Te Āhua o te Kanae Nā Rā Pōmare i tuhi

Nā Hēni Jacob i whakamāori

He mea tahu hoki te whare ki te ahi e Ruatepupuke. I pērā ai, he kahaki nō Tangaroa i a Manuhauturuki, te tama a Ruatepupuke, hei tekoteko mō tōna whare.

E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho, ko te kanae te tuatahi o ngā tamariki a Tangaroa i puta ora i te whare o tō rātou matua e kainga ana e te ahi.

Haere atu ana a Ruatepupuke ki te tiki i tana tama, tūngia ana e ia te whare o Tangaroa, kei roto rā a Tangaroa me tana whānau e moe ana.

He maha ngā tamariki i mate, engari i oraiti a Kanae, whai i muri mai i a ia ko Maroro, ko Kōkiri. Kātahi ka tāhaetia e Ruatepupuke ngā whakairo o mua o te whare, ka whakahokia mai ki tōna nei ao.

Ngā tama korowhiti a Tangaroa

He kupu whakarite tēnei mō te kanae – e whakaahua ana i tāna mawhiti ake i te wai.

Kitea ai te kanae i ngā wai o ngā tahatika, o ngā wahapū, me ngā awa o Aotearoa. He ika tēnei kei ngā whenua maha o te ao, engari ko Aotearoa tētahi o ngā wāhi kei te taha tonga rawa o tōna rohe noho.

Mai anō, he tino kai ki te Māori. He ika i ranea, he māmā te hao i tātahi, i ngā whanga, me ngā wāhi whakararo o te awa.

Nō te whānau Mugilidae te kanae. Ko Mugil cephalus tōna ingoa pūtaiao.

Ki te kainga horotia te aua, ka rāoa; ko te ika tēnā i mate ai Tamarereti.

He whakatūpato tā tēnei whakataukī, e mea ana he mate kei roto i te mahi i runga i te hohoro, i te pōnānā.

Nō te whānau Mugilidae anō tēnei mea te aua. Koia anake te uri tino tata o te kanae e tere haere ana i ngā wai o Aotearoa. Ā, pērā anō i te kanae, kitea ai te ika nei i ngā wāhi maha o te ao.

Ki te hī ika koe i tētahi whanga, i tētahi tumu herenga waka rānei, ko te aua tonu tētahi o ngā ika tērā tonu e mau i a koe, tae atu anō pea ki te pākirikiri. Ko te ingoa pūtaiao o te aua, ko Aldrichetta forsteri.

Ko te whānau o te kanae me te aua, a ngāi Mugilidae, koia anake te whānau o te pūtoi Mugiliforme. Nō te karangatanga Actinopterygii ngā Mugiliforme. Nō tērā karangatanga ngā ika katoa he tarakina mārō kei ō rātou pakipaki.

E 79 ngā momo Mugilidae, nō ētahi puninga e 20. He rerekē te puninga o te kanae me te aua.

Nō te puninga Mugil te kanae (ko tana ingoa pūtaiao, a Mugil cephalus, e tohu ana i tōna kāwai whakapapa), nō te puninga Aldrichetta te aua (ā, ko tōna ingoa pūtaiao, a Aldrichetta forsteri, e tohu ana i tōna kāwai).

Kei ngā moka katoa o te ao ngā ika nei, mehemea e mahana ana, e āhua mahana ana rānei ngā wai, ā, he pai ki a rāua tahi te waitai, wai kurutai me te wai māori.

Te Kanae (a Mugil cephalus)

Tōna āhua ki te titiro atu

Pērā i ngā ika katoa o tōna whānau, e rua ngā urutira o te kanae. He rahi tonu te urutira o mua, ā, e whā ōna tarakina. He pakipaki atu anō ōna kei ōna pokohiwi me tōna taha raro.

He hiriwa te tae me te āhua kākāriki tōna tuarā. He kapi katoa te tinana i ngā unahi āhua rahi tonu.

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te kanae, ko ōna kamo māretireti.

Ka tipu te kanae kia 300 ki te 500mm te roa.

Tōna kāinga noho

Ko te nuinga, kei te moana tonu, kei ngā whanga, kei ngā pūwaha anō. Engari he wā anō ka piki haere i ngā awa, i ngā kōawa. Kua kitea ētahi i te tuawhenua rawa, pērā o te Pāpuni o Karapiro me Te Kuiti. Ko tō rātou ara ki ērā wāhi, ko ngā awa o Waikato me Waipā.

I Te Hiku-o-Te-Ika ka kōrerohia te piki haere a te kanae i ngā kōawa e hono ana ki te moana, ā, ki te roa rawa e paki ana, kāore he ua, ka mimiti te wai o aua kōawa, ka mauheretia aua ika ki ngā roto. Heoi anō, ka ua anō, ka waipukehia aua roto, ka hora anō he ara e hoki haere ai ngā kanae ki tai.

Ngā kai a te kanae

He kai awatea te kanae. Ka ngotea ake e ia ngā hanga pōpopo kei te takere o te wai. Ka kai anō te kanae i te pūkohu wai me ētahi atu tipu moroiti noho wai. Ā, he wā anō ka kai haere i te mata o ētahi atu tipu noho wai.

Arā tētahi pūkohu wai parauri ka hora mai ki te mata o te wai, koia tētahi o ngā tino kai a te kanae. Nō reira kia kitea te para nei e mānu ana i te karetai, kua mōhio te hunga hao kanae kei raro iho pea te rāngai kanae e kai ana.

Te roa e ora ana, me te āhua o te whakaputa uri

Pērā i ngā Mugilidae katoa, me hoki rawa te kanae ki te aumoana ki te whakaputa uri. E whitu ki te waru tau te nuinga o ngā kanae e ora ana ki te kore e riro wawe i te mate, engari arā ētahi kua 15 tau rawa ki te ao ora. Kia toru tau te pakeke, kua rite ki te whakaputa uri. E 33 henemita pea te roa o ngā toa i tēnei wā, e 35 henemita te roa o ngā uwha.

Ko te Whiringa-ā-rangi ki te Huitanguru te wā whakaputa uri. Tērā pea ka tukuna tahitia e te uwha ngā hua 1,000,000 nei ki te wai.

Ka pao mai ngā torongū moroiti i te takiwā o te 48 hāora i muri i te whakatōkanga ki te waitātea a te toa. Kia 50mm pea te roa o ngā torongū, ka kīia he kanae pūhou, ā, ka kitea atu ngā āhuatanga o te kanae e mōhio nuitia ana – ōna pakipaki, te āhua o tōna waha, me ngā karu māretireti.

Ko tōna karu māretireti tētahi o ngā tino āhuatanga i rerekē ai te āhua o te kanae i te aua. Kia pēnei te pakeke o te kanae, ko te tahatai, ko ngā wāhi kurutai me ngā wai māori ōna kāinga noho.

Ōna hoariri

Kainga ai te kanae e ētahi ika nui ake i a ia, pērā i te hāpuku, i te mangā, i te aihe me te mangō. Kia kite ngā kanae i tētahi ika pēnei kei waenga i a rātou, ka whakapiripiri, ka toipoto, hei pare atu i ngā kōkiri a aua ika.

Ko tētahi atu mahi a te kanae hei ārai atu, hei whakahēhē i te hoariri, ko te korowhiti mai i te wai.

Te Aua (a Aldrichetta forsteri)

Atu i te kanae, ko te aua anake te mea o te whānau Mugilidae kei ngā wai o Aotearoa e rere haere ana. Kitea ai i te moana me ngā pūwaha o Te Ika-a-Māui me Te Waka-a-Māui. Kāore he Mugilid e noho pātata ake ana i te aua ki te pito tonga o te ao. Ka mutu, koia anake te huānga o te puninga Aldrichetta.

Tōna āhua ki te titiro atu

He iti ake te aua i te kanae. Pērā i ngā huānga katoa o te whānau Mugilidae, e rua ōna urutira, he pakipaki anō hoki kei ōna pokohiwi me tōna taha raro. He kākāriki-kiwikiwi a runga o te aua, he hiriwa a raro. He nui ōna unahi, pērā i tōna uri tata, he māmā anō te tahitahi atu.

Ka tipu kia 20 ki te 30 henemita te roa, engari arā ētahi kua tae te roa ki te 50 henemita.

He kaha ake te kōekoeko o te pane me te waha o te aua, tēnā i ō te kanae. Waihoki, he nui ake, he maha ake ōna niho.

Ko te karu kōwhai kānapanapa o te aua tētahi o ōna āhuatanga tāpua, ā, nō reira mai tōna ingoa Pākehā, te ‘kanae karu kōwhai’.

Tōna kāinga noho

Pērā i tōna uri tata, noho ai te aua ki te waitai, ki te wai kurutai, ki te wai māori anō hoki. Arā hoki tētahi taupori aua ko te roto o Waihora tō rātou kāinga pūmau, ā, kotahi anake te kaupapa e neke ai rātou i reira, ko te whakaputa uri.

Ngā kai a te aua

He āhua rite ngā kai a te aua ki nga kai a te kanae – he hanga pōpopo, he pūkohu wai, ētahi tipu moroiti, tae atu ki ētahi ika tuarā-kore iti.

Te roa e ora ana, me te āhua o te whakaputa uri

Ka whitu ki te waru tau te aua e ora ana, ā, kia rua ki te toru tau te pakeke, kua kātua, kua rite ki te whakaputa uri. Kei te takiwā o te 600,000 ki te 700,000 te maha o ngā hua ka tukuna e te uwha.

Mahia ai tēnei mahi i te moana uriuri, pērā anō i te kanae. Kia taiohi haere ngā kōhungahunga, ka hoki mai ki ngā wai pāpaku ake o te tahatai me ngā wai kurutai o ngā wahapū.

Ōna hoariri

Ko ētahi o ngā mea ka kai aua, ko ngā ika rahi ake i a ia, tae atu ki te aihe me te mangō, ā, he kai anō te aua nā te kawau.

Ngā Mihi

Ngā mihi mahana ki a rātou mā kua tautoko mai: ki a Ross Armstrong mō ētahi whakaahua o te aua; ki a Susan Pepperell rāua ko Dave Allen me Te Taihoro Nukurangi; ki a John Randall mō tana whakaahua o te kanae.

Kaiwhakamāori: Hēni Jacob.Kaihoahoa: Spencer Levine.

I whakaputaina tēnei pukapuka i te tau 2013 mō te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga e HANA Limited, Pouaka Poutāpeta 12 594, Thorndon, Te Whanganui-a-Tara 6144, Aotearoa.

Ngā kōrero © Rā Pōmare.

Nā Hana Pōmare © ngā whakaahua kei te uhi me ngā whārangi 1, 11, 12, 13, 24; nā Ellie May Logan © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 2–9, 15, 22; nā J.E. Randall © te whakaahua kei te whārangi 10; nā Ross Armstrong © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 19–21; nā Jennifer Beaumont o Te Taihoro Nukurangi te whakaahua o ngā terehu kei ngā whārangi 16–17; nā Te Taihoro Nukurangi te whakaahua o te kawau kei te whārangi 23.

Tēnei pukapuka © Te Karauna.

Kia pūmau te mana. Ngā tono katoa ki te kaiwhakaputa i te pukapuka.

Nama take 710881.ISBN 1-877422-65-7.

www.hana.co.nz

Kupu Taka

pākirikiri He momo ika; a Notolabrus celidotus, ko te ‘spotty’ tana ingoa kārangaranga Pākehā.

pūwaha Te wāhi o te awa e puta atu ai onā wai ki te moana.

rāngai He huinga ika e haere tahi ana.pūkohu wai He tipu puāwai kore ka tupu i te wai; ko

te algae.moroiti He mea ora tino pakupaku rawa atu, mā

te karu whakarahi rawa e kitea ai.