1 5 33 MONTHLY 4*1 4 20 3*1 3 25 2*1 2 33 2-3 MO 1*1 1 50 3-6 MO

(not for DM/PM)

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PROPHYLAXIS steroid induce osteoporosis

(GIOP) WHEN NEED ?

IF planning PREDNISOLONE >5mg/d more than 3MO

Treat by ?

ca, vit d

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l Calcium carbonate normal requirement about 1g

ยา 1 g – absorpได4้00 mg SO dose :1 tab bid

l Vitamin D (normal liver and renal ให้ MTV if insufficiency ให้ 1αvit D ) MTV 1tab มี vitD 400IU, Normal

requirement about 800IU SO dose ;1 tab bid

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INDICATION FOR BISPHOSPHANATE :

1.  T-SCORE any site <-2.5 2.  Previous hx of fx any site

f/u BMD Q 2YR after tx for evaluate response Don’ t forget to stop if duration 5 yr : frizzle bone No role only of ibandronate (no data in GIOP) -use 1.alendronate(fosamax) 2.risedonate

(actonel)

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Rheumatiod arthritis Preliminary criteria for dx early RA

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Rheumatiod arthritis

Joint Mod-large*1

*2-10

Small *1-3

*4-10 Total >10,at least is

1-small

0

1

2

3

5

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Sero RF / CCP –VE

At least 1 +ve low titer

high titer

0

2 3

ESR+CRP :normal ESR/CRP :increase

0 1

Duration

<6wk

>6wk

0

1

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Serologic factor

%sensitivity %specificity

RF 41 98 CCP 62 84 COMBINE 33 99.6

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Is it RA-like ?

Is it establish RA ?

OR

ก่อนจะให้การวินิจฉัย RA ควร r/o RA-LIKE ก่อนเสมอ

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DDX RA-like

l 1.crystal induce l 2.spa : re A, psor A- ra type, undif spa l 3.CNTD : SLE, Ssc, DM/PM, MCTD l 4.viral infection : hep B,C , HIV l 5.paraneoplastic polyA

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RA: Extra-articular Disease

l Pulmonary alveolitis/fibrosis l Scleritis/Keratitis l Sjogren’s Syndrome – treat

symptomatically l Peripheral Neuropathy l Vasculitis (rheumatoid nodules, skin

infarcts, leg ulcers)

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Rational treatment : COBRA TRIAL

0510152025303540

sequent step-up combine biologic

pred Mtx+biologic mtx mtx ssz ssz lef lef

Mtx+ssz+csa

Radilogic erosion

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DAS 28 l The number of swollen

joints l  The number of tender

joints l The ESR/CRP l The patients general health

(GH) or global disease activity measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 100 mm (both are useable for this purpose

Low dz. Activity =3.2

Remission =2.6

Good response :delta DAS >1.2

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Pre operative evaluation :

l  Routine investigation l  Special caution 1.  NSIADs : off 7 days before sx (even short or long acting)

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2. Steroid l  หยุดยามากกว่า 1ปี :not effect to adrenal gland

-> no mx l  หยุดยาน้อยกว่า 1ปี ให้เฉพาะhydrocortisone only

intra-operative, not continue after sx

l  ยังได้ยาอยู่ตลอด hydrocortisone when NPO doseขึ้นกับ severity of stress Major operation -> 300mg Minor operation -> 200 mg

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3. DMARDs : off 1 day before sx Restart after total stitch off 4. anti-TNF α : off 1 wk before surgery because significant increase

risk of infection

Restart after total stitch off

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l  Anterior atlanto-axial subluxation l  Lateral-flexion interval >5mm ,if>7 mm -> sx

ขอบหน้าของ dens ไปหาขอบหลังของ c1

ท่านี้จะไม่มีระยะห่างเหมือนกับท่า flexion

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Is it dz of head or hip??

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Common DMARDs use

CQ : for non erosive MTX : first line start 3-4tab/wk if >6 tab switch to sc. Injection ,start

12.5 mg (1 amp has 2 ml, 1ml 25 mg) SSZ : titrate 1*1 * 1wk then 1*2 *1 wk then 1*3 * 1wk for avoid s/e

nausea,vomitting LEF (ARAVA) : 1*1 EOD or OD (NOT loading

dose in THAI)

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ALL DMARDs can cause hepatitis : Not forget to R/O 1. VIRAL 2. NSAIDs (sim=

sulindac,indomethacin,mefenamic have entrohepatic circulation) 3. herb If not more than 3* -> observe If more than 3* -> off medication

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Biologic tx in RA (in THAI)

Anti TNF

:next page Anti CD -20

:rituximab

IL-6 mAb

:tocilizumab

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Anti-TNF alpha : 1.Inflizimab -> monoclonal Ab 2.etanercept ->TNF receptor fusion protein r/o latent TB C/I : heart failure, demyelination

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SPONDYLO ARTHRITIS

5 subgroup : 1.Ankylosing spondylitis 2.Psoriatic arthritis 3.Reactive arthritis 4.IBD 5.Undifferentiated spa

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BASDI >4 SCORE = ACTIVE DZ. :which is used to answer 6 questions pertaining to

the 5 major symptoms of AS:

l  Fatigue l  Spinal pain l  Joint pain / swelling l  Areas of localized tenderness (also called

enthesitis, or inflammation of tendons and ligaments)

l  Morning stiffness duration l  Morning stiffness severity

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BASDAI: INFLAMMATION BASDAI Please tick the box that indicates your answer to each question. All questions refer to last week. 1. How would you describe the overall level of fatigue/tiredness you have experienced? none very severe 2. How would you describe the overall level of AS neck, back or hip pain you have had? none very severe 3. How would you describe the overall level of pain/swelling in the joints other than neck, back or hips you have had? (ie: peripheral joints) none very severe 4. How would you describe the overall level of discomfort you have had from any areas tender to touch or pressure? none very severe 5. How would you describe the overall level of mourning stiffness you have had from the time you wake up? none very severe 6. How long does your morning stiffness last from the time you wake up? 0 hr 1 hr 2 or

more hours

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5 0

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5 0

1 2 3 4 6 7 9 10 5 0

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5 0

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5 0

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5 0

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ENTHESITIS

Osteitis condensan ilii

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1.Ankylosing spondylitis

-first line is NSAIDs -peripheral jt involvement => ssz -axial => biologic ,but in THAI poverty country : MTX

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2.Psoriatic arthritis

-first line DMARDs : MTX -severe skin lesion : must r/o HIV always because HIV run down -5 clinical subtypes 1.  RA like - symmetrical poly 2.  DIP involvement- classic pso A. 3.  Arthritis multilan (telescopic digit) 4.  Asym oligo 5.  spondyloarthropathy

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70% skin before

15% arthritis before

15% skin concomittent with arthritis

หาผื่นที ่ ไรผม สะดือ แก้มก้น

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3.Reactive arthritis

-typical rash

Circinate balanitis

Keratoderma Blenorrhagicum

First line DMARDs => SSZ

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SCLERODERMA

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OUT- patient evaluation 1. modify

rodman Skin score

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2.General symptom in SSC 3.Thyroid function test at base line 4.Yearly echo : for early detection PHT (early Rx-> longer survival) 5.Yearly cxr 6.pulmonary function test :if clinical

suspect : IDL :for early dx alveolitis, -> HRCT

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Medication Rx in scleroderma

To date :no specific treatment, except

1.Active alveolitis :endoxan oral + prednisolone

10mg /day

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2.Edematous skin (small trial) l Prednisolone l Mtx l cq 3.PHT :

CCB (even vasoreactive +/-) Dorner (beraprost) –PG inhibitor Viagra (sildelnafil) -PDE5 I Bosentan (ET1 -RA)

4.Digital gangrene : ยาPHT +/- coumadin 5.Myositis => off drug induce then steroid

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sildenafil

bosentan

prostacyclin

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Symptom base treatment drugs : l Motilium : has clinical GERD l Omeprazole : has heart burn l Asa(81),nifecard retard (20) : has

raynaud’s

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Scler renal crisis Purpose mechanism is : RP OF RENAL

VASCULAR Dx : 1.sudden anemia with unexplained cause and MAHA blood picture (most early

symptom) 2.accelerated HT(10% normotensive) 3.Cr rising Rx : even has renal failure, but can use ACE I captopril challenge, AIM baseline himself

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Auto Ab in scleroderma and clinical correlation

Limited : anti centomere Diffused : anti scl-70 GI : TH/T0 RENAL : RNA polymerase III (MCTD : U1RNP)

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Poly/dermato myositis

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Abnormal capillary nail fold

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Tape steroid : only when NORMAL CPK LEVEL

longer duration q 1 mo. When need steroid sparing :MTX, AZA

- steroid dependent - steroid resistant

Look for malignancy : ส่งconsult หา l  Breast, ovary, lung l  Nasopharynx in ASIA

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FREQUENT PITFALL :RAPID TALE OFF STEROID Normal clinical course : not remission before 2 yr.

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Poor prognostic factors :

1.  Delay diagnosis 2.  Respiratory/pharyngeal involvement 3.  Related to malignancy 4.  SRP +ve 5.  Severe myositis at presentation 6.  ILD

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Septic arthritis

Abnormal abnormal joint host

-RA -diabetes -OA -cirrhosis -GOUT -IVDU -prosthetic joint

Proper ATB depend on 2 factors

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SEPTIC ARTHRITIS BACTERIAL non-BACTERIAL GC non-GC : ATB α UNDERLYING

DZ. : G+6WK

G-4WK -DGI : CEFTRAIXONE 1GM IV OD *7 DAY (hemorrhagic pustule , tenosynovitis) -Acute mono : Rx as others septic

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Common pitfall ในกรณียังไม่ทราบ definite diagnosis ว่า arthritis นั้น

เกิดจาก cause ใด -ให้รักษาทีละอย่าง อย่า tx คู่ คือทั้ง infection/crystal และ ให้ NSAIDs เพราะ

1.ถ้าอาการดีขึ้น ไม่รู้ว่าดีจากการรักษาอะไรและต้องให้ ATB

ต่ออีกนานเท่าไร 2.จะ mask อาการหาก infection ไม่ดีขึ้น ทําให้เกิด joint

destruction

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PRELIMINARY CRITERIA FOR

EARLY DIAGNOSIS RHEUMATIC DISEASE

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AIM

Early diagnosis

=> Better outcome

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3 DISEASES

1. Rheumatiod arthritis

2. Scleroderma

3. Ankylosing spondylitis

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Rheumatiod arthritis

Joint Mod-large*1

*2-10

Small *1-3

*4-10 Total >10,at least is

1-small

0

1

2

3

5

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Sero RF / CCP –VE

At least 1 +ve low titer

high titer

0

2 3

ESR+CRP :normal ESR/CRP :increase

0 1

Duration

<6wk

>6wk

0

1

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Scleroderma

VEDOSS :

Very early diagnosis of systemic

sclerosis

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major additional

1.Raynaud’s phenomenon 1.C alcinosis

2.Anti centomere/scl-70 2.E sophageal dysfunction

3.Diagnostic nailfold capillaroscope

3.T elangiectasia

4.P uffy finger

5.D igital ulcer

6.G round glass from HRCT

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DIAGNOSIS NEED

1. 3 MAJ

2. 2/3 MAJ + at least 1 additional

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Ankylosing spondylitis

DATA SENSE SPEC Likelihood ratio

Inflammatory back pain

75 76 3.1

Heel enthesitis 37 89 3.4

asym.peripheral arthritis

40 90 4.0

dactylitis 18 96 4.5

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DATA

SENSE SPEC Likelihood ratio

Psoriasis 10 96 2.5

IBD 4 99 4.0

Family hx 32 95 6.4

Iritis/ant uveitis 22 97 7.3

Good response to NSAIDs

77 85 5.1

Raise ESR/CRP 50 80 2.5

HLA-B27 90 90 9.0

MRI- sacroiliitis 90 90 9.0

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ผลคูณ likelihhood

โอกาสเป็นโรค

20 50

80 80

>200 90

แต่ในชีวิตจริงจําค่าทั้งหมดไม่ได้ จึงมีขั้นตอนดังนี ้

Page 116: Survival Rheu5 in Kku

Inflammatory back pain with normal x-ray of Spine and

SI joint

If had clinical >3 => dx axial spa If had clinical 1-2 => send HLA B-27

if + ve => dx axial spa if - ve => consider other dx

If no clinical,but HLA B-27+ve => MRI SI jt. if + ve => dxaxial spa

if - ve => consider other dx