sustainable development of megacities: a mega-challenge for china and the world tuesday, may 8, 2012...
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Sustainable Development of Megacities:Sustainable Development of Megacities:A Mega-Challenge for China and the WorldA Mega-Challenge for China and the World
Tuesday, May 8, 2012 – ICM, International Congress Center, Munich, Room 4Tuesday, May 8, 2012 – ICM, International Congress Center, Munich, Room 4
中国城市污染土地的可持续利用:中国城市污染土地的可持续利用:问题与对策问题与对策Sustainable use of urban Sustainable use of urban contaminated land in China: contaminated land in China: Problems and CountermeasuresProblems and Countermeasures
Prof. Fasheng LiProf. Fasheng Li
Chinese Research Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Academy of Environmental
SciencesSciences
Land: important natural resource
Population Total areaForestry-cover rate
Main type of land use
1.3 billion9,600,000
km2 18.2%*Agricultural
activities
*Worldwide average forestry-cover rate reaches 31%
Comparison with the adjacent countries like Russia, Japan, Korea and the worldwide level
RussiaRussia
JapanJapan
Eu
rop
eE
uro
pe
CHINACHINA
Since 1980, the annual average economic growth in China: >9% (GDP)
Wastewater discharges
Solid waste discharges
Waste gases
emission
In the meantime, waste generations and discharges have increased rapidly.
The serious situation that Chinese Government has to be faced with is:
• Pressure of population• Lack of sufficient land resources• Further land deterioration and serious soil
contamination
2000
Rapid extension of cities -- Beijing
1984
Contaminated sites due to abandoned
factories and relocation
Landfill sites
Non-sanitary landfills were very popular throughout the Non-sanitary landfills were very popular throughout the country before 1990s, which led to serious contamination country before 1990s, which led to serious contamination
of soil and goundwater by the leachates.of soil and goundwater by the leachates.
Industrial residual sites
UST ( Underground Storage Tank ) sites
Majority of world’s electronic wastes
India
Emerging environmental problems
Contaminated sitesdue to waste
disposal
PetroleumPetrochemicalsContaminated
sites
Manufacturing(factories)
Chemicalsspill
others
Estimated share of contaminated
sites in China(According to
preliminary estimation )
Management of contaminated sites Management of contaminated sites in Western Europe-Topic report, in Western Europe-Topic report, European Environment Agency European Environment Agency ( 1999 )( 1999 )
Germany:Contaminated sitesEstimated total-240,000Identified-202,880
?
• Number of potentially contaminated sites
• Number of proven contaminated sites
Up to now, no registers and inventories have been established in China
Risk assessment and remediation of contaminated sites have become governments’ priority strategies in developed countries;
Superfund in United States “Brownfield” Program in the
United Kingdom ……………..
International experiences
Soil contamination in urban area may lead to damage of human health through many pathways.
Contaminant
receptor
Exposure pathway
risk
Concept of Soil environmental risk
Cost-effective techiques is unavailable in China. Commercialization and industrialization for
remediation of contaminated sites is undeveloped in
China.
Establishment of national inventory for urban contamiated sites
Identification of policy priorities in urban contamiated sites management and sustainable reuse
Conducting risk assessment of urban contaminated sites
Establishment of standard system for risk assessment and remediation of urban contaminated sites
Developing effective funding mechanism for site remediation and management
Promoting the commercialization and industrialization of remediation technologies
Effective international cooperationCh
allen
ges &
S
olu
tion
s
Site survey and risk assessment of contaminated sites
HCB
β-HCH
DDT
Development of site remediation criteria using RBCA for Beijing, China (mg/kg)
As Be Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Ni Zn Sn Sb CN F10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
_
指导值 荷兰 新泽西 马里兰 佛罗里达
居住用地无机物质指导值
无机污染物
6+ _
多氯联苯 α
六六六
β六六六
δ六六六
林丹
4,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
狄氏剂
艾氏剂
异狄氏剂
乐果
敌百虫
(GRO)总石油烃
(DRO)总石油烃
--
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
指导值 新泽西 马里兰 佛罗里达
/PCB
居住用地(农药
等)指导值
二氯甲烷
苯 甲苯
乙苯
氯仿
氯苯
四氯化碳
1,1-二氯乙烷
1,2-二氯乙烷
1,1,1-三氯乙烷
1,1,2-三氯乙烷
1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷
三氯乙烯
四氯乙烯
苯乙烯
二甲苯
氯乙烯
氯甲烷
1,2-(
)二氯乙烯顺
1,2-(
)二氯乙烯反
1,1-二氯乙烯
1,2-二氯丙烷
1,1,2- 三氯乙烷
1,2,3-三氯丙烷
--
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
指导值 荷兰 新西兰 马里兰 佛罗里达
(VOC
s)居住用地
指导值
1,2-
二氯苯
1,3-二氯苯
1,4-二氯苯
1,2,4-三氯苯
六氯苯
苯胺
硝基苯
苯酚
2,4-二硝基甲苯
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯
邻苯二甲酸正辛酯
萘 菲 蒽 荧蒽
芘 屈 芴[b]
苯并
荧蒽
[k]
苯并
荧蒽
[a]
苯并
芘[1
23-cd]
茚并
,,
芘(g,h,i)
苯并
芘a
苯并(
)蒽 a, h
二苯并(
)蒽
2-氯酚
2,4-二氯酚
2,4-二硝基酚
2-硝基酚
4-硝基酚
五氯酚
2,4,5-三氯酚
2,4,6-
2,4,6-
三氯苯酚
4-
对甲酚(
甲酚)
三溴甲烷
1,2-二溴乙烷
二溴氯甲烷
一溴二氯甲烷
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
指导值 荷兰 新泽西 马里兰 佛罗里达
SVOC
住宅用地(
)指导值
无机类污染物 农药与 POPs
VOCs
SVOCs
inorganics Pesticides & POPs
VOCsSVOCs
Bioremediation of petrochemicals
contaminated sites
12
34
5
Practices in Remediation of contaminated sites in China
International workshops on risk assessment and remediation of International workshops on risk assessment and remediation of urban contaminated sites in recent years in Chinaurban contaminated sites in recent years in China
German Technical Cooperation, GTZ Training course on remediation and
risk management of urban contaminated sites in China
Closing Remarks
Rapid economic growth has caused serious problem of urban contaminated sites in China.
It is sure that the increasing economic power will give excellent solutions to this problem.
Thank you for your attention! [email protected]
自然和谐 厚积薄发自然和谐 厚积薄发