tcef; (1) - y#dyu©udk em;vnfjcif; · 80 y#dyu©sifh nidrf;csrf;a&; tudkrdwfuf &mvufp tcef;...

80

y#dyu©ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; - tBudKrdwfquf q&mvufpGJ

tcef; (1) - y#dyu©udk

em;vnfjcif;

pmrsufESm (4)

1.1 - y#dyu©tqifhrsm;

tBudKoifcef;pm

1/ wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;rS y#dyu© 10 rsdK;udk

pm&if;jyKpkyg/ ¤if;y#dyu©rsm;onf tBuD;pm; y#dyu©rsm;

vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ Oyrm - jrpfqHka&umwm y#dyu©

odkYr[kwf tao;pm; y#dyu©wpfck? Oyrm - tpfudkESifh

tpfronf qkdifu,fwpfpD;twGuf tcsif;rsm;aeMuonf/

• ¤if;y#dyu©rsm;ukd oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/

2/ wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh? oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;xm;aom

y#dyu©rsm;ukd wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tMum;? vlrItpk

tzGJUrsm;tMum;ESifh EkdifiHrsm;tMum;wGif jzpfyGm;aom

y#dyu©rsm;tjzpf trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;yg/

• ¤if;wdkYukd oifykef;ay:wGif trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;a&;om;yg/

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;

wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©rsm;

- ajr&SifwpfOD;rS ajriSm;&rf;olrsm; rwwfEdkifonfh

yrmPtxd ajriSm;cudk wkd;jr§ifhvdkonf/

- uRefawmfûRefr wufa&mufcsifaom ygwDyGJodkY

oli,fcsif;rS uRefawmfûRefrudk rzdwfMum;cJhyg/

- vifr,m;ESpfa,mufonf ¤if;wdkY\uav; ausmif;

wuf&rnf (odk Y) tvkyfvkyf&rnf ponfjzifh

tjiif;yGm; &efjzpfaeMuonf/

vlrItpktzGJUrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©rsm;

- &Srf;jynfawmifydkif; r[mrdwfwyfrawmfESifh jrefrm

tpdk;& ppfwyftMum; jzpfyGm;aom jynfwGif;ppf/

- tpkd;&\ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;ESifh ywfouf

NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;rS qE´jyjcif;/

- Oya'topfESifh ywfoufNyD; vdkif;um;orm;rsm;rS

qE´jy xkwfazmfjcif;/

- vufyHawmif;awmif aMu;eDwl;azmfa&; pDrHudef;ESifh

ywfoufNyD; qEjy xkwfazmfjcif;/

- &ckdifjynfe,fwGif jzpfyGm;aeaom vlrsdK;a&; y#dyu©

rsm;/

EdkifiHrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©rsm;

- ppfat;wdkufyGJ

- 'kwd,urÇmppfyGJ

- tmz*efepöwefppfyGJ (2001 ckESpf)

- yxr t*Fvdyf - jrefrm ppfyGJ (1824 - 1826 ckESpf)

pmrsufESm (7)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tajctaewpfckcsif;pD&Sd y#dyu©

tqifhrsm;udk trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;yg/

tajzrsm;

1/ wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tMum;

2/ EdkifiHrsm;tMum;

3/ vlrItpktzGJUrsm;tMum;


5/ EdkifiHrsm;tMum;


7/ wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tMum; (odkY) vlrItpktzGJUrsm;

tMum; / / þtajctaeonf wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;

tMum; (odkY) vlrItpktzGJUrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom y#dyu©

wpfckck jzpfEdkifygonf/ yg0ifonfh Zmwfaumifrsm;rSm

wpfOD;csif;vlyk*¾dKvfESpfOD; jzpfMuonf/ okdYaomfvnf;

rwlnDaom vlrItpktzGJUrsm;vnf; yg0ifEdkifygonf/

Oyrm - &ckdiftrsdK;om;wpfa,mufrS ArmvlrsdK; tm;vHk;

onf ½kdif;pkdif;Muonf[k xifjrif,lqonf/



jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsuf

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk pOf;pm;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\

tawG;tjrifrsm;udk r*¾Zif;wpfckxJwGif a&;om;yg/ (odkY)

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí

aqG;aEG; yg/

81


pmrsufESm (8)

1.2 - y#dyu©twGif;rS Zmwfaumif

rsm;

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ tawG;

tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/

pmrsufESm (9)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS Oyrmay;xm;aom jzpf&yfrsm;udk

zwf½INyD; jzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDwGif t"du yg0ifyHhykd;xm;aom

Zmwfaumifrsm;udk trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;yg/

• tcsdKUaom jzpf&yfrsm;wGif yHhykd;rIay;onfh Zmwfaumifrsm;

ryg0ifaMumif;ESifh y#dyu© wpfckwGif t"duZmwfaumif

ESpfaumifxuf ydkaom Zmwfaumifrsm; yg0ifaMumif;

&Sif;jyyg/

tajzrsm;

(u) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / pd ki f;ausmf0if;?

eef;qefvsef

yHhydk;rIay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; / / ¤if;wdkY\ uav;

rsm;

(c) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / apmatmifrsdK;? ol\

rdcifESifh zcif

yHhydk;rIay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; / / ¤if;\ tzdk;

jzpfol

(*) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / pHyD;ESifh ¤if;\ rdbrsm;

yHhydk;rIay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; / / olZm - olronf

pHyD;ESifh ¤if;\ rdbrsm;tMum; y#dyu©wGif yg0ifrI

tay: rlwnfNyD; y#dyu© umvtwGif; yg0ifonfh

t"duZmwfaumifwpfOD;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/

(C) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / udka&T&? udkNzdK;armif

(i) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / qefapmrf(0f)? qdkifZD

(p) t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / atmifatmif? eE´m?

EGef;[ef

yHhydk;rIay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; / / q&m^rrsm;? tjcm;

ausmif;ol om;rsm;? q&mudk t"duZmwfaumifrsm;

tjzpf owfrSwfí r&Ekdifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

pDrHudef;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ausmif;olôm;rsm;udk

udk,fhbmomudk qHk;jzwfcsufcscGifh jyKxm;aomaMumifh

jzpfonf/

tjcm;aom ausmif;ol om;rsm;uvnf; atmifatmif?

eE´m (odkY) EGef;[efwdkY\ ½Iaxmifhrsm;udkvnf; yHhydk;rI

ay;Ekdifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf aqG;aEG;pum;0dkif;wGif

pdwf0ifpm;rI r&SdbJ oD;jcm;aecsifvnf; aeEdkifonf/

odkYr[kwf ¤if;wdkY\ oD;jcm;tawG;tjrifudkvnf;

wifjy tqdkjyKEdkifonf/ aemufqufwGJ jyóemrsm;

wGif ¤if;wdkY udk,fwkdifyif t"duZmwfaumifrsm;

jzpfvmEkdifonf/

pmrsufESm (10)

vkyfief;rsm; - t&HZmwfaumifrsm;\ u@

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tcef; 1.2 &Sd jzpf&yfrsm;udk

jyefvnf avhvm&rnf/

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzpfap odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzpfap?

¤if;wdkYrS jzpf&yfwpfckcktm; a&G;cs,fNyD; ay;xm;aom

pmom;xJwGif ryg0ifonfh tjcm; jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom yHhydk;rI

ay;onfh Zmwfaumifrsm;ukd awG;Munfhyg/

2/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom Zmwfaumifrsm;

vkyfaqmifEkdifonfh vkyf&yfrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;ajymqkdEkdifonf/

• y#dyu©\ wpfzufzuftm; yHhykd;rIay;jcif;onf wpfckwnf;

aom jzpfEkdifajc&Sdonfh Zmwfaumifu@jzpfaMumif; azmfjy

yg/ yHhydk;rIay;onfh ZmwfaumifwpfOD;\ vkyf&yfrsm;wGif

atmufygtcsufrsm; yg0ifonf/

- y#dyu©wpfck jzpfyGm;&ef vkyfaqmif&mwGif tultnD

ay;jcif;/

- t"duZmwfaumif wpfOD;OD;tm; yHhydk;rIay;jcif; (odkY)

¤if;wdkY\ ½Iaxmifhtm; yHhydk;rIay;jcif;/

- y#dyu©'PfaMumifh emusifcHpm;&jcif;/

- ZmwfaumifwpfOD; odkYr[kwf ESpfOD;pvHk;tay:wGif

vTrf;rdk;rI&Sdjcif;/

- y#dyu©tm; vHIYaqmfay;jcif;/

jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;

(u) t&HZmwfaumifrsm; / / eef;qefvsef\ rdbrsm;/

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; / / pdkif;ausmf0if;tm; ¤if;wdkYxH

vma&mufvnfywf&ef pnf;½Hk;jcif;/

yg0ifrIu@ / / t"duZmwfaumif wpfOD;tm;

yhHydk;rIay;jcif;/

(c) t&HZmwfaumifrsm; / / apmatmifrsdK;\ &nf;pm;

vkyfaqmifcsuf / / atmifrsdK; ausmif;rwufygu

olrrS ¤if;tm; edrfhcsajymqdkrnf jzpfonfhtwGuf

rdbrsm;u ausmif;wuf&ef tm;ay;pum; ajymMum;

onf/

yg0ifrIu@ / / t"duZmwfaumif wpfOD;tm;

yHhydk;rIay;jcif;/

82


(*) t&HZmwfaumifrsm; / / pHyD; rdom;pk\ w&m;a[m

q&m/

vkyfaqmifcsuf / / ESpfzufZmwfaumifrsm;tm;

ajz&Sif;csuf enf;vrf;wpfcktm; &SmazG&ef ajymMum;

jcif;/

yg0ifrIu@ / / y#dyu©tm; vHIYaqmfay;jcif;/

(C) t&HZmwfaumifrsm; / / udka&T&ESifh udkNzdK;armif\

oli,fcsif;rsm;/

vkyfaqmifcsuf / / udka&T&onf ¤if;\ oli,fcsif;

rsm;u olwdkYzufyg&ef wdkufwGef;aeaomaMumifh

t&SufuGJ&onf/

yg0ifrIu@ / / y#dyu©'PfaMumifh emusifcHpm;

&jcif;/

(i) t&HZmwfaumifrsm; / / nDtpfrESpfa,muf\

rdcif/

vkyfaqmifcsuf / / qefapmrf(0f) aps;roGm;rD

t½kyfrtm; qdkifZDtm; ay;tyf&ef/

yg0ifrIu@ / / ESpfzufZmwfaumifrsm;tay:wGif

vTrf;rdk;jcif;/

(p) t&HZmwfaumif / / ausmif;tkyf q&m^r

vkyfaqmifcsuf / / ausmif;tkyfq&mrrS ausmif;wGif

'Drdkua&pDpepf usifhoHk;apcsifaomaMumifh ausmif;om;

rsm; oif,lvG,fonfh enf;vrf;udk a&G;cs,fcGifhjyK&ef

q&m^rrsm;udk ajymMum;cJhonf/

yg0ifrIu@ / / Zmwfaumifrsm;tay:wGif vTrf;rdk;

jcif;/

pmrsufESm (12)

jrefrmha&;&m

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS pmtkyfyg taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

zwf½INyD; ¤if;wdkY em;rvnfonfhtcsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;

ajymMum;yg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/


1/ &efukeftarGtESpf xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU

'vNrdKUrS &efukefNrdKUawmf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIaumfrwD tzGJU0if

rsm;/ Oyrm - roEÅm

2/ &efukeftarGtESpf xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUrS þ

e,fajr twGif;&Sd a&S;a[mif;taqmufttHkrsm;udk e*dk

twkdif; xdef;odrf;xm;csifMuonf/

&efukefNrdKUawmf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIaumfrwDu 'vbufjcrf;

rS vlrsm; vHkNcHKpGm vrf;jzwful;Edkif&eftwGuf vrf;avQmuf

wHwm;wpfck wnfaqmufcsifMuonf/

'vNrdKUbufjcrf;rS jynfolvlxkrsm; / / Oyrm - roEÅm

u vrf;jzwful;&mwGif vHkNcHKrI &Sdcsifonf/

3/ vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm; (odkYr[kwf um;rsm;twGuf)

ajratmufvrf;rsm; azmufay;NyD; vrf;avQmufwHwm;udk

tjcm;ae&mwpfckckokdY a&TUajymif;&ef/

wHwm;udkvnf; teD;tem;&Sd a&S;a[mif;taqmufttHk

rsm;ESifh udkufnDonfhpwkdiftwkdif; wnfaqmuf&ef/

jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsuf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk awG;awmpOf;pm;

MuNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tjrifrsm;udk r*¾Zif;wpfckwGif a&;om;

yg/ odkYr[kwf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí

aqG;aEG; Muyg/

pmrsufESm (13)

1.3 - y#dyu©\ aumif;usdK;ESifh

qdk;usdK;rsm;

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ tawG;

tjrif rsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/


- jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;/

- y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufNyD; ydkrdk oif,l&&SdEdkifonfh

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;/

- y#dyu©wpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; topf odkYr[kwf

tjcm; aom ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk awG;ac:Ekdifonfh

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;/

- qufqHa&;wpfckck wdk;wufrI &&SdEkdifonfh tcGifhtvrf;

rsm;/

- y#dyu©wpfcktm; ydkrdk qdk;&Gm;vmEkdifonfh tajctae

rS BudKwifumuG,fay;Ekdif&ef tcGifhtvrf;/

- tjcm;wpfa,mufa,muf\ ½IaxmifhrS MunfhjrifEkdif

onfh tcGifhtvrf;/

pmrsufESm (11)

jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk pOf;pm;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\

pdwful;tawG;rsm;udk csa&;NyD; (odkYr[kwf)

• ausmif;om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd tzGJUrsm;twGif;

aqG;aEG; onf/

83


vkyfief;rsm; - y#dyu©\ tqdk;? taumif;

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ]y#dyu©} ESifh qufET,fonfh

pum;vHk; rsm;tm; pm&if;jyKpkyg/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS jyKpkxm;

aom pm&if;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/ ¤if;wdkYwGif wlnDaom

pum;vHk; &Sd? r&Sd ppfaq;yg/

3/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY jyKpkxm;aom pm&if;rsm;&Sd

pum;vHk;rsm;udk rnfonfhtusdK;rS rjyKaom (ESifh) qdk;usdK;

jzpfapaom[k trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;yg/


aumif;usdK; rnfonfhtusdK;rS qdk;usdK;

jzpfapaom rjyKaom jzpfapaom

tcGifhtvrf; cufcJonf qkd;onf

oabmwlnDcsuf jyóemrsm; (jynfwGif;) ppf

ajz&Sif;csuf jiif;ckHjcif; wkdufcdkufjcif;

tcGifhta&;rsm; pdwfcHpm;csufESifh tMurf;zufrI

qdkifaom

n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;jcif; pmcsKyf tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom

aqG;aEG;jcif; t"duZmwfaumif aoewfrsm;

tusdK;tjrwf tmPm bufvdkufrIrsm;

vkyfydkifcGifh aumv[mvrsm;

tpnf;ta0; rrQwjcif;

vmbfpm;jcif;

vufeufrsm;

a'goxGufjcif;

cGJjcm;qufqHonf

atmfaigufjcif;

4/ tcef;wpf0dkuf vdkufywfNyD; txufyg ay;xm;aom

pm&if; oHk;ckrS rnfonfh pum;vHk;rsm;onf trsm;qHk;

yg0if onfudk ar;jref;yg/

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ tajzrsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ rnfonfh

pm&if;wGif pum;vHk;trsm;qHk; yg0ifygoenf;/

• tu,fí rnfonfhtusdK;rSrjyKaomESifh qdk;usdK;jzpfap

aom pum;vHk;rsm;u aumif;usdK;jzpfapaom pum;vHk;

rsm;xuf ydkrdk rsm;jym;aeygu? ¤if;tjcif;t&monf

y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufNyD; vltrsm;\ tjrifu rnfonfh

t&mukd qdkvdkaMumif; ausmif;ol om;rsm;udk ar;jref;yg/

pmrsufESm (14)

jrefrmha&;&m

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom pmom;rsm;udk zwf½I

NyD; ¤if;wdkY em;rvnfonfhtcsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajym

Mum;yg/



1/ vTwfawmftzGJU0ifrsm;rS a'ocHrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk

awGU&SdrdNyD; a'ocHrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;u a'ocHrsm;\

vkyfief; rsm;udk ykdrdk aumif;rGefvmaponfhtjyif vTwfawmf

tzGJU0ifrsm;twGufyg jynfolvlxkxHrS axmufcHtm;ay;

udk xyfavmif; &&Sd&ef taxmuftul jzpfapygonf/

e,fajrcH EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxktMum;wGif

qufqHa&; ydkrdk tm;aumif;vmapygonf/

2/ a'ocH &Gmol? &Gmom;rsm;uvnf; &mxl;&mcHjrifhrm;aom

EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;xH wdkuf½dkufajymqkd&ef ,HkMunfrI&Sdvm

NyD; &mxl;jrifh EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk

vnf; oif,lavhvmEkdifMuonfhtjyif ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fykdif

NrdKUe,f twGif; oifwef;rsm; wufa&muf&efESifh tvkyf

tudkif &&Sd&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ydkrdk &&SdvmMuonf/

xdkYtjyif a'ocH EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk

tMum;&Sd qufqHa&;vnf; ydkrdk wdk;wufvmonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk awG;ac:pOf;pm;NyD;

¤if;wdkY\ tawG;tjrifrsm;udk r*¾Zif;wpfckckwGif a&;om;

azmfjyyg/ odkYr[kwf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tkyfpkzGJUNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;

yg/

pmrsufESm (15)

1.4 - y#dyu©\ rlvZpfjrpfrsm;

tBudKoifcef;pm




1/ em;vnfrIvGJjcif;? qufoG,fa&; rSm;,Gif;jcif;/

- rwlnDaom tjrifrsm; odkYr[kwf ½Iaxmifhrsm;/

- t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; &&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf ydkifqkdifjcif;/

- Zmwfaumifrsm;\ &nfrSef;csuf yef;wkdifrsm;tMum;

o[Zmw rrQjcif;/

84


3/ ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;^ vdktyfcsufwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf &rSwf

rsm;udk aygif;yg (¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkif&rSwfrsm;udk xnfh

aygif;yg)/

4/ wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh? &v'frsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

5/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmif? wifjycsuf

wpfckck odkYr[kwf aqG;aEG;jcif;wpfckck jyKvkyf&ef a&G;cs,f

yg/ þu@onf ausmif;ol om; vlOD;a&ay:wGifvnf;

rlwnfygonf/

• aqG;aEG;jcif;jyKvkyfjcif;? tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif;

odkYr[kwf wifjycsufwpfckck jyKvkyfjcif;wkdYonf ppfwrf;

\ &v'frsm;udk &SSif;jyNyD; qef;ppfrIrsm; jyKvkyf&rnf/

pmrsufESm (20)

jrefrmha&;&m

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd

zwf½INyD; ¤if;wdkY em;rvnfonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd

&Sif;vif;wifjyyg/



1/ t"duZmwfaumifrsm; / / wdk;wufaom Ak'¨bmom

u&iftrsdK;om;wyfzGJU (DKBA) ESifh tpkd;& (jrefrm)

ppfwyf^ wyfrawmf

yHhydk;rIay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; / / xkdif;ukrÜPDrsm;?

xdkif;tpkd;&? u&if? &Srf;ESifh u,m;jynfe,frS tjcm;aom

wkdif;&if;om; vufeufudkifrsm;? oHvGifjrpfeHab;&Sd

a'ocH jynfolrsm;? oHvGifjrpfapmifhMunfha&;tzGJU

2/ a'ocHjynfolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;

- 0rf;a&;zlvHkrI (vQyfppfrD;? 0ifaiGESifh tpm;taomuf

twGuf ig;zrf;cGifh&&Sda&;)

- vHkNcHKa&; (y#dyu©rsm;rS vHkNcHKjcif;? toufarG;0rf;

ausmif;rI vkyfief;wpfck&Sdjcif;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f

rsm; r&Sdaom aumif;rGefonfh obm0ywf0ef;usif

wGif aexkdifEdkifjcif;)

- yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif; (¤if;wkdY\ ywf0ef;usifwGif

a&umwm pDrHudef;wpfckck wnfaqmufrnf? rwnf

aqmuf rnfudk qHk;jzwfEkdif&ef? Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOf

wGif yg0ifvkyfaqmifEkdif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;)

- udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;twGuf)

- em;vnfoabmaygufrI (a&umwmaqmufvkyfjcif;

u ¤if;wdkYtay:wGif rnfodkYaom oufa&mufrIrsm;

&Sdvmrnf)/

- &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifwpfcktm; atmifjrifrI&&Sd&ef

taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;tm; oabmwlnDrI r&Sdjcif;/

- Zmwfaumifrsm;tcsif;csif; rMudKufESpfoufjcif;ESifh

taESmifht,Sufay;jcif;/

- Zmwfaumifrsm;tMum; ,cif&SdcJhaom y#dyu©ordkif;

ESifh ¤if;ordkif;aMumif;tm; ausmfjzwf&ef tpGrf;tp

r&Sdjcif;/

- Zmwfaumifrsm; tMum;&Sd tmPm rwlnDrIrsm;/

pmrsufESm (17)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;tyfxm;aom ½kyfyHkrsm;ESifh

udkufnDonfh vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk wGJpyfyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ *

2/ Z

3/ C

4/ i

5/ c

6/ q

7/ p

8/ ps

9/ u

pmrsufESm (18)

vkyfief;rsm; - vlom;vdktyfcsufrsm; ppfwrf;

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ppfwrf;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkYudk,fwkdif

jznfhpGufyg/

2/ twef;jyifyrS vl 9 a,mufudk ppfwrf;tm; yg0if

jznfhpGuf&ef ar;jref;NyD; &v'frsm;udk rSwfwrf;jyKpkyg/

• tu,fí jzpfekdifrnfqdkygu? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS

twef;jyify&Sd vlrsm;ukd ppfwrf;aumuf,loifhonf/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ppfwrf;rsm;udk rdwåLrul;,lbJ

ppfwrf;ajzqdkolrsm;udk rsufESmcsif;qkdif ar;cGef;rsm;

ar;jref;jcif;tm; vkyfaqmifEkdifonf/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tajzrsm;udk pmrsufESm 17 &Sd

Z,m; wGif rSwfwrf;wif&rnf (odkYr[kwf pmrsufESm 17

rS Z,m;tm; ul;,lNyD; &rSwfrsm;udk rSwfom;xm;yg)/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS &rSwfrsm;udk aygif;NyD; tajzwpfck

csif;pDtwGuf yQrf;rQ&rSwfrsm;udk wGufcsufyg/

85


jrefrmppfwyf (wyfrawmf) rS atmufygtcsufrsm;udk vdktyf

onf/

- vHkNcHKa&; (wdk;wufaom Ak'¨bmom u&iftrsdK;om;

wyfzGJUrS jrefrmppfwyf^ jrefrmtpdk;&\ vHkNcHKa&;udk

Ncdrf;ajcmuf aeonf/)

- 0rf;a&;zlvHkrI (¤if;wkdY\ ppfom;rsm;ESihf ppfom;

rdom;pk rsm;\ tpm;taomufESifh tdrf&maxmufyHhrI

rsm; twGuf ¤if;wdkY axmufyHhay;&onfh twGuf

aMumihf jzpfonf/)

- jzpfwnfrI (ppfom;rsm;tjzpf? jynfaxmifpkwpfcktm;

umuG,folrsm;tjzpf)

wdk;wufaom Ak'¨bmom u&iftrsdK;om;wyfzGJUrS atmufyg

tcsufrsm; ukd vdktyfonf/

- vHkNcHKa&; (¤if;wdkY\ vHkNcHKa&;ESifh ¤if;wdkY tajccs&m

vlrItokdif;t0dkif;twGuf)

- jzpfwnfrI (wkdif;&if;om;wpfa,muftjzpf? wdkif;&if;

om; tcGifhta&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItm; umuG,fol

tjzpf)

- yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif; (¤if;wdkY\ vlrItodkif;t0dkif;ESifh

ywf0ef;usifwGif rnfodkYaom a&umwmpDrHudef;rsm;

vkyfaqmifrnfudk qHk;jzwf&mwGif yg0ifvkyfaqmif&ef

tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sd&ef)

- udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (¤if;wkd Y\ e,fajr^u&if

jynfe,f wGif ¤if;wdkYudk,fwkdif tkyfcsKyfcGifh &&Sdxm;

aMumif; cHpm;apEdkif&ef)

3/ obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;onf wdk;wufaom Ak'bmom

u&iftrsdK;om;wyfzGJUESifh jrefrmppfwyftMum; wkdufckdufrI

\ wpfckwnf;aom taMumif;jycsuf r[kwfbJ ESpfzuf

Zmwfaumifrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm; r&&Sdvmygu wdkufckduf

rIrsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;aerSmyJ jzpfonf/

- vdktyfcsufrsm;onf y#dyu©\ tjrpfwG,faeaom

tajccH&if;jrpfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf y#dyu©

jzpfyGm;&onfh yifr&if;jrpfrsm; jzpfonfhtwGuf

obm0 t&if;tjrpfrsm;xuf ydkí ta&;BuD;onf/

- vdktyfcsufrsm;udk vlwkdif; em;vnfoabmayguf

MuNyD; ¤if;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk r&&Sdonfh cHpm;csufrsm;

ukdvnf; em;vnfoabmaygufMuonf/

- vkdtyfcsufrsm;taMumif; ajymqdkjcif;onf y#dyu©

twGif;&Sd Zmwfaumiftm;vHk;ukd ¤if;wdkY\ vdktyfcsuf

rsm; &&Sd&ef [efYwm;aeaom jyóemrsm;ESifh

ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&ef ESpfOD;ESpfzuf rQw

aom tajctaeudk jzpfay:apygonf/

pmrsufESm (21)

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUíjzpfap?

ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

• atmufygtcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfyg/

- vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk r&&Sdjcif;onf yHkrSeftm;jzifh 0rf;enf;

jcif;? pdwftvdkrusjcif;? a'gojzpfjcif;? txD;usef

jcif;? odrfi,fjcif;? aMumuf&GHUjcif; ponfjzifh tysuf

oabmaqmifaom cHpm;csufrsm;udk jzpfay:aponf/

- vltrsm; tpmiwfjcif;aMumifh aoqHk;ukefvQif

rnfonfh t&mrsm;udkrS oif,lavhvmEkdifjcif;

odkYr[kwf tem;,ljcif;ESifh aysmf&TifrIrsm; &&SdrSm r[kwf

onfh twGufaMumifh 0rf;pmzlvHka&; vdktyfcsufrsm;

udk em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; odkYr[kwf pnf;pdrf

vdktyfcsufrsm;xuf yHkrSeftm;jzifh ydkNyD; OD;pm;ay;wwf

Mu onf/

- tMurf;zufy#dyu©wpfckcktwGif; vltrsm; towfcH

&vQif ¤if;wdkY\ vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wGif yg0ifrvkyf

aqmifEkdifjcif; odkYr[kwf wpfckcktm; zefwD;EkdifrI

r&Sdjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;aMumifh vHkNcHKa&;vdktyfcsuf

udk yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif; odk Yr[kwf cHpm;csuf

xkwfazmfjcif; vdktyfcsufrsm;xuf rsm;aomtm;jzifh

OD;pm;ay;Muonf/

pmrsufESm (22)

1.5 - trSwftom;o½kyfvu©Pm

rsm;u y#dyu©\ taMumif;

t&if;cH jzpfvmjcif;

tBudKoifcef;pm


tjrifrsm; udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/

86


pmrsufESm (25)

1.6 - pHwefzdk;xm;rIrsm;u y#dyu©

\ taMumif;t&if;cH

jzpfvmjcif;

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ tawG;

tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/

vkyfief;rsm; - o½kyfvu©Pmjy yef;yGifh

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom yHkxJ&Sd trsdK;orD;tm;

Munfh½INyD; ¤if;trsdK;orD;ESifh ywfoufaom o½kyf

vu©Pmjy yef;yGifh wpfyGifhtm; a&;qGJyg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS trsdK;orD;yHkwGif ¤if;wdkY awGUjrif&

aom o½kyfvu©PmwpfckpDtm; yGifhzwftcsdKUay:wGif

a&;om;yg/

• tjcm;usef&Sdonfh yGifhzwfrsm;ay:wGif ausmif;ol om;rsm;

rS rjrifawGUEdkifonfh o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;ukd a&;om;yg/


1/ ytkd0f;vlrsdK;? rdcifwpfOD;? aps;onf

2/ tpfr? Ak'¨bmom0iforD;wpfa,muf? ½dk;&m"avhtu

r,f? ajr&mtcGifhta&; vIyf&Sm;olwpfOD;

pmrsufESm (24)

jrefrmha&;&m

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

zwf½INyD; em;rvnfonfh tcsufrsm;ukd wifjyar;jref;yg/



1/ o½kyfvu©Pm\ ta&;BuD;aom tpdwftydkif;ESpfck

jzpfonfh bmompum;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIwdkYudk ynma&;rS

wpfqifh qufvuf xdef;odrf;xm;onf/

2/ o½kyfvu©Pm (jzpfwnfrI) tm; rsdK;qufwkdif;udk

oifMum; ay;jcif;jzifh o½kyfvu©Pm a&&SnfwnfwHhatmif

xdef;odrf;jcif;tm; ynma&;u taxmuftul jzpfap

onf/

3/ u&ifynma&;Xme (Karen Education Department –

KED) onf u&ifwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK; o½kyfvu©Pmudk

qufvuf xdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf ynma&;udk toHk;jyK

NyD; u&ifordkif;ESifh u&ifbmompum;ukd ¤if;wdkY\

ausmif;rsm;wGif xnfhoGif; oifMum;jyovQuf&Sdonf/

ausmif;olôm;rsm; &&Sdonfh tusdK;aus;Zl; / /

ausmif;ol^ om;rsm;onf y#dyu©umvtwGif;ESif h

'ku©onf rsm;tjzpf ynma&;udk oif,l&&SdEkdifMuonf/

xdkYtjyif ¤if;wdkY\ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;ordkif;ESifh bmom

pum; xnfhoGif;xm;aom ynma&;udkvnf; oif,lEdkif

Muonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&ef pOf;pm;

awG;ac:MuNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tjrifrsm;udk r*¾Zif;wpfckckwGif

a&;om;yg/ okdYr[kwf

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk tkkyfpkkzGJU aqG;aEG;yg/

pmrsufESm (23)

avhusifhcef;

• ay;xm;csufrsm; rSefonf^rSm;onfudk ausmif;olôm;

rsm;rS qHk;jzwfyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ rSm;onf

2/ rSefonf

3/ rSm;onf

4/ rSefonf

5/ rSefonf

vkyfief;rsm; - uRefawmf r\ o½kyfvu©Pmjy

yef;yGifh

1/ pm&GufBuD;wpf&Gufay:wGif ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY

\ o½kyfvu©Pmjy yef;yGifhrsm;udk a&;qGJyg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkYwGif jrifawGUEkdifaom? rjrif

awGUEdkifaom o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;udk yGifhzwfrsm;ay:wGif

a&;om;yg/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS o½kyf

vu©Pmjy yef;yGifhrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk

aqG;aEG; yg/

• oifwdkY qE&Sdygu? ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ o½kyfvu©Pm

jy yef;yGifhrsm;udk eH&Hay:wGif uyf&ef ajymMum;Ekdifonf/

87


pmrsufESm (26)

avhusihfcef;

tajzrsm;

u? *? i

vkyfief;rsm; - pHwefzdk;rsm;ppfwrf;? tydkif; 1

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;xm;aomtcsufrsm;udk zwf½I

NyD; ¤if;wdkY em;rvnfonfhtcsufrsm;ukd wifjyar;jref;yg/

• wpfa,mufcsif;pDjzifh? ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;csuf

wpfcsufcsif;pDESifh ¤if;wdkY oabmwlonf? oabmrwl

onfudk qHk;jzwfMuyg/

2/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY oabmtwlqHk;jzpfonfh

tcsuf 5 csufudk a&G;cs,fyg/

pmrsufESm (30)

jrefrmha&;&m


zwf½INyD; em;rvnfonfhtcsufrsm;udk wifjyar;jref;yg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd ajzqdkyg/


1/ bk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif;onf rGefjrwfoefYpifrI\

pHwefzdk;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ bk&m;ausmif;topf

wpfausmif; xyfraqmufEkdifjcif;onf vltrsm;u

¤if;wdkY \ rGefjrwfoefYpifrIpHwefzdk;ESifh aeYpOfaeYwdkif;

xdawGUrI &Sd&ef tcuftcJjzpfaeaMumif; t"dyÜm,f

aumufEdkifonf/

2/ bk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif; jyefvnfwnfaqmufEkdifjcif;

uvnf; wef;wlnDrQrI pHwefzdk;ukd nTefjyonfhtcsufyJ

jzpfonf/ tu,fí wef;wlnDrQrIonf þvlYtzGJUtpnf;

pmrsufESm (28)

vkyfief;rsm; - pHwefzdk;rsm;ppfwrf;? tydkif; 2

1/ ¤if;wkdY a&G;cs,fxm;onfhtcsufrsm;udk pHwefzdk;rsm;

ppfwrf; 'kwd,ykdif;&Sd pHwefzdk;rsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJyg/

2/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS tqdkyg pHEIef;rsm;udk yHhykd;rIay;onfh

¤if;wdkY\ yHkrSefvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd pm&if;jyKpkyg/

Oyrm - tu,fí usef;rma&;onf ta&;BuD;aom

pHwefzdk;jzpfygu? vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif yHkrSef avhusifhcef;

vkyfjcif;ESifh aeYpOfaeYwkdif; opfoD;rsm; pm;oHk;jcif;wdkY

yg0ifEkdifonf/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ausmif;ol^

om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;yg/

\ ta&;BuD;aom pHwefzdk;wpfckjzpfygu? vlrsm;pk

bmoma&; tzGJUrS tjcm; bmomudk;uG,fol vlenf;pktm;

wlnDpGm rqufqHjcif;onf tqdkyg vlYtzGJUtpnf;&Sd

vlrsm; onf ¤if;wkdY\ wef;wlnDrQrI pHwefzdk;twkdif;

aexkdifrI r&SdaMumif; ay:vGifaponf/

3/ rSefygonf/ tzGJUESpfzGJUwGif rwlnDaom pHwefzdk;rsm; &SdMu

ygonf/ tajzrsm;onf tzGJUwpfzGJUcsif;pD\ pHwefzdk;rsm;

tvdkuf ajymif;vJrI&SdEdkifonf/

- rSefygonf/ tpdk;&rS ¤if;wdkY\ pHwefzdk;rsm;onf

[dE´L bmom udk;uG,folrsm;\ pHwefzdk;xuf ydkrdk

ta&;BuD; onf[k xifjrif,lqxm;onf/

- rSefygonf/ [dE´Lbmomudk;uG,folrsm;uvnf;

¤if;wdkY\ pHwefzdk;rsm;onf tpdk;&\ pHwefzdk;rsm;

xuf ydkrdk ta&;BuD;onf[k xifjrif,lqxm;onf/

- rrSefygbl;/ tzGJUESpfzGJUpvHk;u ¤if;wkdY\ pHwefzdk;rsm;

onf wlnDpGm ta&;BuD;onf[k xifjrif,lqNyD;

¤if;wdkY \ &nfrSef;csufrsm; ([dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;

tzGJUbufrS bk&m;ausmif;topfwpfausmif; &&Sdonf/

tpdk;&uvnf; vdktyfaom tdrf&mtaqmufttHkrsm;

aqmufvkyf&ef ajrae&m &&SdoGm;onf/) &&Sd&eftwGuf

twlwuG yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif&ef qE&SdMuonf/

pmrsufESm (31)

jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsuf

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd pOf;pm;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\

tawG;tjrifrsm;ukd r*¾Zif;wpfckckwGif a&;om;yg/

odkYr[kwf

• tkyfpkrsm; zGJUí ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;yg/

pmrsufESm (32)

ed*Hk;csKyf

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiH\ tmacs;vlrsdK;a&;

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuftm; zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;ukd ajzqdkyg/


(u) tkyfpkrsm;tMum;/

(c) vGwfvyfaom tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm; vIyf&Sm;rI (Free

Aceh Movement)? tif'dkeD;&Sm; tpdk;&ESifh ppfwyf/

(*) vGwfvyfaom tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm; vIyf&Sm;rI\ &nfrSef;

csuf / / vGwfvyfa&; &&Sd&ef? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh

&&Sd&efESifh tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;twGuf obm0 o,H

Zmw rsm;ukd pDrHcefYcGJEdkif&ef/

88


tydk vkyfief;pOf - owif;rD'D,may:wGif jzpfyGm;aom

y#dyu©

• vIyf&Sm;rI rjyKvkyfcif? owif;pmtcsdKUtm; pkaqmif;

yg odkYr[kwf ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkaqmif;ckdif;yg/

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS tkyfpktvkduf owif;pm

zwf½Iyg/

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS y#dyu©taMumif; a&;om;

xm;aom aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd owif;pmxJwGif &Smyg/

- y#dyu©\ jyóemrSm tb,fenf;/

- jzpfyGm;aeonfh y#dyu©\ tqifhrSm tb,f

enf;/

- t"duZmwfaumifrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ ¤if;wdkY

\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

- t&HZmwfaumifrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

- y#dyu© rnfodkY pwifjzpfyGm;cJhoenf;/ rnfodkY

NyD;qHk;cJhoenf;/ NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhNyD; jzpfygovm;/

- y#dyu©twGif; usm;? r u@onf rnfonfh

tcef;rS yg0if vkyfaqmifoenf;/

- ESpfzufpvHk;rS ¤if;wdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk r&&SdcJhMu

ao;ay/

- tif'dkeD;&Sm;tpdk;&rSvnf; ¤if;wdkY owfjzwfcJhonfh

vGwfvyfaom tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm; vIyf&Sm;rI (GAM)

ppfom;rsm; odkYr[kwf y#dyu©umvtwGif; tmacs;

vlrsdK;rsm;\ emusifcHpm;rIrsm;twGuf awmif;yef

ajymMum;&ef vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; wpfckrS rjyKvkyf&

ao;ay/

- tif'dkeD;&Sm;tpdk;&\ &nfrSef;csuf / / tmacs;

wkdif;&if;om; e,fajrtm; tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiH\ tpdwf

tydkif;tjzpf qufvuf wnfNrJap&ef (tmacs;

vlrsdK;rsm; tay: xdef;csKyfcGif htm; qufvuf

qkyfudkif xm;Ekdif&ef)? obm0o,HZmwrsm;ukd

xdef;csKyf Edkif&ef/

(C) 0rf;a&;zlvHkrI? vHkNcHKa&;? yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;?

o½kyf vu©Pm (jzpfwnfrI) xdef;odrf;&ef? udk,fydkif

tkyfcsKyfcGifh&a&;/

(i) rGefjrwfoefYpifjcif;? wef;wlrQwrI&Sdjcif;? wuf<u

Edk;Mum;aom EkdifiHom;jzpfjcif;? pdwf"mwfBuHhckdifjcif;/

(p) tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY udk;uG,fonfh bmoma&;

omvQif tif'd keD;&Sm;Ek difiH&S d tpövmrfbmom

udk;uG,frI rsm;wGif a&S;tusqHk;jzpfonf[k ,HkMunf

xm;Mu onf/ ¤if;wdkY\ bmoma&; o½kyfvu©Pm

onf tif'dkeD;&Sm; vlrsdK;rsm;\ bmoma&; o½kyf

vu©Pm ESifh rwlnDbJ uGJjym;rI&Sdonf/

- tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;onf tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiHtm; 'wfcsf

vlrsdK;rsm;rS e,fcsJUodrf;ydkufxm;aom umvtwGif;

e,fcsJUvufatmufcH jzpfcJhNyD; aemufydkif;wGif 'wfcsf

udkvdkeDe,fcsJUrsm;udk wGef;vSefwkdufxkwfcJhonf/ þ

tcsufuyif tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;\ pdwf"mwfBuHhckdifrI

udk azmfjyNyD; rsm;pGmaom tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;uvnf;

xdktcsufudk *kPf,l0ifh<um;Muonf/ þenf;jzifh

¤if;wdkY\ tmacs;wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK; o½kyfvu©Pm

onf tif'dkeD;&Sm; vlrsdK;rsm;\ o½kyfvu©PmESifh

uGmjcm; ygonf/

(q) rSefygonf/ y#dyu©tm; ajz&Sif;EkdifcJhMuonf/

- wdkufyGJrsm; &yfqkdif;oGm;cJhonf/

- Nidrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDcsufudkvnf; vufrSwf

a&;xdk;cJhMuonf/

- tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ e,fajra'otwGuf

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh &&SdcJhMuonf/

- tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ e,fajrtwGif;&Sd

obm0 o,HZmwrsm;ukd udk,fwdkifxdef;csKyfEkdifcGifh

&&SdcJhonf/

- tmacs;vlrsdK;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkYa'otwGif; a&G;aumuf

yGJ usif;yNyD; ¤if;wkdY\ acgif;aqmifudk udk,fwkdif

a&G;cs,f EdkifMuonf/

- odkYr[kwf

rSm;ygonf/ y#dyu©tm; rajz&Sif;&ao;yg/

- Nidrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDcsufESifh typftcwf&yfpJ

a&;onf tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f\

&v'fwpfckjzpfNyD; Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf ppfrSefaom

oabm wlnDcsuf wpfckawmh r[kwfcJhay/

89


tcef; (2) - Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukd

em;vnfjcif;

pmrsufESm (34)

2.1 - Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk t"dyÜm,f

zGifhqdkjcif;

tBudKoifcef;pm

1/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS Nidrf;csrf;a&;\ t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsuf

udk a&;om;yg/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY\

t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/

pmrsufESm (35)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom Oyrmjzpf&yfrsm;udk

zwf½INyD; Nidrf;csrf;a&;trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh wGJpyfyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ c

2/ *

3/ u

pmrsufESm (36)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;csif;\ Nidrf;csrf;a&;onf vlrItzGJUtpnf;

twGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;r&cif t&if&Sdae&rnf/ tu,fí

jynfolrsm;rS ¤if;wkdY\ pdwfoP²mefwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&; r&Sd

xm;ygu? ¤if;wdkY aexdkif&m ae&ma'o ywf0ef;usifwGif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sdvmvdrfhrnf[k rnfaomtcgrS cHpm;Mu&

vdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/

2/ rdrdwdkY\ twGif;pdwfoP²mefwGif Nidrf;csrf;rI&Sdaom jynfol

rsm; onf ¤if;wkdY aexkdif&m ywf0ef;usif tokdif;t0dkif;wGif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sdvmap&eftwGuf pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfvm

vdrhfrnf/

- rdrdwdkY\ twGif;pdwfoP²mefwGif Nidrf;csrf;rI&Sdaom

jynfolrsm;onf ¤if;wkdY aexkdif&m ywf0ef;usif

tokdif;t0dkif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; Nidrf;csrf;rItm;

cHpm;&&Sdekdif atmif ulnDvkyfaqmifay;jcif;jzifh vlY

tokdif;t0dkif;wpfckpvHk; jidrf;csrf;rI &&Sdvmvdrfhrnf

jzpfonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh odkYr[kwf

tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/


1/ vlyk*d¾Kvfa&;tqifh / / tu,fí jynfolwpfOD;csif;pD

wkdif;wGif pdwfNidrf;csrf;rI r&Sdygu? vlrsm;tMum;? tkyfpk

rsm; tMum; odkYr[kwf vlrItzGJUtpnf;xJwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;

&Sdvmrnf r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

- vlrIqufqHa&;tqifh / / y#dyu©ESifh tMurf;zufrI

rsm;udk avsmhcs&ef taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rSm tjcm;

vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh aumif;rGefaom qufqHa&;

&&Sdxm;&ef vdktyfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ vltkyfpk

i,frsm; aygif;pnf;í vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfck jzpfvm

onfh twGufaMumifh vlwpfa,mufcsif;pDtMum;&Sd

Nidrf;csrf;a&;onf vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfckvHk;taejzifh

Nidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sdvmap&ef xdef;rwfay;onf/

- vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;tqifh / / vlrItzGJUtpnf;

wpfckwGif Nidrf;csrf;rI r&Sdygu vltrsm;rS ¤if;wkdY\

pdwfoP²mef odkYr[kwf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tMum;wGif

Nidrf;csrf;rI &SmazGawGU&Sdvmrnf r[kwfonfhtwGuf

aMumifh jzpfonf/ vltrsm;rS rdrdwdkY\ &yf&Gme,fy,f

wGif y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;vmrnfudk pdk;&drfylyefae&

ygu ¤if;wkdY\ pdwfoP²meftwGuf Nidrf;csrf;rIudk

rpOf;pm;EkdifMuonfhtwGuf jzpfonf/

2/ vlom;wkdif;rS ydkNyD; Nidrf;csrf;aom urÇmwpfcktm;

twlwuG zefwD;&efqE &Sdygu Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&Sdatmif

vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/ y#dyu©rsm;ukd tMurf;rzuf

enf;vrf;rsm; toGif &&Sdatmif vlom;wdkY vkyfaqmifEkdif

ygonf/

• qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;? tat;'PfcH&jcif; odkYr[kwf

aMumuf&GHUrIrsm;ukd vlaygif;rsm;pGm cHpm;ae&ygu

Nidrf;csrf;a&; udk &&Sd&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/ tqdkyg vdktyfcsufrsm;

jynfhpHkatmif r&&SdonfhtwGufaMumifh ¤if;wkdYwGif Nidrf;csrf;

a&; r&SdEkdifay/

90


pmrsufESm (37)

2.2 - NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh

NyD;jynfhpHkrI r&Sdaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&;

tBudKoifcef;pm




1/ rSefygonf/ ppfyGJonf Nidrf;csrf;a&;\ qefYusifbuf

jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;wpfckwGif ppfyGJ

r&Sdygu ¤if;udk Nidrf;csrf;rI &Sdonf[k ac:qdkEdkifygonf/

- rSm;ygonf/ urÇmajray:wGif tMurf;zufrI

trsdK;tpm; rsm; rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ tu,fí wpfpHk

wpfa,mufu tMurf;zufrIwpfcktm; awGUBuHKcHpm;

ae& vQif ¤if;tajctaeudk ppfrSefaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;

r&Sd[k t"dyÜm,f xGufygonf/

2/ vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;wGif &Sifoefaexkdifaeaom vlom;

wkdif; rS Nidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sd&eftwGuf vdkcsifqE´&Sd&rnf/

odkYrSomvQif ppfyGJESifh tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk umuG,f

wm;qD; Ekdifrnf jzpfonf/

- vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;wGif &Sifoefaexkdifaeaom

vlom;wkdif; rS tMurf;rzufonfh y#dyu©rsm;ukd

rnfokdY &&Sdatmif vkyfaqmif&rnfudk oif,lMu&

rnf/ odkYrSomvQif ppfyGJESifh tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk

umuG,f wm;qD;Ekdifrnf jzpfonf/


vlom;wkdif;\ vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhpHkrI&Sd&rnf/

vlom; wkdY\ vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhpHkrI&Sdonfh tcgwGif

ppfyGJ (odkY) tMurf;zufrIrsm; &Sdawmhrnf r[kwfay/


vlom;wkdif; onf ¤if;wkd Y\ o½kyfvu©Pm

(jzpfwnfrI) rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmuf cH&rIr&SdbJ vGwfvyf

pGm xkwfazmfcGifh &SdEkdif&rnf/ odkYrSomvQif ppfyGJESifh

tMurf;zufrI rsm;udk umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifrnf jzpf

onf/


vlom;wkdif;\ pHwefzdk;rsm;ukd tjyeftvSef av;pm;

rI &Sd&rnf/ odkYrSomvQif ppfyGJESifh tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk

umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifrnf jzpfonf/

vkyfief;rsm; - Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh usef;rma&;

wlnDrIqufpyfjypuf0ef; Z,m;

• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí jzpfap?

ausmif;ol^ om;rsm;rS Nidrf;csrf;a&;? usef;rma&;ESifh ESpfck

pvHk;ESifhjzpfap yl;wGJjrifEkdifonfh tawG;rsm;ukd pm&if;

jyKpkyg/

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY\ tawG;tjrifrsm;udk

wlnDrIqufpyfjypuf0ef; Z,m;xJwGif a&;xnfhyg/


Nidrf;csrf;a&;

ppfyGJr&Sd

wdkufyGJrsm;r&Sd

&if;ESD;rI&Sd

aysmf&Tifonf

jyóemrsm;r&Sd

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;

usef;rma&;

zsm;emrIr&Sd

emusifrIr&Sd

wuf<urI&Sd

pmrsufeSm (38)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ wdkufyGJrsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;aeonfhtwGufaMumifh

¤if;a'o&Sd jynfolvlxkwGif wef;wltcGifhta&;rsm;

r&&Sdjcif; ESifh pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI r&SdaomaMumifh

Nidrf;csrf;a&;vnf; NyD;jynfhpHkrI r&Sdao;ay/

2/ typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aomfvnf;

a'ocH jynfolvlxk\ vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhpHkrI r&Sdao;

ay/ ¤if;vdktyfcsufrsm; r&&Sdao;onfh twGufaMumifh

jynfol vlxkwGif NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;vnf; r&&Sd

Edkifyg/

typftcwf&yfqkdif;jcif;onf tMurf;zufrIESifh ppfyGJudk

&yfwefY oGm;jcif;jzpfNyD; tMurf;zufrIESifh ppfyGJ\ tajccH

taMumif;&if;rsm;udk rajz&Sif;&ao;ay/ xkdYaMumifh ¤if;

tajctaeonf NyD;jynfhpHkrIr&Sdaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yif

jzpfonf/

91


pmrsufESm (39)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom tqdkudk;um;csufrsm;

udk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

- tpm;tpm

- aexkdif&ef trdk;tum

- n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;tm; wm;jrpfjcif;

- vlwkdif;twGuf EkdifiHa&;ESifh EkdifiHom; tcGifhta&;

rsm;

- obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m w&m;rQwrI (obm0

ywf0ef;usif umuG,fwm;qD;jcif;ESifh obm0

ab;tEÅ&m,f twGuf BudKwif jyifqif xm;jcif;)

- vlrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSef av;pm;rI&Sdjcif;

- vGwfvyfrI

pmrsufeSm (41)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom ½kyfyHkrsm;udk Munfh½I

NyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

½kyfyHk eHygwf 1

(u) Zmwfaumifrsm;onf bufrwlonfh ppfom;tzGJU

ESpfzGJU jzpfonf/ Zmwfaumifwpfaumif (tzGJUwpfzGJU)

rS ½kyfyHk\ rsufESmpmwGif&SdNyD; tjcm;Zmwfaumif

(tjcm;tzGJU) onf ½kyfyHk\ aemufcH (uGif;jyif\

tjcm; wpfzuf) wGif &Sdaeonf/

(c) þ½kyfyHkonf ppfyGJwpfyGJ\ "mwfyHkwpfyHk jzpfonf/

½kyfyHkxJ&Sd tMurf;zufrIonf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m tMurf;

zufrIjzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm; aoqHk;aeonf odkYr[kwf

wpfzufESifh wpfzuf ypfcwfaeMuonf/

(*) "m;pmcHrsm;onf ypfowfcHae&onfh ppfom;rsm;

jzpfMuonf/

(C) wkduf½kduftMurf;zufrI

½kyfyHk eHygwf 2

(u) qmavmifiwfrGwfrIudk jzpfaponfh Zmwfaumif

r&Sday/

(c) uav;i,f\ qmavmifiwfrGwfrIonf tMurf;zuf

rI vkyf&yfwpfck jzpfonf/

(*) uav;i,f/

(C) &Sif;vif;onfh Zmwfaumifryg0ifonfh twGuf

aMumifh ¤if;½kyfyHkonf wkduf½dkufr[kwfaom (zGJUpnf;

yHk ESifh qufET,faom) tMurf;zufrI jzpfonf/

pmrsufeSm (42)

vkyfief;rsm; - tMurf;zufrI trsdK;tpm;rsm;

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzpfap odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf

tkyfpkvdkufjzpfap? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom

Oyrmrsm;onf rnfodkYaom tMurf;zufrI (wkduf½kduf

odkYr[kwf zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI?

odkYr[kwf tMurf;zufrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;) jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwf

yg/

tajzrsm;

ajrivsifvIyfcwfjcif; - zGJUpnf;yHkESifh ywfoufaom

tMurf;zufrI/

ppfyGJ - wkduf½dkuftMurf;zufrI/

uav;i,fwpfa,mufrS acG;tm;½dkufESufjcif; - wkduf½dkuf

tMurf;zufrI/

uav;tvkyform; - zGJUpnf;yHkESifh ywfoufaom tMurf;

zufrI/

HIV/AIDS a&m*g - zGJUpnf;yHkESifh ywfoufaom tMurf;

zufrI/

um;wdkufrI - tMurf;zufrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;/

t"r®jyKusifhjcif; - tMurf;zufrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;/

iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;uyfab; - zGJUpnf;yHkESifh ywfouf

aom tMurf;zufrI/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD? tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vHk;

taejzifh ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/


(u) wkduf½dkuftMurf;zufvkyf&yfrsm;wGif odomxif&Sm;

onfh Zmwfaumifrsm; yg&Sdonf/ y#dyu© zefwD;ol

rnfol jzpfonfudk tvG,fwul od&SdEkdifonf/

(c) zGJUpnf;yHkESif h qufET,fonfh tMurf;zufrIwGif

tMurf;zufrIonf odomxif&Sm;rI r&SdonfhtwGuf

Zmwfaumif udk azmfxkwf&ef ydkrdk cufcJonf/ Oyrm -

ajrivsif wpfckaMumifh vlrsm;aoqHk;aponf? xdckduf

emusifaponf? tdk;tdrfESifh tvkyftudkifrsm; qHk;½HI;rI

jzpfaponf/ ivsifvIyfcgjcif;onf xdckdufjcif;ESifh

emusifcHpm;&jcif;wdkY jzpfaponfhtwGuf ¤if;tcsuf

rsm; tm;vHk;onf tMurf;zufrIrsm; jzpfonf/

ajrivsifaMumifhjzpfaom tMurf;zufrIonf umuG,f

wm;qD;Edkifonfht&m jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;jzpf&yfonf

zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI jzpfonf/

92


(*) umv0rf;a&m*gESifh 0rf;udkufa&m*g ponfjzifh a&rS

wpfqifh ul;pufwwfaom a&m*grsm;/

- a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? wkdifzGef;rkefwkdif;? [m&Dudef;rkefwkdif;?

ajrjydKjcif; tp&Sdonfh obm0 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;/

- qif;&JrGJawrI/

- rl;,pfaq; pGJuyfjcif;/

- tpmt[m&csdKUwJhjcif;/

pmrsufeSm (43)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom ½kyfyHkrsm;udkMunfhNyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

½kyfyHk eHygwf 1

(u) trsdK;orD;xkonf vrf;rwpfckay:wGif qEjyaeMu

onf/

(c) þ"mwfyHkudk rnfonfhae&mwGif ½kduful;xm;onfudk

rod&Sd&yg/

(*) trsdK;orD;rsm;onf EkdifiHa&; qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckckwGif

¤if;wdkY\ qE´rsm;ukd xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ay;&ef

awmif;qdk aeMuonf/ olrwdkY\ tajccHvkdtyfcsuf

rsm; jynfhpHkrI&Sdatmif r&&SdonfhtwGufaMumifh qEjy

jcif;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/

½kyfyHk eHygwf 2

(u) uav;rav; ESpfa,mufonf tkwfzkwf½Hkwpf½HkwGif

tvkyfvkyfaeMuonf/

(c) þ"mwfyHkudk uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; umuG,frI

ray;onfhae&m? tkwfcsyfrsm;udk toHk;rsm;wJhae&m

wpfckckwGif ½dkuf,lcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ tm&Swkduf

awmifydkif;&Sd ae&mwpfck jzpfEkdifonf/

(*) uav;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk umuG,frIr&Sdonfh

twGufaMumifh uav;rsm;wGif vlrIa&;w&m;rQwrI

r&Sday/ ¤if;wdkYwGif tjcm;uav;rsm;ESifh wlnDaom

tcGifhtvrf;rsm; r&SdMuay - ausmif;wufcGifhvnf;

r&Sdavmufay/ uav;rsm;onf vlBuD;rsm;uJhodkY

¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;

rjyKEdkifMuonfhtwGuf þuav;rsm; &&Sdonfh

vkyftm;c onfvnf; tedrf hqHk;jzpfzd k Yrsm;onf

(vlYabmif tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif;&Sd MuG,f0csrf;om

rI\ a0pkwpfpk)? odkYr[kwf ¤if;wdkY\ vlYabmiftzGJU

tpnf; \ EkdifiHa&;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;wGif yg0ifcsrSwf

Ekdif&ef vdktyfonfh A[kokw todtjrifrsm;ukdvnf;

r&&SdEdkifMuay/

pmrsufESm (44)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ b'dk apmcGJxl;0if;rS w&m;rQwrIqdkonfrSm oifwdkY\

udk,fydkif tem*wfudk qHk;jzwf&eftcGifhta&;? vlwpfa,muf

tjzpf &SifoefaexkdifEkdifcGifhESifh oifwdkY\ udk,fydkifbmom

pum;ukd oif,lEkdifcGifhpaom oifwdkY &cGifh&Sdonfh

tcGifhta&; rsm; jzpfonf[k &Sif;jyonf/

3/ tMurf;zufrIrsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;aeonfhae&mwGif

NyD;jynfh pHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&; r&SdEkdifonfhtwGuf ypfcwf

wdkufckdufjcif;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh w&m;rQwrIwdkYudk &&Sd

vmrnf r[kwfay/

- bmompum; toHk;jyKjcif; odkYr[kwf ,Ofaus;rI

xkwfazmfjyojcif;wkdYtwGuf tMurf;zufjcif;ESifh

aMumuf&GHUrIrsm; &SdaernfqdkvQif bmompum;ESihf

,Ofaus;rIrsm;ukd tem*wf rsdK;qufopfrsm;xH

vufqifhurf; oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifEkdif

rnf r[kwfay/

- vltrsm; wpfzufESifhwpfzuf tjyeftvSef ypfcwf

wkdufcwfaeonfhtcgwGif wpfzufESifhwpfzuf

twlwuG aexdkif&ef qEr&Sdovdk tcsif;csif; pum;

ajymqdkcsifpdwf r&SdonfhtwGuf twlwuG &Sifoef

aexkdif&ef oif,ljcif;ESifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyef

tvSef pum;ajymqdkjcif;ukd ypfcwfwkdufcwfjcif;jzifh

r&&SdEkdifay/

vkyfief;rsm; - NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;

• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD? tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vHk;

taejzifh? ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS NyD;jynhfpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;

&Sdonfh vlYabmiftzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ vu©Pm&yfrsm;ukd

cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg/


2/ jy,k*fvu©Pm&yfrsm; / /

- tMurf;rzufjcif;/

- vlwkdif; vufoifhcHEkdifonfh &v'ftajzrsm;/

- vlrsm;tMum; ydkrdk aumif;rGefaom em;vnfrI &&Sd&ef

OD;aqmifjcif;/

- jynfolvlxkrS vdktyfcsufrsm;taMumif; ajymqdkjcif;/

93


r&Sdonfht&m / / jynfolvlxk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;?

tcGifhta&;rsm;? o½kyfvu©Pmrsm; (odkY) pHwefzdk;rsm;ukd

jiif;qdky,fzsufjcif; r&Sday/


- oefY&Sif;rI&Sdjcif;/

- obm0o,HZmwrsm; <u,f0jcif;/

- jyefvnftoHk;jyKEdkifaom obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;/

- obm0ywf0ef;usif umuG,fxdef;odrf;a&; Oya'

rsm;/

- &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh todynm

rsm; ydkYcsjcif;/

- om;½kdif;wd&pämef pm;usufrsm;ESifh rsdK;wHk;vkeD;yg;

jzpfaeaom rsdK;pdwfrsm;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf

jcif;/

r&Sdonfht&m / /

- npfnrf;rI/

- obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;/

- opfawmrsm; jyKef;wD;jcif;/

- &moDOwk ajymif;vJjcif;/


- em;axmifvdkpdwf&Sdjcif;/

- ,HkMunfrI&Sdjcif;/

- yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;/

r&Sdonfht&mrsm; / /

- oHo,pdwfrsm;/

- wif;rmrIrsm;/

- y#dyu©jzpfyGm;vdkonfh vlrsm;/

pmrsufESm (45)

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí? ausmif;ol



1/ vlrIa&;w&m;rQwrIukd vlwdkif;&&Sd&eftwGuf jynfol

vlxkrS BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrnfqdkygu NyD;jynfhpHkaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&SdEkdifonf/

- NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef tNrJwrf; BudK;pm;

vkyfaqmifEdkifaomfvnf; jynfolvlxkrS 0kdif;0ef;

z,f&Sm; ypf&ef vdktyfaom zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,f

onfh tMurf;zufrI wpfckr[kwfwpfck tNrJwrf;

&Sdae rnfom jzpfonf/

- vlrIa&;w&m;rQwrIudk vlwkdif;&&Sdap&ef pdwfr0if

pm;aom odkYr[kwf qE´r&Sdaom vltcsdKU tNrJwrf;

&SdaeEkdifonfhtwGuf NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukd

rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ &&Sdvmvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

2/ NyD;jynfhpHkrI r&Sdaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk wkdif;&if;om;

vufeufudkif tzGJUrsm;ESifh typftcwf&yfpJjcif; odkYr[kwf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqdkjcif; jzpfonf[k

vlrsm; u &nfnTef;wwfMuonf/

wpfcgwpf&HwGif? NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&; qdkonfrSm

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm; tm;vHk;

twGuf wef;wltcGifhta&;rsm;? vlrIa&;rQwrIrsm;?

jynfwGif; ppfrsm;ESifh vlrsdK;^bmoma&;qkdif&m zdESdyf

tMurf;zufrIrsm;\ tqHk;owf&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk

vltrsm;u &nfnTef;ajymqdkMuonf/

2.3 - Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh usm;? r

wef;wlnDrQrI

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;ol om;rsm;\ tawG;

tjrifrsm;ukd oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/

pmrsufESm (47)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom jzpf&yfOyrmrsm;ukd

zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI? wkduf½dkuf

tMurf;zufrIESifh usm;? r wef;wlnDrQrItjzpf tkyfpkoHk;pk

cGJjcm;owfrSwfyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI


3/ usm;? r wef;wlnDrQrI

4/ wkduf½dkuftMurf;zufrI? zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom

tMurf;zufrI



7/ zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI? wkduf½dkuf

tMurf;zufrI




94


pmrsufESm (49)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/

- EdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;? Oya'

a&;&m ponfh tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; wdk;wuf

aumif;rGef vmonf/

- rsdK;yGm;jcif;qkdif&m usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI wdk;wuf

aumif;rGefvmonf/

- rdom;pk tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;u@udk jynfh0pGm

&&Sdvmonf/

- oaE¨wm;qD;jcif; &&SdEdkifcGifh wdk;wufaumif;rGefvm

onf/

- y#dyu©umvtwGif;ESifh e,fpyfa'orsm;&Sd vHkNcHKa&;

tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmrI/

- aemufjyefqGJonfh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m zdtm;rsm;

avsmhenf; vmjcif;/

- vHkNcHKrI&Sdaom udk,f0efzsufcsjcif; 0efaqmifrItm;

&&Sdjcif;/

2/ rSefygonf/ trsdK;om;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; oaEwm;

ud&d,m? aq;0g;rsm;ESifh oufqkdifaom owif;tcsuf

tvufrsm; &,lEdkifcGifh ydwfyifwm;qD;xm;jcif;rSm zGJUpnf;yHk

ESifh qufET,faom tMurf;zufrI jzpfygonf/ xdkokdY

vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh emusifrIrsm;? xdckdufcHpm;rIrsm; jzpfap

NyD; aoqHk;jcif;txdyif jzpfapaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

3/ rSm;ygonf/ udk,f0efaqmif uav;arG;zGm;ol trsdK;orD;

rsm; aoqHk;rIonf ¤if;EkdifiHwGif zGJUpnf;yHkESifh qufET,f

aom tMurf;zufrIESifh usm;? r wef;wlnDrQrI r&Sdjcif;

jrifhrm;rIudk azmfjyygonf/ txufygtcsuf ESpfcsufpvHk;

jzpfyGm; aeygu? ¤if;EkdifiHwGif NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;

r&SdEdkifyg/

pmrsufESm (50)

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ausmif;ol


2.4 - Nidrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifjcif;

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\

tawG;tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/

pmrsufESm (51)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom tajctaejy jzpf&yf

rsm; ukd zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/


tajctaejyjzpf&yf (u)

1/ vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tMum;

2/ vlBuD;wpfa,mufrS Nidrf;csrf;a&;zefwD;&efESifh y#dyu©tm;

&yfwefY&ef ¤if;\ tiftm;ESifh tmPm (vkyfydkifcGifh) udk

toHk;jyKcJhonf/

3/ uav;rsm;onf aemufwpfBudrf jyefvnfwdkufckdufEkdif

onf/ ¤if;wdkY tMum;&Sd y#dyu©onf ta&;rBuD;vQif

odkYr[kwf ¤if;wdkYudk zsefajzay;cJhonfh vlBuD;tm; aMumuf&GHU

vQifaomfvnf;aumif; &efjzpfjcif;udk &yfwefYypfvkduf

Ekdifonf/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (c)

1/ EkdifiHrsm;tMum;

2/ Zmwfaumifrsm;rS wwd,tjyif vlwpfOD;tm; zdwfMum;um

rsufESmcsif;qkdif awGUqHkNyD; aqG;aEG;pum; ajymqkdvkdonf/

¤if;wdkY\ EkdifiHrsm;onf xdckdufzsufpD;cHcJh&NyD;? EkdifiHom;rsm;

vnf; towfcHcJh&onfhtjyif y#dyu©tm; &yfwefY&ef

enf;vrf;rjrifEdkifonfhtwGuf þodkY vkyfaqmifMujcif;

jzpfonf/

3/ acgif;aqmifrsm;rS y#dyu©tm; avsmhcs&efESifh ppfyGJaMumifh

xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm;ukd jyefvnfjyifqif&ef enf;vrf;

wpfckck udk aqG;aEG;ajymqdkMuonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;rS

y#dyu© rnfodkY pwifjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; odkYr[kwf y#dyu©

\ rlvZpfjrpfESifh ywfoufNyD;vnf; ajymqdkaqG;aEG;Ekdifyg

onf/

95


pmrsufESm (53)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygpmaMumif;rsm; rSef^rrSef

qHk;jzwfMuonf/

• tu,fí rSm;aeygu rSefuefonfh pmaMumif;rsm;

jzpfatmif jyefvnfjyifqif a&;om;onf/

tajzrsm;

1/ rSefonf/ aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;jcif; qdkonfrSm tMurf;zuf

onfh y#dyu© rjzpfyGm;rD odkYr[kwf jzpfyGm;aepOf jzpfay:

Edkifonf/

2/ rSefonf/

3/ rSefonf/

4/ rSm;onf/ ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;twGuf tusdK;&Sdaom

enf;vrf; wl½IrSom aqG;aEG;n§dEIdif;jcif; atmifjrifrnf

jzpfonf/

pmrsufESm (54)

vkyfief;rsm; - eDaygEkdifiH\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; n§dEIdif;

aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;

1/ wpfOD;csif;jzpfap? ESpfa,mufwpfwGJjzpfap? odkYr[kwf

tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí jzpfap? ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom

½kyfyHkrsm;ukd Munfh½INyD; eDaygEkdifiHwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;

jzpfysufaeaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg/


jynfwGif;ppf? ppfwyftkyfcsKyfaom tmPm&Sifpepf?

ykefuef x<ujcif;? qE´jyrIrsm;? wefjyefwdkufcdkufjcif;/

2/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udk zwf½INyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;ukd ajzqdkyg/


u/ rSefygonf/ eDaygEdkifiHwGif w&m;0if Nidrf;csrf;a&;

oabm wlnDcsuf &&Sdxm;NyD; ppfyGJudk &yfwefYcJhygonf/

jidrf;csrf;a&; oabmwlnDcsufwGif ppfom;rsm;ESifh ppf

vufeufrsm; avQmhcs&ef? vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd av;pm;

&ef? bk&ifpepf zsufodrf;&efESifh armfpDwkef;tpdk;&rS cGJxGuf

a&; ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDcsufwGif typftcwf&yfpJa&;

(tMurf;zufrI &yfwefYa&;) yg0ifonfomru EkdifiHa&;

ESifh vlrIa&; tajctaersm;vnf; xnhfoGif; a&;om;xm;

ygonf/

pmrsufeSm (55)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ vlwdkif;rS n§dEIdif;vkyfaqmifvdkonfh qE´r&SdMuay/

- pum;vHk;rsm;? tawG;tjrifrsm;? ½Iaxmifhrsm;udk

vufcHjcif; (aqG;aEG;&ef vdktyfonfh pum;vHk;rsm;pGm

&Sdonf/)

- em;axmifjcif;

- cHpm;csufrsm;

- wHkYjyefajymqdkjcif;

2/ em;axmifjcif;

- wHkYjyefajymqdkjcif;

- wpfOD;ESif hwpfOD; tjyeftvSef ajymqdkjcif;ESif h

qufoG,fa&; wdkYwGif yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;

- qufqHa&;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;

- n§dEIdif;vkyfaqmifvdkonfh qE´&Sdjcif;

pmrsufESm (58)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom Oyrmrsm;udk zwf½INyD;

¤if;wdkY Oyrmrsm;udk Nidrf;csrf;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh wGJpyf

yg/

tajzrsm;

1/ C

2/ *

3/ i

4/ u

5/ c

vkyfief;rsm; - oabmwlonf odkYr[kwf

oabmrwlyg

1/ wpfOD;csif;taejzifh? ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS ¤if;wdk Y

oabmtwlqHk; jzpfonfh wHkYjyefcsufrsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg/

• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzpfap odkYr[kwf tkyfpkvdkufjzpfap?

ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS tajzrsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

96


pmrsufESm (59)

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ qufoG,fajymqdkjcif;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifjcif;

onf ESpfOD;ESpfzuf vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;&efESifh

y#dyu© jzpfyGm;&onfh tajccHZpfjrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef

tcGifhtvrf; wpfck jzpfonfhtwGuf ydkNyD;tusdK;&Sdonfh

enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf/ qufoG,fajymqdkjcif;jzifh

Nidrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifjcif;onf a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJEdkif

ygonf/

tiftm;oHk;í Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifjcif;onf ydkrdk

jrefqefrI &SdNyD; y#dyu©wpfcktm; &yfwefYypf&ef tjcm;aom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifjcif; enf;vrf;xuf ydkrdk vsifjrefpGm

vkyfaqmifEkdifonf/ odk Yaomfvnf;? tiftm;oHk;í

jidrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifjcif;onf a&&SnfwnfwHhckdifrm

aom Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkawmh r&&SdEkdifay/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;

azmfaqmifjcif; vkyf&yfrsm;onf ydkNyD; tMurf;zufonfh

enf;vrf;rsm; odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;Ekdifygonf/

2/ tiftm;oHk;jcif;ESifh qufoG,fajymqdkjcif;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;

azmfaqmifjcif; enf;vrf;eSpfckpvHk;ukd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

toHk;jyKcJhMuNyD; jzpfonf/

atmufwGif Oyrmrsm;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/

tar&duef? Oa&myor*¾ESifh t*FvefEkdifiHwdkYrS pD;yGm;a&;

ESifh oHwrefa&;&m ydwfqdkYrIrsm; csrSwfjcif;onf tiftm;

oHk;í Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifjcif;\ Oyrmrsm;yif

jzpfonf/

jrefrmtpdk;&rS wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;jzifh

ESpfzGJU typftcwf&yfpJa&;ESifh ESpfzGJUxufydkaom typf

tcwf &yfpJa&; n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;rIrsm;ukd tBudrfrsm;pGm

vkyfaqmifcJhNyD; jzpfonf/ 2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif

wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJU 8 zGJUrS jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh

ppfwyfESifhtwl typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsuftm;

vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhMuonf/ þoabmwlnDcsuf pmcsKyfukd

EkdifiHt0Srf; typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyf

(Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement- NCA) [k ac:qdkcJhyg

onf/ þvkyfief;pOfonf qufoG,fajymqdkjcif;jzifh

Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifjcif;\ OyrmyHkpHwpfckyif jzpfonf/

pmrsufESm (60)

2.5 - NyD;jynfhpHkaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;

tm; &&Sdjcif;

tBudKoifcef;pm

• ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\

tawG;tjrifrsm;ukd oifykef;ay:wGif a&;om;yg/


1/ tMurf;zufrIonf aq;½Hkrsm;? vrf;rsm;? oefY&Sif;aom

a&t&if;tjrpfrsm; tp&Sdonfh r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom EkdifiH

\ tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;ukd zsufpD;ypfEkdifonf/

- tMurf;zufrIonf vltrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ aeYpOfvkyfief;

udkifief;rsm;yg pGefYypfxGufajy;apEkdifonfhtwGuf

xdkvlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfckvHk;\ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;

wGifus,frIudk avsmhenf;apygonf/ Oyrm - xdk

vlYtzGJUtpnf;rS v,f,mpdkufysdK;rI rvkyfEkdifjcif;?

wd&pämefrsm; rarG;jrLEdkifjcif;? ¤if;wkdY\ aps;qkdifrsm;

twGuf ukefypönf;rsm; rodkavSmifEkdifjcif;ESifh tuÐscsKyf

vkyfief;rsm; rvkyfudkifEdkifjcif; tp&SdonfwdkY jzpfonf/

- tMurf;zufrIonf pdwfyd kif;qk dif&mt&vnf;

pdwf'Pf&m rsm; jzpfapygonf/ tMurf;zufrI'Pf

cH&aom vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif;rS jynfolrsm;

onf pdwf'Pf&mzdtm;rsm;? pdwfua,mufu,uf

jzpfrIrsm;ESifh pdwf"mwfusjcif; tp&Sdonfh pdwf

usef;rma&; csdKUwJhrI jyóemrsm;udk &ifqdkifBuHKawGU

Ekdifonf/

- tMurf;zufrIrSm wkduf½kduftMurf;zufcH&rIwpfck

jzpfygu vltrsm;ukd ukd,fvuft*FgcsdKU,Gif;aponfh

txd jzpfEdkifygonf/ Violence can leave people with disabilities if they are a direct victim.

t½dk;tqpfrsm;jyKwfjcif;? tjriftm½Hk odkYr[kwf

tMum;tm½Hk qHk;½HI;jcif;ESihf OD;aESmufxdckdufjcif;

odkYr[kwf emwm&Snfa&m*grsm; jzpfapygonf/

2/ tvkyftudkif? ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIrsm;

&&Sdjcif;

- EdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;? Oya'

a&;&m ponfh tajccH taqmufttHkrsm; wdk;wuf

aumif;rGefvmjcif;/

- tultnDrsm; odkYr[kwf tdrfESifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;

wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESH&eftwGuf acs;aiGrsm; &&Sdjcif;/

- vlrItzGJUtpnf;wGif ppfvufeufrsm; avQmhcsjcif;?

ajrjr§Kyfrdkif;rsm; z,f&Sm;jcif;/

- ppfom;rsm;twGuf t&yfom;vlaerIb0yHkpHodk Y

jyefvnf0ifa&muf&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;/

97


- y#dyu©'PfcH&onfh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf

pnf;½Hk; vHIYaqmfay;rnfh acgif;aqmifrsm;/

- vnfywfrIaumif;aom w&m;rQwrIpepfwpfck

&&Sd&ef/

- tjcm;Zmwfaumifrsm;xHrS 0efcsawmif;yefrIrsm;/

pmrsufESm (62)

avhusifhcef;

1/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS vIyf&Sm;rItrsdK;tpm;\ vdktyfcsuf

rsm; udk trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;yg/

• tcsdKUaom vkdtyfcsufrsm;onf wpfckxufydkaom vIyf&Sm;rI

rsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&SdEkdifaMumif; owday; ajymMum; yg/

tajzrsm;

1/ c? *

2/ *

3/ c

4/ c

5/ *

6/ c

7/ u

8/ u

2/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom trsdK;tpm;wpfckcsif;pD

twGuf vdktyfcsufwpfckpD pOf;pm;azmfxkwfyg/

pmrsufESm (63)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ DDR (vufeufzsufodrf;jcif; (disarmament)? wyfzsuf

odrf;jcif; (demobilization)? jyefvnfaygif;pnf;jcif;

(reintegration) qdkonfrSm ]vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ0ifjcif;}

\ tqHk;owf odkYr[kwf wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;twGuf

wkdufyGJ0ifjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkif

tzGJUrsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf typf

tcwf wkdufyGJrsm;udk &yfwefYcsifMurSm r[kwfay/

DDR vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifonfh vufeufudkif

tzGJUrsm;wGif jrefrmppfwyf odkYr[kwf tjcm;vufeufudkif

tzGJUrsm;\ tEÅ&m,fudk umuG,fwm;qD;&ef tiftm;

&Sdawmhrnf r[kwfay/

2/ DDR jzpfpOfonf y#dyu©umv NyD;qHk;NyD;umvwGif

vdktyfcsuf tenf;pkudkomvQif &&SdEkdifygonf/ ¤if;jzpfpOf

onf vufeufrsm;ukd avQmhcsjcif;ESifh ppfom;rsm;ukd

t&yfom; vlaerIb0odk Y jyefvnf0ifa&mufEk dif&ef

enf;vrf; wpfck csay;½Hkom jzpfonfhtwGuf ¤if;onf

ppfom;rsm; ESifh vufeufudkif wkdufckdufa&;orm;rsm;ukdom

taxmuftuljzpfapNyD; y#dyu© odkYr[kwf ppfyGJ'PfcH&

onfh tjcm;vlrsm;twGuf yHhydk;ulnDrI r&Sday/

pmrsufESm (64)

aqG;aEG;csuf


om; rsm;rS ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;yg/

pmrsufESm (68)

avhusifhcef;



• ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rS uGufvyfrsm;wGif jznfhpGuf&rnfh

rSefuefaom pum;vHk;rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ pdppfjcif;

2/ ppfavsmfaMu;rsm;ay;jcif;

3/ w&m;pGJqdkjcif;rsm;

4/ trSefw&m;&SmazGjcif;ESifh trSefw&m;pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;

aumfrwDzGJUjcif;

5/ txdrf;trSwfyGJrsm; usif;yjcif;

pmrsufESm (69)

jrefrmha&;&m





1/ trSefw&m; &SmazGjcif;/

2/ vlYtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufrIrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xdef;odrf;

xm;jcif;/

- n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? t"r®jyKusifhjcif;? w&m;a&;

&ifqkdifcGifhray;bJ owfjzwfjcif;rsm;ESifh v,f,majr

odrf;,ljcif;wkdYukd rSwfwrf;wif xdef;odrf;jcif;/

98


- &mZ0wfrIrsm;ukd todtrSwfjyK&efESifh ¤if;&mZ0wfrI

rsm;twGuf 0efcH&ef tpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkjcif;/

- ND-Burma tzGJUrS pkaqmif;xm;onfh rSwfwrf;rsm;

udk yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;/

3/ todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf trSefw&m;od&Sd&ef tcGifhta&;\

wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfonfh twGufaMumifh

- jynfolrsm; odkYr[kwf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS ¤if;&mZ0wfrI

rsm;ESifh csdK;azmufrIrsm;ukd pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;ESifh

jypfrIusL;vGefolrsm;ukd ¤if;wdkY\ vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf

wm0efcHckdif;jcif;wkdYudk pwifvkyfaqmifEkdifonf/

- xdkYaMumifh &mZ0wfrIusL;vGefolrsm;rS ppfavsmfaMu;

rsm; ay;tyfEkdifonf? w&m;pGJqdkjcif;rsm;vnf; pwif

vkyfaqmifEkdifonfhtjyif txdrf;trSwfyGJrsm;udk

vnf; usif;yay;Ekdifonf/

- &mZ0wfrIrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufrIrsm;ukd

todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf ,HkMunfrIwnfaqmuf&ef

taxmuftuljzpfapNyD; tpdk;&ESifh vlYtcGifhta&;

csdK;azmufrIrsm;ESifh &mZ0wfrIrsm;'PfcHcJh&aom

jynfolrsm; tMum;wGifvnf; qufqHa&; wdk;wuf

aumif;rGefvmrnf jzpfonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf



1/ toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf y#dyu©&yfwefY

oGm;aom vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ wdus&Sif;vif;onfh

vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd azmfxkwfay;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrI\ &nfrSef;csuf

rsm;rSm tMurf;zuf y#dyu©jyefvnf jzpfyGm;jcif;rS

umuG,f wm;qD;ay;&ef jzpfonf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf qufqHa&;

rsm; ukd jyefvnf wnfaqmuf&ef BudK;yrf;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf tMurf;zuf

y#dyu© "m;pmcHrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;

oif,lavhvm&ef BudK;yrf;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf EdkifiHwum

w&m;a&;qdkif&m pHEIef;rsm;udk qkyfudkifusihfoHk;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf vlYtcGifh

ta&;ESifh EkdifiHom; tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd umuG,frI

&Sdap&efESifh av;pm;rI &Sdap&ef vkyfaqmifay;onf/


rIESifh vlYtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufrI w&m;cHrsm;udk

tmPmESifh acgif;aqmifydkif;qkdif&m qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;

csrSwfjcif;rS umuG,fwm;qD;ay;&ef BudK;yrf;onf/


rIESifh y#dyu© "m;pmcHrsm;ukd ukpm;ay;&efESifh qefYusif

buf jynfolrsm;? tkyfpkrsm;ESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;

tMum; qufqHa&; jyefvnf aumif;rGefvmatmif

&ifMum;aphay;&eftwGuf txdrf;trSwfyGJrsm; zefwD;

usif;yay;&ef BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifonf/

2/ toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf y#dyu©wpfckck

\ 'PfcHcJh&aom vltm;vHk; odkYr[kwf vlrItzGJUtpnf;

rsm; tm;vHk;twGuf vkyfaqmifay;Ek difrnfawmh

r[kwfay/

- y#dyu©Zmwfaumifrsm;\ acgif;aqmifrsm;onf

toGif ul;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrI enf;vrf;rsm;

twkdif; tjypfay;cH&Ekdifonf/ xdkYaMumifh toGif

ul;ajymif; umv w&m;rQwrI jzpfpOfudk ¤if;wkdY

rvdkvm; Muacs/

- tMurf;zufy#dyu©ESifh ppfyGJ "m;pmcHrsm;onf vdkcsif

onfh t&mrsm; odkYr[kwf toGiful;ajymif;umv

w&m;rQwrIjzpfpOf ¤if;wdkY vdkcsifonfh odkYr[kwf

vdktyf aom t&mrsm;tm;vHk;ukd r&&SdEdkifonfhtwGuf

toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrI vkyfief;pOfrsm;

ukd yHhydk;rIay;Murnf r[kwfay/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIudk ,HkMunf

pdwfcsEdkifaom w&m;a&;pepfESifh om,maom

vlYabmif tzGJUtpnf;&SdonfhtcgwGif taumif;qHk;

taumiftxnfazmfEdkifonf/ tu,fí txufyg

tcsufrsm; r&Sdygu? toGiful;ajymif;a&;umv

vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf vkyfaqmif

&ef ydkrdk cufcJoGm;rnf jzpfonf/

3/ toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf jynfolvlxk

tMum; qufqHa&;rsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef

yHhydk;rIay;onfhtwGuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvnf; wnfaqmuf

ay;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf y#dhyu©ESifh

tMurf;zufrI\ jyóem Zpfjrpfrsm;udk em;vnfrI

&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh ¤if;jyóem Zpfjrpfrsm;tm;

ajymif;vJypfEkdifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk jynfolrsm;xH

ay;tyfonf htwGuf Ni dr f;csrf;a&;ud kvnf;

wnfaqmuf ay;onf/

- toGiful;ajymif;umv w&m;rQwrIonf zGJUpnf;yHkESifh

qufET,fonfh tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk avQmhcs&efESifh

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk ydkrdk a&&SnfwnfwHhckdifNrJap&eftwGuf

vdktyfaom EkdifiHhta&;qkdif&m tajccHtaqmufttHk

rsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufEdkif&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk

jynfolvlxkxH ay;tyfonf/

99


pmrsufESm (71)

avhusifhcef;


tajzrsm;

(u) Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif;

(c) Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif; r[kwfyg

(*) Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif;

(C) Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif;

(i) Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif;

pmrsufESm (72)

vkyfief;rsm; - jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; qdkonfrSm

tb,fenf;

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ay;xm;aom tqdk

udk;um;csufrsm;udk zwf½INyD; em;rvnfonfhtcsufrsm;

ukd wifjyar;jref;yg/

• jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk taumif;qHk;azmfjyaom tqdk

udk;um;csufudk ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS a&G;cs,fyg/

2/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS rdrdESifh rwlonfh tqdkudk;um;csuf

tm; a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tjcm;ausmif;ol om;wpfa,muf

udk &SmazGyg/

• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh? ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY

a&G;xm; onfh tqdk udk;um;csufrsm;ukd rnfonfhtwGuf

a&G;cs,fMuaMumif; &Sif;vif;ajymjyyg/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;ukd azmfusL;

onfh ¤if;wkdY\ udk,fydkift"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;ukd

¤if;wdkY a&G;xm;onfh tqdk ukd;um;csufrsm;udk toHk;jyKí

a&;om; yg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wkdY\ udk,fykdift"dyÜm,f

zGifhqdkcsuf rsm;udk pm&Gufwpf&Gufay:wGif a&;om;NyD; eH&H

ay:wGif uyfyg/

4/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tjcm;twGJrsm; a&;om;xm;aom

t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;ukd vdkufvHzwf½Iyg/

pmrsufESm (75)

vkyfief;rsm; - uRefawmf?r onf ....

• trSefw&m;? w&m;rQwrI? oem;u½kPmESifh vHkNcHKa&;

pmvHk;rsm; a&;om;xm;aom qdkif;bkwf 4 ck jyKvkyfyg/

• qkdif;bkwfwpfckcsif;pDtm; tcef;axmifhwpfae&mpDwGif

xm;yg/

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY ta&;BuD;qHk;[k ,lqaom

qdkif;bkwfae&mwGif rwfwyf&yfyg/

2/ qdkif;bkwfwpfckatmufwGif &yfaeaom ausmif;ol om;rsm;

rS tzGJUwpfzGJU odkYr[kwf wpfzGJUxufydkaom tzGJUrsm; zGJUyg/

• tzGJUrsm;rS ¤if;wkdY a&G;cs,fxm;onfh qkdif;bkwf\ t"dyÜm,f

rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh ta&;tBuD;qHk; jzpfonfudk

&Sif;jy&ef taMumif;jycsufrsm; pm&if;jyKpkyg/

3/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tjcm;tzGJUrS twef;azmfrsm;xH

oGm;a&mufNyD; ¤if;wdkY a&G;cs,fxm;onfh pum;vHk;onf

rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaMumif;

&Sif;jyyg/

4/ wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

pmrsufESm (76)

aqG;aEG;csuf


• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh okdYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ausmif;ol


1/ vltcsdKUwGif ckcHEkdifpGrf; &&Sdvmygu tMurf;zuf y#dyu©odkY

ZmwfaumiftcsdKUtm; jyefrvmatmif wm;qD;Ekdifonfhtcg

wGif jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk &&SdEdkifygonf/ qufqHa&;rsm;

tm; jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&efESifh trSefw&m;? oem;

u½kPmESifh vHkNcHKa&;wkdY &&Sd&ef jzpfEkdifygonf/

- vltcsdKUomvQif ckcHEkdifpGrf;&&SdonfhtcgwGif trSef

w&m; odkYr[kwf w&m;rQwrI r&SdonfhtwGuf

jyefvnf oihfjrwfa&;ukd &&Sd&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/ ckcHEkdifpGrf;

&&Sdolrsm;onf ¤if;wdk Y\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

odkYr[kwf ¤if;wdkY olwpfyg;tay:wGif usL;vGefcJhonfh

vkyf&yfrsm; twGuf ajz&Sif;csufay;p&m vdkawmhrnf

r[kwfay/

2/ y#dyu© NyD;qHk;umv w&m;rQwrIudk ausmfvGefNyD; y#dyu©

topf wpfckckwGif yg0ifywfoufjcif;rS ¤if;wkdYukd umuG,f

wm;qD;&ef/

- pepfwpfcktaejzifh &ifqdkifajz&Sif;&rnfh &mZ0wfrI

usL;vGefolrsm; rsm;pGm&Sdonf/

- &mZ0wfrIrsm; odkYr[kwf vlYtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufrIrsm;

twGuf wm0ef&S dolrsm;ukd cG Jjcm;azmfxkwf&ef

enf;vrf; tNrJwrf; r&Sday/

100


pmrsufESm (78)

avhusifhcef;

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk wlnDrIqufpyfjy

puf0ef; Z,m;xJwGif jznfhpGufyg/

tajzrsm;

c

u? *

C

i? p? q

2/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tjcm; vIyf&Sm;rI 2ck? 3ck cefY

wlnDrIqufpyfjypuf0ef; Z,m;xJwGif jznfhpGufyg/

pmrsufESm (79)

vkyfief;rsm; - uREfkyftwGuf jyefvnf

oifhjrwfa&;

• u? c? * ESifh C [k a&;om;xm;aom qkdif;bkwf 4 ck

jyKvkyfyg/

• qdkif;bkwfwpfckpDtm; tcef;eHygwf 1 \ axmifhwpfae&m

pDwGif xm;yg/

1/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS wpfOD;csif;tvkduf y#dyu©wpfckck

tm; pOf;pm;yg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS pm&Guf 4 &Guf odkYr[kwf rSwfpk

pm&Guf 4 &Guf ,lí ar;cGef;rsm; (u rS C) wpfckpDwkdif;

twGuf tajzrsm;ukd pm&Gufwpf&Gufcsif;pD cGJjcm;ajzMum;

yg/

2/ ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;ukd eH&Hay:&Sd

rSefuefaom pum;vHk;ab;em;wGif uyfyg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;rS tcef;wpf0kdufavQmufNyD; tjcm;

olrsm;\ tajzrsm;ukd vdkufvHzwf½Iyg/

• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh? ar;cGef;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;yg/

ed*Hk;csKyf

vkyfief;rsm; - o½kyfazmfajryHk

1/ tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ¤if;wdkYESifh &if;ESD;aom

y#dyu©wpfckcktm; a&G;cs,fyg/ ¤if;y#dyu©onf

rMumao;rDu NyD;qHk;&yfwefYoGm;aom y#dyu©wpfck

jzpf&rnf/

2/ tzGJUrsm;rS ¤if;wkdY a&G;cs,fxm;onfh y#dyu©'PfcH&olrsm;

\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; o½kyfazmfajryHk wpfyHk

a&;qGJyg/

• ausmif;olôm;rsm;onf ½kyfyHkum;csyfrsm;ukdvnf;

toHk;jyKEkdif onf/ ½kyfyHkrsm;ukd ¤if;wkdYudk,fwkdif a&;qGJ

zefwD;Edkifovdk? r*¾Zif;rsm;ôwif;pmrsm; odkYr[kwf

tifwmeufwGif awGU&onfh ½kyfyHkrsm;ukdvnf; toHk;jyKEkdif

onf/

3/ ausmif;ol om;rsm;rS ¤if;vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDonfh

jyefvnf oihfjrwfa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh toGiful;ajymif;

umvw&m;rQwrI vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd o½kyfazmfajryHkxJwGif

xnfhoGif; a&;qGJyg/

4/ tzGJUrsm;rS ¤if;wkdY\ o½kyfazmfajryHkudk twef;xJwGif

wifjy &Sif;vif;yg/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vHk;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;zGJUí ausmif;ol


101


Credit where it’s due:Mote Oo Education would like to thank everyone involved in this project. Without you all, it would never have been possible. Below is a list of those who have worked on this project (in alphabetical order).Text: Daniel Korth, Alyssa PaylorTranslation: Aung Zaw Myo, Zay Yah OoDesign, Layout and Illustration: Matthew Simpson, May Htut Pan Moe, Nila Win, Yee Yee Thant, Kar GyiEditing and proofreading: May Htut Pan Moe, Nila Win, Yee Yee Thant, Kaung Hla Zan

tcef; (1) - y#dyu©udk em;vnfjcif; · 80 y#dyu©sifh nidrf;csrf;a&; tudkrdwfuf &mvufp tcef;...

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