tc seminar -toplinske pumpe
DESCRIPTION
dizalica topline TC seminarTRANSCRIPT
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Projektiranje i izvođenje sustava
s toplinskim crpkama
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Energija okoline
El. energija
npr. Energija zagrijanje
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Snaga za grijanje
Snaga iz okoline
Dovedena ele.snaga
ε = dovedena el. snagasnaga za grijanje = 4
1 = 4
Toplinske crpkeKoeficijent učina
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Toplinske pumpePogodnosti primjene
» grijanje obnovljivim izvorom energije - do 75 % toplinske energije iz okoline
» smanjeni godišnji troškovi pogonskog energenta ekološko grijanje - smanjene emisije CO2 prema okolini do 60%
» grijanje neovisno o nestašici osnovnih pogonskih energenata - ulje/plin
» mogućnost hlađenja - "Natural cooling" » smanjeni troškovi održavanja
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» zahtjev za niskotemperaturnim režimima grijanja» visoka startna ulaganja
Toplinske pumpeOgraničenja primjene
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15 kW15 kW ==
11,2 kW11,2 kW
++
3,8 kW3,8 kW
OkolinaOkolina
El. energijaEl. energija
Toplinske crpke
U tehničkom listu pojedinog tipa toplinske crpke ovaj učin naziva se
RASHLADNI UČIN
i prema njemu se dimenzioniraprimarni krug (krug okoline)
NAZIVNI ili OGRJEVNIUČIN TOPLINSKE CRPKE
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Naz
ivni
uči
n TC
(kW
)
Temperatura - okoline (ºC)
Tem
p. p
olaz
a (º
C)
40
45
50
P1
P2
T1T2
P11
P12
Toplinske crpkeUčinkovitost
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Učinski koeficijent ε
Temperaturna razlika ∆T
veliki koeficijent učina = mala temperaturna razlika između toplinskog izvora(okoline) i potrošača (sistemagrijanja)
Toplinske crpkeUčinkovitost
smanjenje ∆T za 1ºC = ušteda nael. energiji do 2,5 %
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Toplinske crpkeUčinkovitost
Toplinska crpka biti će učinkovitija (trošit će manje el. energije) ako je:
- temperatura polaza prema sustavugrijanja što manja
- ulazna temperatura medija okolinešto viša
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VITOCALIzvori topline
VodaVoda
VodaVoda
VodaVoda
Bad/WCWohnzimmer
Speicher-Wasser-erwärmer
Keller
Vitocal 300 Heizwasser-Pufferspeicher
ZemljaZemlja
ZemljaZemlja
VodaVoda
Sistem:Sistem: zemlja/vodazemlja/vodaSistem:Sistem: voda/vodavoda/voda
ZrakZrak
VodaVodaZrakZrak
Sistem:Sistem: zrak/vodazrak/voda
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VITOVITOCALCAL -- komercijalni naziv za proizvodnikomercijalni naziv za proizvodniprogram toplinskih pumpiprogram toplinskih pumpi
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Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki sustavasustava
voda / vodavoda / voda
Osnovni model: → VITOCAL 300, typ WW
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VITOCAL 300 Typ WW
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
Usisnibunar
Upojnibunar> 5 m
smjer vodenogtoka
razlika temp: 4 - 6 ºC
10-12 ºC
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
ISPARIVAČ- Izmjenjivač od plemenitogčelika (1.4401)
- Lamele međusobno povezanetvrdim lemljenjem (bakar)
Isparivač
Toplinska crpka
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
Protok vode kroz pločasti izmjenjivač kod "kombi" ZPA uređaja iznosi
cca 70 m³/goda kroz isparivač toplinskih crpki
4000 - 8000 m³/god(85 puta više)
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
Isparivač
Toplinska crpka
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
min. temp: 7,5 ºCmax. temp: 25 ºCmin. protok: 0,2-0,3 m3/h kW
tj. iz teh. lista TC dimenzioniranje prema rashladnom učinu za radnirežim W10/W35
max. temp: 55-65 ºCmin. protok: iz teh. lista TC
Važno !!Važno !!
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1 150 lit/h5,5 kWWW 104
1 600 lit/h7,3 kWWW 106
2 700 lit/h12,4 kWWW 110
4 200 lit/h19,0 kWWW 216
7 200 lit/h32,2 kWWW 226
9 200 lit/h45,8 kWWW 240
18 600 lit/h93,8 kWWW 280
Tip ProtokOgrjevna snaga
VITOCAL 300 Typ WWProtok
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
Isparivač
Toplinska crpka
10 °C 8 °C
∆T = 2 °C
vmin∆T = 4 °C
Rashladni učinza režim W10/W35
Min. protok (međukruga)
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPrimarni krug
Isparivač
Toplinska crpka
10 °C 8 °C
6 °C 4 °C
Međukrug napuniti glikolomVažno !!
Zaštitni termostatprotiv smrzavanja
Kontrolnik protoka
Ugrađuje izvođačradova
Ugrađuje serviser
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWZagrijavanje sanitarne vode
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El grijač
El grijač
Ogrjevna spiralavelike površine
Emajlirani spremnikVolumen 390 lit
max temp spremnika: 45 ºC
Važno !!Standardni monovalentni spremnici sanitarne vode (s jednom spiralom) koji se koriste kod kotlova ili zidnih plinskih uređaja nisu prikladnikod sustava s toplinskim crpkama zbog premale površine ogrjevnespirale
VITOCAL 300, typ WWa) Priprema sanitarne vode sa spremnikom Vitocell 100-V, typ
CVW (390 lit)
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWa) Priprema sanitarne vode sa spremnikom Vitocell 100-V, typ
CVW (390 lit) + solarni sustav
Izmjenjivački set
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWb) Priprema sanitarne vode sa bivalentnim spremnicima
Hladna voda
AB
BA
C1
O1
Grijanjeprostora
Serijski spojeneogrjevne spirale
Važno !! Bivalentni spremnici sanitarne vode (s dvije spirale) ne mogu seistovremno kombinirati s toplinskim crpkama i solarnim sustavima
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Spremnik bezugrađene ogrjevne
spirale
VITOCAL 300, typ WWc) Priprema sanitarne vode sa externim izmjenjivačem
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWc) Priprema sanitarne vode sa externim izmjenjivačem + solarni sustav
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VITOCAL 300, typ WWPasivno (prirodno) hlađenje
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IZ1
IZ2
V1
V2 V2
V1
VITOCAL 300, typ WWPasivno hlađenje - ventilatorski konvektori
Grijanje
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Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki sustavasustava
zemlja / vodazemlja / voda
Osnovni model: → VITOCAL 300, typ BW
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1. Varijanta1. Varijanta(zemljani kolektor)(zemljani kolektor)
2. Varijanta2. Varijanta(zemljane sonde)(zemljane sonde)
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaOsnovne izvedbe sustava
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaZemljani kolektor - načini polaganja cijevi
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaZemljani kolektor - načini polaganja cijevi
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaZemljani kolektor - načini polaganja cijevi
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Potreban toplinski učin grijanja: 10 kWTemperaturni režim grijanja: 50/40 °C kod projektne min. temp. od - 18 °C
Ulazni podaci:
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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1. Korak: Određivanje tipa toplinske crpke
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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1. Korak: Određivanje tipa toplinske crpke - nastavak
Vjerojatni izbor
Važno:Učin toplinske crpke u tehničkom listudefiniran je prema EN 255 sa ulaznim parametrima
temperatura rasoline: 0 °Ctemp. polaznog voda: 35 °C
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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1. Korak: Određivanje tipa toplinske crpke - nastavak
10,2 kW
7 kW
3,3 kW
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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1. Korak: Određivanje tipa toplinske crpke - nastavak
3,1
Tip crpke: BW 110Ogrjevni učin: 10,2 kWRashladni učin: 7 kWElektrični učin: 3,3 kWCOP koeficijent: 3,1
Vrijedi za radnu točku B0°/W50°
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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2. Korak: Određivanje površine zemlje za iskop
UUččinin oduzimanja topline iz zemlje (= rashladni oduzimanja topline iz zemlje (= rashladni uuččinin):):
Za orijentacijski proračun:25 W/m25 W/m²²
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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2. Korak: Određivanje površine zemlje za iskop
1000 x Ph (rashladni učin crpke kW)
qE (učin oduzimanja topline iz zemlje W/m²)A = m²
PovrPovrššina zemlje za iskop:ina zemlje za iskop:
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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2. Korak: Određivanje površine zemlje za iskop
U našem primjeru za B0/W35 rashladni učin iznosi Ph = 8,4 kW:
Površina za iskop:
8400
25A = 336 m336 m²²=
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
Dubina iskopa: 1,2 - 1,5 m
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9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
5
10
-5
-10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
-5
-10
15
20
25
30
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaProfil promjene temperature na dubini od 1,2 m
Mjeseci
Tem
pera
tura
, ºC
prirodna promjena
prilikom rada TC
premalo cijevi po 1 m²
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3. Korak: Dužina cijevi za polaganje
Razmak polaganja cijevi:Razmak polaganja cijevi:
Za cijev PE 25 x 2,3 :
L = 2 x A = 2 x 336 = 672 m 672 m
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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4. Korak: Broj krugova – veličina razdjelnika
Max. dužina cijevi jednog kruga = 100 m
Broj krugova(veličina razdjelnika)
= =L (ukupna dužina cijevi m)
100 m= 6,7
672
100
Krugovi trebaju biti balansirani (jednakih dužina cijevi),tj. slijedi:
7 krugova sa 100 m cijevi u svakom (PE 25 x 2,3)7 krugova sa 100 m cijevi u svakom (PE 25 x 2,3)
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaRazdjelnik i sabirnik (vanjski šaht)
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaPlaniranje kolektorskog polja
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5. Korak: Volumen rasoline
Dovodni cjevovod (PE 50 x 4,6) :Cjevovod u zemlji (PE 25 x 2,3) : 700 m x 0,327 lit/m = 229 lit
30 m x 1,308 lit/m = 40 litPaušalni dodatak: 5 lit
274 lit274 litVVAA ==
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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6. Korak: Volumen ekspanzijske posude
)1( +⋅−+
= este
VZN p
ppVVV
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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6. Korak: Volumen ekspanzijske posude
litVN 6,17)19,03(5,19,03301,0274
=+⋅⋅−⋅+⋅
=
25 lit25 litVVNN ==
Odabiremo ekspanzijsku posudu volumena:
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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7. Korak: Odabir cirkulacijske crpke kruga rasoline
Radna toRadna toččka crpke: ka crpke:
a) Protok → slijedi iz tehničkog lista 2,7 m2,7 m³³/h/hmmcc ==
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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7. Korak: Odabir cirkulacijske crpke kruga rasoline
Radna toRadna toččka crpke: ka crpke:
b) Visina dobave
100 m, 386 lit/h
PE 25 x 2,3
30 m, 2700 lit/h
100 m, 386 lit/h
PE 25 x 2,3
100 m, 386 lit/h
PE 25 x 2,3
PE 50 x 4,6 RPE 25x2,3 = 123 Pa/mRPE 50x4,6 = 164 Pa/m
1. k
rug
2. k
rug
3. k
rug
7. k
rug
Jedinični otpor:
. . . . .
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
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7. Korak: Odabir cirkulacijske crpke kruga rasoline
Radna toRadna toččka crpke: ka crpke:
b) Visina dobave
∆p cijevi kol = 123 Pa x 100 m = 12 300 Pa
∆p dovoda = 164 Pa x 30 m = 4 920 Pa
∆p crpka = 9 000 Pa → slijedi iz tehničkog lista za Vitocal 300, BW 110
∆p ukupno = 12300 + 4920 + 9000 = 26220 Pa = 262,20 mbar = 2,7 mVS
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDimenzioniranje sustava - primjer
Potrebna je korekcija radne točke crpke zbog Tyfocor radnog medija (glikola)
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4
1
5
86
7
1 Toplinska crpka2 Cijevi kolektora3 Razdjelnik4 Dovodni cjevovod5 Crpka 6 Ventil za balansiranje7 Manometar (obični)8 Presostat9 Automatski odzračnik10 Ekspanzijska posuda11 Sigurnosni ventil12 Punjenje-pražnjenje
Poz Naziv Opis
10
11
2
3
9
12
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaSigurnosno-tehnička oprema primarnog kruga
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1. Varijanta1. Varijanta(zemljani kolektor)(zemljani kolektor)
2. Varijanta2. Varijanta(zemljane sonde)(zemljane sonde)
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaOsnovne izvedbe sustava
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Dvostruka UDvostruka U--cijevcijev
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaZemljane sonde
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaDvostruka U-cijev
Uteg
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaSpecifični toplinski učin
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaBušenje i polaganje cijevi
Razmak bušotina: min 6 m
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaPunjenje suspenzijom cement + bentonit
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zemlja/vodaRazdjelnik i sabirnik
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Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki Projektiranje i izvođenje toplinskih crpki sustavasustava
zrak / vodazrak / voda
Osnovni modeli: → VITOCAL 300, typ AWVITOCAL 350, typ AWO
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaUnutarnja ugradnja (Vitocal 300 AW)
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaVanjska ugradnja (Vitocal 350 AWO)
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-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15Aussentemperatur in °C
0
50
100Le
istu
ng in
%
Kotao iliel. grijač Toplinska pumpa
Vanjska temperatura ºC
Opt
ereć
enje
%
Ogrjevni učin toplinske pumpe
Potrebna snagaza grijanje
Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaDijagram učina
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaUgradnja el. grijača
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaVanjska ugradnja (Vitocal 350 AWO) - dispozicija
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Sustav toplinskih crpki - zrak/vodaVanjska ugradnja (Vitocal 350 AWO) - postavljanje
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VITOCAL 300Regulacijska jedinica CD 60
- regulacija jednog kruga grijanja bezmješača ili do dva sa mješačima
- regul. ovisna o vanjskoj temperaturi,programibilna u pogledu vremenskihintervala grijanja
- regulacija solarnog sustava- regulacija "pasivnog hlađenja"- upravljanje TC sa dva kompresora- aktiviranje dodatnog izvora topline- sustav dijagnoze greške- statistički prikaz parametara
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VITOCAL 300Regulacijska jedinica CD 60
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Bitte beachten !Das Überströmventil am letzten Heizstrang ist zwingend erforderlich und muss einreguliert werden
VITOCAL 300
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*1 Min. ein DN größer als restliche Rohrleitungen, jedoch min. DN 25.
VITOCAL 300
25 - 35 lit/kW
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VITOCAL 300
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VITOCAL 300
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*1 Min. ein DN größer als restliche Rohrleitungen, jedoch min. DN 25.
VITOCAL 300
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VITOCAL 300