t ht t t th i t t f to what extent the generic structure...

T h t t t th i t t f 1. To what extent the generic structure of scientific articles – and more particularly in th fi ld f li i ti b t d?the field of linguistics – can be captured?

2. How instructive and useful are the structure and the regularities observed to organize g gand select the core features of the genre?

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Corpus and linguistic features› A genre-homogeneous corpus› A genre-homogeneous corpus

224 articles

› A set of relevant features suited to the characteristics of scientific articles

TEI t tiTEI annotationMorphosyntactic annotation

Biber (1988), Malrieu and Rastier (2001), Habert et al (2000)Habert et al. (2000)

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

224 articles, 32 issues, 11 journals

Main publication date: 2000

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20Nb issues

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GE EL IO EL M AX LF SP IA M NX

LANGAGE

HEL

SEMIO

CIELSYNSEM

PRAX LF

RSPSCOLIAVERBUM

LINX

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Document structure› <front>, <body> and

b k

Citations› <q> et <quote>

<back>› <head>› <div>

Examples " l "› <div>

<divtype=’introduction’>, <div type=’conclusion’>

› <p ana="exemplum">› <seg ana="exemplum">

<div type= conclusion >, <div type=’annonce de plan’>

› <note>

Formatting and typography› <note> ypog ap y

<foreign>foreign

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Personal pronouns: Connectives:Personal pronouns:› Disambiguation of

anaphoric and impersonal IL

Connectives:› Opposition, causality,

consequence...p

› Annotation of the French ON

Linguistic metalanguage:› SN, SV /–ant or –wise

morphemes, etc.Numerals:› cardinal and ordinal

numbers, etc.

› Symbols: *, ?, ??, etc.

Verbs:numbers, etc.› structuring marks (e.g.

1.1.2.)› cross-references

› Modal verbs (falloir, pouvoir, devoir, etc.)

cross references

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Within their linguistic class› Proportion of verbs conjugated with the future tense compared Proportion of verbs conjugated with the future tense compared

with the total conjugated verbs in the corpus / to the total verb forms in the corpus

In relation with other features› Collocations: verbs conjugated with the future tense are › Collocations: verbs conjugated with the future tense are

correlated with the WE pronounNous verrons ultérieurement…

› Grammatical rules: passé simple / imparfait› Grammatical rules: passé simple / imparfait› Text dimensions: verbs conjugated with the future tense are

correlated with imperativesR d f i dl di iReader-friendly dimension

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Intercorrelated features forming the generic structure = core oppositions?generic structure = core oppositions?

Features that vary the least from one textto anotherto another› Variation coefficient› Elements that vary the least profile ++› Elements that vary the least – profile ++› Elements that vary the most – profile --

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

16

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16

What varies the least:

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12a a es e eas :

Length of the articleGeneral POS: nouns, adjectives, determiners…

Punctuation: dots, colons, commas and

6

8

, ,brackets

Persons: (3rd person) ON and impersonal ILTenses: présent, passé composé, infinitifs,

4

6 p p pmodaux présent, participes présent

0

2

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns: ON and ILImpersonal pronouns: ON and IL

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JE TU ON Impers. IL IL/ELLE NOUS VOUS ILS/ELLES

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Impersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)

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Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Impersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Punctuations: colons and brackets

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30 Articles

Essays

Law texts

0

10Novels

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Impersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Punctuations: colons (7% p.) and brackets (19% p.)

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25

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Articles

Essays

Law texts

0

5Novels

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Impersonal pronouns: ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP)Punctuations: colons (7% p.) and brackets (19% p.)Tenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs) passé Tenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs), passé composé (5% CV)8090

304050607080

Articles

0102030

Essays

Law texts

Novels

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

16

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16

What varies the most:P t ti b k l h l ti k

10

12 Punctuation: backslashes, exclamation marks, braces

Persons: 2nd persons and specificallyi d di j ti

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8

possessives and disjunctivesTenses: passé simple, passé antérieur,

subjonctif imparfaitFormalization: domain specific symbols

4

6 Formalization: domain-specific symbols, interjections

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2

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

2nd person pronouns: TU and VOUS

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Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

2nd person pronouns: TU (2% PP) and VOUS (1% PP)

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Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

2nd person pronouns: TU (2% PP) and VOUS (1% PP)Tenses: high variations of less used tenses: passé Tenses: high variations of less used tenses: passé simple, passé antérieur, subjonctif imparfait

40506070

0102030

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pages

Impersonal pronouns ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP) vs. 2ndp p ( ) ( )person pronouns TU (2% PP) and VOUS (1% PP)

Punctuations: colons (7% p.) and brackets (19% p.) vs.(7% p ) ( 9% p )backslashes, exclamation marks, braces (< 0,5% each)

Tenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs), passé composé andTenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs), passé composé andpassif (5% CV) vs. passé simple (1,8%), passé antérieur (0,26%), subjonctif imparfait (0,25%)

Formalization: domain-specific symbols, interjections

Specific and stable features in the corpus = core features = Specific and stable features in the corpus core features genre representation?

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Mise en évidence expérimentale d'une organisation tomatotopique chez la soprano(Cantatrix sopranica L.)

Experimental demonstration of the tomatotopic organization in the Soprano(Cantatrix sopranica L.)

Georges PERECLaboratoire de physiologieFaculté de médecine Saint-AntoineParis, France

Georges PerecLaboratoire de physiologieFaculté de médecine Saint-AntoineParis, France

Les effets frappants du jet de tomates sur les sopranos, observés aux heures ultimes du siècle dernier par Marks et Spencer (1899) qui, les premiers, employèrent le terme de réaction de hurlements (RH), ont été largement décrits dans la littérature. Si de nombreuses études expérimentales

As observed at the turn of the century by Marks & Spencer (1899), who first named the ``yelling reaction'' (YR), the striking effects of tomato throwing on Sopranoes have been extensively described. Although numerous behavioral (Zeeg & Puss 1931; dans la littérature. Si de nombreuses études expérimentales

(Zeeg & Puss, 1931; Roux & Combaluzier, 1932; Sinon & coll., 1948), anatomopathologique(Hun & Deu, 1960), comparative (Karybb & Szyla, 1973) et prospective (Else & Vire, 1974) ont permis de décrire avec précision ces réponses caractéristiques, les données neuroanatomiques, aussi bien que neurophysiologiques sont en dépit de leur

Although numerous behavioral (Zeeg & Puss, 1931; Roux & Combaluzier, 1932; Sinon et al., 1948), pathological (Hun & Deu, 1960), comparative (Karybb& Szyla, 1973) and follow-up (Else & Vire, 1974) studies have permitted a valuable description of these typical responses, neuroanatomical, as well as

h i l i l d t i it f th i b aussi bien que neurophysiologiques sont, en dépit de leur grand nombre, étonnamment confuses. Dans leurs démonstrations désormais classiques, publiées dans la fin des années 20. Chou & Lai (1927 a, 16, c, 1928 a, 16, 1929 a, 1930) ont écarté l'hypothèse d'un simple réflexe nociceptif facio-facial qui avait été émise il y a de nombreuses années par certains auteurs (Mace & Doyne 1912; Payre &

neurophysiological data, are, in spite of their number, surprisingly confusing. In their henceforth late twenties' classical demonstrations, Chou & Lai (1927 a, b, c, 1928 a, b, 1929 a, 1930) have ruled out the hypothesis of a pure facio-facial nociceptive reflex that has been advanced for many years by a number of années par certains auteurs (Mace & Doyne, 1912; Payre &

Tairnelle, 1916; Sornette & Billevayze, 1925). authors (Mace & Doyne, 1912; Payre & Tairnelle, 1916; Sornette & Billevayzé, 1925).

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Length ≈ 7333 tokens ≈ 19 pagesImpersonal pronouns ON (23% PP) and IL (21% PP) vs. 2nd

PUS

person pronouns TU (2% PP) and VOUS (1% PP)Punctuations: colons (7% p.) and brackets (19% p.) vs.backslashes exclamation marks braces (< 0 5% each)

CO

RP backslashes, exclamation marks, braces (< 0,5% each)Tenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs), passé composé and passif (5% CV) vs. passé simple (1,8%), passé

té i (0 26%) bj tif i f it (0 25%)antérieur (0,26%), subjonctif imparfait (0,25%)Formalization: domain-specific symbols, interjections

C

Length ≈ 2690 tokens ≈ 7 pagesImpersonal pronouns ON (14% PP) and IL (28% PP) vs. 2nd

person pronouns TU (0% PP) and VOUS (0% PP)

ATO

TOPI

C person pronouns TU (0% PP) and VOUS (0% PP)Punctuations: colons (4% p.) and brackets (34% p.) vs.backslashes, exclamation marks, braces (0% each)

TOM

A

Tenses: présent (36% conjugated verbs), passé composé and passif (5% CV) vs. passé simple, passé antérieur, subjonctif imparfait (0%)subjonctif imparfait (0%)Formalization: domain-specific symbols, interjections (0%)

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Tenses: présent (80% conjugated verbs), passé composé and passif (5% CV) vs. passé simple

PUS

co posé a d pass (5% C ) s. passé s p e (1,8%), passé antérieur (0,26%), subjonctif imparfait (0,25%)

CO

RP + conditionnel (4,43%), futur (4,39%)

C

Tenses: présent (36% conjugated verbs), passé composé and passif (5% CV) vs. passé simple,

é té i bj tif i f it (0%)

ATO

TOPI

C passé antérieur, subjonctif imparfait (0%)+ conditionnel (0,41%), futur (0%)

TOM

A

No research framework, no research processi l dinvolved

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Main Components Analysis (MCA)› Input: a matrix individuals (224 texts) x › Input: a matrix individuals (224 texts) x

observations (F: 136 / E: 80)› Examination of the factors (eigen values and ( g

linguistic characteristics)› Description of the first factorial map

DTM (Ludovic Lebart)http://www enst fr/egsh/lebart/http://www.enst.fr/egsh/lebart/

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

imparfait

passé antérieurplus q parfait

passé simplepassé antérieur

proper nouns

datesVOUS

conditionalinterjectionsJEquestion marks

TU

présentimpératifmodals – futur

i IL colonsbrackets

numeralsbraces ON

modals – présentsymbols

ling. acronymsimpers. IL colons

NOUS

slashes

Formalization marksPoudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

imparfaitpl s q parfait

passé simplepassé antérieur

plus q parfait

proper nouns

datesVOUS

conditionalinterjectionsJEquestion marks

TUTU

présentimpératifmodals – futur

modals – présentimpers. IL colons

bracketsnumerals

braces

ON

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

symbolsling. acronyms

NOUS

slashes


Narrative articles = domain-specific, veryrarerareArticles containing an interlocutive dimension = domain-specificArticles containing formalization marks = Articles containing formalization marks domain-specificArticles containing the « positive coreArticles containing the « positive corefeatures » we found out

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

Narrative

Dialogue

Perec

Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

imparfaitplus q parfait

passé antérieurpassé simple

commasordinalsproper nouns dates

i j i

VOUSconditionnel

length

ordinals

JETU

interjectionsquestion marks

présent

modals – présent modals – futur

symbolsling. acronyms

braces

numeralsslashes

NOUScolons impératif

ONimpers. IL

brackets


Heterogeneity of the genre of the research article in linguisticsresearch article in linguistics› Sub-fields associated with different writing

traditionstraditionsYet core features matching intuitionInterest and limits of morphosyntacticInterest and limits of morphosyntacticfeaturesC l i t t ?Cross-language generic structures?› Parallel, or comparable corpora and

t t ?tagsets?Poudat - CL2009 - 21/07/09

t ht t t th i t t f to what extent the generic structure...

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