tdm evaluation tool: opportunities for evidence-based policy selection md. sami hasnine (m.a.sc...
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TDM Evaluation Tool: Opportunities for Evidence-Based Policy Selection
Md. Sami Hasnine (M.A.Sc Student)Adam Weiss, M.A.Sc (PhD Candidate)Professor Khandker Nurul Habib, PhD, PEng
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Roadmap of the PresentationBackground What is TDM?ObjectivesMethodsWhy do we Need a Survey? Data type for RP and SP surveyData ModelRP and SP QuestionnaireTDM Evaluation toolNext Steps
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Background
Reduce single-occupant vehicle (SOV) commuting trips in Peel
The Region of Peel has been implementing various Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies
Before and after survey can evaluate the TDM effect
Need to evaluate combined and individual effect of TDM policies before implementing
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What is TDM?• TDM refers to a variety of strategies that change people’s
travel behavior.
• Primary Objective to reduced traffic congestion
• Secondary Objective increased safety and mobilityenergy conservationemission reductions
• Typical TDM programs reduce Single Occupant Vehicle (SOV) 4
Objectives
• To forecast the mode switching behavior of commuters in response to:
various incentives to use sustainable modes and/or disincentives for single occupant vehicle
trips. To develop an evaluation tool to investigate
various TDM policies
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MethodsConduct a survey to collect the required information to
develop such a tool
Develop policy-sensitive mode choice models
Use this tool to test regional, local and partial effect of various TDM policies
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Why do we need RP-SP Survey
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• Limitations with existing data types• TTS only has Revealed Preference (RP) data, we need RP and
Stated Preference (SP) data• The RP approach uses information collected about the actual
choices made by individuals to estimate demand models. • A major advancement in choice modelling is the use of SP
experiments in which respondents choose from a set of hypothetical scenarios.
Ride theRocket
Dundas VIA
Milky Way!
Why do we Need a Survey?
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• Existing TDM surveys are typically qualitative or opinion based• Metrolinx Smart commute data:• Data collected limited information regarding home and work
location• Attitudes and views regarding non SOV modes• Categorical LOS values for revealed modes only (10-20 minutes)
• A comprehensive RP-SP survey is needed to do forecasting and policy analysis!
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Revealed Preference
Detailed Person
Information
Detailed Household Information
Activity Schedule
Information
Socio-demographic Information
Data type for RP survey
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Stated Preference
Level of Service (LOS) is
consistent over the scenarios
TDM policies are varying over
the scenarios
Data type for SP survey
RP QuestionnaireRespondent must work in Peel and respondent must
answer the SP partTravel diary for commuters and non-commuters (over age 12)Focus on household level information and
characteristics.We need the commuting mode choice for the
respondent.
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Data ModelGraphical representation of the data that
is to be collectedUtilizes an object oriented approach
Clearly depicts the relationship between data points
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RP
Age
Level of education
Employment Statusa. Full time workerb. Part time workerc. Working from homed. Full time homemakere. Not employedf. Retiredg. Fulltime homemakerh. Studenti. None
Work Location
School Location
Daily Personal Schedule:DateDay of the weekNumber of activities
Activity PurposeLocationStart TimeDurationJoint activity with HH members
TripOriginDestinationMode (Drive, passenger, local Transit, regional transit) Start timeDurationHH vehicle used?Joint trip?Transit routes usedGo or subway access stations
Residence InformationLocationDwelling typeOwnership StatusReason behind not living in Peel
Detail InformationHousehold auto ownership
Transit Pass OwnershipBike Ownership
Who is primary user of each mobility tool
Income
Activity Purposea. Work/School b. Drop-off/Pick-up c. Recreation/
Entertainment d. Household Obligations e. Social f. Services g. Basic Needs h. Shopping i. Other
Drivers License
Daily Activity Schedule
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Gender
Nickname
Parking cost @workplace & Occupation
Detailed Person
Information: for all HH
member 12 and over
Detailed Household Information
Parking cost @school
If more than 1 person: ask relation with first person (respondent)
HH Member informationNumber of people over 12Total number of people
Detailed Person Information
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Parking daily costa. Free
b. Less than 5 dollarc. 5-10 dollar
d. 10-20 dollare. More than 20 dollar
f. Don’t know
Age
Level of education
Employment Statusa. Full time workerb. Part time workerc. Working from homed. Full time homemakere. Not employedf. Retiredg. Fulltime homemakerh. Studenti. None
Work Location
School Location
Income
Occupation Categorya. General Office / Clerical
b. Manufacturing / Construction / Trades
c. Professional / Management / Technical
d. Retail Sales and Servicee. Not Employed
Has Drivers License
Gender
Name IncomeUnder 2000020000-4000040000-6000060000-80000Over 80000
Level of Educationa. Elementaryb. Junior Highc. High schoold. Collegee. Bachelorf. Master or aboveg. None
Relationship to Respondent:
a. Respondent themselves
b. Husband/Partnerc. Wife/Partnerd. Father/In lawe. Mother/ In lawf. Sisterg. Brotherh. Grandmotheri. Grandfatherj. Sonk. Daughterl. Auntm. Unclen. Other
If more than 1 person: ask relation with first person (respondent)
Parking cost @workplace &
Occupation
Parking cost @school
Detailed Household Information
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Household Members (12 and over)
Residence InformationLocationOwnership StatusDwelling type
Household auto ownership Manufacturer
ModelProduction Year
Primary user
Transit Pass OwnershipTransit AgencyPrimary user
Bike OwnershipPrimary user
Rational of bike ownershipDwelling Typea. Single(detached)b. Semi(detached)c. Town/Row Housed. Apartment/Flat in detached duplexe. Apartment/Condo with less than 5 storiesf. Apartment/Condo with more than 5 stories
Rational for not living in Peel
-More convenient commute for spouse-School location for children-Housing affordability (close to work is too expensive)-Wanting to be close to extended family-Preference for current neighborhood-Own property in existing region-other
-For recreational or exercise purpose-For working or shopping purpose
-For running errands
Activity Schedule Information
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Travel Diary for Commuters and Non-Commuters
Activity -Purpose
Trip•Trip origin •Origin activity purpose•Trip destination •Destination activity purpose•Joint activity information (trip made by other household member)•Departure time for this trip•Primary mode associated with this trip
Activity Purposea. Work activityb. School Activity c. Dropping off or
Picking up another person
d. Recreation or Entertainment out of house
e. Staying at homef. Returning at
homeg. Social activities
out of homeh. Services i. Shopping j. Other
Number of trips each household member (over age 12) on the last weekday
SP Questionnaire
Experimental design was developed given a list of policies of interest
Efficient design method was used Currently using all possible TDM policies and 7
feasible modal alternatives Focus is based almost entirely on employer
based TDM policy; some overlap with home based TDM policies and land use policies.
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Stated Preference Table
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Attribute Values Information Source
LOS attributes (individual specific)
Typically don’t vary across scenarios
Traffic Assignment model, Rule based fare structure, TTS 2011
TDM Policies Vary across scenarios. Mostly binary, experimental design
7 possible modes:Drive, auto passenger, carpool, transit, transit bike on board, bike,
walk. Modal availability based on:
feasibility rules (i.e. can’t drive if you don’t have a drivers license/car)Competitiveness (transit with exceedingly high travel time not
considered viable).Reduced alternatives may result in reduced TDM policies, reducing
the size of the table
Level of service attributesIndividual Specific• Total Drive Time • Transit Walk/ Bike Time• Transit Wait Time • Total Time Traveling in the Transit Vehicle• Travel Cost
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TDM Policies of Interest• Employer provides incentive for Region of Peel transit passes
(Miway or Brampton Transit) • Daily parking cost • Indoor car parking facilities at workplace• Sheltered bike parking facilities at workplace• Showers and changing rooms at workplace• Employer owned bikes available to rent • Workplace with bike access facilities (Ramps) • Likelihood of Finding a Parking Spot Within 5 minutes walk to
work place (due to parking reductions)• Emergency ride home program.• Car share program 20
Capturing Telecommute and Flexible Work HoursNot directly able to capture in the standard SP survey, choice
to participate will influence travel time.To capture this impact, use of pre SP screening questions are
utilized.
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SP survey
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SP survey
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Evaluation Tool (Before input)
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Evaluation Tool (Before input)
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Evaluation Tool(After input)
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Mode share(After input)
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Evaluation Tool(After input)
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TDM Evaluation Tool• Individual or combined effect of TDM policies
can be captured• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings
and other environmental factors
Regional Scale
• In small scale: Individual or combined effect of TDM policies can be captured
• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings and other environmental factors
Local Scale
• Will provide the effect of partial implementation of certain policy (e.g., 50% or 30%)
• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings and other environmental factors
Partial Implementation 29
Example Interface
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Next Step of our project
• Final Data Collection (ongoing)• Mathematical Model (ongoing)• TDM Evaluation tool (preliminary framework
completed)
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