Ti-un Bn-lm-g s-lu kap g-huat

Inn n-gin http://203.64.42.21/

Hak-si p Tsn-p / / Sui-jin Ti-un Bn-lm-g kh-lng s tsi-ts to-so ku-su b-g, m -koh si ku-iok s ts-iu s s-ing Hu-g, t-s kh-lng po-hn ku-su beh ng Bn-lm-g su-kh bn-t tm-poh- khn-ln (tsit-m gn-, tsng-hng j gim-ting ). So- beh oh Bn-lm-g, -si su-s p-ku Hu-g kah Ti-un Bn-lm-g tsha-. G-gin s-ing su-iu lin-si p, siat-s l s k Bn-lm-g ku-su, t-liu tsi t-tsiat t-t s-tsap hun-tsing su-iu kng Bn-lm-g, tshinn l m t k-tha s-kan (pau-kuah ji t-sing sing-uah, sing k-tha kh tng-tng ) tsn-ling s-ing Ti-un Bn-lm-g.

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Ti-un Bn-lm-g S-lu(1) () 1935 u khan-png [] han-t-l [] phng [] oo-b-sng [] pa-tsi-lu [] sap-bn [] (2) [] a/e a a a a S-bu '' : toh-, -, gn- S-bu 'a/e' : A-ing--a, A-bng--a, A-h--a, pinn--a, thu--a, bu--a, tinn--e, kim--e, sue (ts- a/e 2

(1) Li-gun Ln ji t-sing sing-uah tiong s-ing Ti-un Bn-lm-g, tsham b tsi Hu-g, Ji t-g (gu-li-g), g, m pau-kuah t-tsn gun-ts-bn kok-khah

Pah-uat g, Tiong-kok li k-ti kuann-u h-thng tng-tng. 1935 n, Koeh It-tsiu huat-piu H-l-u , s-li hng-ing s hin-sing

'ku-tng-ku' , m -kun i li k-s iah-s king-s kak-to khunn, lng s n-ni. bak-khu-mi-a lo-lai-ba a-bu-kha-lo n-tsing siau-tse kh-moo bi tsi t-ku g-s, -king tsin oh-tit tshu tioh i g-gun. (2) S-tu S-thu 'a' : a-kong, a-m, A-lng, A-ing, a-si, a-tok-

a a e e e ( a/e ) () (3) AAB sih-sih phng-phng chhing-chhing (B ) ABB ling-ling (A ) bin-bong mi-mo pi-pa li-si li-si lng-sng AB ABAB() AB AABB AAA (4) ()+(/ )

siann-tiu pin-hu, tse s si tsin pin-tiu) S-kham '' : ang--bo, sann--kho (png-liat) (3) Thah-s AAB : m-m-hu, inn-inn-pue, sih-sih-tsn, phng-phng-ing, tshing-tshing kn (B s tng-s)

ABB : ng-k-k, peh-phau-phau, oo-khm-khm, tshenn-ling-ling, tinn-but-but, kim-tok-tok, huinn-p-p (A s hng-ing-s) thah siann-b: m-bin-bong, tshu-mi-mo, sn-pi-pa thah-n-b: poh-li-si, kut-li-si, ting long-sng AB ABAB : h-s () h-s AB AABB : huann-huann-h-h AAA : tshing-tshing-tshing, peh-peh-peh (4) Ts-u Ts-g (bng-s) + u-g (tng-s/ hng-ing-s) t-tng, hong-tshue, b-phang, s-tu, thinn-kng, sim-sik, bn-si k3

(5) ()+() (6) ()+(/ ) (7) () () () () () () () () () () () (8)

(5) Sut-pin Sut-g( tng-s)+pin-g(bng-s) kh-k, t-b, ki-to, thong-hong, tah-sim, tshak-bak, phunn-tshi, huan-thu (6) Sut-po Sut-g(tng-s)+po-g(tng-s/ hng-ing-s) thiann-b, kng liu, khunn-phu, tshut-li, ji p-kh, thu-khui, tshun-tng, khunn-ting, that-tnn (7) Png-liat Kng-g png-liat tsai-eh, tsnn-gn, (bng-s) p-phng, tshiau tshu, (tng-s) tim-tsng, ing-kinn, (hng-ing-s) tian-t, lng-tsng(h-s) Li-g png-liat unn-t, tho tsi, (bng-s) tsu-sim, tsiah-tshng, (tng-s) i-si, l-pin, (hng-ing-s) Hun-g png-liat kha-tshi, kong-m, (bng-s) ng-hu, su-inn, (tng-s) kun-k, tu-s, (hng-ing-s) ke-kim, ts-bn(h-s) (8) Ki-pn g-s Gn- sing-uah sing ng--tioh g-s, tshin-tshinn sing-khu po-hn,4

[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] (9) : () ( ) / / /

thng- mi, hak-hu i-lok siat-si tng-tng. Lu-su i sing lin kang-hu.

(9) Sin g-s T Ti-un, Ti-un Bn-lm-g tsh-kng s: king-s tsok-kn, jiok-s g-gin. in-i b huat-tng t-i, ka-sing tsh-go g-gin tsng-tshik (tok-tsun Hu-g) kah tsh-go g-gin s-ing kuan-lim (b-g t tsh-li kng t h, tu-lng tshian-tsi gn-), t-s Ti-un Bn-lm-g g-s li-sit sok-to tsinn kn. Ln n tsai-inn khah tsng-khak g-s ing-huat, t tsn-ling ing khah tsng-khak g-s, tshin-tshinn 'si-tsi/i-ng' , tng-tng. M i sinn huat-to tsh-l sin 5

's n-tsunn/

u-sm-mi h' , 'si-tshia/khui-tshia' ,

[/] [] (10) vs vs ()/()/() (11) (1566 ) [] 2.5 ( ) 2007

g-s. -si Hn-j ng Ti-g huat-im, ti t-tsiap s-ing gu-li-g, tsiu -s huan-i k, tsng-s i king-ku s-kan kh-gim. suann-ki / khing-ki B-kok kuah-pau / Hm-bah-kap (10) Gn- khah thak m -tioh -- gn- vs n- kim-kim vs kin-kin ap- / at chhi-p / ak-chu (10) Hn-j su-si ng Hn-j su-si s-pah gu tang li k-s. (1566 lm-kun h-bn) Hn-j s-ing, -tng pho-pho- hun ts pn-j, tsioh im, tsioh , pn-tho-j s li. an tsiah-n kha (kioh) tshu Tsi t Hn-j png-kin nng huat-im, sing-ng-j png-kin 2.5 . (kau-phu) In-i b phiau-tsn-hu, so- tak-ke si-huat b it-t. Ku-iok-po u 2007 n khai-s kong-po Ti-un Bn-lm-g tshui-tsin j-s.

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http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/300iongji_960523.pdf http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/100iongji_970501.pdf

Ti-un Bn-lm-g It-puann G-huatA (adjective) C (complement) N (noun) O (object) P (preposition phrase) S (subject) T (theme) V (verb) SA (+) / SN (+) / SPA (++ ) / / SPVC (++ +) / / / SPVO (++ +) hng-ing-s po-g bng-s si-s ki-s-tsoo ts-s ts-t tng-s SA ( ts-s+ hng-ing-s) I / tsin ko-tsui. Ln kah Ing-bn b kng, ln tsi t k u -si b tng-s. SN (ts-s+ bng-s) Tsi t kun / j-tsap khoo. SPA ( ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+ hng-ing-s ) Gn tau / l hak-hu / b gu hng. SPVC (ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+ tng-s+ po-g) I / kh hak-hu/ sing-kh/ kui-kang SPVO (ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+ tng-s+si-s)7

/ / / SV (+) / SVC (++) / / SVO (++) / / SVOC (++ +) /// SVOO (++ +) /// TSA ( + + ) / / TSPV (++ +) // / TSV (++) / / TSVC (++ +) /// TSVO (++ +) /// 8

L/ t tsia/ tn/ --gu. SV (ts-s+ tng-s) Gu/ li-kh. SVC (ts-s+ tng-s + po-g) I/ tsu/ tsin kn. SVO (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s) Gu/ b/ sann pn tsu. SVOC (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s+ po-g) Tak-ke/ ki/ i/ Tu-thu-bng. SVOO (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s+ si-s) Gu/ sng/ i/ tsi t pn tsu. TSA ( ts-t+ ts-s+ hng-ing-s ) Tsi-kh/ thinn-kh/ tsin h. TSPV (ts-t+ ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo + tng-s) L tsng-hng,/ gu/ tsiah k i/ ki-sueh. TSV (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s) Tsa-hng/ i/ li. TSVC (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s + po-g) Hit-kang/ i/ tu/ t gu-khu. TSVO (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s + si-s) Kin--ji t / gu/ siu-tioh/ tsi t tiunn phe.

TSVOC(++ ++) // / / TSVOO( + + ++) //// TVC (++) / / TVO (++) / /

TSVOC(ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s + si-s + po-g) Tsi-kh,/ ma-ma/ ki/ gu/ kh bu mi h-kinn. TSVOO(ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s + si-s + si-s) Hit kang / gu/ sng/ i/ tsi t pn tsu. TVC(ts-t+ tng-s + po-g) tsit king tim/ tsong-hng/ kah tsinn su. TVO (ts-t+ tng-s + si-s) Thak-tsu/ thang tit-tioh/ t-sik.

Ti-un Bn-lm-g Ti k-piat G-huat ? ? ? K L kh k tsit pak to ku --kh-li. Beh , m (*) L beh b m ? Teh , teh-beh I teh thak-chu. I teh-beh li a.9

, b Kin--jit h b ? S , m -s (*) Tsit ki pit s l m -s?

? a

, b I -hiu kng Ji t-pn-u, gu b-hiu kng. Tioh , bin Tsit hng khang-khu tioh kn ts iah-s bin ts? Thang, m -thang Kin--ji t m -thang kh, m--tsi tsiah thang kh. Ki, ho Ki i ts. Ho gu li. In-u, so- In-u ho li, so- b kh. Sui-jin, m -koh Sui-jin tse khah ki, m -koh khah h ing. N, n-si Tsit tng b- n tsiah-n su. N-si ts tshia kh, kn-kn-a ni. T/tsi, tsiah Sg khah siok gu tsiah beh b, n b gu tsi m b.

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Po-tshiong Pu-kng T-sik kah Th-ln 6000 tshun[] 600 (UNESCO) 2 21 2000 2008 [] 70% (70%)(45%) (12%)(4%) (2%)(2%) Tsun-s-ki bok-tsin ti-khi 6000 tsing g-gin, m -koh, k-s ln b khah tsik-ki k tsok-u, koo-k tsi t-pah tang u, kan-na tshun 600 tsing g-gin. Lin-hap-kok Ku-kho-bn tsoo-tsit ( UNESCO ) tng mu n j-gueh j-tsap-it h ts S-ki b-g-ji t, u 2000 n khai-s si t-si, koh tng 2008 n ts s-ki g-gin n, th-tshnn tak-ke khunn-ting ka-k g-gin. Tsin-ts sian-tsn kok-ka lng puah king-hu, tshinn-ki s-ki sing teh-beh tsuat-tsng g-gin. Tu-to- so g-gin hak-ka jm-u, g-gin to-innsng kah sing-but to-inn-sng pnn- iu-kn. Tsi t- g-gin, n b kuann-hong tsi-tsh, su-iu 70% s-ing jn-khu, tsiah -tng ke-siok uah loh-kh. S-ki sing g-gin, n ing g-gin jn-khu li pi-mi, Bn-ln-g s-tshing lak-pah ga bn lng, pi t j-tsap-it mi, ts-iu hun-po t Ti-an (70%), Sin-ka-pho (45%), M-li-se-a (12%) Bn-li (4%), Tiong-kok (2%), Thi-kok (2%), Hui-lut-pin (1%), n-n (0.3%).11

(1%)(0.3%) 2005 70% 50% 2003 Welsh[] 29

Pah-hun-p piu-s Bn-lm-g t tsit- kok-ka li g-gin jn-khu p-l, tse s 2005 n thng-k tsu-liu. T Ti-un, b-g s Bn-lm-g jn-khu tsim 70%, m -koh, si t-ts tiu-tsa huat-hin, s-ing Bn-lm-g p-l s 50%, tse s gu-ki . 2003 n, Kheh-u-hu ts-u Iap Kiok-ln kng : Bn-lm-g ku-h, Kheh-u kip-tsn, Gan-ts-bn g sng-ji p ka-ho pnn-png. Gun-ts-bn g Gun-bn-hu tsitsh, Kheh-u Kheh-u-hu tsi-tsh, bok-tsin tsng-hng, kong-po-mng tu-ji p Bn-lm-g p-l s sing tsi . Tsit ku-n li s-ki sing g-gin hok-hing ts liu khah h , si Welsh g kah Ti-an Kheh-u ( s-ki sing, Kheh-u s-ing jn-khu sann-tshing s-pah gu lng, pi t j-tsap-ku mi ).

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Hu-g, Ti-un Bn-lm-g tu-ng kap tsun-unn

Inn n-gin

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. () 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. () 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. phng tsh

kunn kunn () sin thng thng hunn --a peh tsinn li-li iu13

25. (hng) 26. () 27. 28. () 29. 30. () 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. nih; nih khap kah tah-tah-tah;~ kah -- h-h-leh, sinn-pue phut-liu-siu; kah n leh

40. 41. hun hun 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. () ---- () ()peh 14

50. 51. 52. 53. () 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. li-li-lak-lak

to bok-bok s liap-kinn-kinn -- ()() tshing t l-si() gu teh hit-l hit-l ng-tsg tak-tak 15

76.

to-tng uat

77.

78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. () 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. (tsinn) (ki ) ()tsinn liam tsinn (iu)() hun-s () () sun

: http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/chuliau/kauchai/POJ/HT/HT.asp16

Tsi t-ku Hu-Ti tu-ng kui-lut p vs po

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

(1) (5) (2) (3) (7)

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Tsham-kh tsu-liu: bng-lo tsu-gun kap tin-nu su-ji p

Sunn-tng Ti-un Bn-lm-g tsu-gun siu-ki tsong-hap bng-tsm http://tailo.fhl.net http://taigu.fhl.net http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw http://www.nlcsearch.moe.gov.tw/EDMS/admin/dict4/ s-tin li http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/tw/index.htm http://taigi.fhl.net/dict/ / http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/q http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/jitian/ http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/concordance ku-hak li http://140.111.34.116/e9617_epaper/learning.aspx?classify_sn =218

http://taigi.fhl.net

http://ws2.chkops.kh.edu.tw/newholo/learn_3/index.htm http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/TGLMJ/index.htm http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/chuliau/ http://www1.nttu.edu.tw/tws/ http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/MTFamily/MTFamily.htm http://taigu.eic.nctu.edu.tw/ http://140.122.80.250/lkh/ http://www2.twl.ncku.edu.tw/~uibun/ http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/hakkhiam/hakkhiam.asp k-tha Wiki http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://taigi.fhl.net/ht/ http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/memory/TGB/mowt.asp http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/nmtl/dadwt/pbk.asp http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/chhiokhe/chhiokhe.asp http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/chu/kiamsngtiN/kiamsngtiN.a sp http://taigi.fhl.net/list.html http://www.edu.tw/files/bulletin/M0001/300iongji_960523.pdf19

http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/100iongji_970501.p df OK http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/minkalaok_970501. pdf http://blog.xuite.net/khoguan/blog http://blog.roodo.com/senghian

ch/chh oa/oe ts/tsh ua/ue

So siu-ki bng-lo tsu-gun, tsi t-ku s Ku-hu L-m-j (Peh-u-j), i tsi t-pah peh-tsap tang li k-s, so- lu tsin ts bn-hin loh-li. Ti-l kah Peh-u-j b tshiong-tut, m -koh tsi t-ku so-tsi b kng. -h liat-tshut tsha- so-tsi. eng/ek o nn

ing/ik

oo

Ti-l j-hngCharis SIL Doulos SIL DejaVu Gentium Taigi Unicode http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSIL_download http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSIL_download http://dejavu-fonts.org http://scripts.sil.org/Gentium_download http://taigi.fhl.net/TP/taigi_unicode_font.htm

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Sn-bng-i Ti-g-bn su-ji p-huathttp://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ XP/Vista

Sing bu beh po-tshiong kan-na in in Kok-u lu-su s t-it sunn ku-hak kang-tsok-tsi, beh n-tsunn ho haksing oh liu tsh-b, siong-sn tak-ke lng tsin hong-h king-gim. Gu kan-na sinn-beh hun-hing ku tim gu -kin: Beh k tsi t-tsing g-gin, t i ng hit- g-gin sing-kh, so- k Bn-lmg s-tsn tshinn ng Bn-lm-g singkh, tshian-bn m -thang ng Hu-g. ng Hu-g k Ing-g, Ing-g tsuat-tu oh b h, tse s kng-khun t-l. Tsi t-khun g-gin beh oh h, tsi t l-pi i s-tim-tsing, bok-tsin s-so pun-phu, hu-k tsuat-tu tsin i-hn. Kin-g tak-ke l-ing k-tha kh-tng k-siok kng Bn-lm-g, ke oh tsi t-khun g-gin t ke ts tsi t-hng sing-l, m bin kiann gn- thiann b, ke ho in ki-hu21

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thiann, in tian-t -tng p-ku b kng g-gin tsha-, pang-tsn g-gin hak-si p. Tsu-u tsi t tim, kok-u lu-su beh k Hu-g iah-s Ing-g tsn-tsng, lng siu ku tsiok-giah ku-iok hak-hun kah ku-hak hong-huat; beh k Bn-lm-g, 36 tim-tsing gin-si p (siong-tong nng hak-hun) tsuat-tu b-ku, hi-bng kok-u lu-su, l-ing -tng n-ing s-kan, k-siok tsham- siong-koan gin-si p. Ln n pn-tho-hu, tsiah tsi-tiu kng kok-ts-hu.

Khin-sang tsi t- 40 hinn-tng-hinn a a knn hoonnh? To-ku--h king-beh 40 hu loh, iu-koh s tsi t l-hn-kha- hinn-tnghinn, sann phu b lng po, b bo tsin kan-kho. I tsinn sinn-beh khah kn tshu tsi t bo, t kh Lok-kng tsh--bu tshu hm -lng --a th i an-pi sing-tshin ti-ts. Hm -lng---a mng to-ku--h kng: L ku tsit- hu-thu iu-bu tshu-bo, knn s sm-mih phinn si p-kun hoonnh? B lah, b lah! To-ku--h kunn-kn t hu-tap. L tsiah-hun iah-s po pin-nng22

toh ki a a lim puah-kiu Lim puah-kiu

--b? Gu n thiann lng kng-tioh tsiah-hun hu t toh, ah n po pin-nng, thong-lng lng m tsai-inn he s ki m h ti-ts! To-ku--h n liu tsinn su-tshi. n-ni gu t khah hng-sim a! Hm -lng---a thiann liu tsinn huann-h, t su loh-kh mng kng: Ah l i lim sio-tsi --b? kah lng kh puah-kiu --b? To-ku--h tsin kn t n kng: Lim sio-tsi gu t lng b po leh, ah n thiann lng kng-tioh puah-kiu gu t kh!

Inn n-gin kn-ki / 1987 1992 Bok-tsin s Ti-hn ki-sut hak-nn Tsu-sn kang-tng-h tso-l ku-si, Ti-ti Tsu-sn kang-tng-so phok-s. Gin-ki hong-hing s Ti-g-bn tsu-sn tsh-l ki-sut. Ti-un L-m-j hiap-hu l-s / Hua-lin hun-hu-tinn, Ti-un Tang-si Hua-lin si-un, K-sg g-gin hak-hu hu-un. U 1987 n khai-s tsu Ti-g-bn khang-kh, 1992 n ts-pian Ti-g23

1995 2000 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 Google

hak-sing tsap-ts, 1995 n ts-pian Tig tsit-tiu lo -- Ti-bn kang-tsok-tsi hng-tm-liok, 2000 n khai-huat Ti-g Hu-g sunn-tng s-tin, 2003 n khai-huat Ti-g-bn g-s kim-sik hthng, 2005 n khai-huat Ti-g pin-tiu tsh-l h-thng, 2006 n khai-huat Ti-g-bn so-u tin-tsng tsu-liu-kho h-thng (kok-ka Ti-un bn-hak-kun ), 2007 n khai-huat Ti-g-bn k-ik hthng, tit-tioh tsun-kok Bn-lm-g phing-im kng-si si-hu-tsoo t-it mi, 2008 n tit-tioh Ku-iok-po thui-tin bg k-jn kiat-tshut kng-hin-tsing, tspian Ti-g-bn n-tng hng-tm kah s-liu lu-pian (Kok-s-kun tshut-pn ). In-u gu tu t Hua-lin, kok-u lu-su t Bn-lm-g ku-hak k-tng tiong n t-tioh sm-mih bn-tu, gu tsin gun- tsn gu li k-ling th-kiong hiap-tso. K-tha tsh-b beh liu-ki , tshinn kh bng-lo tng ng Google tshiau khunn-mi.

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