t.c. Ölçme, seçme ve yerleştirme merkezi · all that requires willpower, which is hard work and...

Z

T.C. Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi

Bu testlerin her hakkı saklıdır. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, testlerin tamamının veya bir kısmının Merkezimizin yazılı izni olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotoğrafının çekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla çoğaltılması, yayımlanması ya da kullanılması yasaktır. Bu yasağa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluğu ve testlerin hazırlanmasındaki mali külfeti peşinen kabullenmiş sayılır.

YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİSEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI

(YDS)

İNGİLİZCE

(İlkbahar Dönemi)

1 NİSAN 2018

2018-YDS Spring/English TEST OF ENGLISH

This test consists of 80 questions.

Gender studies is a multifaceted field of inquiry intosocial structures and social relations that hasimportant ---- for the study of violence, peace andconflict.

challenges divisions

implications drawbacks

requirements

Nano-tech products can potentially save lives aswell as give us hundreds of new conveniences fromenhanced drug delivery and disease ---- to fabricthat will not stain.

progression manipulation

detection transmission

inheritance

The thin, invisible layer of gas surrounding theEarth, which is called the atmosphere, shields usfrom the vacuum of space and protects us from ----solar radiation.

delicate excessive

vigorous elaborate

swift

1-6: For these questions, choose the best word orexpression to fill the space.

1.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

2.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

3.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

Architectural analysis is not only a ---- academicpursuit, done for its own sake, but it can beinformative and entertaining as well.

mutually convincingly

drastically purely

deniably

Childcare is a broad term that ---- services whichprotect the health, safety, and well-being of childrenwho require custodial care by adults other than theirown parents for a temporary period of time.

hinders encompasses

creates eliminates

suspends

Taking a break, and distracting your mind for awhile, not only gives you the spare time to becreative, but it can also give your brain the space itneeds to ---- creative solutions to problems youhave been struggling with.

make up for get away from

fight back against look up to

come up with

4.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

5.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

6.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

Go on to the next page.1

2018-YDS Spring/English

A number of studies have concluded that a givenlevel of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ---- lesswarming than previously ----.

is producing / to think

has produced / thinking

produces / thought

has been producing / having thought

had produced / being thought

Anyone who ---- unusual reactions to antihistamines(medicines that relieve or prevent the symptoms ofsome kinds of allergy) in the recent past ---- his orher physician know before taking the drugs again.

used to have / might let

had had / must have let

was having / could let

has had / should let

had / might have let

7-16: For these questions, choose the bestword(s) or expression(s) to fill the space(s).

7.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

8.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

By 2.5 million years ago, when they began ---- stonetools, early humans had understood that they ---- thenatural world to their own advantage.

to have made / had to alter

to make / used to alter

making / could alter

having made / should have altered

to have been making / must have altered

Dramatists and scriptwriters could place their characters ---- the centre of a terrifying humanconflict, and may allow us to watch these characterssuffer the pains of avoiding a collision ---- theconflict.

on / for over / in at / with

to / about by / from

---- the problems of obesity and disordered eatinggrowing around the world, public healthprofessionals have focused research efforts onidentifying potential causes and treatments ----these related problems.

About / in On / towards

With / for Through / from

Among / at

9.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

10.

A) B) C)

D) E)

11.

A) B)

C) D)

E)



---- there is no consensus among folklorists on howto define folklore nor how to explain the issues ofthe meaning and the function of it, folklore generallyrefers to cultural expressions, such as narratives,music, dance, beliefs and festivals.

Once While Until

As In case

Industrial nations consume nearly 75 to 80 percentof the fossil fuels burned each year; ----, they areresponsible for the majority of greenhouse gasemissions.

instead on the contrary

as a result for example

however

Buildings such as the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul,Turkey date back to the sixth century and yet arestill standing ---- they are located inearthquake-prone areas.

as long as unless

as if although

since

12.

A) B) C)

D) E)

13.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

14.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

In statistics, ---- the standard deviation allows us tosee how much individuals vary within a sample, ----the standard error allows us to estimate how muchsamples will vary within a population.

whether / or no sooner / than

rather / than hardly / when

just as / so

The idea of the Internet was initially to provideredundancy of communications ---- a catastrophicevent like a nuclear blast, which might destroy asingle connection or computer but not the entirenetwork.

such as on behalf of

in terms of in addition to

in case of

15.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

16.

A) B)

C) D)

E)



Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climatechange and the greenhouse effect. (17)----, we mustsignificantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions fromactivities like heating and transportation. One optionwould be to (18)---- to renewable energy sourceswherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind orgeothermal systems. Another important step is toreduce our individual energy footprint. For example,driving a car places a particularly high burden on theenvironment (19)---- the carbon dioxide emissions intothe air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there areseveral ways to lessen the impact and still continue(20)---- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)---- many newenergy-saving models, we can help reduce harmfulemissions.

Conversely Similarly

Otherwise However

Therefore

confine object

switch accommodate

respond

17-21: For these questions, choose the bestword or expression to fill the spaces in thepassage.

17.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

18.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

regardless of rather than

as opposed to due to

in spite of

to have used being used

using to be used

having used

from onto

at towards

over

19.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

20.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

21.

A) B)

C) D)

E)



When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changingyour eating environment is easier than changing yourmind. A research team in the US has set aboutuncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes thattrick us (22)---- overeating – things like serving spoons,cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters canalso be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier.(23)---- there are many solutions to mindless eating,most of them will go undiscovered because if we have aproblem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself,not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower,which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)---- successful. Research has found subtle ways tochange our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify ourapproach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, sowe mindlessly eat less (25)---- eating more. If we want toautomatically eat better, we do not need to change ourminds, we (26)---- our surroundings.

against into without

behind off

Given that Just as Before

Unless Although

22-26: For these questions, choose the bestword or expression to fill the spaces in thepassage.

22.

A) B) C)

D) E)

23.

A) B) C)

D) E)

coincidentally vaguely

truly partially

seemingly

due to instead of

with regard to in terms of

together with

have to optimise must have optimised

may have optimised could have optimised

would optimise

24.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

25.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

26.

A) B)

C) D)

E)



Because of its power and potential for both harmand good, ----.

modern meteorology has made notable improvementsin the critical discipline of predicting severe weather

meteorologists are the only professionals who cankeep their jobs and still be wrong half the time

scientists have studied cloud seeding with the goal ofmaking it rain in places experiencing prolongeddroughts

the weather has been a subject of intense interest andscrutiny by human beings since ancient times

it seems unlikely that we will ever get to the point ofbeing able to predict the weather with 100 percentaccuracy

Forensic investigators must collect evidencewhile the crime scene is still fresh ----.

because forensic science is the use of scientificmethods to investigate crimes

since forensic scientists study evidence at the homesand workplaces of suspects

although it is the job of forensic scientists to provideevidence at a criminal trial

even if the area is unsafe and they have to work underarmed guard

as many sciences, from chemistry to engineering, areused in an investigation

27-36: For these questions, choose the bestoption to complete the given sentence.

27.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

28.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Although alchemy began as a way to turn othermetals into gold, ----.

it matured into a system of thinking about nature thatcontributed to the development of modern chemistry

alchemistic ideas and practices flourished in theancient world within several cultural traditions

a number of spectacular failures eventually led to thedisappearance of alchemy in China

alchemists continued in their relentless quest for goldwell into the sixteenth century

its objectives were to find ways of accelerating therates at which metals could be changed into gold

Although the available evidence shows no use ofcolour or decoration on early footwear, ----.

the existence of twenty-five-thousand-year-old clothingsuggests that footwear may be older than is evenpresently known

the elaborate weaving on some shoes seems toindicate that prehistoric people would care about theappearance of the shoes

prehistoric shoes had to resist heavy usage, whethermade from leather or from plant fibers

the oldest known shoes are ten-thousand-year-oldsandals found in a desert area of eastern Oregonof the US

prehistoric humans would make their shoes shortlyafter killing animals, such as sheep and deer

29.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

30.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



While most research on the role of genetics and theheritability of aggression has ruled out the idea ofan aggressive gene, ----.

most definitions of aggression indicate that itrepresents behaviours that are intended to hurt orharm another

it is currently thought that one might inherit thebiological susceptibility for being aggressive

one of the most widely discussed theories ofaggressive behavior is Albert Bandura’s sociallearning theory

there are a number of different ways to conceptualisesubtypes of aggressive behaviours

much of the research on aggression has focusedprimarily upon children who are physically aggressive

----, it will not be possible to turn a draft into afinished piece of work.

Although an author may have a hard time evaluatingwhat he or she has written

Even if an author thinks that characterisation is poor inhis or her work

Unless an author knows the strengths andweaknesses of a manuscript

Because an author should realise that revision turnsan amateur into a professional

When rewriting and polishing lead an author toproduce a good novel

31.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

32.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Some birds build nests simply to protect their young----.

since many small animals that live above the groundmake their homes in trees

until they have learned how to look after themselvesand survive in the wild on their own

given that they make mud huts that are placed in allkinds of places, from undergrowth to fence posts

although sometimes a squirrel takes over an emptybird's nest and makes its home there

while colonies of wasps build their nests from the topdownward

Of the 20 amino acids that make up all proteins, 9are considered essential ----.

if thousands of proteins are assembled from some 20different amino acids

as the best sources of complete protein are leanmeats, fish, low-fat dairy products, and eggs

even if some foods are better sources of protein thanothers

because they cannot be made in our bodies and mustbe obtained from the foods we eat

although the proteins in the foods we eat are digestedfirst into small peptides

33.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

34.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Trans fat may be as harmful to your health assaturated fat ----.

because it increases blood cholesterol levels, amongother adverse effects

although major sources are hardened vegetable fatsuch as margarine

as long as foods high in saturated fat include redmeats and dairy products

since a diet that has generous amounts ofvegetables is naturally lower in fat

even if a diet high in fat can also be unnecessarilyhigh in calories

----, he was foremost an inventor and moreinterested in attracting public interest in his workthan advancing scientific knowledge.

When the philosopher Alfred North Whiteheadfamously credited Thomas Edison with the discoveryof a method of invention

While Thomas Edison saw himself as a member of thelarger scientific community and presented papersbefore the National Academy of Sciences

As Thomas Edison began his inventive career bybecoming a contract inventor in the telegraph industryafter working as a telegraph operator in the mid-1860s

Because Thomas Edison depended more on theassistance of a large staff of experimenters andmachinists who made important contributions to hisinventive efforts

Although reputation was significant for ThomasEdison, particularly because of his popular image asthe primary inventor of several new technologies

35.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

36.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Since the 1970s, media literacy has developedthrough the work of educators who haveimplemented programs to explore mass media,popular culture, and communication technologieswith children and young people.

Medya okuryazarlığı, kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü veiletişim teknolojilerini çocuklar ve genç insanlarlakeşfetmek için çalışan eğitimcilerin yaptığı programlarsayesinde 1970’lerden beri gelişmektedir.

1970’lerden beri medya okuryazarlığı, çocuklarla vegenç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü veiletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için programlaruygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmaları aracılığıylagelişmektedir.

Çocuklar ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popülerkültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek içinprogramlar düzenleyen eğitimcilerin çalışmalarısayesinde medya okuryazarlığı 1970’lerdengünümüzdeki hâline gelmiştir.

Medya okuryazarlığının gelişmesi çocuklarla ve gençinsanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişimteknolojilerini keşfetmek için 1970’lerden beriprogramlar uygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmalarısayesinde olmuştur.

Kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerinikeşfetmek üzere 1970’lerden beri çocuklara ve gençinsanlara uygulanan programlar eğitimcilerinçalışmalarıyla birlikte medya okuryazarlığınıgeliştirmiştir.

37-42: For these questions, choose the mostaccurate Turkish translation of the sentences inEnglish, and the most accurate English translationof the sentences in Turkish.

37.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



As members of households established complexrelationships with outsiders during the agrarian era,they came under the influence of new rules,structures, and expectations.

Hane fertleri, tarım dönemi boyunca yabancılarlaçeşitli ilişkiler kurarak yeni kuralların, yapıların vebeklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

Hane fertlerinin yabancılarla karmaşık ilişkilerkurması tarım dönemine denk gelmiştir ve budönemde yeni kurallardan, yapılardan vebeklentilerden etkilenmişlerdir.

Tarım döneminde hane fertlerinin yabancılarla çeşitliilişkiler kurmasının sebebi; yeni kuralların, yapıların vebeklentilerin etkisi altına girmiş olmalarıdır.

Tarım döneminde hane fertleri yabancılarla karmaşıkilişkiler kurdukça yeni kuralların, yapıların vebeklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

Yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altınagiren hane fertleri, tarım döneminde yabancılarla dahakarmaşık ilişkiler kurmuşlardır.

More than a hundred different studies have shownthat there really is a significant relation betweenhappiness and physical health.

Yapılan yüzden fazla farklı çalışma göstermiştir kimutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemlibir ilişki bulunabilir.

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasındaki önemli birilişkinin gerçekliği, yüzden fazla farklı çalışmasayesinde ortaya konmuştur.

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemlibir ilişki olup olmadığını göstermek için yüzden fazlafarklı çalışma yapılmıştır.

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışma, mutluluk ile beden sağlığıarasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olduğunugöstermiştir.

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışmaya göre, mutluluk ile bedensağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olabilir.

38.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

39.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Karşılaştığımız bütün problemleri eşit derecedeiyi çözemeyebiliriz, çünkü her bir problem farklı veyaratıcı bir çözüm gerektirebilir.

We cannot solve all the problems we encounterequally well because we may need to develop aunique and creative solution to each problem.

The reason why we may not deal with all the problemswe confront equally well is that each problem mayrequire a different and innovative solution.

Because each problem may call for a distinct andcreative solution, all the problems we face cannot besettled equally well.

We may not be able to solve all the problems weconfront equally well since each problem mightrequire a different and creative solution.

We could not overcome all the problems we encounterequally well now that a different and innovativesolution may need to be produced for each problem.

40.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



20. yüzyılın başlarında Albert Einstein adında gençbir Alman, klasik fiziği sarsarak ve mutlak bir zamanve uzay fikrini sonlandırarak görelilik kuramını önesürdü.

At the turn of the 20th century, a young Germannamed Albert Einstein proposed his theory of relativity,shaking classical physics and ending the idea of anabsolute time and space.

A young German named Albert Einstein shookclassical physics at the beginning of the 20th

century and put forward his theory of relativity, endingthe idea of an absolute time and space.

At the turn of the 20th century, a young Germannamed Albert Einstein shook classical physics andended the idea of an absolute time and spaceby proposing his theory of relativity.

Proposing his theory of relativity at the turn of the 20th

century, a young German named Albert Einsteinshook classical physics and ended the idea of anabsolute time and space.

The theory of relativity, proposed by a young Germannamed Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th

century, shook classical physics and ended the idea ofan absolute time and space.

41.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Çıraklık sistemleri Avrupa ve Asya ülkelerindeyaygın bir biçimde kullanılagelmiş olsa da BirleşikDevletler'dekinden biraz farklı bir biçimdeişlemektedir.

Although apprenticeship systems have been usedwidely in European and Asian countries, they operatein a somewhat different manner than those in theUnited States.

European and Asian countries have been widely usingapprenticeship systems that operate in a slightlydifferent manner than the United States.

Apprenticeship systems are widely used not only inEuropean and Asian countries but also in the UnitedStates, but in a somewhat different manner in theformer.

Both European and Asian countries and the UnitedStates have been widely using apprenticeshipsystems, but the latter has been practising it in aslightly different manner.

There is a slight difference between the apprenticeshipsystems in European and Asian countries and those inthe United States, though both have been widely usedfor a long time.

42.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Pick up a glass, fill it from the tap and take a sip.You just had a tiny dose of the pill your neighbour tookdays before. Excreted and flushed through our sewageworks and waterways, drug molecules are all around us.A recent analysis of streams in the US detected anentire pharmacy: diabetic medications, musclerelaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants andmore. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated bytreated waste water. The amounts that end up in yourglass are minuscule, and will not lay you low tomorrow.However, someone prescribed multiple drugs is morelikely to experience side effects due to these smalldoses, and risks rise exponentially with each drug takenby a person over 65. “These drugs have beenindividually approved but we have not studied what itmeans when they are together in the same soup,” saysMae Wu at the National Resources Defense Council(NRDC).

Which of the following can be true about the tapwater in the US?

The drugs in the tap water are not expected to haveimmediate side effects on healthy people.

There can be a lower risk for elder members of societywho take more than one drug a day.

Most drugs in the tap water are harmless, but illegalones can make people sick.

It is more likely for a person to be affected if there aremultiple drug residues in the tap water.

The tap water used in houses does not cause negativeeffects for adults at all.

43-46: Answer these questions according to thepassage below.

43.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

It is pointed out in the passage that the tapwater ----.

can dramatically increase the severity of diseases dueto the variety of compounds found in it

contains drugs that have been found to be illegal asthey are harmful for human health

makes it possible for us to determine the types of pillsour neighbours take every day

contains medicinal leftovers, which can pass on to uswhen we drink water from our taps

does not pose any threats for human health becausemost of the drugs dissolve quite well in it

What can be inferred from Mae Wu's words?

The combination of medical waste in the tap watercreates a very hazardous toxic soup.

She believes that drinking tap water can cause seriousside effects in most people.

The NRDC is planning to study the effects of drugswhen they are together in the same mixture.

Despite being approved individually, all drugs can bedangerous when mixed with tap water.

She is unsure of the health effects of the combinationof small doses of different drugs in the tap water.

What is the main purpose of the author?

To blame the US authorities for failing to takeprecautions against drug leftovers

To catch the attention of academicians to find asolution to the problem of contaminated tap water

To dissuade readers from continuing to use tap waterin the US

To warn readers against possible health risks that maybe caused by tap water

To call for more action from the NRDC in sterilising tapwater

44.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

45.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

46.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Admired by native peoples for thousands of years, theTexas horned lizard has an array of abilities. It mostlyeats ants – lots of them, and most parts of an ant’s bodyare indigestible, which necessitates a huge stomach.Eating more than two hundred ants per day meansexposure out in the open for long periods, and having a‘heavy’ stomach means that a horned lizard finds itdifficult to run away from predators. Instead, it relies onan armory of defences. It has camouflage colouring,with an outline broken up by spines and outgrowths, andit will freeze if a predator approaches. Its horns andspines can pierce the throat of a snake or bird, and itcan hiss and blow itself up to look even more fearsome.When it comes to coyotes, foxes, and dogs, a hornedlizard’s most spectacular defence is to squirt foul-tastingblood from the sinuses behind its eyes. That usually hasthe desired effect. But it squirts only when it is provoked,since it risks losing up to one quarter of its blood. Suchabilities are, however, no defense against humaninvasion of its land. Its strange shape and colouring hasmade it attractive to reptile collectors, and its habit offreezing means that it is prone to being run over.

For a horned lizard, eating too many ants meansthat it ----.

has to spend more time to digest what it has eatenthan to hunt for food

is more vulnerable to predators while trying to runaway

will become highly indigestible for its predators

seems to get physically stronger in its struggleto survive in the wild

causes a huge decrease in the ant population livingaround its habitat


47.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

How does a horned lizard defend itself when facedwith a predator?

It blends into its surroundings using its naturalcolouring and shape.

It freezes the predator with the help of its spines.

It makes itself smaller than normal to confuse thepredator.

It releases a kind of liquid to make the predatorsuffocate.

It changes its colour and shape to become morethreatening to its predators.

It could be bad for a horned lizard to use itsown blood for defence because ----.

it might lose a high amount of blood, which would putits life at risk

predators like the taste of the blood, making themmore willing to eat it

the bright colour of the blood could make it easyfor predators to see it

it is an ineffective way of defence when the predator isa snake or bird

the smell of the blood could attract more predators

Upon contact with humans, a horned lizard ----.

is often hunted by collectors due to being confusedwith other reptiles

attacks humans in an effort to defend its territory

is likely to be run over because it does not move whenin danger

immediately changes its original shape and colour

tries to escape by crawling rather than moving fast

48.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

49.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

50.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



More mythology surrounds the shark than anyother creatures in the ocean. This is partly a symptomof their colossal size – adult male great whites canmeasure in excess of five metres; the temptation forhumans to add a metre here or there after reportedsightings is irresistable. Sharks are also, by nature,mysterious. Scientists still know next to nothing aboutgreat whites’ breeding habits; a birth in the wild hasnever been observed. One of the biggest greatwhite shark myths is that the creature, disabled by itsnotoriously poor vision, often mistakes surfers andscuba-divers for its main prey – seals and sea lions.“Completely false,” says Richard Aidan Martin, directorof the ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research inVancouver, Canada. After observing 1,000 predatoryattacks on sea lions by great whites for five years, hestates that the sharks rocket to the surface and crushtheir prey with incredible force; however, they usuallyapproach humans with leisurely or undramaticbehaviour. Martin points out that great whites arecurious and investigative animals, which is what mostpeople do not realise. When great whites bite somethingunfamiliar to them, whether a person or a sea creature,they are looking for tactile evidence about what it is.They usually throw humans out of their mouth afteran exploratory bite rather than swallow them for foodbecause humans are too bony. To add more, greatwhites must be extremely selective about their diet.Their digestive tracts function very slowly, and eatingthe wrong thing would slow the shark down for days andstop them from consuming anything else.

It is understood from the passage that great whites----.

have hardly ever been examined in terms of theirbreeding habits

are mysterious because why they mainly prey on sealsand sea lions has not been clarified

are giant creatures whose size can never bemeasured exactly

have been studied more extensively than any othercreatures in the ocean

have unusual breeding habits to which scientists havebeen paying particular attention


51.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

It is emphasised in the passage that RichardAidan Martin ----.

monitored great whites mistaking surfers andscuba-divers for seals and sea lions

focused especially on the disadvantages of greatwhites’ notoriously poor vision

examined attacks on sea lions by great whites toprove their aggressive nature

noted that great whites do not come closer to humansin an actively predatory way

tried to collect precise information on great whites byobserving 1,000 attacks on humans

Which of the following is pointed out in thepassage?

Great whites confuse humans with seals and sea lionsdue to their low ability to see.

Great whites bite humans to explore if their bones areto their taste.

Great whites are often incapable of choosing the rightfood for their diet.

Great whites avoid biting humans and sea creaturesthat are unfamiliar to them.

Great whites' diet does not include humans becausethey have too much bone for them.

Which could be the best title for this passage?

The Extraordinary Diet of Great Whites

The Unknown World of Great Whites

Deadly Attacks of Great Whites on Humans

The Impressive Size of Great Whites

Enormous Diversity of Great Whites’ Prey

52.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

53.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

54.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



The story of Hansel and Gretel, in which two childrenoutsmart a witch who is about to destroy them, waspassed down to us from the brothers Jacob andWilhelm Grimm. They began recording various folk talestold to them by villagers and farmers near the town ofKassel, Germany, in about 1807. Hansel and Gretel wastold to the brothers by a young girl, Doretchen Wild, whoyears later became Wilhelm Grimm's wife. The fairytale gained wide popularity after German composerEngelbert Humperdinck made it the basis of a children'sopera, first introduced in Munich in 1893. However, theopera, as well as subsequent versions of the story,omits the most traumatising aspect of the traditionaltale: the parents’ deliberate abandonment of theirchildren to the wild beasts of the forest. Anotherimportant feature of Hansel and Gretel is that it was notonly known through German oral tradition. A versioncirculating in France as early as the late 17th centuryhad a house made not of gingerbread but of gold andjewels, in which a young girl is held by a giant whom sheeventually pushes into his own fire. However, it was theGrimm brothers who immortalised the tale for futuregenerations – an excellent story that every childthroughout the world should come across.

Which of the following can be said about the storyof Hansel and Gretel?

It was initially written by the Grimm brothers andbecame very popular in a short time.

It illustrates the dangers faced by two children wholived in Kassel, Germany, in about 1807.

It reveals the typical features of German culturebecause it is told by villagers and farmers.

It was verbally transferred to the Grimm brothers likesome other stories.

It was told by Doretchen Wild to the villagers andfarmers in Kassel, Germany.


55.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

What can be understood about Humperdinck?

He was criticised for presenting Hansel and Greteldifferently from the previous versions of it.

He intentionally highlighted some details of Hanseland Gretel to increase its popularity.

He reached a large audience especially attractedto the opera but not to the story of Hansel and Gretel.

He made Hansel and Gretel quite famous byproducing a children's opera inspired by the story.

He removed the traumatising part of Hansel andGretel to create a more cheerful story.

The saddest part of Hansel and Gretel is that ----.

a giant in France is pushed into a fire by a little girl

the children's parents are not aware of the dangers ofwild beasts in the forest

the parents do not care for their children and causethem to get caught by a witch

despite the presence of wild beasts, the children areleft alone in the forest without any concern

a young girl is captured in a giant's house

What is the Grimm brothers' impact on the story ofHansel and Gretel?

They gave inspiration to many other arts, and showeda fairy tale can be a product of popular culture.

They recorded one of the diverse versions of thestory and made it universally known as a children'sliterature must-read.

They added a new dimension to children's literature bytelling a story which has wild beasts and witches tryingto catch children.

They proved that the important thing is to record astory so it can be used in other cultural activities.

They showed that traumatising events can be used asinstructions for children.

56.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

57.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

58.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



In Bertrand Piccard’s family, there is a tradition of beingfirst. His grandfather, Auguste, was the first person toride a balloon into the stratosphere. His father, Jacques,was the first to reach the Earth’s deepest point, thePacific’s Mariana Trench. And in 1999, Piccardcompleted the first non-stop, around-the-world balloonflight. This feat, plus an environmentally consciousapproach to innovation, spurred the renowned Swissadventurer to dream of circumnavigating the globe in aplane that uses no fuel. The result is the Solar Impulse2, an aircraft equipped with more than 17,000 solarcells. Thanks to lithium batteries that efficiently storeenergy reserves, it is the first solar-powered plane thatcan fly through the night. “If we want to solve ourpollution and energy problems,” says Piccard, apsychiatrist by training, “we need to increase our energyefficiency and focus on clean technologies. SolarImpulse 2 is really a way to show that thosetechnologies are mature.”

What can be inferred about Piccard’s father andgrandfather?

They preferred to follow their dreams rather than havecareers.

They were not afraid of taking risks and pursuing theirdreams.

They were both renowned scientists in their fields.

They were very supportive of Piccard’s ambitions.

They were just as concerned about the environmentas Piccard.


59.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

What motivated Piccard to fly around the world in asolar-powered plane?

His desire to follow in his family’s footsteps andcontinue their tradition of being first

His awareness of the need to develop environmentallyfriendly, cost-effective engineering

His previous success and his desire to beenvironmentally friendly

His attempt to make the world’s first balloon flight

His knowledge of green technologies and his family’sconcern about pollution and energy problems

What is clearly stated as being unique aboutPiccard’s aircraft?

It has more solar cells than any aircraft built before it.

It runs completely on the cleanest lithium batteries.

It has very efficient energy storage means, which willallow it to fly at night.

It uses solar cells for power, allowing it to fly withoutfuel or the need to ever stop.

It reserves all the energy it gains from the solar cells inlithium batteries.

In Piccard’s own words, what is the main purpose ofSolar Impulse 2?

To show that a plane with no fuel is able to fly aroundthe world

To indicate that more needs to be done to furtherdevelop solar-powered planes

To contribute to the improvement of lithium batteries’efficiency

To demonstrate that the technology available today isready to help solve pollution and energy problems

To prepare the world for the next generation of cleantechnologies

60.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

61.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

62.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Reporter: Kids love to eat hamburgers, but they're not very

healthy. Tell us about the public schoolinitiative to make lunches healthier for students.

Dietician: With some help from food engineers, we've

created a mushroom-beef blend that's being usedin schools across the country to help students eathealthier.

Reporter: ----

Dietician: True. In addition to fewer calories and saturated

fats than regular hamburgers, this blend is also agreener alternative to meat since mushrooms aremore sustainable than beef.

Reporter: That makes sense as they require fewer resources

than livestock to produce.

I think there are more than just health benefits to usingthis vegetable and meat blend.

It seems that the health benefits are the most positivething about this vegetable and meat blend.

As far as I understand, blending mushrooms with beefrequires some careful procedures.

I don't think this is a more sustainable alternative totraditional meat hamburgers.

Great! I think students will like eating this vegetableand meat blend at lunch.

63-67: For these questions, choose the bestoption to complete the dialogue.

63.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Researcher: From your documentary, we learned that Princess

Diana secretly collaborated with journalistAndrew Morton to write a book about her life, inwhich he discloses details of her troubledrelations with the royal family.

Documentarist: Well, when the book was published in 1992,

Diana’s cooperation was a secret. But, whenMorton republished the book after her death in1997, he exposed the fact that Diana herself wasthe direct source for many revelations in the book.

Reporter: ----

Documentarist: He wanted to bring an important fact to light; the

Princess herself wanted the public to know shewas not living a fairy tale, but a life of misery.

Why did Morton’s book change the way the worldlooked at the royal family?

Do you think the public was as deeply affected asMorton by Diana’s death?

How could Morton convince people that his book wasbased on Diana’s own words?

What may have prompted Morton to reveal Diana’sinvolvement in the publication?

How did Morton deal with the criticism from the royalfamily and the British media?

64.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Journalist: You’re the co-leader of an international project to

drill for rock samples in the South China Sea. Whyis that sea bed of such interest?

Geophysicist: We want to answer questions about when it was

formed to better understand continentalmovements.

Journalist: ----

Geophysicist: We also plan to study the microbiology of the

ocean crust to see if there are new organisms atthese great depths.

What key questions do you hope to answer?

What kind of rocks do you expect to find?

How will you determine how old the rocks are?

What methods are you going to use to collect all thesesamples?

What other things may this study help us understand?

65.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Professor: And here you see a picture of a little devil frog.

The male produces noisy sounds in pursuit of apartner.

Student: ----

Professor: Well, he's a poisonous frog and has bright

colours which warn predators that he's unsafe toeat.

Student: How significant characteristics it has!

Do the sounds he makes differ or does he use thesame kind of sounds?

How do the partners react to these sounds when theyhear them?

Is it really difficult for the little devil frog to find apartner?

But doesn't it make him noticeable and vulnerable tobeing attacked?

Is it only males, or do females also produce suchsounds before mating?

66.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Matthew: A friend of mine plays in an orchestra and has

invited me to their concert. I’m really nervousbecause I don’t know anything about orchestras.

Judy: Actually, most people don’t know much about

orchestras. Just pay attention to the instrumentcategories, and then you’ll be less worried.

Matthew: ----

Judy: Well, each group sits together. First, you have the

strings. Woodwinds are in the following section.Behind them are the brass instruments, and at theback is the percussion section.

How do you know the features of all thesecategories? Have you ever taken a course aboutorchestras?

How exactly is a typical orchestra organised? If I learnthat at least, maybe I can relax and enjoy theperformance.

As far as I know, you’ve attended several concertsbefore. Can you predict what will attract me most atthe concert?

What do you know about the percussion section? Ithink that’s the section my friend plays in. So, pleasetell me about it.

I don’t even know the name of instruments played inan orchestra. Are there many different instruments?

67.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

While in Holland, John Locke had time to complete anumber of important works that established hisreputation as England’s foremost political theorist.

Whereas John Locke wrote many of his importantworks in Holland, he earned a reputation as the mostimportant political theorist in England.

John Locke, who was famous for being England’sprincipal political theorist, spent some time in Hollandto produce some of his most important works.

His stay in Holland, during which he completed mostof his important works, helped John Locke to beaccepted as one of the most significant politicaltheorists of England.

Thanks to several important works he finished duringhis stay in Holland, John Locke made quite a name forhimself as the leading political theorist of England.

It was the countless important works he finalised inHolland that earned him a name as one of the mostprominent political theorists in England.

68-71: For these questions, choose the bestrephrased form of the given sentence.

68.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



Delicately carved from mammoth tusk, the Lady ofBrassempouy was discovered in southwest Francein 1894 and is among the oldest representations of ahuman face.

The oldest representation of a human's face isan 1894 mammoth tusk, delicate carving of the Ladyof Brassempouy, which was found in southwestFrance.

The Lady of Brassempouy, representing the oldesthuman face, was made from gently carved mammothtusk and unearthed in southwest France in 1894.

Found in 1894 in southwest France, the Lady ofBrassempouy is one of the oldest representations of ahuman face, gently carved from the tusk of amammoth.

Amongst many delicate mammoth tusk carvings of thehuman face, the Lady of Brassempouy is the oldestand its discovery was made in southwest France in1894.

One of the oldest delicate human face carvings, theLady of Brassempouy was identified in 1894 to bemade of mammoth tusk in southwest France.

69.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

While professional advertisers scoff at the idea, thegeneral public seems to assume that subliminaladvertising is widely and effectively practiced.

Despite the fact that professional advertisers ridiculethe public for believing in the widespread and efficientuse of subliminal advertising, the public still insists ondoing so.

As professional advertisers praise this concept, anincreasing portion of the population also believes thatsubliminal advertising is commonly and efficientlyused.

Professional advertisers appear to be praising the ideathat subliminal advertising is generally practiced, anassumption commonly held by the general public.

It appears that ordinary people believe subliminaladvertising is extensively and successfully carried outalthough professional advertisers laugh at this notion.

The general population thinks that there are somepeople who make use of subliminal advertisingefficiently; however, professional advertisers seem tothink the opposite.

70.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



The years following the 1789 revolution in Francebrought massive upheaval in French society, which,in turn, produced profound changes in dress andfashion.

Although the revolution took place in France in 1789, itwas only after many years that French society wentthrough considerable changes in dress and fashionfollowing this great disturbance in their society.

The revolution in France in 1789 led to a seriousdisturbance among people in French society, and thiswas the reason why the French had to allow forfundamental and important changes in dress andfashion.

If it were not for the revolution in France in 1789, dressand fashion in French society might not have changedconsiderably despite the enormous disturbance itcaused in their society.

What contributed to the revolution in France in 1789were the major changes in dress and fashion, whichresulted from the huge confusion experienced byFrench society at that time.

It was not until after the revolution in France in 1789that French society experienced dramatic changes indress and fashion, due to the enormous turmoilgenerated by this period.

71.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

It has been a basic tenet that an individual who usessubstances heavily will become addicted. There arereports, however, of people becoming addicted to asubstance with exposure only once or a few times.Some experts believe people are born with thepredisposition to become addicted. ---- Thus, thepotential for addiction may be hereditary. On theother hand, a psychological problem may lead theindividual into addiction. The need for instantgratification, a feeling of being socially ostracized,and an inability to cope with the downfalls of lifehave all been cited as possible springboards toaddiction.

One characteristic that marks addiction, whether tochemicals or nonchemical practices, is the geneticmodification it leads to.

A careful medically-controlled withdrawal program canreverse the chemical changes in genes caused by theaddiction.

Habitual use of an addictive substance can producechanges in body chemistry and any treatment must begeared to a gradual reduction in dosage.

Studies have found that many former addicts haveenough determination to avoid drugs for the rest oftheir lives.

Children of addicts have a greater probability ofbecoming addicts themselves than children whoseparents are not.

72-75: For these questions, choose the bestoption to complete the missing part of thepassage.

72.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



In almost all cultures and societies, children havecollected a broad spectrum of items. Although theactivity seems to be universal, very little has beenwritten on this subject. And even though collectinghas played an important part in many individuals’lives, it is seldom described in memoirs orautobiographies. This may be because manycollections are suddenly abandoned when thecollector grows up. ---- Other collections, however,continue into adult life, becoming lifelongpassionate occupations; this is especially likely withcollections that have some kind of economic valueor present the adult with challenges or opportunitiesfor further study.

Most children will carry on adding to their collectionsthroughout adulthood because they are so attached tothem.

Many are often split up and disappear duringchildhood unless parents understand the fascinatingworld of the small collector and pay special attention tosaving them.

The spirit of the collector, once established, neverleaves the individual but is turned in new directionsand can result in life-changing career choices.

Grand collections may end up in places like museums,which seems to be the dream of collectors who do notwant their passionate investments to disappear withthem.

Collecting trains the eye, creates a sense of order, anddevelops aesthetic appreciation, while at the sametime creating a sense of economic appreciation forcertain items.

73.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Fossils are remnants or traces of an animal or plantof a past geologic age that have been preserved invarious ways in the Earth’s crust. From earliesttimes people must have seen fossils, but the firstreports we have on the subject are from the ancientGreeks. Xenophanes of the early Ionian school issaid to have noticed fossilised sea creatures highon mountains; he correctly interpreted this asmeaning that these mountains had once been underwater. ---- For example, he associated the fossilisedbones of large creatures with mythical animals orwith giant humans.

In the 17th century, Nicolaus Steno arguedpersuasively that fossils are remains of livingorganisms.

In Roman times, Suetonius casually mentions that theemperor Augustus kept a collection of large fossilbones in his villa.

The famous scholar Avicenna put forward an idea thatconfused people about fossils for centuries.

Later, Herodotus reached the same conclusionregarding fossilized clam shells, but he misinterpretedother fossils.

Theophrastus, Aristotle’s successor, is said to havewritten a book on fossils, which was lost later, wherehe refers to fossilised fish.

74.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)



According to a World Bank report in 1993, the EastAsian miracle, achieving high economic growth forall people, is due to a combination of fundamentallysound development policies, tailored interventions,and an unusually rapid increase of physical andhuman capital. The more advanced economies inthe Asian region are part of this success and havebeen referred to as high-performing East Asianeconomies. ---- In addition, these economies havedisplayed high per capita incomes, along with amuch-improved income distribution, compared withmost other developing economies.

In contrast, the dramatic growth of the Asian tigereconomies has been based on the export ofmanufactured goods.

Poorer countries have greater difficulty than relativelyricher countries climbing up the ladder ofdevelopment.

The study suggests that economies with a stronginward focus could not succeed.

Such economies have a record of high and sustainedeconomic growth.

Promoting trade is positively related to levels of percapita income.

75.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

(I) Across the globe, people greeted the end of WorldWar II with a profound sense of relief. (II) By virtually anymeasurement, the war had been the most devastatingconflict in human history. (III) The more traditional andmore widely accepted date for the start of World War IIis 1 September 1939, with the quick but not quiteblitzkrieg (lightning) German invasion of Poland.(IV) The war’s economic cost alone has been calculatedat perhaps five times that of World War I. (V) In humanterms, it claimed half again as many military lives: 15 million versus 10 million for World War I.

I II III IV V

(I) The idea of the human mind as the domain ofabsolute protection from external intrusion has persistedfor centuries. (II) Today, however, this presumptionmight no longer hold. (III) Sophisticated neuro-imagingmachines detect the electrical activity of neurons,enabling us to decode and even alter the nervoussystem signals that accompany mental processes.(IV) Medical devices connected to the brain arevulnerable to sabotage, and neuroscientists suggestthat the same vulnerability applies to brain implants.(V) Whereas these advances have a great potential forresearch and medicine, they pose a fundamentalethical, legal and social challenge: determining underwhat conditions it is legitimate to gain access to anotherperson’s neural activity.

I II III IV V

76-80: For these questions, choose the irrelevantsentence in the passage.

76.

A) B) C) D) E)

77.

A) B) C) D) E)



(I) The best conditions for dandelion seeds are relativelycalm, sunny days that generate thermal updraughts.(II) A 2003 study at the University of Regensburg inGermany found that 99.5 percent of dandelion seedsland within 10 metres of their plant. (III) That is becausethe seed 'parachute' falls at about 30 cm per secondand dandelions only grow about 30 cm high. (IV) So, thatgives each seed just one second of flight time to beblown sideways by the wind to its new home. (V) Higherwind speeds do not really increase the distance theseeds fly, because strong winds tend to blowdownwards as well as sideways, so the seeds just landeven sooner.

I II III IV V

(I) The conventional wisdom is that it is a molecule'sspecific shape that allows our noses to distinguishbetween one smell and another. (II) But there is newevidence that it is actually the frequency of a molecule'svibration, a quantum effect, that is all-important.(III) Most olfactory (smell) scientists believe thatreceptors within our noses act like a lock that can onlybe activated by a molecule of a specific shape – the'key'. (IV) Molecules are collections of atoms that can bethought of as being connected by springs that canvibrate. (V) The trouble is, some molecules with differentshapes have similar smells.

I II III IV V

78.

A) B) C) D) E)

79.

A) B) C) D) E)

(I) Established on 7 April 1948, the World HealthOrganisation (WHO) is one of the original agencies ofthe United Nations. (II) WHO defines health not merelyas the absence of disease or illness, but as a state ofcomplete physical, mental, and social well-being.(III) Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO wasset up to improve international cooperation for betterhealth conditions across the world. (IV) It took over fromthe Health Organisation of the League of Nations andthe International Public Office of Health in Paris.(V) Those two organisations had focused on the controlof epidemics, quarantine measures, and thestandardisation of drugs.

I II III IV V

80.

A) B) C) D) E)

END OF THE TESTCHECK YOUR ANSWERS23

2018 YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (İLKBAHAR DÖNEMİ)

2018 - YDS İLKBAHAR

01-04-2018

TEST OF ENGLISH

1. C2. C3. B4. D5. B6. E7. C8. D9. C

10. C11. C12. B13. C14. D15. E16. E17. E18. C19. D20. C21. A22. B23. E24. C25. B26. A27. D28. D29. A30. B31. B32. C33. B34. D35. A36. B37. B38. D39. D40. D41. A42. A43. A44. D45. E46. D47. B

TEST OF ENGLISH

48. A49. A50. C51. A52. D53. E54. B55. D56. D57. D58. B59. B60. C61. C62. D63. A64. D65. E66. D67. B68. D69. C70. D71. E72. E73. B74. D75. D76. C77. D78. A79. D80. B

t.c. Ölçme, seçme ve yerleştirme merkezi · all that requires willpower, which is hard work and...

Documents