tài liệu ms project 2010 - gxd.vn

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Ti liu ng dng Microsoft Project 2010 trong lp v qun l tin d n Trang 1 Bin son: ThS. Nguyn Th Anh v KS. Kiu Mnh T

Bi 1: Gii thiu phn mm lp v qun l tin d n

Phn 1: Gii thiu v Project 2010

Mt s yu cu: My tnh phi ci Windows XP SP3 tr v sau ( ci c Office 2010). ci Microsoft Project 2010 (Standard hoc Professional). Sau y s gi l Project 2010. B g ting Vit (Unikey, Vietkey, DotNetKey, ). Font ch ting Vit. khi xut ra bn v AutoCad khng b li font th nn s dng font thuc bng m TCVN3 (.VnTime, .VnArial, ).

Cc nng cp ni bt ca Project 2010: Giao din Ribbon: trc quan, d dng tip cn n cc chc nng ca chng trnh. Giao din Timeline: trc quan sinh ng, l bn tm tt cc cng vic m bn mun xem. D dng sao chp Timeline v dn chng vo mt ng dng khc. AutoFilter: c ci thin. L mt cng c lc ging Microsoft Excel gip bn c th phn loi, sp xp cc cng tc theo nhm

Mt s thut ng: Task: cng vic, cng tc Duration: thi gian thc hin cng vic Start: ngy thng bt u Finish: ngy thng kt thc Predecessors: cng tc i trc Successors: cng tc i sau Resources: ti nguyn (nhn cng, my mc, vt liu, ) Work: cng thc hin cng vic (mc nh l Gi) Unit: n v s dng ti nguyn Schedule: tin d n, ln lch cho d n Rate: gi ca cc ti nguyn (standard rate: gi chun, over.rate: gi ngoi gi) Cost: chi ph Baseline: ng gc Recurring task: cng vic lp i lp li Milestone: mc cng tc (thi gian bng 0)



I. Giao din Ribbon ca Project 2010:

1. Cc Ribbon trong giao din: File: ni thc hin vic to mi, m, lu file, in n hoc thc hin cc ci t cho MS Project. Task: thc hin vic nh dng, chn, chnh sa, thit lp cc thuc tnh ca cc cng tc. Resource: thc hin vic qun l v gn ti nguyn cho cc cng tc, cn i cc loi ti

nguyn c cng s dng vt qu mc cho php. Project: cha cc chc nng ca ton b d n. Cp nht tin thc t v so snh vi tin

lp. To mi lch lm vic v gn lch lm vic cho cc loi ti nguyn. Trch xut cc bo co v vic s dng ti nguyn v chi ph ca d n. View: gip kim sot v xem cc thng tin ca d n theo cc cch khc nhau, sp xp v quan st cc cng tc theo nhm. Format: l mt tab ty bin. Cc chc nng trong tab ph hp dng biu hay khung quan st m bn ang s dng.

Thanh cng c Quick Access Toolbar

Cc Ribbon chc nng ca chng trnh

Vng nhp d liu Vng ha



a. Task: Group View: gip la chn cc khung nhn. Group Clipboard: gip thc hin cc thao tc copy, cut, paste cc cng tc v cc nh dng ca cng tc. Group Schedule: gip gn v qun l cc lin kt, % hon thnh ca tng cng tc. Group Font: a ra cc ty chn v nh dng font ch hin th. Group Tasks: gip la chn cc ch cp nht cho cng tc v n/hin cc thng bo. Group Insert: chn thm cng tc, cc mc cng tc, cc cng tc tng hp. Group Properties: gn, xa, chnh sa cc thng tin, ghi ch cho cc cng tc v cp nht vo Timeline. Group Editing: gip tm kim, chnh sa, lc c iu kin cc ni dung ca cng tc. b. Resource:

Group View: la chn khung nhn, mc nh l Team Planner. Group Assignments: Qun l vic gn ti nguyn.

Group Insert: chn thm ti nguyn trong trong giao din Team Planner. Group Properties: gip b sung, quan st, sa i cc thng tin ca cc ti nguyn.

Group Level: thc hin vic cn i ti nguyn khi m s dng ti nguyn vt qu k hoch cung ng.



c. Project:

d. View: Group Task View: la chn cc ch quan st cc cng tc ca tin . Group Resource Views: quan st vic s dng cc ti nguyn ca d n. Group Data: cng c gip sp xp, lc, quan st v so snh chi ph ca tng cng tc gia tin

lp v thc t . Group Zoom, Split Views v Window: thu phng vng d liu qua st, sp xp cc ca s ang m.

Group Insert: chn thm mt d n vo d vo file hin hnh (gp tin cc hng mc vo tng tin ca d n). Khi iu chnh tin cc hng mc, tng tin ca d n cng t thay i. Group Properties: thc hin vic ci t cc thng s ca d n, thit lp thi gian lm vic v qun l vic chia s ti nguyn gia c d n.

Group Schedule: tnh ton li sau khi thc hin cc thay i; thit lp cc ng c s v thay i thi gian din ra d n.

Group Reports: to v in cc bo co v chi ph ca d n. Kt hp vi Pivort Chart ca Excel th hin cc biu . Group Status: cp nht % hon thnh cc cng vic hay ton d n ti mt thi im no .



2. Cc khung quan st trong giao din: (mc nh: Gantt Chart) Calendar: ca s dng lch gip quan st cc cng tc din ra v cc loi ti nguyn s dng trong ngy. Gantt Chart: ca s dng s ngang, gip chng ta quan st c r mi lin h ca cc cng tc, thi gian din ra cc cng tc v ca ton d n. y l ca s lm vic chnh. Network Diagram: quan st tin d n theo s mng. Resource Sheet: khung khai bo cc thng tin v ti nguyn phc v d n. Resource Usage: ca s qun l vic phn b ti nguyn. Resource Graph: hin th biu

cng s dng cc loi ti nguyn. Task Usage: gip qun l tin

thc hin ca tng cng tc. Tracking Gantt: gip quan st tin thc hin ca tng cng

tc ang din ra, c th hin % hon thnh cng vic. More View: cc ca s quan st khc



Phn 2: Lm vic vi d n

1. To mi d n: Sau khi khi chy Project, chng trnh t ng m mt project mi. Trong trng hp khc, ta c th vo tab File\New\Blank project\Create to mt d n mi. 2. Khai bo cc thng tin ban u: Sau khi to d n mi, ta tin hnh khai bo mt s thng tin ban

u nh sau: vo tab

File\Info\Project Information\Advance Properties kch hot bng Properties. 3. Khai bo thng tin chung v d n: Trong bng Properties, ta quan tm n tab Summary v c th nhp thng tin v tn d n,

ngi th hin tin , vo cc trng d liu ty vo nhu cu ngi dng. Vic khai bo ny s b sung thng tin vo tin ca d n, khng nh hng n ni dung chnh ca d n.



4. nh dng font ch: Vo Format\Text Styles kch hot bng ty chn Text Style. Mc Item to Change ta nn chn All vic chn font ch c hiu lc vi ton b d liu. Mc Font, ngi dng nn chn font thuc bng m TCVN3 (.vntime, .vnarial, ) khi xut tin ra bn v AutoCad khng b li font. Khi , trong qu trnh lm vic, mt vi ca s nhp s hin th li font, nhng khi tr li Project, s khng cn li. 5. To lch lm vic cho d n: Vo Project\Change Working Time. Trong ca s Change Working Time ta thy ang c lch mc nh ca chng trnh l Stardard. Ta c th chnh sa lch mc nh cho ph hp hoc to lch lm vic mi cho d n. to mi, vo Create New Calendar. Trong bng Create New Base Calendar, ta nhp tn lch vo Name. Ta thy c 2 ty chn to mi lch: Create new base calendar v Make a copy of. Trong ty chn s 1 s to mi lch ging vi lch mc nh Standard ca Project, cn ty chn 2 s to mi lch c cc c tnh ging vi 1 lch c gim bt cc thao tc chnh sa. Sau khi chn la chn xong, bm Create to lch mi. Ta c th to nhiu lch vi cc ty chn khc nhau. V c trong thc t, mi loi ti nguyn lao ng s c 1 lch lm vic khc nhau. V d cng nhn s lm vic theo ca, cn my mc c th lm vic 24h. Khi , cn c lch lm vic ring cho cng nhn v my mc. Sau khi to cc lch lm vic cn thit bt u thit lp thi gian lm vic cho tng lch, bng cch chn trong For Calendar.



Mc nh, thi gian lm vic trong tun l 5 ngy v trong ngy t 8:00 am n 12:00 pm v 1:00 pm n 5:00 pm. thay i, ta vo th Work Weeks\Details. Trong bng Details for mi hin ra, trong khung Selest day(s), ta qut chn ton b cc ngy t Monday n Sunday, sau chn Set day (s) to these specific working times. Trong bng bn di, ta chnh sa li thi gian trong ct From, To cho ph hp vi yu cu.

Trng hp d n c thi gian ko di, cn thit phi to ra lch c thi gian lm vic trong ngy thay i (v d cng nhn ma h bui sng lm sm, bui chiu lm mun, cn ma ng bui sng lm mun, bui chiu lm sm), th ta c thm lm nh sau: trong th Work Weeks ta thm khong thi gian Ma ng 2013 v ma h 2013. Mc Start v Finish gi s ta t thi gian nh trong hnh. Sau , ta ln lt bm chn Ma ng 2013 v Ma h 2013 ri vo Details t thi gian lm vic cho cc ma.

Gi s thi gian lm vic ca ma ng v ma h



Ci t s kin ngoi l cho lch lm vic: Trong tab Exceptions, khai bo cc s kin ngoi l (v d ngy ngh) trong mc Name, thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc. Cc ngoi l c th bao gm l ny ngh, ngy lm vic na ngy, ngy lm vic c thi gian khc so vi lch lm vic. Gi s ta c cc ngoi l nh hnh di.

Sau , chn s kin u tin v bm vo Details. Trong mc Recurrence Pattern, chng ta chn tng ng vi s kin s din ra theo chu k ngy, tun, thng hay nm. S chu k c xc nh mc End after occurrences.



La chn Options trong ca Change Working Time: Ty chn Options a ta n vic thit lp cc thng s trong Schedule ca Project Options. Trong Schelude khung bn phi, mc nh mc Show assignment units as a s l Percentage. Tuy nhin ta phi a v Decimal nh trong hnh. Vic thay i ny cn tin hnh trc khi gn ti nguyn cho cc cng tc (s ni k hn phn sau).

Ngi dng cng c th vo cc ci t Schelude thng qua tab File\Options\Schelude. Trong mc Defauft task type, ta nn chn l Fixed Durations khi chnh sa thi gian ca cng vic hoc s lng ti nguyn (sau khi gn ti nguyn cho cng vic), th s lng ti nguyn hoc s ngy cng s khng b thay i ngoi mun.

6. Thit lp trong Project Information: Vo tab Project\Project Information: La chn thi im c nh bt u hoc kt thc ca d n trong Schedule from. Nu la chn thi im u, ta c th gn thi gian cho thi im bt u, thi im cui s t ng cp nht v ngc li. Gi s ta la chn thi im bt u ca d n l ngy 05/04/2013 nh trong hnh minh ha. Gn lch cho d n trong mc Calendar. y ta chn lch Bi tp 1 va to cho d n. Priority: l mc u tin, c gi tr t 0 ~ 1.000 (mc nh l 500). Mc u tin s nh hng n th t cc cng vic c cn i (leveling) khi tin hnh cn i t ng. Priority thp s c cn i trc.



Bi 2: Th hin tin ca 1 d n

1. Thay i tiu ct d liu trong Gantt Chart: bi 2, ta to mi 1 file d n,

la chn Text Style v thit lp lch lm vic v gn lch lm vic cho d n to.

th hin tin n gin, trong Gantt Chart ta cn cc ct d liu: Task Name, Duration, Start, Finish, Predecessors. Ta c th i tiu cc ct bng cch bm chut phi vo tiu ri chn Field Settings. Trong khung Field Settings mi hin ra:

Field name: l ct hin hnh. Nu mun i thnh ct khc, ta c th chn ti y. Title: l tn hin th cho ct. Mc

nh ca ct Name l Task Name, nhng ta c th i thnh tn khc. V d i thnh Ni dung cng vic. Ta dng chnh bng m ca b g Unikey l TCVN3 g tn, tuy qu trnh g c th hin th li font nhng sau khi bm OK th s hin th ng (do ta chn font TCVN3 cho ton b d liu c th xut sang AutoCad).

Align title: cn l cho tn hin th ca ct. Align data: cn l cho ni dung trong ct. Sau khi g tn v hon thnh cc la chn cn thit, bm OK.

(Vic i tn ct nhm phc v vic xut bn v sang AutoCad v in n. Thng thng, cc ct Indicators, Task Mode, Predecessors s n i trc khi in, nn ta khng cn thit phi i tn).

2. Nhp cc cng vic v thi gian thc hin: Trong Project c 2 loi cng vic: Summary Task (Cng vic tm lc): Cng vic m chc nng duy nht ca n l cha ng

v tm lc thi khong, cng vic v chi ph ca cc cng vic khc. Chng ta khng th gn thi gian thc hin v ti nguyn cho n, m thi gian s c t tng hp t cc cng vic m n tm lc bn trong n.

Sub Task: l cc cng vic chi tit, s c gn thi gian, ti nguyn v cc mi lin h vi cc cng vic khc.



Gi s ta lp tin thi cng phn mng n gin. Trong Gantt Chart, ta nhp vo tn cc cng vic vo ct Ni dung cng vic (Name) v thi gian vo trong ct Thi gian (Durations). Lu ta khng nhp thi gian cho cc cng vic s l Summary Task. Sau khi nhp vo ct Ni dung cng vic v ct Thi gian, th trong ct Bt u (Start) s t ng ly theo ngy bt u ca d n (ta t trong Project Information l ngy 05/04/2013), ngy trong ct Kt thc do chng trnh t ng tnh da vo d liu trong ct Thi gian v ct Bt u.

3. Thit lp cng vic tm lc - chi tit: Ta thy trong tin thi cng phn mng, cng vic 1 (Phn mng) l cng vic tm lc ca tt c cc cng vic t 2 (o t bng my) n 10 (Tho vn khun ging mng).

thit lp cc cng vic ny l cng vic chi tit cn cng vic 1 l cng vic tm lc, ta lm nh sau: qut chn tt cc cng vic m ta mun a vo lm cng tc chi tit, sau trong tab Task, bm vo nt Indent Task (hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + Shift + mi tn sng phi). Khi cc cng vic chn s tr thnh cng vic chi tit, cn cng vic 1 s tr thnh cng vic tm lc. Lc ny, cc cng vic t 2 n 10 i vo vng tm lc ca cng vic 1. Ta c th nhn thy s thay i c trong khung nhp liu bn tri v khung hin th cc ng tin bn phi ca khung Gantt Chart. Khi mun a mt hay nhiu cng vic ra khi vng tm lc ca cng vic 1, ta chn vo cng vic ri bm vo nt Outdent Task hoc bm t hp phm Alt + Shift + mi tn sang tri.

4. Thit lp mi lin h gia cc cng vic: Cc dng lin h ca cc cng vic: Start to start (SS): Bt u n bt u (cng vic sau c thi im bt u lin quan n thi im bt u ca cng vic trc). Finish to start (FS): Kt thc n bt u (cng vic sau c thi im bt u lin quan n thi im kt thc ca cng vic trc).



Finish to finish (FF): Kt thc n kt thc (cng vic sau c thi im kt thc lin quan n thi im kt thc ca cng vic trc).

Start to finish (SF): Bt u n kt thc (cng vic sau c thi im kt thc lin quan n thi im bt u ca cng vic trc). Finish to Start

Start to Start Start to Finish Finish to Finish Trong tt c cc mi lin h cng vic, ta c th cho thi im lin h din ra sm hn/mun hn so vi cc mi lin h SS, FS, FF, SF bng cch tr i hoc cng thm thi gian ta mun. V d: ta mun cng vic B bt u trc khi cng vic A kt thc 2 ngy. Khi mi lin h cng vic B so vi cng vic A l : FS-2 days. Ta nhp cc mi lin h cng vic vo ct Predecessors theo yu cu ca bi. Kt qu ta c nh sau:

i vi kiu lin h Finisht to Start (FS), nu khng c thi gian tr hn hoc sm hn, ta ch cn nhp vo s th t ca cng vic i trc. Trng hp khi mt cng vic c nhiu mi lin h vi nhiu cng vic i trc, th k hiu cc mi lin h c ngn cch nhau bng k t. Lag Time v Lead Time:



Khong thi gian tr hn (Lag Time) v sm hn (Lead Time) trong cc mi quan h SS, FF, SF, FS ngoi cch nhp vo s ngy, ta cn c th nhp vo % thi gian ca cng vic i trc. Ta c v d v 2 cng vic, thi gian mi cng vic l 10 ngy. Gi s cng vic 2 c rng buc vi cng vic 1 kiu FS+2. Khi , ta c th nhp Lag Time theo s ngy (1FS+2) hay theo % thi gian ca cng vic 1 (1FS+20%). 1FS + 2 days:

1FS +20%:

Tip tc nhp ton b cc cng vic cn li ca d n, bao gm thi cng phn thn, thi cng phn hon thin. Nhp thi gian thi cng v cc mi lin h cng vic th hin y tin ca d n. Sau khi th hin xong cc ng tin , nu mun n, hin cc ng cng tc tm lc, ng tm lc ca tng tin v m phn cp ng vic, ta lm nh sau: trong tab Task tm n Group Show/Hide s c 3 ty chn:

Outline Number: n hin m phn cp cng vic. Project Summary Task: n hin ng tm lc ca tng tin (chn mc ny s xut hin dng ID s 0 trong bng tin ).



Summary Task: n hin cc ng tm lc ca tng mc.

5. Cc rng buc ca cng vic: Vic thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc cng tc th da vo cc quan h v cng ngh, quan h v t chc do ngi lp k hoch xc nh v ch n thun l mi quan h rng buc gia cc cng tc vi nhau. M rng hn v mt t chc, bn cnh cc mi quan h rng buc gia cc cng tc vi nhau th ring mi cng tc li c th chu tc ng bi nhiu yu t ch quan ln khch quan. a cc yu t vo trong vic lp k hoch c ngha l ta a cc rng buc (Constraints) ca mi cng tc vo trong vic lp k hoch. Microsoft Project cung cp 8 kiu rng buc nh sau:

1. As Soon As Possible: Vi kiu rng buc ny, Project lp k hoch cho mt cng tc khi cng sm nht m n c th. Khng c gii hn v thi im p t ln cng tc ny. ay l kiu rng buc mc nh khi chng ta lp tin vi yu cu thi gian khi cng cho trc. 2. As Late As Possible: Vi kiu rng buc ny, Project s lp k hoch cho mt cng tc khi cng tr nht m n c th (d nhin vn phi m bo thi gian hon thnh cng trnh

khng i). Khng c gii hn v thi im p t ln cng tc. y l kiu rng buc mc nh khi ta lp tin vi yu cu thi gian hon thnh cho trc.

3. Finish No Later Than: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im tr nht c th m ta mun cng tc hon thnh v cng tc ny phi hon thnh ng hoc trc ngy ny. Khi lp tin vi yu cu thi gian hon thnh cho trc th kiu rng buc ny s t p t cho cng tc no m ta nhp vo thi im hon thnh cho n.

4. Start No Later Than: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im tr nht c th m ta mun cng tc bt u, v cng tc ny phi bt u thc hin ng hoc trc ngy ny. Khi lp tin vi yu cu thi gian hon thnh cho trc th kiu rng buc ny s c p t cho cng tc no m ta nhp vo thi im bt u cho n. 5. Finish No Earlier Than: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im sm nht c th m ta mun cng tc hon thnh. V cng tc khng th hon thnh trc thi im a ra. Khi lp tin vi yu cu thi gian khi cng cho trc th kiu rng buc ny s t p t cho cng vic no m ta nhp vo thi im kt thc cho n. 6. Start No Earlier Than: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im sm nht c th m ta mun cng tc bt u, v cng tc khng th bt u trc thi im a ra. Khi lp tin vi



yu cu thi gian khi cng cho trc th kiu rng buc ny s t p t cho cng tc no m ta nhp vo thi im khi cng cho n. 7. Must Start On: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im chnh xc m cng tc phi bt u. Cc yu t nh quan h cng tc, thi gian tr sm (Lag, Lead Time), cn i ti nguyn ca cng tc ny s l th yu vi yu cu rng buc ny. 8. Must Finish On: Kiu rng buc ny a ra thi im chnh xc m cng tc phi hon thnh. Cc yu t nh quan h cng tc, thi gian tr sm (Lag, Lead Time), cn i ti nguyn ca cng tc ny s l th yu vi yu cu rng buc ny.

gn rng buc cho mt cng tc, ta thc hin nh sau: trong Gantt Chart, chn vo cng tc cn gn, ri trong tab Task chn vo Task Information. Trong hp thoi Task Information, vo th Advanced, v ta gn rng buc trong mc Constraint Type v gn ngy rng buc tng ng trong Constraint Date. 6. nh dnh hin th cho tin : Sau khi th hin tin ln s ngang, ta c th la nh dng th hin tin . a. nh dng hin th cc thanh ngang tin : Bm chut phi vo vng hin th tin ri chn Bar Styles, hoc trong tab Task, vo

Format\Format\Bar Styles.



Trong tab Bar: Start: la chn kiu hin th im bt u cho thanh ngang. Middle: la chn kiu hin th cho ton b thanh ngang, nhng khng k im u v im cui. Finish: la chn kiu hin th im cui.

Trong tab Text: gip la chn thng tin ca cng vic s hin th cho thanh ngang. Left: hin th bn tri, v d: ngy bt u. Right: hin th bn phi, v d: ngy kt thc. Top: hin th bn trn, v d tn cng vic. Bottom: hin th bn di, v d: ti nguyn.

Inside: hin th trong khung, v d % hon thnh. Gridlines: la chn cc ng li hin th trn bng tin , ta bm chut phi vo vng hin th tin ri chn Gridlines. Mt s la chn hin th hay d dng n, bao gm: Gantt Rows: hin th ng k ngang cho mi dng ca tin . Middle Tier Column: hin th

ng k ng cho tng thi gian th 2. Bottom Tier Column: hin th ng k ng cho tng thi gian di cng. Current Date: hin th ng k ng cho ngy hin ti. Mt s lu khc:

ng s 0 (Project Summary Task): l cng tc tm lc ca ton b d n. Mc nh s ly theo tn trong mc Title m ta khai bo trong Project Properties. Tuy nhin ta c th chnh sa li theo nhu cu. Khi thit lp mi lin h cng vic cn lu : mi cng vic u phi c mi lin h theo sau vi cng vic khc, tr cng vic u tin; mi cng vic u phi c mi lin h kt thc vi cng vic khc, tr cng vic cui cng (tham kho thm cc gio trnh T chc thi cng

ca trng i Hc Xy Dng). M phn cp cng vic: ta khng nhp th cng, m dng tnh nng t gn m phn cp cng vic ca Project, khi c s thay i trnh t cc cng vic, Project s t ng gn li m phn cp. Vic to m phn cng theo mun ca ngi dng s c trnh by cc phn sau.



Bi 3: Khai bo v gn ti nguyn cho d n

1. Khai bo cc ti nguyn dng cho d n: vo ca s khai bo v qun l ti nguyn, trong ca s

Gantt Chart, vo tab Task\View ri chn Resource Sheet. Trong Resource Sheet, ta vo Format\Text Styles la chn Font ch hin th. Sau , khai bo tn cc loi ti nguyn ca d n vo ct Name, s lng ti a ca ti nguyn ct Max Units. Mc nh, n v ca Duration v Work ca mi cng vic s l Hours (gi). la chn li n v, ta lm nh sau: vo File\Options\Schedule\Scheduling options for this project. Trong c cc ty chn sau: - Duration is entered in: la chn n v cho Duration. - Work is entered in: la chn n v cho Work.

Thng thng, ta s chn n v cho Duration v Work l Days (ngy). Ti nguyn c 3 dng: Work: ti nguyn lao ng, bao gm con ngi, cc loi my mc, thit b thi cng. Material: ti nguyn vt t (v d trong hnh l B tng

thng phm).



Cost: chi ph, l 1 dng ti nguyn m ta c th gn cho cng vic. V d nh ta c th gn chi ph thu my mc, thit b (my thi cng nh cu thp, vn thng ), hay thu dch v (cc dch v t vn, ). Thit lp dng cho ti nguyn bng cch trong ca s Resouce Sheet, ti ct Type, ng vi mi ti nguyn ta c th chn dng cho ti nguyn. n v ca ti nguyn ta s nhp trong ct

Material Label. Ch c th gn n v cho cc ti nguyn vt t. Cc ti nguyn lao ng s c tnh ton theo s cng (ngy cng, gi cng, ) Max Units: S lng ln nht ca ti nguyn, l s lng ti nguyn ln nht c th cung ng. Max Units ch p dng cho cc loi ti nguyn lao ng. V d s lng cng nhn trn cng trng ch c 10. Nhng c nhng giai on, s lng cng nhn cn tng ln ti 30. Do , cn phi to ra nhng khong thi gian m s lng ti a ca cng nhn l khc nhau. Hoc

i vi vic thu chuyn gia, t vn, chng ta cn xc nh thi gian chuyn gia c kh nng tham gia, c mt v thi gian khng th c mt. lm iu ny, trong bng

Resource sheet, ta bm chut phi vo tn ti nguyn ri chn Information, hoc vo tap Resource ta chn vo Information: Trong bng Resource Information hin ra, trong mc Resource Availability ta c th gn cc khong thi gian m s lng ti nguyn ti a l khc nhau. Trong phn Change Working Time, ta c th thay i thi gian lm vic ph hp vi ti nguyn, hoc to mi v gn 1 lch lm vic c cho ti nguyn. Trong Booking Type ta c 2 la chn: Committed (cam kt) v Proposed ( xut). Mc nh, la chn ca Booking Type l Commited. iu ny c ngha l cc ti nguyn khi khai bo mc nh s c s dng cho d n.



2. Gn ti nguyn cho cc cng vic: Ta tin hnh gn ti nguyn cho cc cng vic thng qua ca s Gantt Chart. gn ti nguyn, ta c cc cch sau: Bm chut phi vo dng ca cng vic, chn Information (hoc trong tab Task tm n nhm Properties, bm Information ) ri gn ti nguyn trong sheet Resources.

Trong tab Resources tm n nhm Assignments ri bm vo Assign Resources tin hnh gn ti nguyn. Bm chut phi vo vng biu , chn Show Split. Khi khung nhn s chia lm 2 phn

nh sau:

Khung pha di l ni thc hin cc thao tc gn ti nguyn. gn ti nguyn, ta bm chut vo cng vic cn gn ti nguyn, sau trong tab Format chn vo Work nh hnh trn. gn ti nguyn cho cng tc no, trn vng mn hnh th hin tin , ta chn cng tc . Trong ct Resource Name bn di, ta bm vo mi tn gc d liu chn tn ti nguyn cn gn. Sau nhp s lng ti nguyn cn gn trong ct Units.



Cng vic ang c gn ti nguyn. Cng vic ang c gn ti nguyn. Tn v s lng ti nguyn c gn. Sau khi la chn ti nguyn v s lng ti nguyn gn, ta nhn Enter 3 ln: ln 1 vic chn ti nguyn c hiu lc, ln 2 gn ti nguyn ln cng vic, ln 3 kt thc vic gn ti nguyn cho cng vic v chuyn xung cng vic pha di.

Sau khi n Enter 3 ln, ta thy loi ti nguyn v s lng hin th trong ct Resource Names bn trn, v con tr chut ang chn xung cng vic cn c gn ti nguyn lin bn di.

Tn ti nguyn c gn

S lng ti nguyn dc gn



i vi cc cng vic s dng nhiu hn 1 ti nguyn, th sau khi chn ti nguyn th nht v nhp s lng, sau tip tc chn ti nguyn s 2 v nhp s lng. Lm ln lt n khi nhp chng loi v s lng ti nguyn ri mi Enter gn ti nguyn ln cng vic.

i vi cng vic s dng nhiu hn 1 ti nguyn, th sau khi chn ti nguyn th nht v nhp s lng, sau tip tc chn ti nguyn s 2. Lm ln lt n khi nhp chng loi v s lng ti nguyn ri mi Enter gn ti nguyn ln cng vic. Cc cng vic c gn ti nguyn

Gn ti nguyn cho ton b cc cng tc ca d n. Ta c kt qu nh sau: Nhu cu s dng ti nguyn c cng khc nhau cho cng 1 cng vic:



Trong thc t, c nhng cng vic m nhu cu s dng ti nguyn trong cc khong thi gian khc nhau l khc nhau. V d mt cng vic thi cng trong 3 ngy, ngy u tin ch cn 10 cng nhn, ngy th 2 cn 15 cng nhn, ngy th 3 cn 20 cng nhn. Ta tin hnh khai bo v gn ti nguyn cho cng vic mt cch bnh thng, vi Units l 10 cng nhn (Hnh 1). Lc ny, Work ca cng vic s l 30d.

Sau , ta vo Task Usage, kt qu nh

hnh 2. Trong Task Usage, ta chnh sa s lng cng nhn ca ngy s 2 v s 3 t 10d thnh 15d v 20d (Hnh 3). Project s t hiu rng ngy th 2 v ngy th 3 s c tng ng l 15 v 20 ngi. Khi , Work ca cng vic khng cn l 30d, m s c tnh bng cng thc 10x1+15x1+20x1 = 45d. V biu nhn lc lc ny cng s bin i theo (Hnh 4). Gi s ta c 1 cng vic, c 2 loi ti nguyn tham gia nh trong hnh 1. Tuy nhin, vi ti nguyn my, do khng c nhu cu s dng cha cn ngay hoc cha th huy ng kp, m phi li vic bt u cho My tham gia l 1 ngy. Khi , ta lm nh sau:

Bc 1: Trong Gantt Chart, gn ti nguyn cho cng vic nh bnh thng.

Bc 2: Trong Task Usage, chn thm 2 ct Start v Finish.

Bc 3: Thit lp thi gian bt u, kt thc ca ti nguyn trong ct Start, Finish tng ng.



Nh vy, trong cng vic trn, ta thy cng vic bt u t ngy 22/4/2013 n 25/4/2013, nhng ti nguyn nhn cng ch tham gia t ngy 22/4/2013 n 24/4/2013, v thi gian tham gia ca ti nguyn My l t ngy 23/4/2013 n 25/3/2013.

3. Cc ti nguyn vt liu v chi ph: i vi ti nguyn lao ng (Work), th s lng ti nguyn gn cho cng vic s l cng s dng ca ti nguyn, v tng hao ph ti nguyn s c tnh theo cng thc: Work = Units x

Duration. Tuy nhin, i vi ti nguyn vt liu (Material) v chi ph (Cost) th ta s gn vo tng hao ph. V d, cng vic lp dng ct thp v vn khun mng c khi l 48 tn thp v 480 m2 vn khun, thi cng trong 10 ngy. Khi ta s nhp thi gian hon thnh cng vic l 10 ngy, v nhp s lng ti nguyn l 48 tn thp v 480 m2 vn khun.

Khi , Project s t phn b tng khi lng ct thp v vn khun theo cng thc: Units = Work/Duration.

y, ta c Units ca Ct thp: 48/16 = 3 (tn/ngy) v Units ca Vn khun: 480/16 = 30 (m2/ngy).



i vi ti nguyn chi ph (Cost) ta cng tng t nh vy. 4. Thay i ti nguyn gn trc : thay i ti nguyn gn, ta c th xa i v gn li ti nguyn. Hoc ta c th gn thng qua hp thoi Assign Resources. Ta chn cng vic cn thay i ti nguyn, vo tab Resources\Assign

Resources. Trong hp thoi Assign Resource, cc ti nguyn gn s c nh du. gn thm mt loi ti nguyn, ta bm chut chn vo ti nguyn , g s lng trong ct Units ri bm vo nt Assign.

loi b 1 loi ti nguyn gn, ta bm chn vo tn loi ti nguyn , ri bm vo Remove.

thay th mt li ti nguyn gn, ta chn vo ti nguyn cn thay th , ri bm vo Replace. Trong hp thoi Replace Resource, ta chn vo loi ti nguyn c dng thay th, g vo s lng ri bm OK chng trnh thay th ti nguyn. Trong hp thoi Assign Resources c ty chn Resource list Options: Trong Fillter By, ta c th la chn cc yu cu ca ti nguyn, nh lng ti nguyn cn d (Available Work) vc cc yu cu khc nh yu cu v nhm ti nguyn kiu ti nguyn (work, material, cost),



Bi 4: ng gng ca tin - cp nht tin thc hin

1. ng gng v cng tc gng ca tin : ng gng ca tin l tp hp cc cng tc (hoc c th ch l 1 cng tc) quyt nh thi gian hon thnh ca cng tc. Nh vy, khi cng tc cui cng thuc ng gng hon thnh, th d n cng hon thnh. Bt c s tr hon no ca cc cng tc trn ng gng u dn n s tr hon ngy kt thc ca d n. Cc cng tc nm trn ng gng c gi l cng tc gng. Cc cng tc gng khng c thi gian d tr. Thi gian d tr c 2 dng:

D tr ton phn (total slack): l khong thi gian m mt cng tc c th tr hon hoc ko di m khng nh hng n thi im kt thc ca d n. D tr ring phn (free slack): l khong thi gian m cng vic c th tr hon hoc ko di m khng nh hng n thi im kt thc ca cng vic lin sau n.

Cng tc c coi l cng tc gng khi: Khng c thi gian d tr (thi gian d tr bng 0). C kiu rng buc Must Start On hoc Must Finish On. C kiu rng buc As Late As Possible trong d n lp c ngy khi cng xc nh. C kiu rng buc As Soon As Possible trong d n lp c ngy kt thc xc nh. Cng tc c thi im hon thnh trng vi thi im Daedline quy nh (l thi im m ta bt buc cng tc phi hon thnh).

Cc cng tc hon thnh 100% s khng cn l cng tc gng, v n khng cn tc ng n thi im hon thnh ca d n hoc cc cng tc khc na.

Thay i iu kin cng tc l cng tc gng: Mc nh, mt cng vic c thi gian d tr bng 0 s l cng tc gng. Tuy nhin, ta c th thay i con s ny: Vo File\Options\Advanced. Trong mc Task are critical if slack is less than or equal to ta c th iu chnh s ngy Project coi mt cng tc l cng tc gng. Gi tr ta c th thay i t 0 n 9999 ngy.



2. Quan st ng gng:

hin ng gng trong Project, ta lm nh sau: vo Format chn Critical Tasks.

Khi , Project s nh du cc cng tc gng bng mu , v cc cng tc khng phi l gng s c mu xanh. 3. Quan st thi gian d tr ca cng vic: Thi gian d tr bao gm c d tr ton phn (Total slack) v d tr ring (Free slack). quan st thi gian d tr ton phn v d tr ring, trong Gantt Chart, ta chn thm cc ct Total slack v Free slack.

thi gian d tr ring (Free slack) th hin trong biu Gantt Chart, ta c vo Format chn Slack. 4. Cp nht tin thc hin cng vic: Cp nht tin ca d, bao gm tin hon thnh v tin iu chnh ca d n.

Tin hon thnh: l phn trm tng cng vic c hon thnh. Tin iu chnh: l vic thay i thi im bt u, kt thc, di chuyn khong thi gian din ra cng vic hay thay i thi gian (Durations) ca cng vic.

Trc khi cp nht tin , ta cn lu tin c s c th so snh gia:



K hoch: l tin trc khi cp nht. Thc hin: l tin sau khi cp nht. Ngoi ra, ta c th bit dc 1 cng vic b chm i bao nhiu thi gian so vi k hoch.

5. Sao lu tin c s (Baseline): lu tin c s, ta vo Project chn Set

Baseline. Trong ca s Set Baseline, trong mc Set Baseline ta c th chn 1 Baseline mi (trong tng 11 Baseline), hoc c th la chn mt Baseline lu lu . Trong mc For: ta chn Entire Project lu ton b d n, hoc chn Selected tasks chn lu mt s cng tc c th.

Sau khi lu tin c s, ng cng tc trong Gantt Chart hin th thm phn tin c s song song vi tin hin thi. Vic ny gip ta so snh c gia tin ca k hoch (tin c s) v tin trin khai hin thi.

6. Cp nht tin hon thnh ca cng vic: % hon thnh cng vic s bao gm: Ha thnh theo thi gian: % Complete. Hon thnh theo khi lng cng vic: % Complete Work. % hon thnh theo khi lng cng vic ch c tnh ton khi ta gn ti nguyn cho cng vic.

Khi ta cp nht % hon thnh cng vic theo thi gian, MS Project s t ng tnh ton % hon thnh theo khi lng. Tuy nhin, ta c th nhp li % khi lng ny. T ng cp nht tin hon thnh: Theo l thuyt, mi cng vic c cng thi gian s cng din ra. Nn n thi im hin ti, nu mt cng vic nm trong khong thi gian th s phi din ra. Do , trong Project c mt cng c gip ta cp nht nhanh tin n thi gian hin hnh. l Update Project. Khi ta dng Update Project, th tt c cc cng vic u c cp nht vic thc hin n ngy hin hnh. 7. Cp nht tin iu chnh ca cng vic: Vic cp nht tin iu chnh ca cng vic bao gm cc trng hp sau:

Thay i thi im bt u cng vic.



Thay i thi gian d kin ca cng vic. i vi cc cng vic thuc ng gng, khi ta cp nht tin iu chnh s nh hng n ton b d n, c th lm thay i ng gng. i vi cc cng vic khng thuc ng gng, nu

ta thay i trong gii hn d tr th s khng nh hng n ng gng v d n. Cng vic c Duration thay i Cng vic c Start thay i 8. Thi gian b y li khi cp nht tin : Vic cp nht tin iu chnh ca cng vic c th lm cc cng vic khc b y li. Project c cng c Slippage cnh bo cc cng vic b y li so vi k hoch c s lu. Vic thay i tin iu chnh ca cng vic ch c tc dng i vi cc cng vic cha c hon thnh 100%. Cng vic c s thay i thi gian Cng vic c trt v thi gian

Thi gian trt c th hin pha trc ng cng vic, cn thi gian d tr ring s c th hin pha sau.

tài liệu ms project 2010 - gxd.vn

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