taia cxadaia, darejan kvanwiani, nana kucia, tamar ronraze...

qarTuli ena

da

literatura

moswavlis wigni

, ,meridiani’’

12

Taia cxadaia, darejan kvanWiani, nana kucia,Tamar RonRaZe, nana RonRaZe

gamomcemloba `meridiani~Tbilisi 2012

moswavlis wigni

qarTuli enada

literatura

12


qarTuli ena da literatura

XII klasi

moswavlis wigni


avtorebi:

nino Toduaredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

ISBN

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

© T. cxadaia, d. kvanWiani, n. kucia, T. RonRaZe, n. RonRaZe

T. Tskhadaia, D. Kvanchiani, N. Kutsia, T. Ghonghadze, N. Ghonghadze„Georgian language and literature~, textbook grade 12, in Georgian „Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 2 30-96-14; 2 14-77-11

599 541 707 kaxaber rusiZe

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

4

sarCevi

daviT kldiaSvilisamaniSvilis dedinacvali ............................................................................................9

riunoske akutagavarasiomonis karibWe ..........................................................................................................30

servantesidon kixoti .............................................................................................................................36

mixeil javaxiSvilijayos xiznebi ........................................................................................................................49

riunoske akutagavaxina Tojinebi .......................................................................................................................85

uiliam Seqspirisoneti 66 .................................................................................................................................94

polikarpe kakabaZeyvaryvare TuTaberi...........................................................................................................96

niko lorTqifaniZeSelocva radioTi ...............................................................................................................127

Sarl bodleriTroba ........................................................................................................................................167

eduard heiliusamSoblo kaci ...................................................................................................................169

galaktion tabiZeTovli .......................................................................................................................................194

hiugoZen daideZiniiaponuri poeziidan ..........................................................................................................198

galaktion tabiZemTawmindis mTvare ..............................................................................................................198

stefan malarmegedi ............................................................................................................................................203mSobliuri efemera ...........................................................................................................204

galaktion tabiZeSerigeba ...................................................................................................................................207

horaciusipoeturi xelovneba ...........................................................................................................209

galaktion tabiZeme da Rame .................................................................................................................................211silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi ......................................................................................214qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas ................................................................................................217

tomas sternz eliotklde ..........................................................................................................................................220

konstantine gamsaxurdiadidostatis konstantines marjvena ........................................................................225

nugzar SataiZesveticxoveli .......................................................................................................................250

manana CitiSvilisaRamo jvris monasterTan ...........................................................................................250

givi gegeWkoriistoriuli saxelebiT Troba ......................................................................................251

tician tabiZeleqsi mewyeri ........................................................................................................................257

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boris pasternaki* * *(mcdonoda mainc) ........................................................................................................261

tician tabiZeananurTan ...............................................................................................................................262

paolo iaSviliunda ayvavdes male qviSnebi ..........................................................................................268

giiom apolinerimirabos xidi ........................................................................................................................271

giorgi leoniZeyivCaRis paemani ...................................................................................................................276

Semomeyara yivCaRi (xalxuri) ..............................................................................................277goderZi Coxeli

me da yivCaRi ..........................................................................................................................282manana CitiSvili

yivCaRis kidev erTi gaxseneba ......................................................................................282nunu janeliZe

me da yivCaRi ..........................................................................................................................283giorgi leoniZe

ninowmidis Rame ...................................................................................................................285guram rCeuliSvili

alaverdoba ............................................................................................................................290iohan volfgang goeTe

fausti (amonaridi) ............................................................................................................302tician tabiZe

alaverdoba ............................................................................................................................303giorgi leoniZe

gomboridan ............................................................................................................................304ana kalandaZe

mas, alaverdis didebul taZars .................................................................................304mkvdarTa mze var .................................................................................................................307

miqelanjelo buonarotisoneti .......................................................................................................................................311

nikolai rerixivixilavT ..................................................................................................................................312

jemal qarCxaZeigi ...............................................................................................................................................314

franc kafkaRamiT .........................................................................................................................................343gilgameSiani (Suamdinaruli eposi) .........................................................................344

guram doCanaSvilikaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda .....................................................346

uolt uitmenimegobaro, es ar aris wigni .............................................................................................377

xorxe luis borxesikedeli da wignebi ...............................................................................................................378

adelain virjinia vulfirogor wavikiTxoT wigni? ...............................................................................................381

literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebi .....................................................................................386

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am rubrikaSi gaecnobiT Seswavlil masalasTan dakavSirebul damatebiT informacias.

gulisxmobs enobrivi xasiaTis savarjiSoebs.

es simbolo moswavleebs mianiSnebs, damoukideblad Seadginon (SeTxzan) miTiTebuli teqsti.

am simboloTi aRniSnulia `sadiskusio klubi~, romlis mizania, moswavleTa mier sakuTari mosazrebebis gamoTqma da argumentireba.

pirobiTi niSnebi:

wigniT muSaobisas yuradReba miaqcieT Semdeg pirobiT niSnebs:

am pirobiTi niSnebiT aRniSnulia sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebi, romlebic da-lagebulia TanmimdevrobiT da dagexmarebaT wakiTxuli teqstis gaanalizebaSi.

es sainteresoa:

am rubrikiT moswavleebi gaecnobian amonaridebs cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan.

gavigoT, gaviazroT, SevafasoT:

teqstis mxatvruli analizisTvis:

davaleba

Tvalsazrisi

werisa da metyvelebis kultura:

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daviT kldiaSvili (1864 _ 1931)

`siTbo, siyvaruli Tan axlda Cems literaturul Sromas. arasodes dahklebia igi da amitom Cem mier ganvlili litera-turuli gza bednier gzad mimaCnia~.

daviT kldiaSvili

`daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebis moyola ar SeiZleba iseve, rogorc yvela namdvili mwerlis moTxrobisa. jer bo-lomde ar gangvicdia misi Semoqmedebis qveteqstis poezia~.

Tamaz WilaZe

`TiTqos TviTon istoria wers kldiaSvilis xeliT~... tician tabiZe

`garemoeba aRviZebs rogorc cuds, ise kargs mxares adamianis bunebisas. us-argebloa adamianis ise sinjva, TiTqos igi iyos damTavrebuli tipi~, _ werda daviT kldiaSvili.

nawarmoebebi, ZiriTadad, me-19 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Seqmna mweralma, ma-gram es avtori iTvleba meoce aswleulis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erT me-saZirkvled. misi Semoqmedebis umTavresi Tema igivea, rac Tema servantesis, dikensis, gogolis, buninisa _ `b e d i w a r m a v a l T a~.

Temas ganavrcobs sulieri memkvidre daviT kldiaSvilisa _ niko lorTqi-faniZe.

Txrobis kldiaSviliseul stils `cremlnarev sicilad~ gansazRvraven. kita abaSiZe wers: `daviT kldiaSvili poetia, soflis dacarielebis sevdiT aRmweri, qalaqis gabatonebis sevdiT aRmniSnavi~.

daviT kldiaSvili werda avtobiografiis SesavalSi: `naSroms vuZRvni maT xsovnas, vinc guli siyvaruliT gamiTbo, maswavla adamianTa pativiscema da ndoba. mokle monagonebSi araferi Seferadebuli ar iqneba, mxolod s i n a m d -v i l e , sinamdvile, romelsac ganuxrelad vemsaxurebodi mTeli Cemi mwerlo-bis ganmavlobaSi~.

kldiaSvilma avtobiografias `Cemi cxovrebis gzaze~ uwoda. Txzuleba ara mxolod Tavad mwerlis cxovrebas aRwers, aramed _ saqarTvelos yofas XIX_XXs.s. mijnasa da meoce aswleulis pirvel wlebSi.

kldiaSvilTa winaprebi _ mesxeTis mkvidri SalikaSvilebi _ meomrebi da diplomatebi yofilan.

daviTi daibada 1864 wlis 29 agvistos (11 seqtembers). deda _ kesaria _ SeZlebuli xomuleli (wyaltubos r-ni) aznauris, niko

RoRoberiZis erTaderTi asuli iyo. papas Zalze hyvarebia SviliSvili. ruseTSi ganaTlebamiRebuls alersiT dascinoda, rusoo.

mama _ samsoni _ Terjolis raionis sofel simoneTis mkvidri, Raribi azn-auris memkvidre, adre daoblebuli, aRuzrdia mezobels, uSvilo daTika gior-gaZes, romelsac bavSvisaTvis namdvili mamoba gauwevia.

samsons orklasiani saswavlebeli daumTavrebia quTaisSi, samazro sam-marTveloSi gadamwerad dauwyia muSaoba, ulamazesi xelrTva (kaligrafia) hqo-nia.

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mamobilma aCuqa samsons samosaxlo miwa, sayane, saqoneli, augo saxli. sam-soni quTaisSi msaxurobda, mis ojaxs ki simoneTSi daTika giorgaZe uvlida. mogvianebiT daviT kldiaSvilma daTika `soflis mSvenebad~ monaTla.

sofelSi yvelas uyvarda saTno kesaria, deda daviTisa. es siyvaruli bavS-vzec gadaitanes Tanasoflelebma.

wera-kiTxva yrmas dedisagan uswavlia, rusulSi quTaisSi, `lekar~ (rus. eqimi)ivanovis ojaxSi gawafula.

patara daviTi swavlobda mrevlovis mosamzadebel saswavlebelSi. saRv-To sjulis umkacresi maswavlebeli, zebedovi, moswavleebs saxazaviT scemda (araferi Secvliliyo akakis gimnazistobis Jamidan).

`yovel wlobiT mTavrobas mihyavda Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebidan Tavad-aznaurTa 40-40 bavSvi samxedro saswavlebelSi, im mizniT, rom gaeruse-binaT da kidevac mizans aRwevda xolme, radgan ruseTSi samSoblos mowyvetili bavSvi iviwyebda qarTul enas, znes. dabrundeboda qarTuli gvariT, magram er-Tianad, Tavidan fexebamde garusebuli. Tavadaznauroba didi xalisiT aZlevda bavSvebs mTavrobas, radgan is zrdida Tavis xarjze~.

daviTi, sxva moswavleebTan erTad, gemiT CauyvaniaT odesaSi, iqidan _ kievs, ganuwesebiaT miliutinis samxedro gimnaziaSi. gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT ig-onebs mwerali maswavlebel esikorskis, romelsac qarTveli bavSvebi Sin mi-hyavda, mSoblebis siTbos iqnebian danatrulnio. sZulda pedagogi kurbatovi, romelic qarTvelebs, uZveles qristianebs, `tatarCukebs~ eZaxda.

1875 w. ardadegebze soflad Camosuli TerTmeti wlis daviTi qarTulad veRar saubrobda. mezobels uxumria, dasamunjeblad raRa ruseTs agzavnid-iT, aqve dagemwyvdiaT oTaxSio. ucxoeTs mimavals akaki gaxumrebia, garusebis `dasaTaveblad~ midixaro. kievs dabrunebuls qarTuli wignebis kiTxviT mou-brunebia suli...

1880 w. kievis gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg, swavla ganagrZo moskovis samxedro saswavlebelSi, kvlav saxelmwifo xarjze, radgan gimnazia `pirveli xarisxiT~ hqonda damTavrebuli.

problemebi Seeqmna xelmZRvanelobasTan, radgan generali samoxvalovi ver itanda kievis saswavleblis kursdamTavrebulebs. moskovis akademia 1882w. daamTavra daviT kldiaSvilma, baTumSi gaanawiles. samsaxuri podporuCikis CiniT daiwyo.

imxanad aWaraSi aRmSenebloba mimdinareobda: igeboda rotSildis navTis qarxnis Senobebi, gahyavdaT Tbilisi-baTumis rkinigza, Sendeboda Caisa da mandarinis plantaciebi... magram es yvelaferi `xdeboda mkvidri mosaxleobis uflebebis SelaxviT... imperiis mizani iyo sanapiro zolis rusebiT dasaxleba. oci versis manZilze, maxinjauridan qobuleTamdis gaSenebul agarakTa Soris erTaderTi ekuTvnoda qarTvels.

daviTi xSirad stumrobda qalaqis policmaisteris, durmiSxan Jurulis, meuRlis salons, sadac Tavs iyrida baTumis aristokratia. qeTevan Juruls dedaSvilurad usayvedurebia daviTisaTvis qarTuli enis daviwyeba. rodesac salonSi giorgi erisTavis `gayras~ dgamdnen, qeTevani calke, damatebiT ameca-dinebda Turme daviTs.

germaneli resleri bulvars aSenebda qviSaze, baTumSi. soflebi carieldeboda, yvela qalaqs etaneboda, qarxnebSi muSaoba `eoc-

nebebodaT~ guSindel glexebs (saarsebo saxsris mosapoveblad). cxare kamaTi gaimarTa amis gamo iliasa da noe Jordanias Soris. ukanaskne-

li miesalmeboda soflis dacarielebas, qalaqis rolis zrdas, ilias ki, eris upirveles Wirisufals, es yovelive qveynisaTvis damRupvelad miaCnda.

baTumis olqis ufrosma, slavoCinskim, uamravi rusi Camoasaxla, magram Ca-

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mosaxlebulTa umravlesoba ciebam imsxverpla. `gorodokSi~ araruss dasax-lebis ufleba ar hqonda. dokerTa artelSic samuSaod mxolod ruseTidan gad-mosaxlebulT iwvevdnen. .

qarTvelebs mtrobdnen `Cernomorski vestnikis~ redaqtori palmi, rot-Sildis navTis qarxnis direqtori zrdilovski.

muSaTa gamosvlebis CamxSobad gangeb niSnavdnen daviT kldiaSvils, qarTv-els, raTa ukanaskneli SarSi gaxveuliyo. muSebi daviTs Tavisianad aRiqvamdnen da, misi morigeobis dReebSi, gangeb dumdnen. rodesac erTxel demonstrantTa daxvreta ubrZanes, kldiaSvilma uari ganacxada, `me jer sindisis xmas vusmen da mxolod Semdeg _ ugunur brZanebebso~.

axali mefisnacvlis, voroncov-daSkovis moadgile, qarTvelTmoZule gri-aznovi daviTs àrakeTilsaimedoobis~ gamo daRestanSi (deSlagarSi) upirebda gadasrolas, magram ar dascalda _ guriis damrbevi arsena jorjiaSvilma mok-la (griaznovis gegmiT, 20 000 kazaks kavkasiaSi `wesrigi unda daemyarebina~).

Tanapolkel ivanickisTan konfliqtis gamo daviT kldiaSvilma samxedro samsaxurs Tavi aneba, simoneTSi dabrunda.

mSobliur sofels ìmereTis sataxtos~ eZaxda. muSaobda quTaisis qalaqis sabWoSi.

daviT kldiaSvils saqarTvelos saxalxo mwerlis wodeba mianiWes. xandazmuls mexsiereba warTmevia. rodesac erT-erTi moTxrobis pasaJi

waukiTxes, Tavisi Txzuleba veRarc ucnia. uTqvams, ùcnouri ambaviao~.gardaicvala simoneTSi, 1931 wlis 24 aprils. ambobda Turme, sikvdili Sin

mijobso. dakrZalulia mTawmindaze.

I bekina samaniSvili, rasakvirvelia, Raribi aznauri iyo, gvariani Raribic.

aba, ra simdidres moaswavebda is ocdaaTi uremi simindi, ormoci Cafi Rvino da aTiode baTmani lobio, mis mamuls rom Semohqonda da riTac Tavs irCenda wli-dan-wlamdis bekinas ojaxi. magram bekinas ki Tavisi Tavi mdidrebSi mohqonda da vin iqneboda, rom Tavis siRaribeze erTi sityva wamoecdevinebina bekinasTvis? rogorc imereTSi amboben, erTob gadapranWuli iyo Cveni bekina.

roca SinaurobaSiac laparaks gaabamda bekina Tavis gamoulevel sarCoze, Ronier lukmaze, misi erTaderTi colSviliani vaJiSvili platoni, Tumca tra-baxobad miaCnda moxucebuli mamis aseTi sityva, mainc aras eubneboda sawi-naaRmdegos da mxolod pirjvris gamosaxviT ityoda xolme:

amazedac gmadlob, ufalo! amazedac gmadlob, ufalo! am wamoZaxiliT platoni Tavis guliTad madlobas ucxadebda zecier mamas,

rom Semcilebeli aravin gauCina mas Rarib lukmaSi. Tavis cotazedac kmayo-fili, am Tavis mcirediTac bednieri, igi gulmodginebiT urtyamda Toxs miwas da ojaxSi sruli kmayofileba sufevda.

Tu ram sawyenad hqonda am ojaxs, es iyo platonis colis melanos xSiri Svilosnoba. yovel saojaxo saqmeSi marjve melanom SvilosnobaSiac ar daagdo

daviT kldiaSvili

samaniSvilis dedinacvali

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Tavisi simarjve da sul mokle xanSi oTxi Svili SesZina ojaxs. xSirad uxumria amaze rZlisaTvis bekinas da uTqvams RimiliT:

_ Se qalo, zog saqmeSi simarjve margebeli ki ara, mavnebelicaa... e Seni qmari Seibrale, Se kargo qalo! _ da amasTan bekina gulianad gadixarxarebda xolme.

_ araferia... SiSs gulSi nu SouSob... RmerTi mowyalea, Tavis gaCenils umowyalod ar daagdebs, venacvale mis Zlierebas, yorifeli misi nebaa. albaT, surs, rom samaniSvilebi moamravlos. masac qveynad mxolod rCeulebi unda rom hyavdes! xa, xa, xa!..

arc platons hqonda sasiamovnod, rasakvirvelia, bevri Svili, magram ras izamda, mxolod Tavs gaaqnevda, roca maT Tvals gadaavlebda xolme.

am garemoebis garda sxvebr swored bednierad sTvlidnen samaniSvilebi Ta-vianT Tavs. droebam ise moitana, rom maTi mcire qonebac ki simdidred iTvle-boda, da mis mqonebels ara Tu akmayofilebda, aramed bednierad agrZnobinebda TavisTavs da madlobas warmoaTqmevinebda uflisadmi.

ra SesaSurebeli unda yofiliyo ase cotaze damyarebuli kmayofileba da bedniereba?! ra saxarbielo unda yofiliyo kacis mouTxovnelobiT mopove-buli gulis simSvide?! magram bedniereba, ragvaric unda iyos, vis SerCenia bolomdis, rom samaniSvilisas fexi moedga mWidrod? an ki ra safiqrebeli iyo, rom ase cotaTi Semotyuebuli bedniereba isev cota mizeziTve xelidan ar gamoeclebodaT, sust safuZvelze damyarebuli kmayofileba ar moespobodaT!.. ubedurebis dasawyisad bedma mouspo dRe sawyal marikas, bekinas cols.

dedis sikvdili TavisTavadac mware iyo SvilisaTvis, rom sxvafrivac sam-wuxaro ar yofiliyo. bekina metad Warmagi moxucebuli iyo da amis gamo saSi-Sari iyo, ucnauri survili meore colis SerTvisa gulSi ar gavleboda. ded-inacvlis danaxvis SiSi da dedinacvalTan ”Tan-momyolisa” Tavzarsa scemda aqamdis guldamSvidebiT mcxovrebel aznaurs. ai, maSin iqneboda swored ”Zma ZmisTviso _ Savi dRisTviso”.

colmac da qmarmac gaaorkeces moxucebuli mamis pativiscema da movla; oriveni gafacicebiT Tavs dastrialebdnen daqvrivebul bekinas da Tavga-modebiT emsaxurebodnen, TvalSi Sehyurebdnen, rom yovel mis survilsa da sawadels misgan gamoTqmamdis mimxvdariyvnen da imwamsve aesrulebinaT. erTi sityviT, platonic da melanoc dRedaRam imis mecadineobaSi iyvnen, rom mox-ucebulis guli moegoT da TavianTi Tavi SeeyvarebinaT, rac SeiZleboda, metad. amaSi kidevac miaRwies Tavis wadils. bekina didad afasebda rZal-Svilisagan yuradRebas, metad madlieri iyo maTi da gulaCvilebuli, kidevac ityoda xol-me maTTanac da sxvebTanac:

_ eh, erTi Cems marikasac dascloda amisTana yofna, amaTTana RvTisnieri Svilebis mzera! hei, hei! _ Tan amoioxrebda xolme am sityvebTan erTad bekina.

amis gamgon col-qmars imedi eZleoda, rom bekina metad daSorebuli unda yofiliyo raime maT sawyen saqciels da bolos kidec sruliad guli daimSvides. magram bekinas am kmayofilebasa da gancxromaSi, Svilebis siyvarulTan erTad, sxvadasxvanairi natvrac gulSi epareboda da droTa ganmavlobaSi ejineboda... im sasiamovno mdgomareobaSi, mas rom eRirsa, ufro siamovnebiT, ufro tkbi-lad igrZnobda TavisTavs, Tavisi Sesaferisi amxanagic rom hyoloda vinme... ase fiqrobda gunebaSi bekina da es azri, Semdeg survilad gadaqceuli, bo-los aucilebel wadilad gadaeqca; mis gunebaSi, ase rom moagvaros, bednierTa ubednieresi kaci iqneboda. misi azriT eg misi wadili mis mosiyvarule Svilebs arc ki unda swyenodaT.

_ gana Cems kargad yofnaze ar mecadineoben?!. rasakvirvelia, ar ewyinebaT! _ ajerebda TavisTavs bekina. _ an ki raze unda ewyinoT?.. cudi mama viyavi

11

maTTvis Tu?.. sacxovrebeli ara aqvT Cemgan Cabarebuli Tu? sul maT xom ver Sevwirav Cems Tavs, Tumca, RmerTia mowame, rarigad mageni me miyvaran?.. arc ewyinebaT, ara... ar SeiZleba, rom ewyinoT!.. me rom imaT vuyvarvar!..

ase fiqrobda bekina da imiT gaaTava, rom erT dRes kaci miugzavna Svils da gamoucxada Tavisi survili colis Txovisa.

advili warmosadgenia, rarigad moxvdeboda platonis guls amis gagoneba. _ mRupav, mama? _ mivida igi bekinasTan. _ mRupav? danas miyri yelSi?.. ratom

mimeteb, Seni Wirime?! _ Zlivs warmosTqva platonma da, xmaCawyvetilma, unug-eSod xelebi gaSala.

_ gRupav?!. raTa, Svilo, raTa?.. SenisTana Svili unda daRupos mamam?! _ aba raa?.. _ da isev sityva gauSra platons. _ kargi, Tu giyvarde, kargi! _ mxiarulad SesZaxa bekinam. _ Se kargo kaco,

me erTi bebruxana movaTrio, Sen ratom unda daiRupo, Svilo?! ra dagRupavs, Tu giyvarde?

_ Svili geyoleba... _ xa, xa, xa! _ gadixarxara bekinam da sityva gaawyvetina platons. _ Svili

geyolebao... xa, xa, xa!.. raRa dros Cemi Svilia, Se kaco!.. xa, xa, xa! _ mama... Sen nu momikvdebi, sikvdilis msgavs saqmes mipireb!.. _ erTi Sen! dajinebulad laparakob dRes, platon!.. dedaberma rava unda

SegaSinos, Se glaxako? ase ratom unda Sewuxde?!. eg Seni SiSi, mamaSvilobam, sruliad usafuZvloa... rame gevnebaT ki ara, Tu damijereb, sasargebloc iqne-ba; sawyal melanos cota SeRavaTi mainc miecema, Tvara aRaraa qali!.. uWirs erT adamians, Teli ojaxi kiserze awevs!..

_ batono, melanos jafas ras deeZeb, Sen nu... _ ratom ras deveZeb?! _ gaawyvetina sityva bekinam. _ ratom ar deveZeb...

isic Svili araa Cemi? _ batono, Sen sxvebr Segvibrale da Cvens jafas nu kiTxulob, nu dardob...

RmerTs jafisaTvis vyavarT gaCenili!.. _ eubneboda platoni. _ mama, Seni Wir-ime, gadaTqvi colis Txova da ra ginda Cemgan!..

_ nu xar jiniani, Svilo!.. _ Seutia bekinam. _ marto Sens Tavze ki ar unda ifiqro adamianma!

platons ewyina es ukanaskneli sityva mamisagan da kuStad uTxra: _ batono, droc ki aRaraa Seni colis Txovis! bekinam qoriviT gadaxeda Svils da welSi gaimarTa. _ eriha!! _ SesZaxa man, _ eriha, ra davardnili me mnaxe?! TqvenisTana ax-

algazrdebs kidev erT aTs erTad vajobeb janiTac, simrTeliTac, Sexedule-biTac da vaJkacobiTac!.. ara, Svilo, magi sul tyvilia, sul tyvilia!.. raSi Sematyve daZabuneba!.. hm!.. _ da bekinam marjvena xeliT Seibertya Tavisi gr-Zeli gaWaRaravebuli wveri da mere TavmowonebiT gadigrixa lamazi ulvaSebi. _ ara, Svilo! _ miuaxlovda bekina Svils da mxarze xeli daado. _ ara, Svilo, magisTana laparaks Tavi daanebe... RmerTma ise Cemi suli Seiyvaros, ravarc me Tqven miyvardeT da man icodes Tu me TqvenTvis cudi rame gulSi medos... arc ifiqroT, rom CemgniT Tqven, rame danaklisi ki ara, ubralo wyenac SegxvdeT!.. magram nurc Tqven gajindebiT, Svilebo!.. RmerTma icis da yvelac xedavs, rom ara giWirT-ra: miwac sakmaod gaqvT, Tu sxvaze meti ara. wyalic, saxlic, kar-ic... tyec da velic!.. (es ki meti wamoscda bekinas _ tye sruliad ara hqonebia). samwuxaro ra gaqvT?! RmerTi ufro met mowyalebas mogcemsT, ufro giwinamZ-RvrebT, Tu mec momxedavT, SeminaxavT da Cemi ukanaskneli dReebis gamwarebas ar indomebT... ra vqna, Svilo, mec kaci var, mec adamiani var!.. myoleboda de-daSeni cocxali, hei, Svilo, CemisTana bednieri qveyanaze kaci ar iqneboda!.. magram ras izam... ufalma ase ineba da dRes nu amitydebiT, nu ameSlebiT. Tqven

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rom kargebi xarT, sxvas, gareSes nu aTqmevinebT, moxucebuli mama Seawuxeso... ise momeqeciT, rogorc qe xarT, kai, mSoblis mosiyvarule Svilebi... RmerTi dagifasebT da amisaTvis kidec dagajildovebT, yovel gansacdels agaridebT!.. kargis _ RmerTic kargi mwyalobelia, Svilo!.. nu mewinaaRmdegebi! garwmuneb, patiosan sityvas gaZlev, Tqven araferi dagiSavdeT, ar wagixdeT, erTi xnieri dedakaci me saxlSi Semoviyvano... cota xans vicxovrebT tkbilad, siamovnebiT erTad da mere RmerTma keTilad mogaxmaroT es ojaxic, es saxlic, es karic... yvelaferi, rac ram gagvaCnia, Svilo.

_ batono, Svili rom geyolos, Svili... maSin? _ daatana platonma. _ Sen dRes kaci ver gelaparakeba, Svilo, mxari isTe gaqvs moqceuli! _ wye-

niT uTxra bekinam... _ Tu kacis sityvas ar gaigoneb, aba raRa mogixerxo?! meti dajereba me ar SemiZlia da RmerTma mSvidoba mogces! jiniani kaci gareSec sasiamovno araa, Tvara Svili ra?!

gvariani (gvariani Raribi) _ sakmaod Raribi.Cafi _ 1. Tixis mozrdili calyura, dabalyeliani da farTopiriani WurWe-

li; 2. Rvinis sawyao, daaxloebiT erTi fuTis tevadobis; am raodenobis Rvino.baTmani _ marcvleulis, fqvilis sawyao erTeuli, daaxloebiT naxevar fu-

Tamde.yorifeli (kuTx.) _ yvelaferi.Warmagi _ xanSi Sesuli, vaJkacuri ieris mqone mamakaci.mecadineoba _ mcdeloba.bru (bru mesxmis) _ Tavbru.Wyvirili _ WiWyini, gabmuli tirili maRali xmiT.

III _ IV Tavebi

kvincxa (kuTx.) _ jagrcxila, izrdeba buCqad an patara xed, aqvs Zalian magari merqani.

mogjeba _ gadaeyvlifeba.Cxinki _ wkiri, patara joxi.abzinda _ liTonis eniani Sesakravi. axaluxi _ welSi gamoyvanili samoseli mamakacisa, Ril-kiloebiT Sesakravi,

icvamen Coxis qveS.gaxrekili _ Zlier gamxdari, gaZvaltyavebuli.jaxraki (igivea, rac jaglagi) _ gamxdari, uxeiro cxeni. Toxariki _ moxdenilad, gogmaniT siaruli;damsili (kuTx.) _ Rataki.Cindriki (kuTx.) _ CaqCaqi.mqelavi _ qelva _ qoSini.poliki (apolikda) _ fexis SeSla, fexareviT siaruli. breki (kuTx.) _ beqi, amaRlebuli adgili velze, borcvi, goraki.magvari _ msgavsi.`bez kapli, bez~ (rus.) _ bolomdis dacale, wveTsac nu datoveb.

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� romeli istoriuli epoqaa areklili daviT kldiaSvilis `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~?

� ra gansxvavebaa istoriulad or formacias _ feodalizmsa da kapital-izms Soris?

� teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `bedniereba, ragvaric unda iyos, vis SerCenia bo-lomdis, rom samaniSvilisas fexi moedga mWidrod?~ gavixsenoT msgavsi pasaJi sxva Txzulebidan.

� gaaanalizeT darikos sityvebi: `vin unda SemoaTrios dediCemis magier mag Wkuadakargulma, vin?~

� ratom aSinebs platons `Zma ZmisTviso _ Savi dRisTviso~ da ratom igebs andazas pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT?

� tician tabiZem samaniSvilis cxens `imereTis rosinanti~ uwoda. didi mw-erlebi detals saguldagulod amuSaveben. daakvirdiT am sabralo ar-sebasTan platonis damokidebulebis aRmwer pasaJebs teqstSi. gaixseneT ilias personaJi, romelic gawamebul pirutyvs gamoesarCla. ratom aqcevs d. kldiaSvili am detalebs ase saguldagulod yuradRebas?

� miaqcieT yuradReba platonis gverdevaniZisadmi damokidebulebis metamorfozas: ratom usvams xazs mwerali Semdeg detalebs: `(platons)axla yoveli moxucebuli kacis danaxva ejavreboda Tavisi mamis gamo~; `(platoni) TavmoZulebiT miaCindrikebda enagadmogdebul cxens, smenad gadaqceuli, egeb am dalocvil kacs kvlav dascdenoda misTvis gamosa-degi ram sityva~?

� gaiazreT kiriles sityvebi: `samwuxaro jojoxeTSiac ar mogvakldeba da aq mainc molxeniT viyoT~. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ vkiTxulobT: `ganvisajneT me da varsqen pitiaxSi mun~... imsjeleT, ra gansxvavebaa cnebaTa `aq~ da `mun~ (iq) SuSanikisa da kirileseul gaazrebas Soris.

� gaiazreT aristos sityvebi: `dRes kaci kacs ise ver axsenebs, rom misi gineba da cudad moxseneba Tanve ar daatanos~. ra qceula sazogadoebis kidev erT mankier Tvisebad?

V _ VI _ VII _ VII _ VIII Tavebi

fanCaturi _ 1. `foTlis derefani~ (saba), cocxali mcenaris totebiTa da foTlebiT gadaxuruli saCrdilobeli, talaveri, Talari. 2. msubuqi gadaxu-ruli nageboba baRSi (dasasveneblad).

cmacuri _ aq _ moCvenebiTi fusfusi.staqani (rus.) _ Wiqa.manqaneba _ xerxi, mcdeloba, xriki.zala (rus.) _ sastumro oTaxi, darbazi.TqrSiali _ xmauri.manqaneba _ xerxi, mcdeloba, xriki.zala (rus.) _ sastumro oTaxi, darbazi.

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� ramdenad gulwrfelia teqstis dasawyisSi aRwerili ojaxuri siamtkbi-loba?

� ratom veras aklebs axali formacia jimSer saloberiZis ojaxs? � ra `manqanebiT~ axerxebs aznauri sulieri da materialuri wonasworobis

SenarCunebas? � SeadareT arCilisa da kesos da luarsabis ojaxebi saloberiZisas; � gaanalizeT fraza: `jimSers sainteresod hqonda (ainteresebda)yoveli

sazogado saqme~. rogor axasiaTebs es pasaJi saloberiZes? � gaixseneT SafaTaZis qorwilis epizodi, SeadareT qarTuli literaturis

sxva ZeglebSi aRweril qorwilebs. ra icvleba an ra rCeba ucvleli?

`saxl-karis daqceva simbolurad yofierebis safuZvlis moSlas niSnavs. saxl-kari samyaroa, uromlisodac ar arsebobs adamiani, didi kosmosis patara nawili. Tu adamians saxl-kari ar gaaCnia, qonebrivad bogano xdeba da sulierad _ beCavi. iRupeba saxl-kari, iRupeba adamianic. iRupeba adamiani, iRupeba saxl-karic. amis gamoa, rom XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi saxl-karis problemas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva~.

akaki baqraZe `XIX saukune~.

� SeadareT saloberiZis saxls aristosa da bregaZeebis saxlebi. imsjeleT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs adamianisTvis saxl-kars?

Tvalsazrisi

XII magram imedi ar sruldeboda. xani gadioda da sazareli arseba zrdaSi Se-

dioda. kidev cota xani da platons TvaliTac daenaxveboda TviTon da Tavis xmasac gaagonebda.

es garemoeba SeSliliviT xdida platons. am kacma sruliad goneba dahkar-ga, gaWirveulda, daekarga yovelive moTmineba. iseTi xasiaTi daiWira, rom kaci veRar cnobda. xsnas, sxva saSvels rom veras xedavda Tavis mawuxeblis mosaS-oreblad, igi ucnauri winadadebiT mivida Tavis mamasTan. bekinam iyvira, roca Svilis naTqvami gaigona. moxucebuli kaci kinaRam gadairia:

_ RmerTi deiviwye, Se ubeduro?.. RmerTi aRar gagaxsenda, magisTana azrebi rom TavSi mogivida?! moxucebul kacs maZaleb sulis wasawymedi saqme Cevi-dino?.. RvTis Casaxuli kaci movkla?.. gagiJdi, Se RmerTgamwyralo? rava meub-nebi, dedakacs muceli movaSlevino?! ram gafiqrebia amnairi uRvTo saqme, ram? _ yviroda bekina Svilis naTqvamiT gacecxlebuli. platoni ki warbebSexrili, saxedaRvremili idga erT adgilas gayuCebuli jiutad da dabla imzireboda.

_ ra iqna, RmerTmani, ra gaqvT amdeni sadavidarabo, rom kacma Tqvengan erTi tkbili sityva veRar geigona am bolo dros?! sul mobRuSva, sul usiam-

taia cxadaia, darejan kvanwiani, nana kucia, tamar ronraze...

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