telos 91-identidad digital

8/12/2019 Telos 91-Identidad Digital

1/173

Cuadernos de Comunicacin e Innovacin

Identidad digital

Miguel Prez SubasIntroduccin. Identidad digital

Luca Caro CastaoIdentidad mosaico.La encarnacin del yo en las redes sociales digitales

Antonio Fernndez VicenteUser Profiling.De la auto-objetivacin como fuente de control

Rosala WinocurTransformaciones en el espacio pblico y privado.La intimidad de los jvenes en las redes socialesJaime Garca CanteroMovilidad y cambio social.Identidad hbrida en la era post-PC

Puntos de vista

Gens Roca

Qu dice la Red de ti?Redes sociales e identidad digital

Sergio SnchezCiudadana y Administraciones Pblicas.Tendencias pan-europeas en gestin de identidad digital

9 7 7 0 2 13 0 8 4 00 5

0 0 0 9 1 Autor invitado:

El capitalismonarrativo digitalLorenzo Vilches

y tambin:

Identidad digital

Internet yel Patrimoniocultural inmaterialMara Purificacin Subires

Abril - junio, 2012

Cuadernos de Comunicacin e Innovacin

Abr

il-junio,

2012


2/173


3/173

? 7 TELOS >

TELOS &' c'%(a*,e &ece+a*"a%e&,e $a+ '("&"'&e+ .e*,"da+ e& $'+ a*,c-$'+ f"*%ad'+4 )-e e0(*e+a&4 c'%' e+ 'b."'4 $a ('+"c"& de +-+ a-,'*e+3La Re."+,a TELOS e+, "&c$-"da e& $'+ &d"ce+ "&,e*&ac"'&a$e+ 1 &ac"'&a$e+4 La$inde(- E1Re&i#$a# ) RESH- Re&i#$a# E#!a6la# de Ciencia# Sciale#/CSIC.CINDOC0 ) E%"!ean Refe"ence Inde( f" $he H%mani$ie# /ERIH0,

Ab*"$8#-&"' ?=>?

Edita:Fundacin Telefnica

Patronato deFundacin Telefnica

PresidenteC+a* A$"e*,a I2-e$

Vicepresidente EjecutivoJa."e* Nada$ A*"'

Patronos NatosJ-$"' L"&a*e+ L(e2Sa&,"a' Fe*&&de2 Va$b-e&aJ'+ Ma*a $.a*e28Pa$$e,e L(e2G-"$$e*%' A&+a$d' L-,2Ma,,!e/ Ke1

L-"+ Ab*"$ P*e2

Patronos ElectivosA&,'&"' Ba**e*a de I*"%'Sa$.ad'* S&c!e28Te*&L-"+ S'$a&a Mada*"aaC&d"d' Ve$2)-e28Ga2,e$-J-a& V"$$a$'&a Na.a**'

SecretarioRa%"*' S&c!e2 de Le*& Ga*ca8O."e+

VicesecretariaMa*a L-2 Med*a&' A*a&-*e&

99999Director GeneralF*a&c"+c' Se**a&' Ma*,&e299999

EditorJa."e* Nada$ A*"' 5Te$ef&"ca6

Consejo de Redacci*nJ'+ F3 Bea-%'&, 5Ed",'* Ad#-&,'3U&".e*+"dad Ca*$'+ III3 Mad*"d6E&*")-e B-+,a%a&,e 5C''*d"&ad'*3U&".e*+"dad C'%($-,e&+e3 Mad*"d6J'+ de $a Pea 5F-&dac"& Te$ef&"ca6A&,'&"' Ca+,"$$' 5U&".e*+"dad Ca*$'+ III3Mad*"d6Ja."e* Ce$a1a 5U&".e*+"dad de A$ca$6R'+a Ma*a Sa"&2 5F-&dac"&Te$ef&"ca6

Comit( Cient)ficoEd-a*d' A$'&+' 5C'&+-$,'*I&de(e&d"e&,e TIC6

A$be*,' A&d*e-3 5Te$ef&"ca6E&*")-e B-+,a%a&,e3 5U&".e*+"dadC'%($-,e&+e3 Mad*"d6Cec"$"a Ca+,a'3 5U&".e*+"dadC'%($-,e&+e3 Mad*"d6Ma&-e$ Ca+,e$$+3 5U&".e*+",a, Obe*,ade Ca,a$-&1a6J'+ Cea3 5Te$ef&"ca6Ma*"a&' Ceb*"&3 5U&".e*+"dadC'%($-,e&+e3 Mad*"d6Ja."e* Ce$a1a3 5U&".e*+"dadde A$ca$ de He&a*e+6

A&,'&"' C'*d&3 5AMETIC6E&*")-e Da&+3 5IE B-+"&e+ Sc!''$6Be*&a*d' Da2 N'+,13 5U&".e*+"dad deM$aa6Ma*a P"$a* D"e2!a&d"&'3 5U&".e*+"dadCa*$'+ III3 Mad*"d6J'+ Fe*&&de2 Bea-%'&,35U&".e*+"dad Ca*$'+ III3 Mad*"d6A&"ba$ F"-e"*a+3 5Acade%"ade $a I&e&"e*a6R'+a F*a&)-e,3 5U&".e*+"dad

A-,&'%a de Ba*ce$'&a6J-a& F*e"*e3 5U&".e*+"dad de AC'*-a6J'a)-& Ga**a$da3 5IE B-+"&e++Sc!''$6J-a& A3 G"%e&' U$$a+,*e+3

5U&".e*+"dad Nac"'&a$ de Ed-cac"&a D"+,a&c"a6J'+ D'%"&' G%e2 Ca+,a$$'35A-,'c'&,*'$ de $a P-b$"c"dad6L-"+ Lada3 5Acade%"ade $a I&e&"e*a6T"+ca* La*a3 5E+c-e$ade O*a&"2ac"& I&d-+,*"a$6Ma*a*",a Led'3 5U&".e*+"dadde Sa&,"a' de C'%('+,e$a6Pa$'%a L$a&e2a3 5Ra2'&aC'&+-$,'*a6

R'+a$a L$'*e,3 5P*"+a N',"c"a+6J'+e( Ma*a L'2a&'3 5ESADE6M")-e$ de M'*aa+3 5U&".e*+"dadA-,&'%a de Ba*ce$'&a6Ja."e* Nada$3 5F-&dac"& Te$ef&"ca6N-*"a O$".e*3 5Te$ef&"ca ID6E%"$"' O&,".e*'+3 5U&".e*+"dadA-,&'%a de Mad*"d6Sa$.ad'* O*de23 5U&".e*+"dadI&,e*&ac"'&a$ Me&&de2 Pe$a1'6V"ce&,e O*,ea3 5U&".e*+"dadP'$",c&"ca3 Mad*"d6

J'*e P*e23 5U&".e*+"dadP'$",c&"ca3 Mad*"d6M"-e$ P*e2 S-ba+3 5A+'c"ac"&de U+-a*"'+ de I&,e*&e,6J'+ Ma&-e$ P*e2 T'*&e*'35U&".e*+"dad A-,&'%a3 Ba*ce$'&a6D'$'*+ Re"3 5U&".e*+",a, Obe*,a deCa,a$-&1a6A&,'&"' R'd*-e2 de $a+ He*a+35U&".e*+"dad Ca*$'+ III3 Mad*"d6Fe$"(e R'%e*a3 5Pa*)-e Tec&'$"c'de A&da$-ca6

Fe*&a&d' Se2 Vaca+3 5U&".e*+"dadP'$",c&"ca3 Mad*"d6Ja."e* Sa&,"+'3 5Te$ef&"ca E-*'(a6Ma*"' Ta+c&3 5U&".e*+"dadde Na.a**a6I&%a T-be$$a3 5U&".e*+"dad Obe*,a

de Ca,a$-&1a6Fe*&a&d' Va$$e+(&3 5U&".e*+"dadA-,&'%a3 Mad*"d6

Consejeros Cient)ficos AsociadosDe$"a C*'."3 5U&".e*+"d"ad Nac"'&a$A-,&'%a3 M0"c'6Va$e*"' F-e&2a$"da3 5U&".e*+"dadCa,$"ca3 C!"$e6He*&& Ga$(e*"&3 5U&".e*+"dadde Sa& A&d*+6Gab*"e$ Ka($&3 5U&".e*+"dad

de M'&,e."de'3 U*--a16Ra$ Ka,23 5C'$-%b"a B-+"&e++ Sc!''$6J'+ Ma*)-+ de Me$'3 5U&".e*+"dadde Sa' Pa-$'3 B*a+"$6G-"$$e*%' Ma+,*"&"3 5U&".e*+"dadde Q-"$%a+3 B-e&'+ A"*e+3 A*e&,"&a6A*%a&d Ma,,e$a*,35U&".e*+"dad Pa*"+ VIII6J'+ Ma&-e$ N'b*e C'**e"a35U&".e*+"dad L"b*e de B*-+e$a+6G"-+e((e R"c!e*"3 5U&".e*+"dadde L-a&'3 S-"2a6

F*a&c"+c' R-" Cad"%a3 5U&".e*+"dadN'.a de L"+b'a3 P'*,-a$6P!"$"( Sc!$e+"&e*3 5U&".e*+"dadde G$a+'/3 Re"&' U&"d'6Hc,'* Sc!%-c$e*3 5U&".e*+"dadde C*d'ba3 A*e&,"&a6J'!& S"&c$a"*3 5U&".e*+"dadde Me$b'-*&e3 A-+,*a$"a6Ga,a& T*e%b$a13 5U&".e*+"dadde Q-bec3 M'&,*ea$6Ra$ T*e#'3 5U&".e*+"dad Nac"'&a$A-,&'%a de M0"c'6


4/173TELOS > 7 @

0! Presentaci*n Ide&,"dad4 c-$,-*a4 e)-"dad 1 *ede+ +'c"a$e+

0# Tribunas de la Comunicaci*n # Ja."e* Fe*&&de2 de$ M'*a$3 La $e"ce"a ) defini$i&a b"echa digi$al& Fe*&a&d' V"ca*"'3 Pa"a cm%nica" la di&e"#idad

12 Autores invitados 1 L'*e&2' V"$c!e+3 El ca!i$ali#m na""a$i& en la e"a digi$al Hi!e"$e($%alidad de la# a"$e#e#c4nica# en E$ Ca(",a$ de Ma"(,

22 Pa,*"c"a C'**ed'* 1 E&*")-e B-+,a%a&,e3 Un deba$e ambig%,La# ind%#$"ia# c"ea$i&a# en E%"!a

Perspectivas ! Luis A. Albornoz y Micael Herschmann. De $a+ %a#'*+ a $'+ :barrios musicales;.

A!%n$e# #b"e la ind%#$"ia de la m8#ica en Ibe"am4"ica!" M< I+abe$ Me&&de2 Me&&de23 C%l$%"a digi$al gen4"ica, U## ) cn#%m# de la# m%je"e#

"! Dossier Identidad digital

"" M"-e$ P*e2 S-ba+3 In$"d%cci7n, Iden$idad digi$al"& L-ca Ca*' Ca+,a'3 Iden$idad m#aic, La enca"naci7n del ) en la# "ede# #ciale# digi$ale##& A&,'&"' Fe*&&de2 V"ce&,e3 U+e* P*'f"$"&3 De la a%$1bje$i&aci7n cm f%en$e de cn$"l$& R'+a$a W"&'c-*3 T"an#f"macine# en el e#!aci !8blic ) !"i&ad, La in$imidad de l# j7&ene#

en la# "ede# #ciale#

%& Ja"%e Ga*ca Ca&,e*'3 M'."$"dad 1 ca%b"' +'c"a$3 Ide&,"dad !b*"da e& $a e*a :('+,8PC;

Puntos de vista Ge&+ R'ca3+Q%4 dice la Red de $i* Rede# #ciale# e iden$idad digi$al&& Se*"' S&c!e23 Ci%dadan5a ) Admini#$"acine# P8blica#,

Tendencia# !an1E%"!ea# en ge#$i7n de iden$idad digi$al

10" An'lisis 10# Fe*&a&d' R3 C'&,*e*a+3 Una n%e&a "elaci7n en$"e el a"$i#$a ) #% b"a,La b"a de a"$e en la e"a digi$al

11# A*ace$" Ca+,e$$ Ma*,&e2 1 V"ce&,e J'+ R'+ D"e'3Acciones medioambientales.

El %# deT'i$$e" !a"a la cm%nicaci7n de la "e#!n#abilidad

11 Experiencias 12 Ma*a P-*"f"cac"& S-b"*e+, C%l$%"a en la e"a de la Web 3,2,In$e"ne$ cm medi !a"a la #al&ag%a"dia del !a$"imni c%l$%"al inma$e"ial

1!1 Actualidad L"b*'+E+ca(a*a,eRe."+,a+

I&.e+,"ac"&Re-$ac"&Ae&daC'$ab'*ad'*e+

C'&,e&"d'


5/1734 | TELOS 91

presentacin

Identidad, cultura, equidady redes sociales

La )efe)e%ca a #a* )ede* *&ca#e* 'a)ece $'&%e)*e

c,a%d& )ef#e/&%a$&* h&0 *&b)e c,a#(,e) )ea#dad &

')&ce*& $'&)+a%+e e% #a* )e#ac&%e* *&ca#e*3 *&b)e

*,* +)a%*f&)$ac&%e* 0 *,* %,e-&* fe%$e%&*2 Ta#

,bc,dad '&d)a hace) 'e%*a) ce)+a$e%+e e% #a*

$+&ga* 0 #&* d*c,)*&* ,+'c&*3 *e$')e

)e%&-ad&* 0 &$%')e*e%+e* e% e# d*c,)*&

d&$%a%+e2 Pe)& +a$b% %dca (,e *e +)a+a de ,%

ca$b& e*e%ca# de #a* c&%dc&%e* de e$*% 0

)ece'c%3 de #a &fe)+a 0 #a de$a%da de %f&)$ac%

(,e )e*,#+a dfc# g%&)a) a# ab&)da) #&* ca$b&*%d,cd&* '&) #a* Tec%&ga* de #a I%f&)$ac% 0 #a

C&$,%cac% 7TIC8 0 #a* %+e)acc&%e* *&ca#e* (,e

#a* c&%d,ce%2 E# a)b+)a!e c&))ec+& e%+)e a$b&* '&*

d*+a%+e* -e%e %ece*a)a$e%+e ')&'&)c&%ad& '&) #a

%-e*+gac% e$')ca 0 e# a%#** de+a##ad& de cada

%-e#3 e% cada e*'ac& 0 +e$'& de #a )ea#dad *&ca#2

E*+e %$e)& de Telos3 e% $ed& de ,%a %&+ab#e

d-e)*fcac% +e$+ca :de*de #a de%+dad ha*+a #ac,#+,)a3 de*de #a d*c)$%ac% de g%e)& ha*+a #a

a'#cac% de #a Re*'&%*ab#dad S&ca# C&)'&)a+-a

7RSC8:3 $,e*+)a g)fca$e%+e e*+a* c&%*+a+ac&%e*3

a# %+eg)a) #a )efe)e%ca a #a* )ede* *&ca#e* e% #a

$a0&)a de #&* +e/+&*3 'e)& c&%+e/+,a#1ada3

ab&)dada e% +)$%&* c&%c)e+&* 0 %& ')%c'*+a*3

de*de ,%a '+ca e-a#,ad&)a 0 c)+ca2

E# D&**e) ce%+)a# de e*+e > %$e)& de Telos3

c&&)d%ad& '&) Mg,e# P)e1 S,ba* 7P)e*de%+e de#a A*&cac% de U*,a)&* de I%+e)%e+83 *e ha

%,c#ead& e% +&)%& a# c&%ce'+& de Ide%+dad Dg+a#

0 *,* +)a%*f&)$ac&%e* *,*+a%ca#e* )e*'ec+& a#

$,%d& a%a#gc&2 C&$& )e*,#+ad& de #a e-a#,ac%

a%%$a *&b)e #&* %,$e)&*&* +e/+&* ##egad&* a%+e

e# ##a$a$e%+& a cab&)ac&%e*3 c,a+)& a)+c,#&*

*%+e+1a% be% #a c&$'#e!a ')&b#e$+ca

'#a%+eada4 L,ca Ca)& Ca*+a& 7U%-e)*dad de

Se-##a8 a%a#1a #a e/')e*% de%++a)a c&$& ,%a

;)ed $&*ac&


6/173TELOS 91 | 5

presentacin

d%$c& de #&* ca$b&* *,f)d&* '&) #a c,#+,)a2

Ca$b&* (,e c&%ec+a% e# 'e%*a$e%+& c)+c& 0 e#

#e%g,a!e a,d&-*,a#3 'e)& +a$b% e# c%e c#*c&

c&% *,* %,e-&* de*a))#&* %+e)ac+-&* e% e#

a%#** de+a##ad& 0 *,ge)e%+e de L&)e%1& V#che*

7U%-e)*dad A,+%&$a de Ba)ce#&%a8 de #a

'e#c,#a de A#e/a%de) K#,ge *&b)e El Capital5

ca$b&* c&%ce'+,a#e* e% e# 'e%*a$e%+& 0 e# )

*&ca# de #a c,#+,)a ',e*+&* de )e#e-e e% e# ba#a%ce

c)+c& (,e Pa+)ca C&))ed&) 7U%-e)*dad Re0 J,a%

Ca)#&*8 0 E%)(,e B,*+a$a%+e 7U%-e)*dadC&$'#,+e%*e8 hace% de #a e*+)a+ega ?=?= de #a

U%% E,)&'ea3 0 de *,* g,ada%e*ca* )efe)e%ca*

a #a* %d,*+)a* c)ea+-a*2

E*+a #%ea de %-e*+gac% $,e*+)a &+)a de *,*

$#+'#e* ca)a* e% e# e*+,d& de L,* A#b&)%&1

7U%-e)*dad Ca)#&* III8 0 Mcae# He)*ch$a%%

7U%-e)*dad Fede)a# de R& de Ja%e)&8 *&b)e #a

$*ca 0 #a %d,*+)a d*c&g)fca e%

La+%&a$)ca3 (,e e-de%ca ade$* %,e-a*

e/'e)e%ca* dg+a#e* '&%e)a* de #a* '+ca*

'b#ca*2 Ad(,e)e +a$b% ,%a -*% %+eg)a#

c)+ca *&b)e #a c&%+)b,c% de #a* TIC a #a

+)a%*f&)$ac% de# a)+e 0 de *, 'a'e# *&ca# e% e#

+e/+& de Fe)%a%d& R2 C&%+)e)a* 7U%-e)*dad de

Se-##a85 0 *e c&%c)e+a e% #a *ecc% de E/'e)e%ca*

e% e# a)+c,#& de Ma)a P,)fcac% S,b)e*

7U%-e)*dad de M#aga8 *&b)e e# ,*& %+e%*-& de

I%+e)%e+ 'a)a #a c&%*e)-ac% 0 df,*% de#

'a+)$&%& c,#+,)a# %$a+e)a# 7+)adc&%e* &)a#e*3

$*ca*3 #e%g,a*682

O+)&* a)+c,#&* de e*+e %$e)& ab&)da%

+e$+ca* (,e %& e*+% +a% #e!&* de #a* a%+e)&)e*

c&$& '&d)a 'a)ece)2 Ba!& e# ++,#& C,#+,)a dg+a#

ge%)ca3 Ma)a I*abe# Me%%de1 7U%-e)*dad de

B,)g&*8 e/a$%a #&* ')&ce*&* de %c#,*% 0

e/c#,*% de #a $,!e) e% e# ,*& de #a* )ede*

*&ca#e*3 a%+c'a%d& a* %,e*+)&* &b!e+-&* de ,%')/$& d&**e)2 Y3 e% #a *ecc% de A%#**3

A)ace# Ca*+e## 7U%-e)*dad de A#ca%+e8 0 Vce%+e

J&* R&* 7CEU de Va#e%ca8 d*ecc&%a% e# ,*& de

T.++e) c&$& he))a$e%+a e*e%ca# 'a)a #a

c&$,%cac% '&) #a* e$')e*a* de *,* e*+)a+ega*

de RSC3 e*'eca#$e%+e e% %ca+-a*

$ed&a$be%+a#e*2

E% *, c&%!,%+&3 e*+a e%+)ega de Telos ac)ed+a

a* #a #a)ga +)a0ec+&)a de %,e*+)a )e-*+a c&$&

,%a '#a+af&)$a %+e)%ac&%a# ')-#egada de

%-e*+gac% 0 deba+e *&b)e #a c&$,%cac% 0 #a

c,#+,)a dg+a#3 e% +&d&* *,* $* a$'#&*

*e%+d&*3 'e)& +a$b% *&b)e #&* -a#&)e*

h,$a%&* 0 *&ca#e* (,e debe% g,a) e# de*a))#&

de e*+e %,e-& $,%d& +&da-a e$e)ge%+e 0 e%

+)a%*c% c&%+%,a2

En memoria de Reinhard Gde

Primer diseador de Telos

Re%ha)d Gde 7Lbec"3 A#e$a%a8 ha fa##ecd& a

#&* @ a&*2 De*de Telos (,e)e$&* )e%d)

h&$e%a!e a# a)+e de Gde3 (,e% d*e #a ')$e)a

$a(,e+a de %,e*+)a )e-*+a d,)a%+e $e*e* 'a)a

*, %ac$e%+& e% e%e)& de >@2 E*+a

$a(,e+ac% &)g%a#3 f,e)+e$e%+e %%&-ad&)a e%

*, '&ca3 d& f&)$a a Telos e% *,* ')$e)&*c%c,e%+a %$e)&*3 ha*+a >2

Re%ha)d Gde3 d*ead&) %ca# de El Pas3 0 de

&+)a* $,cha* ',b#cac&%e* e*'aa* e

%+e)%ac&%a#e*3 )ecb %,$e)&*a* d*+%c&%e*

'&) *, &b)a3 e%+)e e##a* e# ')e$& La,* 0 e# de #a

S&ce+0 f&) Ne.* De*g%2


7/1736 | TELOS 91

tribunas de la comunicacin

La tercera y definitivabrecha digital

Ja&ie" Fe"n7nde) del M"al

Hace 1a -&'+ a'+6 de+de e+,a+ %!+%a+ (g!&a+6

)-!+e ($a&,ea* -&a !&)-!e,-d (e*+'&a$ c'%'

!&.e+,!gad'* e& c'%-&!cac!& a($!cada6 c'& $a

(*e,e&+!& de e0,e&de*$a a ,'da $a c'%-&!dad

c!e&,Kf!ca5 A(a*e&,e%e&,e e*a -&a +!%($e c-e+,!&

,e*%!&'$g!ca de $a !&f'*%ac!&?6 de %'d' )-e e$

f*aca+' de %! (*'(-e+,a &' a ('d!d' +e* %+

e+,*e(!,'+'8 +e ab$a c'&,!&-a%e&,e de $a+Tec&'$'gKa+ de $a I&f'*%ac!& 1 $a C'%-&!cac!&

e& $-ga* de Tec&'$'gKa+ (a*a $a I&f'*%ac!& 1 $a

C'%-&!cac!&6 +!& c'&+!de*a* $' %+ %K&!%' $a

e0!+,e&c!a de -& c'*(-+ c!e&,Kf!c' +'b*e $a

!&f'*%ac!& 1 $a c'%-&!cac!& c'& e.!de&,e+

a($!cac!'&e+ (*c,!ca+5

Un nuevo juego terminolgico

Ha& (a+ad' %+ de .e!&,e a'+ 1 &'+ .e%'+

a'*a !&%e*+'+ e& -& &-e.' "-eg' ,e*%!&'$g!c'

*e$ac!'&ad' c'& e+a S'c!edad de $a I&f'*%ac!&6 de$

c'&'c!%!e&,'6 a $a )-e %-c'+ c*ee& )-e e%'+

2 Fe"n7nde) del M"al- J, /26610, +N%e&a# $ecnlg9a#

n%e&a# ciencia#* Te$'+- N, 31- 6,


8/173

TELOS 91 | 7


$$egad' b*eca+ d!g!,a$e+?,

E$ ,*%!&' ac-ad' ('* L$'1d M'**!+e,, a ec'

f'*,-&a (a*a *efe*!*+e a e+a+ de+!g-a$dade+ e&,*e

>c'&ec,ad'+? 1 >de+c'&ec,ad'+? ('* d!fe*e&,e+

%',!.'+5

E& (*!%e* $-ga*6 e+,a* ' &' e+,a* e& $a Red

de(e&de6 c'%' &'+ *ec'*daba Ab*aa% M'$e+ e&

-& c-*+' de .e*a&' de $a U&!.e*+!dad C'%($-,e&+e

e& 6 de +! ,- -b!cac!& e& $a +'c!edad e& *ed

c'!&c!de c'& -& &d-$' ' c'& -& ag-"e*'6 (*'(!' de,'da+ $a+ *ede+5 La ('+!b!$!dad ' &' de c'&e0!&

%a*c $a e0!+,e&c!a de $a >(*!%e*a b*eca d!g!,a$?6

)-e c'!&c!dKa b+!ca%e&,e c'& $a d!.!+!& '*d!&a$

de$ %-&d'5 P'* e+' $'+ (aK+e+ %e&'+ de+a**'$$ad'+

+e a($!ca*'& a c'&+eg-!* $a a&+!ada c'&e0!&6

a(a*ec!e&d' e&,'&ce+ e$ c'&ce(,' de >+eg-&da

b*eca d!g!,a$? (a*a *efe*!*+e a $'+ e0c$-!d'+ ('*

d!fe*e&,e+ %',!.'+ a (e+a* de d!+('&e* de c'&e0!&

:f'*%ac!& d!g!,a$ 1 ac,-a$!2ac!& de e+a f'*%ac!&6

e0c$-+!& +'c!a$ ' ec'&%!ca6 e%!g*ac!&6

de+a**a!g' ' !&c$-+' g&e*'6 c'%' a(-&, e& +- dKa

Cec!$!a Ca+,a';5 T'da+ e+a+ de+!g-a$dade+ a&

('d!d' !de&,!f!ca* d!fe*e&,e+ b*eca+6 a $a+ )-e $'+

!&.e+,!gad'*e+ a& !d' !de&,!f!ca&d' c'& &-e.'+

'*d!&a$e+6 c-a&d' e& *ea$!dad ,'da+ ,!e&e& a$g' e&

c'%&7 $a d!+c*!%!&ac!& e& e$ acce+'6 ('* $' )-e

b!e& ('d*Ka c'&+!de*a*+e ,'d' c'%' +eg-&dab*eca d!g!,a$5

A'*a b!e&6 !%ag!&e%'+ -& %-&d' g$'ba$!2ad'6

c'%($e,a%e&,e c'&ec,ad'6 ('b$ad' 1a ,'d' $ de

&a,!.'+ d!g!,a$e+ $$e&'+ de (e*!c!a 1 %',!.ac!&6

(a*a e.!,a* ,a%b!& $a+ ',*a+ ('+!b$e+ b*eca+

!de&,!f!cada+ ('* Ja& .a& D!"#8 4ab*e%'+

a$ca&2ad' e&,'&ce+ $a %e,a de e+a +'c!edad de$

c'&'c!%!e&,' a $a )-e &'+ e+,a%'+ *ef!*!e&d'

c'&+,a&,e%e&,e3 M! d!ag&+,!c' e& e+,e ca+'

*e+-$,a de+de $-eg' %-1 !&)-!e,a&,e 1 e+ )-e

(*ec!+a%e&,e e&,'&ce+ e+ c-a&d' ab*e%'+

e&,*ad' e& $a >,e*ce*a 1 def!&!,!.a b*eca d!g!,a$?5

La tercera brecha digital

4E& )- c'&+!+,e de+de %! (-&,' de .!+,a e+a

,e*ce*a b*eca3 P-e+ (*ec!+a%e&,e e& $a

+e(a*ac!& e&,*e e$ c'&'c!%!e&,' e0(e*,' 1 e$

c'&'c!%!e&,' +'c!a$8 e&,e&d!e&d' ('*

c'&'c!%!e&,' e0(e*,' e$ )-e %+ 1 %e"'* &'+

ace*ca a $a .e*dad de $a+ c'+a+ 1 )-e +!g-e& $'+

d!fe*e&,e+ e+(ec!a$!+,a+6 ada(,&d'$'

c'&+,a&,e%e&,e a $'+ *e+-$,ad'+ de +-+

!&.e+,!gac!'&e+ c!e&,Kf!ca+8 1 ('* c'&'c!%!e&,'

+'c!a$ e$ )-e c!*c-$a ('* I&,e*&e, %a1'*!,a*!a%e&,e6

e& e$ )-e !&defec,!b$e%e&,e ,e*%!&a& $a %a1'*(a*,e de $'+ !&,e*&a-,a+ .e&ga& de d'&de .e&ga& 1

+e d!*!"a& ad'&de +e d!*!"a&5 E& e+e +e&,!d'6 $a+

$$a%ada+ *ede+ +'c!a$e+ &' de"a& de 'f*ece* $'+

%!+%'+ !&c'&.e&!e&,e+ )-e 'f*ec! e& +- dKa $a

(*'(!a +'c!edad e& *ed6 $a )-e !%('&e $a e0!+,e&c!a

de $'+ &d-$'+ ' &-d'+ d'&de e+, ,'d' e$ %-&d' 1

de $'+ ag-"e*'+ ' -ec'+ d'&de &' a1 &ad!e5

4C%' +e !de&,!f!ca e&,'&ce+ $a ,e*ce*a b*eca3

P-e+ "-+,a%e&,e c'& $a -!da de$ &a.ega&,e de

I&,e*&e, de$ c'&'c!%!e&,' e+(ec!a$!2ad'6 c'& $a

+e(a*ac!& de $'+ %e&+a"e+ c'%($e"'+8 1 'c-**!*

!&defec,!b$e%e&,e )-e e+a &-e.a b*eca +e !*

ab*!e&d' %+ 1 %+ (*ec!+a%e&,e a %ed!da )-e

-+a%'+ $a Red5 Hab$a%'+ de -&a +'c!edad

.e*,!g!&'+a6 +-(e*f!c!a$ 1 (*eca*!a8 ca(a2 de $a+

%a1'*e+ de+,*e2a+ ,ec&'$g!ca+ 1 de $a+ %a1'*e+

abe**ac!'&e+8 +-+ce(,!b$e de cae* e& c-a$)-!e*g-!' !&,e*e+ad'8 !&e*%e a&,e ,'da %a&!(-$ac!&5

Na.ega%'+ cada .e2 c'& %+ de+,*e2a ('* -& %a*

de !&f'*%ac!& e+ca+a%e&,e (e*,!&e&,e6 +!&

de,e&e*&'+ &-&ca5 Re+-$,a !&,e*e+a&,e e& e+e

+e&,!d' a,e&de* $a+ .'ce+ )-e *ec!e&,e%e&,e &'+

e+,& a$e*,a&d' +'b*e e+,a c-e+,!&6 c'%' $a de

N!c'$a+ Ca**

' $a de $'+ a-,'*e+ )-e &'+ (*e.!e&e&

+'b*e &-e+,*' !**e%ed!ab$e de+,!&' e& $a+

a&,K('da+ de $a +'c!edad de$ c'&'c!%!e&,'6 e& $a

+'c!edad de $a !g&'*a&c!a

5

A&,e e+,e *!e+g' e.!de&,e de b*eca d!g!,a$

def!&!,!.a6 &' ('de%'+ +eg-!* a('+,a&d' ('* $a %e*a

3

Ca""- N, /31220, S-(e*f!c!a$e+ 4Q-e e+, ac!e&d'

I&,e*&e, e& &-e+,*a+ %e&,e+, Mad"id. Ta%"%#,

4

Ma(#- C, ( B"e(- A, /Ed#,0, /31220,

La +'c!edad de $a !g&'*a&c!a, Ba"celna. Pen9n#%la,


9/173

8 | TELOS 91


,ec&'$'gKa de $a fK+!ca8 e+ (*ec!+' 1 -*ge&,e e%(e2a* a

.a$'*a* &-e.'+ c'&'c!%!e&,'+ c!e&,Kf!c'+

*e$ac!'&ad'+ c'& $a !&f'*%ac!& 1 $a c'%-&!cac!&5

C'&'c!%!e&,'+ )-e +e debe& ,*ad-c!* e& -&a+

ab!$!dade+ c'%-&!ca,!.a+ (*ec!+a+6 e& -&a

!&ge&!e*Ka6 e& -&a Tec&'$'gKa de $a I&f'*%ac!& 1 $a

C'%-&!cac!& de $a )-e +!& d-da $a (*!%e*a

%a&!fe+,ac!& debe* +e* e$ (e*!'d!+%'6 -&

(e*!'d!+%' (*'fe+!'&a$6 e+(ec!a$!2ad'6 *!g-*'+' 1

c'%($e"'8 -& (e*!'d!+%' de ca$!dad !%(*e+c!&d!b$e

'1 1a e& $a Red6 c'%' acab' de ('&e* de %a&!f!e+,'

e& -&a a('*,ac!& (a*a e$ $!b*' b$a&c' )-e acaba de(-b$!ca* $a A+'c!ac!& de Ed!,'*e+ de E+(aa

F

5

E$ (e*!'d!+%' e& $a S'c!edad de $a I&f'*%ac!&

(a+a* a +e* -&a ac,!.!dad !%(*e+c!&d!b$e (a*a

+e(a*a* $' (e*,!&e&,e de $' !%(e*,!&e&,e6 $' ,!$ de

$' !&,!$6 $' .e*dade*' de $' fa$+'6 +!g-!e&d' -&

!,!&e*a*!' %a*cad' *ec!e&,e%e&,e ('* Be&ed!c,'

XVI6 )-e ac!e&d' ga$a de -&a &',ab$e +e&+!b!$!dad

a +!d' ca(a2 de ac-a* $'+ ,*%!&'+ >!&f'('b*e2a?

e >!&f',!ca? (a*a *efe*!*+e a $a %+ ,e%!b$e b*eca

d!g!,a$6 $a )-e &'+ c'&d-ce a $a !g&'*a&c!a6 a $a

%e&,!*a6 a $a 2af!edad6 a $a e+c$a.!,-d6 a'*a e+' +K6

('* .Ka+ ,ec&'$g!ca%e&,e cada .e2 %+

a.a&2ada+5 Y .'$.e%'+ a %! (*eg-&,a de ace

.e!&,!d+ a'+7 4Seg-!%'+ ab$a&d' de

Tec&'$'gKa+ de $a I&f'*%ac!& 1 $a C'%-&!cac!&+!& ab$a* de C!e&c!a+ de $a I&f'*%ac!& 1 $a

C'%-&!cac!&3

5

Fe"n7nde) del M"al- J, /31220, Im!"$ancia del

!e"idi#m de calidad en el m%nd digi$al, En

A#ciaci;n de Edi$"e# de E#!a:a /AEDE0-

A&-a*!' , Mad"id. AEDE,


10/173

TELOS 91 | 9


Para comunicar la diversidad

Fe"nand Vica"i

E& $a (e$Kc-$a -*-g-a1a El &iaje hacia el ma"6 de$

d!*ec,'* G-!$$e*%' Ca+a&'.a6 -&' de $'+

(*',ag'&!+,a+6 ba"' -& +'be*a&' ag-ace*' 1 a*,'

de $a+ !&c'%'d!dade+6 (*eg-&,a a ',*' de +-+

c'%(ae*'+ e& $a (a!$a de$ ca%!& e& )-e .!a"a&7

@Ce6 4.'+ (e&++ )-e %e*ece $a (e&a e$ .!a"e36 a

$' )-e +- c'$ega *e+('&de7 @S'b*e ,'d' c-a&d' $'

c'&,+5 Je++ Ma*,K& Ba*be*'6 e& +- e0ce$e&,e

$!b*' Ofici de Ca"$;g"af6 af!*%a7 @La %a1'*Ka de $a

ge&,e g'2a %-c' %+ de $a ,e$e&'.e$a c-a&d' $a

c-e&,a )-e c-a&d' $a .e

5 A*!a&&a H-ff!&g,'&a+e.e*a )-e @e$ &-e.' e&,*e,e&!%!e&,' de $a ge&,e

e+ c'%-&!ca*

5 P'* e$ %-&d' de $a c'%-&!cac!&

(a+a $a (-e+,a e& c'%& de$ +e&,!d' de .!.!* e&

+'c!edad5 C'%' d!ce Ra%& Za$$'

6 $a c-$,-*a 1 $a

c'%-&!cac!& +e a& c'&.e*,!d' e& -& e$e%e&,'

c'%& e& $a+ &-e.a+ e+,*a,eg!a+ de de+a**'$$'

-*ba&' *eg!'&a$5

Cultura y comunicacin, dos fenmenos

inseparables

E$ +!+,e%a c-$,-*a$ )-e da f'*%a a $'+ d!fe*e&,e+

%'d'+ de c'&.!.e&c!a +e c'&+'$!da a ,*a.+ de $'+

(*'ce+'+ de c'%-&!cac!&5 La c-$,-*a da +e&,!d' a

$a c'%-&!cac!&6 (e*' e+ $a c'%-&!cac!& $a )-e

a+!e&,a e$ +e&,!d' de $a c-$,-*a e& e$ e+(ac!' e& )-e

+e de+a**'$$a5 E+,e e+ -& %'%e&,' e& e$ )-e

!&,e&,a%'+ c!%e&,a* c'%' -& ec' c-$,-*a$ $'+

&-e.'+ %'d'+ de c'%-&!ca* de $a +'c!edad6

a,*a.e+ad'+ ('* $a+ &-e.a+ ,ec&'$'gKa+5

L'+ ca%b!'+ +'c!a$e+6 1a +ea& (*'d-c!d'+ ('* $'+

a.a&ce+ ,ec&'$g!c'+6 ('* $'+ de+a+,*e+ b$!c'+ '

('* $a+ c*!+!+ ec'&%!ca+6 +e c'%-&!ca& 1 ge&e*a&

&-e.'+ (*'ce+'+ c-$,-*a$e+ *e+-$,ad' de e+,a+g*a&de+ ,*a&+f'*%ac!'&e+5

U&a .e2 $a c'%-&!cac!& a ge&e*ad' ,'d'+ +-+

*e+'*,e+


11/173

10| TELOS 91


de&'%!&a e$ e+(ac!' c-$,-*a$ c'%' -& e+(ac!' de

,e&+!'&e+6 +'& $a+ )-e de f'*%a !&d!+c-,!b$e

ge&e*a& $a &ece+!dad de e+'+ ca%b!'+5 P*'(!c!a& $a

c*K,!ca &ece+a*!a (a*a e&ce&de* $a %eca de e+'+

ca%b!'+5 A1-da& a e%e*ge* $'+ de+c'&,e&,'+ )-e

(e*%!,e& .!+-a$!2a* e+'+ ca%b!'+5 E0!+,e -&a

*e$ac!& e& $a )-e a%ba+ d!+c!($!&a+ debe& +-

e0!+,e&c!a $a -&a a $a ',*a5

Pa*a ('de* a(-&,a$a* e+,a af!*%ac!& e+

!%(*e+c!&d!b$e d!fe*e&c!a* e&,*e !&f'*%ac!& 1

c'%-&!cac!&5 La !&f'*%ac!& ,*a&+%!,e -&a +e*!e

de c'&'c!%!e&,'+ 1 a('*,a da,'+ (a*a $a f'*%ac!&de $'+ !&d!.!d-'+5 La (*!&c!(a$ ca*ac,e*K+,!ca )-e

debe def!&!* $a !&f'*%ac!& e+ $a .e*ac!dad5 G*ac!a+

a $a !&f'*%ac!& )-e *ec!b!%'+ 1 $'+ da,'+ )-e $a

!&f'*%ac!& &'+ a('*,a6 +'%'+ ca(ace+ de ge&e*a*

-& c'&'c!%!e&,' )-e &'+ (e*%!,e de+a**'$$a* -&

e+(K*!,- c*K,!c'5 P*!%e* (a+' (a*a e+,ab$ece* -&

d!$'g' e& !g-a$dad de c'&d!c!'&e+6 -&a

*e,*'a$!%e&,ac!& e)-!,a,!.a6 )-e e+ $a ba+e c!e*,a

de $a c'%-&!cac!&5 E+ e& e+e %'%e&,' e& e$ )-e

c'%!e&2a $a c'%-&!cac!& c'%' %eca &ece+a*!a

(a*a !&!c!a* $'+ ca%b!'+6 +'c!a$!2a* $'+ de+c'&,e&,'+

)-e &'+ a1-da& a %'d!f!ca* e$ e+(ac!' e& )-e &'+

de+e&.'$.e%'+ c'%' +e*e+ +'c!a$e+5

E$ g*a& *e,' de$ +!g$' XX f-e %e"'*a* $a+

ca(ac!dade+ (a*a a-%e&,a* $a !&f'*%ac!& )-e

)-e*Ka%'+ ace* $$ega* a &-e+,*'+ *ece(,'*e+5 E$

g*a& *e,' de $a ,ec&'$'gKa de$ +!g$' XXI e+ a-%e&,a*$a+ ('+!b!$!dade+ de )-e e+,a !&f'*%ac!& +e

c'&.!e*,a e& e$ &-,*!e&,e *ea$ de -&a c'%-&!cac!&

e)-!,a,!.a 1 *ef$e0!.a6 )-e (e*%!,a $a e)-!dad ,a&,'

de acce+'6 c'%' de c*eac!&5

E$ 'b"e,!.' f!&a$ de $a !&f'*%ac!&6 ade%+


12/173

de (e*%-,a* $'+ (*'ce+'+ de !&f'*%ac!& 1

,*a+,'ca* &-e+,*a ca(ac!dad de c'%-&!cac!&5 N'+

.e%'+ 'b$!gad'+ a c'%-&!ca*&'+ c'& -&a *a(!de2

)-e &' e+ -%a&a6 e+ ,ec&'$g!ca8 e$ ,!e%(' de $a+%)-!&a+ e+ e$ ,!e%(' de $a !&%ed!a,e26 e$ ,!e%('

de $'+ -%a&'+ e+ e$ de $a ca$%a5

S! $a c'%-&!cac!& f!"a $'+ (*'ce+'+ c-$,-*a$e+6 1

$a c'%-&!cac!& e+ e$ ,!e%(' de$ e&c-e&,*' c'& -&

',*' (a*a +- !&c$-+!& e& %! *ea$!dad 1 %! !&c$-+!&

e& $a +-1a6 a (a*,!* de +K%b'$'+ ,*aba"ad'+ e&

c'&"-&,'6 1 e$ ,!e%(' (a*a ,'d' e+,' cada .e2 e+

%e&'*6 (a*ece fc!$ ded-c!* )-e $a c'%-&!cac!& e+cada .e2 %e&'+ e$ e+(ac!' de$ e&c-e&,*' 1 %+ e$

e+(ac!' de $a 'b+'$e+ce&c!a de $a+ *e$ac!'&e+5 E$

e+(ac!' de $' $K)-!d'6 c'%' 1a a +ea$ad'

Ba-%a&5

E$ *!e+g' f-&da%e&,a$ e+ e$ de ba&a$!2a* $a

c'%-&!cac!&6 de$ %!+%' %'d' )-e e%'+

ba&a$!2ad' $a !&f'*%ac!&5 C'& e$$' .a%'+ $$ega&d'

a $a ba&a$!2ac!& de $a c-$,-*a5 S! (',e&c!a%'+ $a

c'%-&!cac!& ca$%ada 1 ,*a&)-!$a6 *ec-(e*a%'+

e+(ac!'+ de c'&.!.e&c!a5 E+(ac!'+ e& $'+ )-e $'

!&,e*e+a&,e e+ )-e e$ ',*' +ea d!fe*e&,e6 e+(ac!'+

e& $'+ )-e $' !%('*,a&,e e+ ,e&e* ,!e%(' (a*a

e&,e&de* $' d!.e*+'5

Pe*' +! *e+,a%'+ ,!e%(' a $a c'%-&!cac!&6

'b$!ga%'+ a c*ea* cd!g'+ c'%(a*,!d'+ e& $'+ )-e

*(!da%e&,e ('da%'+ +abe* )-!& e+ 1 )- )-!e*e

e+e ',*' c'& e$ )-e &'+ .a%'+ a c'%-&!ca*5

Cd!g'+ )-e &'+ 'b$!ga& a ,'d'+ a ab$a* -&a +'$a

$e&g-a c'%' f-e&,e %a,*!2 de e&,e&d!%!e&,' 1

cd!g'+ e& $'+ )-e +e(a%'+ de f'*%a !&+,a&,&ea

$' )-e +!g&!f!ca -&a %a&!,a ac!a a**!ba ' -&aa$%'ad!$$a c'& d'+ $e,*a+ de,*+5

P*!'*!2a%'+ e$ ,!e%(' e& $a c'%-&!cac!& c'%'

'%e&a"e a$ c'&+-%'5 C-a&d' $a (*!%e*a %ed!da

(a*a de+a**'$$a*&'+ c'%' +e*e+ -%a&'+ e+

*ec-(e*a* e$ ,!e%(' de $a c'%-&!cac!&6 c'%'

'%e&a"e a $a c'&.!.e&c!a5 La ,ec&'$'gKa &' debe

+e* $a )-e !&f$-1a e& &-e+,*'+ (*'ce+'+ de

c'%-&!cac!&6 +!&' &-e+,*'+ (*'ce+'+ dec'%-&!cac!& $'+ )-e d!c,e& $a+ &'*%a+ de -+' de

$a+ &-e.a+ ,ec&'$'gKa+5

N' *e+ca,a* e$ ('de* de $a c'%-&!cac!& 1 +eg-!*

de"&d'$' e& %a&'+ de $a+ ,ec&'$'gKa+ de $a

!&f'*%ac!& e+ &' e&,e&de* e$ .a$'* de $a

c'&.!.e&c!a 1 aba&d'&a*$' e& %a&'+ de$ c'&+-%'5

E+ !%('+!b$e defe&de* $a d!.e*+!dad c-$,-*a$ +!&

defe&de* -&a c'%-&!cac!& de ca$!dad5 P'* e$$'

e+,e .!a"e %e*ece $a (e&a +'b*e ,'d' c-a&d' $'

c'&,a%'+6 (e*' ,a%b!& c-a&d' $' e+c-ca%'+5

A(*e&de* )-e e+c-ca* e+ $a f'*%a de c'&,a* (a*a

ade&,*' e+ )-!2 e$ g*a& *e,' de $'+ &-e.'+ %'d'+

a $'+ )-e &'+ e&f*e&,a $a ,ec&'$'gKa5 De"a* )-e e$

',*' c-e&,e6 c'& +- ,!e%('6 e+ de"a* )-e $a

c'%-&!cac!& *ec-(e*e $a ca$%a (*ec!+a (a*a +e*

ef!ca2 e& +- 'b"e,!.' $,!%'6 '*ga&!2a* $a

c'&.!.e&c!a de+de $a+ d!fe*e&c!a+5

TELOS 91 | 11



13/173

L(+e'3( V"%c!e,

P-+"c" C(++ed(+ L',

E'+"*.e B.,-&'-e R&+e3

A10+.%*2%0a+


14/173

e( ca,%0a(%/)+ *a..a0%2+ !* (a !.a %#%0a(

Hipr!%!"alidad d la ar!

c0nica n el Capi!aldMar%t$! Ca,%0a(%/0 na..a0%2! %* 0$! d%#%0a( e.at$! h5,!.0!40 sc.!!* v!./%+* +" Ka.( Ma.4G/ D, K)"-%

L(+e'3( V"%c!e,

ReSUMeNAlexAndeR Kluge Pone en esCenA EL CaPitaLde MARx: InsPIRAdo en un PRoyeCto deeIsensteIn9 lA PelWCulA: de OJ MInutos: deunA estVtICA ModeRnIstA y unA estRuCtuRAde ARte dIgItAl: Rene A FIlYsoFos: ARtIstAsy esCRItoRes en toRno A un PRoyeCtoARtWstICoPolWtICo

ABSTRACTAlexAndeR Kluge CReAtes the FIlM veRsIonoF dAs KAPItAl: tAKIng InsPIRAtIon FRoMeIsensteIn9 the OJMInute FIlM: ModeRnIst:And Full oF dIgItAl ARt: ConvenesPhIlosoPheRs: ARtIsts: And wRIteRs ARoundA PolItICAl ARt PRojeCt

Palabra cla#(C%*!: I!+(+#_a: F%cc%*: F%(+/+"_a: M!.ca*c_a: R!2+(1c%*

K&$ord(F%(): I!+(+#5: F%c0%+*: P$%(+/+,$5: M!.c$a*%/!: R!2+(10%+*

TELOS 91 |

a10+. %*2%0a+


15/173

N | TELOS 91

a10+. %*2%0a+

Hu*+ ,1!! !/%#*a. c+)+ 2!(+c%a !!2a(1ac%*G !( )++ !* !( -1! (a/ c+/a/: (a/

.!(ac%+*!/ + (a/ %!a/ !*0.a* !* 1*a 2+.[#%*! !* (a

-1! /+(+ (+ )[/ *+2!+/+ 5 (+ )[/ +.%#%*a( 5 (+ -1!$a/0a a$+.a *+ !4%/0_a 0%!*! 2a(+. c+)!.c%a(: ,1!!

2!*!./!9 e/0+ 2a(! ,a.a 0+a (a !/"!.a ,b(%ca !*!/0! )+)!*0+9

o/'a. n!#0

LJJ9 d1.a*0! (a F!.%a ! F.a*'"1.0: (a !%0+.%a(s1$.'a), v!.(a# g)bh ,.+,+*! a A(!4a*!.

K(1#!: !/c.%0+. 5 c%*!a/0a +c1)!*0a(%/0a !.!*+)b.! )1*%a(: .!0+)a. !( ,.+5!c0+ !e%/!*/0!%*: c+*c!b%+ !* SL: ,a.a ((!2a. E%C)"-% ! Ma.4 a( c%*!9 K(1#! !c%! .!c1,!.a. (a/*1)!.+/a/ *+0a/ 5 %b1&+/ !( ,.!#1%* ! s!.#!%e%/!*/0!%* 5 ((!2a. a cab+ (a ,!(_c1(a %),+/%b(!9e( "%()! ! K(1#!: N(-"c", de % '-"Tedd"de(%"c: 0%!*! "+.)a0+ ! ;: : ,.+,%+ !( c%*!)1+ 5 $ab%01a( !* /1/ +c1)!*0a(!/< !( )[/

c+*2!*%!*0!: /!#* /1 %.!c0+.: ,+.-1! ac!.ca a(!/,!c0a+. a (a %)a#!*9

la a2!*01.a ! .!%*2!*0a. (a ,+]0%ca ! E% C)"-%0!.)%* ! )+*0a./! !* LJJ9 la +b.a: %/0.%b1%a,+. (a !%0+.%a( s1$.'a), v!.(a#: c+*/%/0! !* 1*"%()! ! ca/% *1!2! $+.a/ /+b.! /+,+.0! dvd:*a..a+ !* "+.)a *+ (%*!a(: 1*a .a)a01.#%a!/"].%caG c+)+ (a -1! !*c+*0.a)+/ !* !( 1*%2!./+

%#%0a( ac01a(9 Pa.a !( %.!c0+.: /! 0.a0a ! 1* "%()!%*0!.ac0%2+ c+*c!,01a()!*0!: +*! !/ !(!/,!c0a+.: c+*2!.0%+ !* 1* 0.aba&a+. a.0_/0%c+:-1%!* !b! ,+*!. a 0.aba&a. /1 /1b&!0%2%a ,a.ac+*/!#1%. !( +b&!0%2+ -1! Ka.( Ma.4 0!*_a !* )!*0!a( !/c.%b%. E% C)"-%9

K(1#! 10%(%6a !( c%*! c+)+ /% "1!.a* a,(%cac%+*!/%*0!.ac0%2a/ ! I*0!.*!0: c+* )1(0%,(%c%a !".a#)!*0+/ ! %*"+.)ac%* a1%+2%/1a( ,!-1!`+/! %*0!.c+*!c0a+/: )!6c(aa/ c+* !*(ac!/*a..a0%2+/ a +c1)!*0+/ a1%+2%/1a(!/: a.0!"ac0+/#.["%c+/: 0!40+/ 5 ,!./+*a&!/ -1! ,1!!* (!!./! 5!/c1c$a./! !* c1a(-1%!. +.!*9 s1 !/0.1c01.a0!),+.a( /! %2%! !* O ,%!6a/ -1! 2a* ! a LO)%*10+/: c+)+ !* 1*a c+(!cc%* ! y+1t1b!:!/0.1c01.a+/ !* /!c1!*c%a/ 5 *a..ac%+*!/a10*+)a/: )a0!.%a(!/ "(!4%b(!/ -1! .+),!* (a

(%*!a(%a !( (%b.+ 5 !( "%()!9

e( !/,!c0a+. !/ %*2%0a+ a a/1)%. (a ,+/01.aa*[(+#a a (a !( 1/1a.%+ ! I*0!.*!0 -1!:*a2!#a*+ ,+. (a ,a*0a((a: a*a(%6a 0%01(a.!/ 5)(,-,:

2%/%+*a ,-+e&"': !/c1c$a )/%ca !* "+.)a/%*c.]0%ca 5 *a2!#a /%* ,.%/a !*(ac! ,+. !*(ac!9e/0a !/0.1c01.a: )a*!&ab(! c+)+ 1*)e+,('% b+"'a1%+2%/1a(: ,!.)%0! +.!*a. (a/ !*0.!2%/0a/ a"%(/+"+/: 0!.%c+/ 5 a.0%/0a/ !* 1* "+.)a0+0!)[0%c+< (a/ ,%!6a/ )1/%ca(!/ !* /+(+/ ! ,%a*+:a.%a/ ! ,!.a/ + .!c%0a+/ ._0)%c+/< (a/ %)[#!*!/"%&a/ !* #.a"%/)+/: ,[#%*a/ ! P+3!. P+%*0 + !*

,(a*+/ /1,!.,1!/0+/ -1! /%)1(a* !"!c0+/ !(2%!+a.0!: !( c%*! !4,!.%)!*0a(: (a ,1!/0a !*!/c!*a 0!a0.a( !: %*c(1/+: (a .!a(%a a1)!*0aa +(a 2%/%* d9

l+/ ,!-1!`+/ c+.0+)!0.a&!/ -1! /a(,%ca* !("%()! ,1!!* !*ca!*a./! 0a)b%]* !* ,!-1!`a/c[,/1(a/ +c1)!*0a(!/ + ! "%cc%* a( )++ ! (a/*1!2a/ ,.+1cc%+*!/ ! (a R!: c+)+ (a Webf"c-"(' + !( D(c.0eb9 A /1 2!6: (a c+),(!&%a

c+*c!,01a( ! a(#1*a/ !*0.!2%/0a/ /+b.! (a!c+*+)_a: (a )!.ca*c_a: (a +b&!0%2%a 5 (a/1b&!0%2%a: (a %!+(+#_a 5 (a .!2+(1c%*: %*2%0a* a!0!*!. !( 2_!+ 5 2+(2!. a !/c1c$a.(+ ?+ (!!. (+/(a%((+/ + /1b0_01(+/ ! (+/ 0!40+/@ ,a.a "ac%(%0a. /1c+),.!*/%*9

Pa.a K(1#!: !( 0.aba&+ !( c%*!a/0a !* (a !.a%#%0a( !( ca,%0a(%/)+ /! a/!)!&a a( ! 1* 1/1a.%+

!* I*0!.*!0 .a/0.!a*+ (a c+),(!&%a $1)a*a;Hn+/+0.+/: (+/ c%*!a/0a/ + !/c.%0+.!/: /+)+/ !* !("+*+ .a/0.!a+.!/ ! $1!((a/ 5 ca.0#.a"+/!*ca.#a+/ ! !/c.%b%. (a/ #!+#.a"_a/ !* !(%*0!.%+. !( $+)b.! ?g.%//!)a**: LJJ@9

SLS9 u* )!/ !/,1]/ !( v%!.*!/ n!#.+G: +/c%!#+/ "a)+/+/ /! !*c1!*0.a* !* Pa._/< /+* ja)!/j+5c! 5 s!.#!% e%/!*/0!%*9 A)b+/ 5a /+*c+*/%!.a+/ #!*%+/ !* /1 ca),+: /! a)%.a*)101a)!*0! 5 $a* !c%%+ c%0a./! !* Pa._/ ,a.a%*0!.ca)b%a. /1/ ,(a*!/ a.0_/0%c+/9 j+5c! b1/ca a1* c%*!a/0a c+)+ e%/!*/0!%* ?+0.+ ,+/%b(! $1b%!.a/%+ wa(0!. R100)a**: c+*+c%+ /+b.! 0++ ,+. /1Be+%'9 S"'f(' de .' +' c".dd: SL@: -1!,+._a ,+*!. !* %)[#!*!/ /1 *+2!(a U%",e,9 A /12!6: e%/!*/0!%* ,%!*/a !* !( U%",e, c+)+ !( )+!(+! (+ -1! ,+._a /!. E% C)"-%! Ma.4

.a)a0%6a+9

Para Kluge, el trabajo

del cineasta en la era

digital del capitalismo

se asemeja al de un

usuario en Internetrastreando la

complejidad humana


16/173

TELOS 91 | O

a10+. %*2%0a+

A)b+/ a.0%/0a/ *+ ((!#a* a !*0!*!./! )1c$+9j+5c! -1%!.! (!!.(! a(#+ a e%/!*/0!%*: ,!.+ c+)+ *+,1!! (!!. ?c+)+ h+)!.+@: ,+*! 1* %/c+ c+* /1

2+69 d!/,1]/ ! !/0a %/+c%ac%* )!%[0%caG -1!!4,!.%)!*0: e%/!*/0!%* .!#.!/a a M+/cc+*2!*c%+ ! ,+!. $ac!. 1*a ,!(_c1(a /+b.! E%C)"-%9 d!/!a !),!6a. a,!*a/ .!c1,!.! (a 2%/0a,!.%a !b%+ a( !/0.]/ /1".%+ 1.a*0! !( )+*0a&!! Oc-.b+e ?NS9JJJ )!0.+/ ! "%()ac%* -1! !b_a.!1c%. a L9JJJ !* )!*+/ ! 1* )!/@: /1,!.2%/a+5 ,.!/%+*a+ ,+. !( C+)%0] C!*0.a(: -1! H%/c10% 5

c+..%#% !( #1%* 2a.%a/ 2!c!/9e%/!*/0!%*: -1! !/,!.aba -1! ga1)+*0 +h+((53++ /! %*0!.!/a.a* ,+. (a ,.+1cc%*: *1*ca(+#. ((!2a. a cab+ /1 a*$!(a+ ,.+5!c0+ /+b.! E%C)"-%9 s+`aba c+* "%()a. a(#+ /%)%(a. a (a 2%a !1* _a ! B(++) !* j+5c!: ,!.+ a 0.a2]/ !()+*(+#+ ! (a )1&!. ! 1* +b.!.+ -1! !/,!.a a /1)a.%+ ,a.a c!*a.: 5 .!1*%. !* !/! _a 0+a (a$%/0+.%a ! (a $1)a*%a9

In!rn!' la cna doc"mn!al d E% a)"-a%N(-"c", de % '-"Tedd "de(%"c !/ !( %*0!*0+

!( K(1#! a.0%/0a ,+(%"ac]0%c+ ,a.a a. "+.)a.!0%c1(a. a 1* )a0!.%a( ! e%/!*/0!%* -1! ,a.!c!%*acc!/%b(!: %*c+$!.!*0!: !4c!/%2+ 5 %/,!./+ a,.%)!.a 2%/0a: $a/0a -1! ,+c+ a ,+c+ (+/!*1*c%a+/ ! E% C)"-% 2a* +c1,a*+ /1 (1#a. !*

!( )a,a )!*0a( !( %.!c0+.; H= ,a.a 0.a0a. a(#+0a* c+),(%ca+ c+)+ *1!/0.+ ,(a*!0a 5 /1!c+*+)_a: !/ *!c!/a.%+ !),(!a. ,a.a(!(a)!*0!0+a/ (a/ "+.)a/ ! !4,.!/%* ,+/%b(!/9 Q1%!.+!c%. -1! /! *!c!/%0a*: 0a( c+)+ +c1..! !* )%,!(_c1(a: (a ,!.a ! l1%#% n+*+ c+)+ 0a)b%]* !(0!(]"+*+: I*0!.*!0 5 !( c+.0+)!0.a&!: -1!.!/,+*!* a (a %),ac%!*c%a $1)a*a: (a !/c!*a+c1)!*0a( 5 (a "%cc%* ?g.%//!)a**: LJJ@9

e* a(#* )+)!*0+ !( "%()! !( !/,!c0a+.,+._a ,.!#1*0a./!: c+)+ !( "%(/+"+ 5 /+c%(+#+a(!)[* !4,!.0+ !* E% C)"-% o/'a. n!#0

: !* 1*

)+)!*0+ ! (a !*0.!2%/0a; 8Q1] /! c+*/%#1!

a`a%. a( (%b.+ ! Ma.4 c+*2%.0%!*+ /1 c+*0!*%+!* %)[#!*!/7 la %)a#!* !( %*!.+: !( ca,%0a(: !(a b+(/a: ! (a )!.ca*c_a: ! (a /1b&!0%2%a ! (a/

)[-1%*a/: !* !"%*%0%2a: (a C+-"c de % ec('(&)(%-"c = 8-1] /!*0%+ 0%!*! !/0!0%6a. (+ ,+(_0%c+7la .!/,1!/0a (a !*c+*0.a)+/ !* !( )%/)+ Ma.4:/!#* !c(a.a Ra%*!. s0+(()a**

L: ,.+"!/+. ! (a

u*%2!./%a ! B.!)!*: 1.a*0! +0.a ! (a/!*0.!2%/0a/ !* !( "%()!: c1a*+ !"%*! E% C)"-%c+)+ 1*a c+*/0.1cc%* a.0_/0%ca9

la $%/0+.%a !( ca,%0a( /!._a 1*a #.a* *a..a0%2a: a(

!/0%(+ ! (+/ c1!*0+/ )a.a2%((+/+/9 e( (%b.+ ! Ma.4!/ (a $%/0+.%a ! 1* 2%a&! 5 (a 0.a*/"+.)ac%* !(/1&!0+ +*! !( $].+! !/ !( %*!.+9 A*a(%6a. (a #.a*)!0a)+."+/%/ ! !/a a2!*01.a a 0.a2]/ ! (a/%)[#!*!/: 0.a0a. ! 2%/1a(%6a. a 0.a2]/ ! (+//!*0%+/ !/! ,.+c!/+ *a..a0%2+ !( a2!*%)%!*0+!( ca,%0a(%/)+ c+)+ !( "%* ! (+/ 0%!),+/< !/! !/!( ,1*0+ ! ((!#aa -1! a /!*0%+ a( "%()! !K(1#!9

K(1#!: a.0%/0a ! (+ %*2%/%b(!: c%*!a/0a !( *1!2+c%*! a(!)[* 5 !4,!.%)!*0a+. ! (a 0!(!2%/%* 5 !(+/ (!*#1a&!/ a1%+2%/1a(!/: $a 0!*%+ 1*a #.a*%*"(1!*c%a !* (a/ &2!*!/ #!*!.ac%+*!/9 P+. !/+!/0[ %*0.%#a+ /+b.! !( ,.+,/%0+ ! e%/!*/0!%* !,+*!. !* %)[#!*!/ a(#+ 0a* ab/0.ac0+ c+)+ E%C)"-%9 K(1#! ,.!#1*0a: ,1!/: a( "%(/+"+s(+0!.%&'

; HC+)+ "%(/+"+: 81/0! -1] %)a#%*a

-1! 0.a0aba ! $ac!. e%/!*/0!%*7 8C)+ /!._a1*a ,!(_c1(a a/_7 8Q1] 0%,+ ! %)[#!*!/ $a5 !*Ma.479

s(+0!.%&'; HC.!+ -1! 1*a #.a* ,%/0a /+b.! (+ -1!,1!! $ab!. ,!*/a+ e%/!*/0!%* .a%ca !* !(,a.a(!(%/)+ !*0.! (+/ +/ 0!40+/ a ,.%)!.a 2%/0a%*!4,(%cab(!9 8Q1] 2! !* E% C)"-% -1! a (a 2!6 (!"a/c%*a !* !( U%",e,7 I)a#%*+ -1! (a .!/,1!/0a /!._a)[/ + )!*+/ a/_; e%/!*/0!%* c+),.!*% -1! Ma.4.!0.a0 !* E% C)"-%!( ,.+0+0%,+ !( a2!*01.!.+: !*c%!.0+ )++: 0+a 1*a 0!+._a ! /%/0!)a/ ! (aa2!*01.a; !( 2%a&! ,+. !( )1*+ !( !/,_.%01 /!/1,!.,+*! c+* !( 2%a&! ,+. !( )1*+ !( %*!.+9

El libro de Marx es lahistoria de un viaje y la

transformacin del

sujeto, donde el hroe

es el dinero

F"%,(f(8 ,(c"%(( 2 &.2 c-"/( e' e% &b"-( (b+e+(

%e&'7 D",c).%( de JT+e' Hbe+&,8 ,e d",-'c"

de% c('ce)-( !be+&,"'( de e,fe+ )b%"c )+

)+()('e+ .' /.e%- % -e(+ c+-"c de% e,)c"(

)b%"c( ()(,"c"('%7

L, c"-, -e1-.%e, de .-(+e, )e+-e'ece' % f"%&e8

,%/( c.'d( ,e ,e% (-+ f.e'-e e1-e+'7

E,-e .-(+8 c+-"c( ,(b+e %(, )(,-.%d(, de % E,c.e%

de F+'$f.+-8 f"+& *.e % %(b%"3c"' e' -'-(

,",-e& c)"-%",- de-e+&"' -(d, %,

c"+c.',-'c", de % /"d7


17/173

y a/_ !*0.a)+/ !* 1* )1*+ -1!: c+)+ (+ c+*c%b%ja)!/ j+5c!: /+(+ /! c+),+*! ! )!0a)+."+/%/9s1 U%",e, 5a *+ !/ /+(+ !( $+)b.! -1! $ac! !( 2%a&!

,+. !( M!%0!..[*!+ /%*+ !( -1! /! 0.a*/"+.)a a /_)%/)+ ,+. c+),(!0+ !* !( c+..!. ! 1* _a9 n+*!c!/%0a )1c$+ )[/ 0%!),+ -1! !/! ,a.a /1".%.1*a )!0a)+."+/%/9

E% a)"-a% !/ concbido dd la !or1a dlc"n!o

e( )!&+. )++ ,a.a a,.+4%)a./! a( 1*%2!./+ !

E% C)"-%!/ a 0.a2]/ ! (a 0!+._a !( c1!*0+:!c(a.a s0+(()a** $ab(a*+ /+b.! !( 2a(+. !ca)b%+ ?S@9 M[/ a*: (a $%/0+.%a !( ca,%0a(%/)+/! a/!)!&a a 1* c1!*0+ )a.a2%((+/+ c+)+: ,+.!&!),(+: L(, -+e, )e%(, de (+( de% d"b%(: ! (+/$!.)a*+/ g.%))9 u* *%`+: *ac%+ ba&+ !( /%#*+ !(a /1!.0!: !/0[ !/0%*a+ a ca/a./! c+* (a $%&a !(.!5: ,!.+ %*)!%a0a)!*0! a(#1%!* %*0!*0a.[%),!%.(+ ,.+2+ca*+ 1* a`+9 d!/! !/!

)+)!*0+ c+)%!*6a (a a2!*01.a !* "+.)a !0.a2!/_a ,a.a !( !(!#%+: !* c15+ 2%a&! ?c+*".!c1!*c%a: %*%c%[0%c+@ !b!.[ !*c+*0.a./! c+* /1!/0%*+9

d1.a*0! !( .!c+..%+ !*c+*0.a.[ a51a*0!/?#!*!.a()!*0! )1&!.!/@ -1! (! a/%/0%.[* ,a.a2!*c!. (+/ +b/0[c1(+/9 e* !( "%()! ! K(1#! /! c%0a*!4,.!/a)!*0! a( %*2!/0%#a+. .1/+ v(a%)%. P.+,,

?SL@ 5 a( /!)%0%c+ !/0.1c01.a(%/0a ".a*c]/A(#%.a/ g.!%)a/ ?SS@ c+)+ (+/ .!"!.!*0!/ ,a.a(a !4]#!/%/ )+!.*a ! E% C)"-%9 e/+/ a51a*0!/,1!!* /!. ,!./+*a/: ,!.+ 0a)b%]* a)1(!0+/9P+.-1! ,a.a Ma.4 (a/ )!.ca*c_a/ 0%!*!* "+.)a !a)1(!0+/ 5 !/c+*!* /1 ,.+,%a *a01.a(!6a 5H0+a/ (a/ c+/a/ /+* ,!./+*a/ !*ca*0aa/9 P+.!/+ /+(+ !( )!&+. c1!*0%/0a !/0[ ca,ac%0a+ ,a.a,!*!0.a. !* (a +b.a ! Ma.4: H!( )1*+ !( )[/

b.%((a*0! a*[(%/%/ !( !*ca*0a)%!*0+ -1! $a5a!4%/0%+ &a)[/9 y (a !c+*+)_a ,!./%/0! /+(+ !*2%.01 ! !/0+/ !*ca*0a)%!*0+/ ?s0+((a)*@9 e/0!!*ca*0a)%!*0+: 1*%+ a (a %),.!/%* -1! (! $ab_aca1/a+ !( U%",e, ! j+5c!: !4,(%ca -1! e%/!*/0!%*0a)b%]* %)a#%*a /1 ,!(_c1(a /+b.! E% C)"-%c+)+1*a 0.a2!/_a9 la $%/0+.%a ! 1*a 0.a2!/_a c+)+ (a !B(++) !* U%",e, "1*c%+*a c+)+ !( !*(ac!

%)a#%*a.%+ ! (a/ a.#1)!*0ac%+*!/9 I*"!.!*c%a/ 5.a6+*a)%!*0+/ -1!: a!)[/ ! (+/ c+(+-1%+/ c+*

(+/ "%(/+"+/ )a.4%/0a/ a (+ (a.#+ !( "%()!: /!!*ca.#a* ! ,.+,+*!.: !* /!*a/ !*0.!2%/0a/:ha*/ j.#!* e%6!*/b!.#!.: w!.*!. sc$.+!0!.: (a

ac0%2%/0a ,+(_0%ca l1c5 R!(!. +: a 0.a2]/ ! 1*a(a.#a c+*2!./ac%* ,+. 0!(]"+*+: d1./ g.*b!%* 5K(1#!: /+b.! (a !/c.%01.a ! B!.0+( B.!c$09

e( "%()! %)a#%*a+ ,+. e%/!*/0!%* 5 .!a(%6a+ c+*/ab%+ +"%c%+ ,+. K(1#! !/0[ c+*c!b%+ c+)+ 1*$%,!.0!40+ 1*%2!./a( /'- % %e--+e: +*! (a/.!a(%a!/ ! (a /+c%!a %a(+#a* !*0.! /_ 5 c15+,.%*c%,%+ !/0[ ,.!/!*0! 0a)b%]* a( "%*a(9 e/0!

$%,!.0!40+ 0!.%c+ 5 a.0_/0%c+ %/!`a+ c+)+ 1*a.a)a01.#%a !/"!.+%a(G !/ !( )+!(+ ,a.a K(1#!9e/0a)+/ a*0! !( (+#.+ a.0_/0%c+ ! 1*a !4,.!/%*#!*1%*a ! (a !.a %#%0a( -1! +".!c! !4ac0a)!*0! !(0%,+ ! !/0_)1(+/ /!*/+.%a(!/ 5 c+#*%0%2+/ -1! *+/,.+,+.c%+*a $ab%01a()!*0! (a R! !* "+.)a".a#)!*0aa9

e/0! "%()! c+)b%*a !( )+!.*%/)+ c+* !("101.%/)+: )15 (!&+/ !( !*c%c(+,!%/)+ 5 !(

,a/0%c$! ba..+c+ -1! (+ ,+._a* $ab!. !/0.+6a+:!)+/0.a*+ 1*a .a.a %*0!(%#!*c%a c+)b%*a0+.%aa.0_/0%ca ,a.a ,a/a. ! L D"%c-"c de %i%.,-+c"' ! h+.'$!%)!. a (+/ c+)!*0a.%+/ !1*a ,+.0!.a !* Pa._/: ! 1* P+3!. P+%*0 /+b.! !(a/!/%*a0+ ! R+/a l14!)b1.# a 1*a /%)1(ac%*%#%0a( !* 1*a "[b.%ca ! a10+)2%(!/ c+* )/%ca! e**%+ M+..%c+*!9

Pa.a K(1#!: $ac!. 1*a ,!(_c1(a /+b.! (a ,!(_c1(a-1! e%/!*/0!%* /+`aba /+b.! E% C)"-%c+*/%/0! !*0.aba&a. c+* (+/ )a0!.%a(!/ *a..a0%2+/ ! 1*+ 5+0.+: a( )++ ! (a #.a* !/c!*a +c1)!*0a( -1! !/I*0!.*!0 !* c15+ 1*%2!./+ /! !*c1!*0.a 2+(ca+ !(,a/a+ 5 !( ,.!/!*0!9 e/0! %[(+#+ !*0.! (+/)a0!.%a(!/ ! e%/!*/0!%* 5 ! E% C)"-%/!c+*/0.15! /+b.! 1*a ,(a0a"+.)a c+(ab+.a0%2a: 1*a.! !* (a c1a( !/c.%0+.!/ ac0+.!/: "%(/+"+/: ,+(_0%c+/5 )/%c+/ 0!&!* 1*a 0!(a c+(!c0%2a 5 c+.a( ,a.a!4,(%ca. E% C)"-%9 e( .!/1(0a+ !/ 1* "%()! c+* 1*"+.)a0+ 0.a*/)!%[0%c+ -1! a0.a2%!/a 0+a/ (a/a.0!/ !/c]*%ca/ !( 1*%2!./+ %#%0a(; I*0!.*!0:f'f"c-"(': 3!b /!.%!/ 5 %/!`+ #.["%c+9

La mrcanc1a como m/cara & l r#ol"cionario

como d+a&a-", )e+,('ael+/ c1!*0+/ /! c+),+*!* ! "1*c%+*!/*a..a0%2a/ %*0!.,.!0aa/ ,+. ,!./+*a&!/ c15a

Este filme combina el

modernismo con el

futurismo, muy lejos del

enciclopedismo y del

pastiche barroco que lo

podran haber

destrozado

| TELOS 91

autor invitado


18/173

%!*0%a /! %.[ !/2!(a*+ 1.a*0! !( 0.a*/c1./+! 1*a $%/0+.%a9 la/ "1*c%+*!/ ?,a.0%a !( $].+!:,!0%c%* ! a51a: (1c$a: 2%c0+.%a: !0c9@ /+* "%&a/:

,!.+ (+/ ,!./+*a&!/ ,1!!* 0!*!. %"!.!*0!/%!*0%a!/ + ,.!/!*0a./! a 0.a2]/ ! )[/ca.a/9la/ )[/ca.a/ 0!a0.a(!/ c1),(!* !/a "1*c%*9 lac.!ac%* ! %!*0%a!/ !* (a/ .!!/ /+c%a(!/ $a/%+ a/+c%aa a (a/ )[/ca.a/ !( 0!a0.+ #.%!#+ +

&a,+*]/9 e* c%!.0+ /!*0%+: 0a)b%]* /+* 0!a0.a(!/(a/ %!*0%a!/ !* (a R! ?Fac!b++': t3%00!.@+*! !( 1/1a.%+ c.!a /1 ,!./+*a&! !* !( )+)!*0+

! ab.%. 1*a c1!*0a9 A((_ /! ,1!!* !*c+*0.a./%)1(ac%+*!/ 5 %/".ac!/ ! 0++ 0%,+: a/_ c+)+%*2!*0a.: /1,!.,+*!.: /%)b+(%6a. 0a*0+ (a %)a#!*! /_ c+)+ !( *+)b.!: /!4+: !0c9

e* !( 0!a0.+: caa )[/ca.a .!,.!/!*0a 1* !/0a+! [*%)+ ,!.+ 0a)b%]* !( 2a(+. -1! !( ,!./+*a&!.!,.!/!*0a !* (a $%/0+.%a .a)[0%ca9 K(1#! c%0a aA+.*+ 5 h+.'$!%)!.: -1! !"%*!* (a )[/ca.a: !*!( a*[(%/%/ ! (a %!+(+#_a: c+)+ (a c%ca0.%6 ! 1*a

!/%(1/%* ?a-1_ !/0[ 1*a ! (a/ "1*c%+*!/ ! (+/c1!*0+/ )a.a2%((+/+/; (a )a.ca: "_/%ca + /%)b(%ca:-1! %!*0%"%ca a( $].+! + a( 2%((a*+ 5 ,+. (a c1a( /!.[.!c+*+c%+ + !/!*)a/ca.a+9 Pa.a !( *+2!(%/0a 5!*/a5%/0a d%!0)a* da0$: (a )[/ca.a *+ !/ 1*e"d(,: *+ ,.+2%!*! !( %*0!.%+. !( ,!./+*a&!9P+.-1! /% a/_ "1!.a: 1* .1"%[* -1! /! !/c+*! 0.a/1*a )[/ca.a ! .1"%[* *+ 0!*._a *!

.!,(!#a./!9 d!0.[/ ! (a )[/ca.a $a5 a1/!*c%a9e* E% C)"-%: H!( ca,%0a(%/0a %*%2%1a( !/ (a)[/ca.a 5 (a c(a/! !* /1 c+*&1*0+ !/ (+ -1! !/0[!0.[/: + /!a: *aa: 1*a ab/0.acc%* 2ac_a9 P!.+ !($+)b.! a10]*0%c+ 8!/ )!&+. -1! !( $+)b.!a.0%"%c%a(7 la .!"(!4%* /+b.! -1] !/ !( $+)b.!!b!._a /!. !( +b&!0%2+ ! E% C)"-%!* *1!/0.+/_a/9 8e( $+)b.! !/ /+(+ 1*a /!.%! ! )1`!ca/#!+.#%a*a/: c+)+ ,a.!c! !"%*%.(+ !(

,+/)+!.*%/)+7 Pa.a d%!0!.: !( .+/0.+ c+)+a.c$%2+ ! (a/ c+/a/: (a $%/0+.%a ! 1*a ,!./+*a a0.a2]/ ! (a/ a..1#a/ !/ a(#+ ba*a(9 Pa.a !2%0a. 1*a!4,(%cac%* a*0.+,+(#%ca /!._a )!&+. %!*0%"%ca. a(a/ ,!./+*a/ ,+. (a/ c+/a/ -1! $a* $!c$+ 5 (a/.a6+*!/ -1! (! )+2%!.+* a ac01a. ! 0a( )++9

y: a+ -1! (a/ ,!./+*a/ ,a/a* 5 (a/ c+/a/-1!a*: $ab._a -1! ,.!#1*0a./! ,+. (a $%/0+.%a !

(a/ c+/a/9 la/ c+/a/ 0%!*!* a()a9 Pa.a !( "%(/+"+P!0!. s(+0!.%&': 0+a/ (a/ c+/a/ /+* ,!./+*a/

!*ca*0aa/9 P!.+ !/ !( $+)b.! -1%!* 0%!*! (a$ab%(%a ,a.a -1! (a/ c+/a/ ?(+/ )a0!.%a(!/@ $a#a*a(#+ -1! ,+. /_ /+(a/ *+ ,+._a*9 Hy !/+ !/ (+ -1!

0a)b%]* $ac! !( %*!.+9 e( %*!.+ !/ !( #.a* a.0%/0a! (a 0.a*/"+.)ac%*: -1%!* /!1c! a (a )a0!.%a,.%)!.+ 5 (a /+)!0! (1!#+ ,+. (a "1!.6a ! (a/0.a*/"+.)ac%+*!/ a %/".ac!/ -1! !((a *+ /! $ab_a,1!/0+9 e/a "1!.6a %*2%0a a (a )a0!.%a a( !/c!*a.%+)[/ #.a*! H-1! &a)[/ $a5a !4%/0%+; (a %*1/0.%aca,%0a(%/0a9

P+. 0a*0+: (+ -1! $a5 !* E% C)"-%!/ (a $%/0+.%a

0!a0.a( !( $+)b.! !* 0a*0+ $%/0+.%a c+)* !($+)b.! 5 (a )a0!.%a9 Hy !/0a %..1,c%* c+*/0a*0!! (+ 1*+ !* (+ +0.+ Dc+*0%*a s(+0!.%&' !* 1*a !(a/ !*0.!2%/0a/ !( "%()!D !/ (a 2_a ! acc!/+ a E%C)"-%: a( ,!*/a)%!*0+ ! Ma.49 l! ,!.)%0!)+/0.a. -1! *aa !/ (+ -1! ,a.!c! /!.: -1! 0++!/0[ %/".a6a+9 s%!),.! !*c+*0.a)+/ (a )a0!.%a%/".a6aa9 e/0! !/ !( )1*+ ! (a )!.ca*c_a:H)a0!.%a %/".a6aa -1! ,a.0%c%,a !* !/0a $%/0+.%a

0!a0.a( !( 2a(+. 5 ! (a )a0!.%a 2a(+.%6aa9e* !/0! /!*0%+: Ma.4 !*ca.*a +/ 0%,+/ !

%*0!(%#!*c%a !* !( (%b.+; (a !( "%(/+"+ -1! %c! -1!$a5 -1! 0+)a./! (a/ c+/a/ !* /!.%+ ?Hc+* h!#!(acab (a "%(+/+"_a /!.%a@ 5 a-1!((a -1! "1*c%+*ac+)+ 1*a %*0!(%#!*c%a !)ba1ca+.a: !* (a -1!0++ !/ ,a.0! ! 1*a !/0.a0!#%a ! .!,.!/!*0ac%*9A !/0+ /! .!"%!.! Ma.4 c1a*+ $ab(a ! (a d+&-",

)e+,('e< 5 /% e%/!*/0!%* $1b%!.a ,+%+ .!a(%6a. /1,!(_c1(a: (a $1b%!.a ,(a*0!a+ !* 0].)%*+/.a)[0%c+/9 la )!.ca*c_a $ab._a /%+ (a )[/ca.a!( ,!./+*a&!9 la/ )!.ca*c_a/ H/+* c1a(%a!/$1)a*a/ c.%/0a(%6aa/: $+)b.!/)!0a)+."+/!a+/: c+)+ !* (+/ c1!*0+/9

P!.+ $a5 0a)b%]* 1* ac+*0!c%)%!*0+ $%/0.%c+-1! $ab._a ((!2a+ a e%/!*/0!%* a (!!. E% C)"-%c+)+ 1*a .a)a01.#%a9 e* (+/ )+)!*0+/ !* -1!

aba 21!(0a/ (a ,!(_c1(a !* /1 cab!6a +c1..! !(j1%c%+ F%*a( ! (a !c+*+)_a )+!.*a: !( v%!.*!/n!#.+ ! SLS9 e( #.a* !..1)b! )1*%a("%*a*c%!.+ !( ca,%0a(%/)+ /! (! ,.!/!*0a ae%/!*/0!%* c+)+ 1* 0!.c!. #1%* ?+ B%b(%a !* (a

&!.#a ! (+/ #1%+*%/0a/: a((_ +*! /! !/c.%b!* c+*!0a((! 0++/ (+/ $!c$+/: 0%!),+/ 5 !/c!*a.%+/ -1!/! !b!.[* 0+)a. !* c1!*0a !* (a !/c.%01.a "%*a(

!( #1%*@: a!)[/ !( U%",e, 5 ! E% C)"-%9 Pa.as(+0!.%&': !/0a 0!.c!.a "1!*0! ! %!a/ !)1!/0.a

La creacin de

identidades en las redes

sociales ha sido

asociada a las mscaras

del teatro griego o

japons

TELOS 91 |

autor invitado


19/173

-1! H!* !/0! &1!#+ ! %/".ac!/ !( 2a(+. ,1!!$ab!. )+)!*0+/ ! 1*a %*/+,+.0ab(! !4,+/%c%*9

la d+&-", )e+,('e (a !*c+*0.a)+/ 0a)b%]*

!* (a !"%*%c%* !( .!2+(1c%+*a.%+ -1! /1.#!1.a*0! (a c+*2!./ac%* ! K(1#! c+* j+/!,$ v+#(

N

!* !( "%()!9 Pa.a !/0! (0%)+: 1* .!2+(1c%+*a.%+ !/1* ,.+0+0%,+: *+ 1*a ,!./+*a: 1* !/0a+ !a#.!#ac%* c+(!c0%2+G9 P+. 0a*0+: 1*a !*0%a: *+1*a ,!./+*a9

la c1a(%"%cac%* ! !/0! ac0+. c+(!c0%2+ /! ((!2a acab+ !* 0].)%*+/ ,a.!c%+/ a (a !"%*%c%* !(

$].+!: 0a*0+ !* (+/ c1!*0+/ )a.a2%((+/+/ c+)+ !*(a )+!.*a *a..a0%2a ?Ca),b!((: LJJO< v+#(!.:SS@; !/ a(#1%!* -1! .!,.!/!*0a 1*a /%*a,/%/: 1*,1!*0! !*0.! (a /%01ac%* ! ,a.0%a 5 !c+)%!*6+9 e/0! ac0+. /! )1!2! !*0.! +//+c%!a!/: !*0.! +/ .%2a(!/ !* ,1#*a9 e(.!2+(1c%+*a.%+ !/ c+)+ 1* a.0%/0a Hca,a6 !)+*0a. 1*a $%/0+.%a 5 -1! /ab! c1[*+ ((!#a !()+)!*0+ !( )+*0a&!: /!#* K(1#!9 e/ 1*

,!./+*a&! -1! !2%!*! !* !( 0.a*/c1./+ ! (a$%/0+.%a !* a(#+ %"!.!*0! a (+ -1! !.a !* 1*,.%*c%,%+ 5 ,+. !/+ /! 0.a0a ! 1*a c%.c1*/0a*c%a!4,!.%)!*0a(9 C+)+ ac0+. c+(!c0%2+: !/0! /ab.[%/c!.*%. !*0.! (a/ (1c!/ 5 (a/ /+)b.a/ /+c%a(!/ 5,+. !/+ a/!)!&a a 1* 0%,+ ! .!2!(a+. "+0+#.["%c+-1! !)!.#! ! (a +/c1.%a ,a.a "%&a.G 1*a *1!2a2%/%b%(%a9

e( .!2+(1c%+*a.%+ /!._a !( ,!./+*a&! !/0%*a+ a.!2!(a. (a/ c+*%c%+*!/ /+c%a(!/: !c+*)%ca/ 5,+(_0%ca/ -1! /! !*c1!*0.a* ba&+ (a "+.)a !(!*ca*0a)%!*0+G9 e/ !c%.: (a /%01ac%* !a(%!*ac%*: -1! ,.+2%!*!: !* ,a(ab.a/ ! v+#(: !H1*a c+*/0!(ac%* ! )a#%a /+c%a( 5 !/c.%b! 1*a.!(ac%* )[#%ca: 1*a "a(/%"%cac%* c+*/!c1!*0! !(a/ .!(ac%+*!/ !* (a c1a( (+ ,.+,%+ 5 !40.a`+ /! $a*21!(0+ !* #.a* )!%a %*0!.ca)b%ab(!/9

C2mo mo!rar E% a)"-a% n im/gne* (a !.a ! (a #(+ba(%6ac%*: !( ca,%0a( "1*c%+*a

!*0!.a)!*0! c+)+ Ma.4 (+ !/c.%b! !* E% C)"-%9

n+ /! 0.a0a ! 1*a ,.+"!c_a D! 1* )%(a#.+ )[#%c+G:1*a $!c$%c!._a /%* c+*0!*%+: c+)+ (+ !"%*!*sa*0*!. 5 Z%6!' ?LJJ@D: /%*+ ! 1* a*[(%/%/

/+.,.!*!*0!)!*0! !4ac0+ !( )+2%)%!*0+ )1*%a(!( ca,%0a(: !* !( c1a( !( Ma.4 c%!*0_"%c+ /! /!*0_ac+)+ da.3%* !/c.%b%!*+ !( ,.+c!/+ ! ,.+1cc%*/+c%a(9 8C)+ $ac!. !*0+*c!/ ,a.a -1! !/0a)a-1%*a.%a a*a(_0%ca ! ,!*/a)%!*0+ ,1!ac+)!*0a./! ! %(1/0.a./! a 0.a2]/ ! (a/ %)[#!*!/7K(1#! *+ /! a,a.0a !( +b&!0%2+ ! e%/!*/0!%*; 8c)+$ac!. acc!/%b(! c._0%ca)!*0! E% C)"-%: c)+

c+*/0.1%. 1* ,.+c!/+ !4,(%ca0%2+ a 0.a2]/ ! (a/%)[#!*!/ ,a.a !/a"%a. a (a ab/0.acc%*7K(1#! 5 o/ca. n!#0 %a(+#a* !* !( "%()! /+b.!

1*+ ! (+/ 0!)a/ c(a2!/ ! (a ,+/)+!.*%a; (a/%)1(ac%* 5 !( ,+!. ! (a %)a#!* c+)+ 1*a*1!2a .!a(%a9 la /!.%a(%a: (a .!,!0%c%*: (a".a#)!*0ac%* 5 (a/ 2a.%a*0!/ ! (a %)a#!* c+)+"+.)a/ ! (a *1!2a c1(01.a ! (+/ )!%+/?Ba1.%((a.: S< ec+: S@: )a*%"!/0ac%* ! (a

,].%a ! 1* /!*0%+ *!+ba..+c+ !( a.0! 5 ! (a%)a#!* !* !( /%#(+ xx9 P.!c!!*0!/ %.!c0+/ ! (ac1(01.a %#%0a(: )!*+/ %*0!.!/aa !* )+/0.a. (a.!a(%a "_/%ca -1! !* /%)1(a.(a: a1)!*0a.(a +/1/0%01%.(a ,+. (a .!a(%a 2%.01a( c+)+ 1*a *1!2a"+.)a ! c+*+c%)%!*0+9

la 0.a*/,a.!*c%a 0+)a !( (1#a. ! (a +b&!0%2%a9Pa.a n!#0: (+/ a*a(%/0a/ 5 0!.%c+/ )a.4%/0a/:

%*c(1%+/ (+/ ! (a e/c1!(a ! F.a*'"1.0: H0%!*!*%"%c1(0a!/ ,a.a !/a..+((a. 1*%2!./+/ !%)[#!*!/ -1! ((!2!* a 1* ,(a*+ c+*c.!0+: (+ -1!,!.)%0! !( a*[(%/%/ ! (a 2!.a 5 !( c+*+c%)%!*0+9y c.!+ -1! !4%/0! 1*a /1!.0! ! a,+._a = 1*ac+*0.a%cc%* !*0.! (a %)a#!* 5 !( c+*c!,0+9s!#* K(1#!: H$ab._a -1! a,.!*!. a )a*!&a. (a/%)[#!*!/ !* "+.)a /!.%a(: !/ !c%.: (a 2a.%a*0! !!/a %)a#!*: +0.a 2a.%a*0!: !0c9: 5140a,+*!.(a/ =

a,.!*!. a c+)!*0a. a,!(a*+ a %)[#!*!/ 5/%01ac%+*!/9 y !* !/0a !)a*a !4,(%ca0%2a ! (a!1cac%* ,+(_0%ca: !( c%*! *+ /! ,.!/0a !b%+ a (a2!(+c%a ! (a/ %)[#!*!/ -1! *+ !&a* 0%!),+

Y, dado que las

personas pasan y las

cosas quedan, habra

que preguntarse por

la historia de las cosas

| TELOS 91

autor invitado

E,c+"-(+ "'-e+e,d( e' % +e%c"' %"-e+-.+ 2

c('(c"&"e'-(7 S. (b+ ,e "',c+"be e' % -+d"c"'

)(,-=e,-+.c-.+%",- 2 e, "'/e,-"d(+ de % -e(+ de%

d",c.+,( 2 %(, &ed"(, de c(&.'"cc"'7


20/173

,a.a ,!*/a.9 Hu*a %)a#!* 0.a/ +0.a ,a/a*+ a 1*a2!(+c%a ,.!"%&aa -1! *+ !&a 0%!),+ ,a.a,!*/a.: +*! 1*a *1!2a %),.!/%* b+..a a (a

a*0!.%+.9M%!*0.a/ (a )a5+._a ! (+/ c+*0!*%+/ !

0!(!2%/%* 5 (a/ ,!(_c1(a/: %*c(1%+ !( ,!.%+%/)+!/c.%0+: %*0!*0a* %)%0a. a (+ -1! (a/ ,!./+*a/!4,!.%)!*0a* c1a*+ !/0[* c+*!c0aa/ a (a R!:(a 2!(+c%a ! (a %*"+.)ac%* (' %"'e 5 (a/%)1(0a*!%a ! "+.)a0+/ !* (a ,a*0a((a !(+.!*a+. c+b.a* 1* 0.%b10+ ! /1,!."%c%a(%a a(

!*0!*%)%!*0+9 P!.+: c+)+ a"%.)a* (+/*!1.+,/%c(+#+/: (a/ %)[#!*!/ ,1!!* a51a. ac(a.%"%ca. 5 .!"+.6a. (a/ !4,(%cac%+*!/ !/c.%0a/ ?Ca..:LJ@9

e( )].%0+ !( A(!4a*!. K(1#! !/ $ab!. ca,0a+(a )+!.*%a ! e%/!*/0!%* !* /1 %*0!*0+ ! ab.%.E% C)"-%a( 1*%2!./+ ! (a/ %)[#!*!/: 0a( 5 c+)+!* 1* 0%!),+ wa#*!. -1%/+ $ac!. ! (a ,!.a !(c+),!*%+ ! 0+a/ (a/ c1(01.a/ !/c]*%ca/: (a +b.a

! a.0! 0+0a(G9 s+(+ -1! a-1_ /! 0.a0a ! (a!4,(+.ac%* ! (a 0+0a(%a9 s! 0.a0a ! (a b/-1!a! (a 10+,_a: 1* ac+*0!c%)%!*0+ + 1*a %)a#!* !*+*! 0++ !/0] c+*!c0a+9 C+)+ a"%.)a ja)!/+*?LJJ: ,9 L@: !( "+.)a0+ ! c.*%ca ! 1* _a !(U%",e, /%#*%"%ca -1! 5a *+ /ab!)+/ -1] $ac!. c+*!( !/0%*+ 5 ,+. !/+ (! !c$a)+/ 1* 2%/0a6+ a (a 2%a%a.%a a 2!. /% ,+!)+/ !*c+*0.a.

ac+*0!c%)%!*0+/9u*a %)a#!* ca,01.a 1* %*/0a*0! -1! ! +0.+)++ ,a/a.[ )15 "1#a6)!*0!9 e/! %*/0a*0! !/ !(0++9 y !/! %*/0a*0! ,a/a a /!. a /!.: ,a.a K(1#!:.!a()!*0! H(a !4,!.%!*c%a c+*c!*0.aa: 2%2%!*0!:-1! /! ca,01.a = y /+(+ ! 2!6 !* c1a*+ /!0%!*! (a /1!.0! ! -1! (a/ %)[#!*!/ a*0!.%+.!//%#a* ac01a*+ !* "+.)a %*c+*/c%!*0!: !* 1*ac+*c%!*c%a -1! 5ac! !ba&+ ! (a c+*c%!*c%a:

c+(+.!a*+ (a/ %)[#!*!/ "101.a/ ! (a ,!(_c1(a9e/0+ ,1!! #!*!.a. !,%"a*_a/< b[/%ca)!*0!: (+

-1! e%/!*/0!%* ,.!0!*! !/ !/+9 P!.+ !/ 1*%*/0.1)!*0+ )15 ]b%(9 P+.-1! /% 1*+ *+ !//!*/%b(! a !((a/: !*0+*c!/ *+ /%.2!9 y $ac!. 1*a)/%ca /+(+ ,a.a ,!./+*a/ c+* +_+ )1/%ca( !/ 1*!..+. 9999

e%/!*/0!%* -1%!.! %. )[/ a(([ ! (+ ,1.a)!*0!

%[c0%c+9 l+ a*!c0%c+: (+ !&!),(a.: (+ %[c0%c+:-1! a* !/0aba ,.!/!*0! !* Oc-.b+e + !* E%

c(+3d( P(-e&$"': -1%!.! !&a.(+ a0.[/9 Pa.aK(1#!: H!/0a 2!6 -1%!.! ((!#a. a( /1b0!40+ ! (+/$+)b.!/9 e/ !c%.: !/c1b.%. 1* _a ! +/

,!./+*a/ !/! (a/ +/ ! (a 0a.! $a/0a (a $+.a*+c01.*a9 y !* !/0a &+.*aa ! 0.aba&+: !* !/0a

&+.*aa ! 2%a: 0!*._a -1! a,a.!c!. 0++ (+ -1!!/ .!(!2a*0! !* (a $%/0+.%a 1*%2!./a(: !* (a!c+*+)_a: !* !( ,.+c!/+ ! ,.+1cc%* !(ca,%0a(9

e%/!*/0!%* !.a: ,1!/: 1* a!(a*0a+: 1* a.0%/0a!),!`a+ !* c+*/0.1%. 1*a +b.a %*0!.ac0%2a: 1*a

+b.a ab%!.0a -1! !&! !/,ac%+/ ,a.a (+/ !*(ac!/ !()a,a ! c+*+c%)%!*0+/ !( !/,!c0a+.9 P+. /1,a.0!: K(1#! .!c1,!.a (a a,1!/0a ,+. !( *1!2+!/,!c0a+.: )[/ c!.ca !( 1/1a.%+ -1! b1/caac0%2a)!*0! !*0.! (+/ ,(%!#1!/ ! (a %)a#!* 5 !(0!40+ 5 -1! /+/,!c$a ! (a/ a,a.%!*c%a/9 HA$+.ab%!*: ]( ,+._a !c%.; /+(+ ,+*.] ".a#)!*0+/: 5!/,!.+ -1! (+/ !/,!c0a+.!/ ((!*!* ,+. /_ )%/)+/(+/ !/,ac%+/ -1! -1!!* !*0.! (+/ ".a#)!*0+/: 5a

-1! !((+/ 0%!*!* (a !4,!.%!*c%a: (+ c1a( !/ 1*.!c1./+ ! *a01.a(!6a %*c.!_b(!: (a ca,ac%a !%)a#%*a. -1! a*%a !* (+/ $+)b.!/ -1! ,+/!!*!4,!.%!*c%a: !* (+/ !/,!c0a+.!/9 e* (a c1(01.a)+!.*a $a5 !4c!/+ ! /%#*%"%ca*0!/ 5 !( $].+!)+!.*+: /!#* Ba0a%((!: !b! %*0!*0a. a,.+2!c$a.0+a !/a !*!.#_a ,a.a "%*a(%a!/ ,.[c0%ca/: H!/0+!/: ((!*a.(a ! *1!2+ c+* /%#*%"%cac%+*!/:

"%*a(%a!/ 5 1/+/ ?g.+5/: LJJS: ,9 SJ@9

el cnario d la #rdad n la c"l!"ra digi!al

la a,.+4%)ac%* a E% C)"-%!* !( "%()! ! K(1#!/1,+*! c+*/0a*0!/ .!"!.!*c%a/ a (a c1(01.a,+/)+!.*a: c15+ !*01/%a/)+ ,+. (a/,+/%b%(%a!/ !( $%,!.0!40+ 1.a*0! (a ]caa !SJ /+* b%!* c+*+c%a/9 la c+%*c%!*c%a ! (a.!"(!4%* ! K(1#! /+b.! !( ,a,!( !( c%*! (! ac!.ca

a +0.+/ ca),+/ 5 a10+.!/ ! (a c._0%ca a (a c1(01.a%#%0a(: c+)+ Ca.. 5 ja)!/+*9

la .!"!.!*c%a a (a c1(01.a %#%0a(: %/!`aa c+)+1* /%/0!)a ! %*0!..1,c%*: 1*a )[-1%*a ,!*/aa,a.a %2%%. (a a0!*c%* 5 +)%*aa ,+. (a R!: !/%*1ab(! ?Ca..: LJJS@9 A/%)%/)+: !* !( b.!2!.!,a/+ -1! ja)!/+* $ac! !( ,+/)+!.*%/)+ !*(a !*0.!2%/0a c+* s[*c$!6 ?LJJ@: (a "%(+/+"_a ! (a

/%)1(ac%* 5 !/,1]/ (a %*1/0.%a 5 (a c1(01.a%#%0a( $a* 0!.)%*a+ ,+. /+ca2a. !( ,.!/0%#%+ ! (a

Pero es el hombre quien

tiene la habilidad

para que las cosas

(los materiales) hagan

algo que por s solas

no podran

TELOS 91 | S

autor invitado

i i d


21/173

2!.a9 I*c(1/+ !* !( ,!.%+%/)+ (a .!(ac%*+b&!0%2%a>/1b&!0%2%a $a ,!.%+ /1/ ".+*0!.a/b%!* )a.caa/ !* !( /%#(+ xIx9 e/,!c%a()!*0! !* (+

-1! ja)!/+* !*+)%*a !( ac+*0!c%)%!*0+$%/0.%c+ +)%*a+ ,+. 1*a (#%ca !/,ac%a( !(/%)1(ac.+ + /+c%!a !( !/,!c0[c1(+ ?d!b+.:SN< Ba1.%((a.: S@9 B+..a+/ (+/ (_)%0!/ !*0.!/1&!0+ 5 +b&!0+: 0a)b%]* (a "%cc%* 5 (a $%/0+.%a /!$a* %(1%+ c+)+ !* !( a#1a9

e* E% C)"-%: H(a .!(ac%* +b&!0%2a/1b&!0%2aa,a.!c! c+)+ 1*a )[-1%*a c+* +/ !40.!)+/ 5 1*

%*0!..1,0+. ,a.a .!%*%c%a.(a: c+)+ 1* +.!*a+.9A( )+2%)%!*0+ ! 1* /1&!0+ (! c+..!/,+*! 1*)+2%)%!*0+ ! +b&!0+/ ?v+#(@9 e/0a )!c[*%ca"1*c%+*a c+)+ 1* /%/0!)a ,.+#.a)a+9 e/0a)[-1%*a %*0!(!c01a( ,1!! ,.+1c%. 1* )1*+ !"a(/%"%cac%+*!/: )1*+/ ! /_*0!/%/ ?c+)+ 1*aSec('d L"fe@ c+* 1*a !4%/0!*c%a c+*"+.0ab(!9 ob%!*: a 0.a2]/ ! 1* +)%*%+ !( y+: ,.+1c%!*+2!.a!/ + .!a(%a!/ 0%(!/ ,a.a (a/ ,!./+*a/9

e/0a 2!.a *+ /! $a((a !* )_: /%*+ !* (a/.!(ac%+*!/ ! ,.+1cc%* !40!.*a/: /!#* Ma.49P!.+ !( ,.+b(!)a ! c)+ 0.a*/c1..! (a .!(ac%*!*0.! (+/ /1&!0+/ *+ !/0[ !/a..+((a+9 A/_ -1! (+%),+.0a*0!: /!#* K(1#!: !/ $a((a. !( !/c!*a.%+ !(a 2!.a ,a.a /ab!. c)+ /! ,.+1c!9 o !* -1]!/c!*a.%+ ,+!)+/ $a((a. (a 2!.a9 Pa.a v+#(:!/0a ,+._a $a((a./! !* (+/ !/,ac%+/ %*0!.)!%+/:

c+)+ +c1..! !* (a )!/a ! *!#+c%ac%+*!/9 s! 0.a0a! 1* !/,ac%+ 2ac_+ a(.!!+. !( c1a( /! /%!*0a*(+/ ,a0.+*!/ 5 (+/ .!,.!/!*0a*0!/ ! (+/0.aba&a+.!/: !( !/,ac%+ !*0.! (+/ &1!c!/ 5 (+/ab+#a+/ !* 1* 0.%b1*a( + !( !( ,1,%0.! !(,.+"!/+. 5 !( !/,ac%+ *!10.a( -1! (+ /!,a.a !(!/01%a*0!9 e/0a /!._a (a a.-1%0!c01.a ! (a 2!.aG:1* (1#a. 2ac_+: !)a.ca+G9

e/0! !/,ac%+: c+)+ !( !( -1! /!,a.a !( !/c!*a.%+

!( ,b(%c+ + !( ! (a %*0!."a/! ! (a .!a(%aa1)!*0aa .!/,!c0+ ! (a .!a(%a "_/%ca: c+*0%!*!:/!#* v+#( (a Ha/+c%ac%* ! +,!.ac%+*!/ !%*0!..1,c%+*!/: ! .!c+.0!/ 5 (a #!*!.ac%* !

!/,ac%+/ !* b(a*c+9 e/+ /!._a !( 0!a0.+ ! (a2!.a9 e( 0!a0.+ ! (a 2!.a -1! !* (a c1(01.a !(+/ )!%+/ /! ,(a*0!a !* 0].)%*+/ ! +c1)!*0a(

+ "%cc%*9Pa.a ja)!/+*: !( 0!)a ! (a 2!.a !* (a

,.+1cc%* c1(01.a( !b!._a ,(a*0!a./! !* 0].)%*+/! c+*0!*%+ ! 2!.aG 5 "a((+/ !* (a.!,.!/!*0ac%*9 e( 0!)a ,+._a ab+.a./! ! +/)a*!.a/; H8,+._a* a./! %"!.!*c%a/ !*0.! (a +b.a-1! ! 1*+ 1 +0.+ )++ .!a()!*0! .!,.!/!*0a !(/%/0!)a 5 !( ,1.+ +.*a0+ + !( ,1.+

!*0.!0!*%)%!*0+7 999 e( !*0.!0!*%)%!*0+ 0%!*! -1!/!. 1* )++ ! !2a/%*: ,!.+ %)a#%*a. !2a%./!/1,+*! ! $!c$+ 1* !&!.c%c%+ !,%/0!)+(#%c+?ja)!/+*: LJJ: ,9 @9

s% a !/0a /+c%!a: +*! (a 2!.a $a ,!.%+0++ ,.!/0%#%+: /! (! -1%!.! ((a)a. H/+c%!a !(!/,!c0[c1(+: /! 0.a0a._a ! /+c%!a!/ -1! /+*,1.a %)a#!* 5 -1! *+ ,1!!* /!. ! +0.a )a*!.a98la c1(01.a ! (a %)a#!* *+ ,1!! !*0+*c!/

10%(%6a./! ,a.a ca)b%a. (a )!*0! ! (a #!*0!7s!#* ja)!/+*: ?LJJ: ,9 J@ H1*a %*0!.2!*c%*10,%ca !* !( [)b%0+ ! (a c1(01.a !/ 1*a acc%*,+(_0%ca: ,1!/0+ -1! %*0!*0a .!%*2!*0a. !( "101.+ +,.+,+*!. a(0!.*a0%2a/9

C1a*+ Ma.4 /! .!"!._a a E% C)"-%c+)+ 1*c+*/0.1c0+ !/0]0%c+G: c+* 1*a "+.)a a.0%"%c%a(:!b!._a %*0!.,.!0a./! /!#* Ka.( K+./c$

Oc+)+ 1*a

#.a* ,%!6a )1/%ca(: c+)+ 1*a #.a* *+2!(a !"+.)ac%* ! (a )!.ca*c_a9 la "%cc%* *+ !/0[ !* !((%b.+ ! E% C)"-%/%*+ !* (a )!.ca*c_a: ,a.a%#)a! (a /%)1(ac%* 5 (a .!,.!/!*0ac%*9

Pa.a e%/!*/!%* c+)+ ,a.a K(1#!: !* !( ,!+. !(+/ ca/+/: (a a2!*01.a ! ,+*!. !* %)[#!*!/ E%C)"-% /!._a 1*a c._0%ca !( c%*! ,a.a -1! !/0!ca)b%!9 Hy *+ c+)+ ,.0!/%/ + %*/0.1)!*0+: /%*+c+*/+(%a*+ ]( )%/)+ !( ,!*/a)%!*0+ ! +0.+

)++9 Q1! !/0! *+ 0!*#a (1#a. /+(+ !* !/,ac%+/aca])%c+/ = /+(+ !*0.! !.1%0+/: /%*+ !*0.!%/0%*0+/ !/0.a0+/ ! (a ,+b(ac%* = y c+*%)[#!*!/ /! ,1!!* a*c(a. (a/ /%01ac%+*!/ )!&+.

LJ | TELOS 91

autor invitado

En la era de la

globalizacin, el capital

funciona enteramente

como Marx lo describe

en El Capital

F"%,(f( %e&' e&"+d( %(, E,-d(, U'"d(,8

d('de e#e+c" c(&( )+(fe,(+ de U'"/e+,"dd e

"'/e,-"d(+ ,(c"%7 S"e'd( c(&.'",-8 f.e e% )+"&e+(

e' ,(,-e'e+ *.e e% &+1",&( e+ % f%, c('c"e'c"

de % U'"' S(/"-"c *.e )e+&"-"+ %

"'d.,-+"%"3c"' de e,e ),7 V,e8 e'-+e (-+(,8 t!*

t$!/!/ +* Ma.4%/) t+a5 ;SOJ>0!*0$!/!/9$0)

t i it d


22/173

-1! c+* )!.a/ ,a(ab.a/9 P+. (+ 0a*0+: !( c%*! 5 (a/a.0!/ 2%/1a(!/ 0%!*!* 1*a "1*c%* ,+(_0%ca 5 ]0%ca !*0++ (+ -1! !/ .!(!2a*0! !* (a $%/0+.%a 1*%2!./a(: !*

(a !c+*+)_a 5 !* !( b%!*!/0a. ! (a/ ,!./+*a/9o0.+ ac%!.0+ ! A(!4a*!. K(1#! "1! (a "!(%6 %!a

! /1b0%01(a. /1 ,!(_c1(a L .-() e, cd /e3&e#(+ &ed"d *.e % e,)e+&(,9

Bibliograf1aBa1.%((a.: j9 ?S@9 C.%-.+ 2 ,"&.%c+(9 Ba.c!(+*a; Ka%./9Ca),b!((: j9 ?LJJO@9 El hroe de las mil caras9 Ma.%; F+*+ !

C1(01.a ec+*)%ca9Ca..: n9 ?LJ@96Q. e,- !c"e'd( i'-e+'e- c(' '.e,-+,&e'-e,5 S.)e+f"c"%e,9 Ma.%; ta1.1/9d!b+.: g9 ?SN@9 L ,(c"edd de% e,)ec-c.%(9 va(!*c%a; P.!t!40+/9ec+: u9 ?S@9 la /0.1001.a a//!*0!9 M%(a*+; B+),%a*%9g.%//!)a**: s9 ?LJJ@9 F+'$f.+-e+ a%%e&e"'e Ze"-.' G&bH9g.!%)a/: A9 ?SS@9 S&"(-"*.e9 Pa._/; hac$!00!9 e9 !*ca/0!((a*+; ?SL@9 Se&"-"c9 Ma.%; g.!+/9g.+5/: B9 ?LJJ@9 B#( ,(,)ec!9 U' fe'(&e'(%( de %(,

&ed"(,9 va(!*c%a; P.!t!40+/9E ?LJJS@9 S(b+e %( '.e/(9 va(!*c%a; P.!t!40+/9P.+,,: v9 ?S@9 M(+f(%("# S$3$29 l!*%*#.a+; na1'a9 e9 !*ca/0!((a*+ ?SN@; M(+f(%( de% C.e'-(9 Ma.%; F1*a)!*0+/?0+)aa ! (a 0.a1cc%* ".a*c!/a ! M9 d!..%a: C9 Ka$* 5t9 t++.+2@9s[*c$!6: d9 ?LJJ@9 F+ede+"c J&e,('8 Ref%e1"('e, ,(b+e %)(,-&(de+'"dd7 Ma.%; Abaa9s(+0!.%&': P9 ?LJJ@9 E' e% &.'d( "'-e+"(+ de% c)"-%9 Ma.%;s%.1!(a9E ?LJ@9 i+ 2 -"e&)(9 Ma.%; s%.1!(a9s0+(()a**: R9 ?S@9 R!a%*# K(1#!G/ Ma// d!a0$ %* v!*%c!9Ne0 Ge+&' C+"-"*.e !* (_*!a: JOSO9 d%/,+*%b(! !*;!--)9::0007(e-!e7de:"',:&1:&e1:)+e:&:e,7!-&

v+#(!.: C9 ?SS@9 t!e W+"-e+@, J(.+'e29 C9 A9; M%c$!( w%!/!P.+1c0%+*/9 e9 !* ca/0!((a*+ ?LJJL@; E% /"#e de% e,c+"-(+9Ba.c!(+*a; e%c%+*!/ R+b%*b++'9Z%6!': s9: sa*0*!.: e9 l9 5 R!%*$a.: K9 ?LJJ@9 E% )+#"&(7 t+e,"'dc"('e, e' -e(%( )(%-"c9 Ma.%; A)+..+.019

TELOS 91 | L

autor invitado

autor invitado


23/173

u* !ba0! a)b%#1+

La ind"!ria cra!i#a

n e"ropaA* A)b%#1+1/ d!ba0!t$! C.!a0%2! I*1/0.%!/ %* e1.+,!

P-+"c" C(++ed(+ L', 2 E'+"*.e B.,-&'-e R&+e3

ReSUMeN

lA InCoRPoRACIYn del ConCePto de

IndustRIAs CReAtIvAs A lA unIYn euRoPeA enLJJ hA Ido desenCAdenAdo desde entonCesunA MultItud de doCuMentos: InFoRMes eInICIAtIvAs PolWtICAs: e IMPRegnAndoAPARenteMente de ModeRnIdAd sus vIsIonesde lA CultuRA9 el oBjetIvo de estAInvestIgACIYn es AnAlIZAR los sIgnIFICAdos:lAs FRonteRAs y oBjetIvos de lA ue en elCAMPo CultuRAl: en sus etAPAs hIstYRICAsduRAnte MUs de dos dVCAdAs: exAMInAndosus doCuMentos: estudIAndo susPRogRAMAs CultuRAles hIstYRICos yACtuAles: sus FInAlIdAdes y PResuPuestos:sus seCtoRes de ACtuACIYn e InCluso susBAlAnCes ReCIentes Con vIstAs A suRenovACIYn en los PRYxIMos AXos: CoMolABoRAtoRIo PRIvIlegIAdo de oBseRvACIYn

ABSTRACT

sInCe LJJ: the gloBAl wAve oF the CReAtIve

IndustRIes ConCePt hAs ReAChed theeuRoPeAn unIon: tRIggeRIng A lARgeAMount oF doCuMents: RePoRts AndPolItICAl InItIAtIves And APPARentlyIMBuIng theIR vIsIons oF CultuRe wIthModeRnIty9 the AIM oF thIs ReseARCh Is toAnAlyZe the MeAnIngs: BoRdeRs AndoBjeCtIves oF the eu In the CultuRAl FIeld:CoveRIng Its hIstoRICAl PeRIods FoR MoRethAn two deCAdes: exAMInIng ItsdoCuMents: studyIng Its hIstoRICAl AndCuRRent CultuRAl PRogRAMs: Its goAls AndBudgets: Its seCtoRs oF ACtIvIty: And ItsReCent AssessMents oRIentAted to ItsRenovAtIon In CoMIng yeARs: ConsIdeRIng ItAs A PRIvIleged oBseRvAtIon lABoRAtoRy

Palabra cla#(I*1/0.%a/ C.!a0%2a/: C1(01.a: I*1/0.%a/ C1(01.a(!/: P+(_0%ca/

e1.+,!a/: d%2!./%a

K&$ord(C.!a0%2! I*1/0.%!/: C1(01.!: C1(01.a( I*1/0.%!/: e1.+,!a*P+(%0%c/: d%2!./%05

LL | TELOS 89

autor invitado

LL | TELOS 91

autor invitado


24/173

ob2%a*+ (+/ +._#!*!/ !( c+*c!,0+ ! C.!a0%2%a5 ! I*1/0.%a/ C.!a0%2a/ ?ICR@ !* (a 0!.c!.a 2_aG(ab+.%/0a !( R!%*+ u*%+ 5 (a/ 2%c%/%01!/ ! /1

!4,a*/%* %*0!.*ac%+*a( $a/0a /1 a+,c%* +"%c%a(,+. (a onu ?unCtAd: LJJ@: a),(%a)!*0!!/a..+((a+/ !* 1* (%b.+ .!c%!*0! ?B1/0a)a*0!e9: LJ@: ,+!)+/ /%01a. (a ,1!/0a ! (a.#+!1.+,!a ! (a/ ICR !* !( %*"+.)! t!e Ec('(&2 (fC.%-.+e ! LJJ: c15a .!acc%*: c1%a+/a 5)a0%6aa .!/,!c0+ a (a/ !4a#!.ac%+*!/ 5 b1.+/ac!.ca)%!*0+/ ! +0.+/ %*"+.)!/ %*0!.*ac%+*a(!/?c+)+ !( c%0a+ ! (a unCtAd@: /! !/"1!.6a !*a,a.!c!. c+)+ 1*a 2%/%* !-1%(%b.aa !*0.! c1(01.a5 !c+*+)_a: !*0.! %2!./%a 5 c.!c%)%!*0+9 P+.-1!)1c$+ )[/ %),+.0a*0! -1! (a c1a*0%"%cac%*!c+*)%ca ! (a c1(01.a 5 (a/ I*1/0.%a/ C1(01.a(!/?IC@: -1! /1)aba* /!#* !( %*"+.)! 1* L: ,+.c%!*0+ !( PIB !1.+,!+ 5 )[/ ! c%*c+ )%((+*!/ !!),(!+/ !* LJJ: .!/1(0a (a .!"(!4%* ab%!.0a /+b.!(+/ /!#)!*0+/ 5 !.%2ac%+*!/ ! (a c1(01.a9

Una ola d cra!i#idad n e"ropa

d! !*0.aa: !( %*"+.)! !1.+,!+ /! ,.!+c1,a !*%/0%*#1%. c(a.a)!*0! D/%#1%!*+ (+/ ,a/+/ !da2% t$.+/b5D !*0.! !( /!c0+. c1(01.a(: H,.+1c0+.! b%!*!/ 5 /!.2%c%+/ *+ .!,.+1c%b(!/ +.%!*0a+/ a/!. c+*/1)%+/ /+b.! !( 0!..!*+: !( /!c0+. ! (a/I*1/0.%a(!/ C1(01.a(!/: H,.+1c0+. ! b%!*!/

c1(01.a(!/ +.%!*0a+/ a 1*a .!,.+1cc%* )a/%2a:1*a %/!)%*ac%* )a/%2a 5 (a !4,+.0ac%*:H!*0!.a)!*0! c1(01.a(!/: H/%* "1*c%+*!//!c1*a.%a/ 10%(%0a.%a/ 5: "%*a()!*0!: !( H/!c0+.c.!a0%2+: H!* +*! (a c1(01.a /! c+*2%!.0! !* 1*"').- c.!a0%2+ !* (a ,.+1cc%* ! b%!*!/ *+c1(01.a(!/ ?ue: LJJ@9

g.["%ca)!*0!: !/0a 0%,+(+#_a !/ .!,.!/!*0aa !*!( %*"+.)! c%0a+ c+)+ 1* &1!#+ ! 0.!/ c_.c1(+/

c+*c]*0.%c+/; !* !( ,.%)!.+ !/0a._a* (a/ +-, f"e%d?,%*01.a: !/c1(01.a: %/!`+: "+0+#.a"_a: )!.ca+ !a.0! 5 a*0%#!a!/@ 5 (a/)e+f(+&"', +-, ?,!.a:0!a0.+: a*6a: c%.c+@: a/_ c+)+ !( ,a0.%)+*%+: (a/

b%b(%+0!ca/ 5 (+/ a.c$%2+/9 e* !( /!#1*+ /!!*#(+ba* !( (%b.+: !( "%(): !( %/c+: (a .a%+: (a0!(!2%/%*: (a ,.!*/a999

s%* !)ba.#+: !( 0!.c!. c_.c1(+: !( ! (ac.!a0%2%a: ,a.!c! .!/%/0%./! a( a*[(%/%/< a/_: /!!"%*! (a c+e-"/"-2 c+)+ !( H1/+ ! (+/ .!c1./+/c1(01.a(!/ c+)+ %*0!.)!%a.%+ !* (+/ ,.+c!/+/ !c+*/1)+ 5 ,.+1cc%* ! /!c0+.!/ *+ c1(01.a(!/ 5! !/! )++ c+)+ "1!*0! ! %**+2ac%*< *+"1!*0! ! c+*/1)+ "%*a(: /%*+ ! c+*/1)+%*0!.)!%a+ !* !( ,.+c!/+ ! ,.+1cc%* !,.+1c0+/ "1*c%+*a(!/9 s! 0.a0a._a ,1!/: ! 1*c+),(!&+ ,.+c!/+ ! %**+2ac%*: c+)b%*a*+a(#1*a/ ! !/0a/ %)!*/%+*!/; H%!a/: $ab%(%a!/:0!c*+(+#_a: &'e&e'-: ,.+c!/+/ ! ,.+1cc%*5 c1(01.a: -1! 0%!*! (a H$ab%(%a ! b!*!"%c%a. aca/% 0++/ (+/ /!c0+.!/ !c+*)%c+/9

A/_ !(%)%0aa/: (a/ ICR .!/1(0a* ac0%2%a!/H%),+/%b(!/ ! c%.c1*/c.%b%. ?ue: LJJ@: 5a -1!*+ /! c1!*0a c+* %*%ca+.!/ %*0!.*ac%+*a(!/ ,a.a

)!%.(a/9 e* 0++ ca/+: a( c+*0.a.%+ -1! )1c$+/%*"+.)!/ /+b.! !( 0!)a -1! a),(_a* !( ,!._)!0.+! (a/ ICR a /!c0+.!/ !*0!.+/ !( (1&+ 5 ! (a )+a:!( ,(f-0+e 5 ! (a %*"+.)[0%ca: !( !,+.0! !)a/a/ + (+/ ,a.-1!/ ! !*0.!0!*%)%!*0+: (a+b/!.2ac%* !( %*"+.)! ! KeA /! (%)%0a,.1!*0!)!*0! a %*c(1%. !* (a/ ICR: c+)+ b(+de+,%"'e ,ec-(+,: !( %/!`+: (a a.-1%0!c01.a 5 (a

,1b(%c%a9 y (a/ +/ ,.%)!.a/ a( )!*+/ *+ !/0[*c+),.!*%a/ !* (a c+*0ab%(%6ac%* !( ,!/+ ! (a!c+*+)_a: )%!*0.a/ (a ,1b(%c%a a,a.!c! c+)+#a/0+ 0+0a( a/_ c+)+: 1,(%caa)!*0!: a 0.a2]/ !(+/ )!%+/ ! c+)1*%cac%* -1! (a /+,+.0a*9

s! $ac! $%*ca,%]: ,1!/: /+b.! 0++: !* !( %/!`+:ca(%"%ca+ !* !( a*!4+ /!c0+.%a( c+..!/,+*%!*0!c+)+ 1* ,,e- !* (a/ !c+*+)_a/,+/%*1/0.%a(%6aa/: !* (a/ -1! (a ca(%a !(

,.+1c0+ *%c+ c+*/%#1! ,a.[)!0.+/ c+),!0%0%2+/:0a*0+ !* 0!c*+(+#_a c+)+ !* ,.!c%+/9 Hla "1*c%*!( %/!`+: /! a`a!: !/ c+*c!b%. +b&!0+/%*1/0.%a(!/ -1! !/0[* !/0%*a+/ a 1*a

Mucho ms importante

que la cuantificacin

econmica de la cultura

y las IC es la reflexin

sobre sus segmentos y

derivaciones

E,-e -e1-( de,++(%% % )('e'c" )+e,e'-d e' e%

Se&"'+"( ga(%c%a 5 (a/ I*1/0.%a/ C1(01.a(!/ 5C.!a0%2a/ a*0! (a A#!*a LJLJ7 de ,e)-"e&b+e de7 i,% de S' S"&' ;P('-e/ed+


25/173

.!,.+1cc%* )a/%2a; c+c$!/: a(%)!*0ac%*:2!/0%+/: !0c9: ,!.+ !( 2a(+. a`a%+ !( %/!`+ *+/! (%)%0a a (a/ ca.ac0!._/0%ca/ !/0]0%ca/: /%*+ -1!

%),ac0a !* 0++ !( ,.+c!/+ ! ,.+1cc%*9 e* !(0!40+ /! .!c+#! 1*a 0%,+(+#_a )15 a),(%a !(de,"'; #.["%c+ ?%*c(15!*+ !( )1(0%)!%a@: !,.+1c0+: ! !),a-1!0a+: %*1/0.%a( 5 ! )+a9s%* !)ba.#+: !* !( %*"+.)! 5 !( a*!4+: (a *%ca!2a(1ac%* ! !/0! /!c0+. c+*/%/0! !* 1* ,!-1!`+c1a.+ +*! /! !2a(a (a "ac01.ac%* ! c%*c+!),.!/a/ ! c+),(!)!*0+/ ! (1&+9

e* c1a*0+ a (a ,1b(%c%a: 0a)b%]* !* (+/ a*!4+/:/! (a ca(%"%ca c+)+ H1*a ! (a/ )a5+.!/ %*1/0.%a/c.!a0%2a/ ! e1.+,a: c1a*0%"%ca*+ /1 ,!/+!c+*)%c+ ?L9JJJ )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/ !* LJJ@: /1*)!.+ ! !),.!/a/ ?9N@ 5 /!`a(a*+ /10.a*/"+.)ac%* $ac%a !( !*0+.*+ (' %"'e9

la !4,a*/%* )[/ .[,%a 5 !/0acaa !/: /%*!)ba.#+: (a ,.+1c%a !* (a ,.+,%a C+)%/%*e1.+,!a: -1! /! $a !*.+(a+ !* !/0a )+a c+*

0+a/ /1/ c+*/!c1!*c%a/9 A/_: !*0.! (+/ )1c$+/+c1)!*0+/ #!*!.a+/ !* !/0a (_*!a: ,1!!c%0a./! (a C+)1*%cac%*a' "''(/-"(' >f+"e'd%2>&(de+' E.+()e

L: + (a -1! 2!./a /+b.! H(+/

c+*0!*%+/ c.!a0%2+/ !* (_*!a !* !( )!.ca+*%c+

: c15a +b/!/%* ,!.)a*!*0! !/ !( .!/,!0+ 5

!( c+b.+ !( c()2+"!-9 o !( M'"f"e,-( de %C+e-"/"dd e i''(/c"' ! LJJS ?!)ba&a+.!/

!1.+,!+/@: -1! (a/ !/#.%)! c+)+ .!)!%+ 0+0a(".!*0! a (a c.%/%/ !c+*)%ca: !*0.+ !( ,.+c(a)a+c+)+ A`+ e1.+,!+ ! (a C.!a0%2%a 5 (aI**+2ac%*9 e* LJJ /! +.#a*%6 a/%)%/)+ (ac+*"!.!*c%a i''(/: c15a ,.%)!.a )!/a .!+*a2!./aba /+b.! H!( !/,(%!#1! !( ,+0!*c%a( c.!a0%2+! e1.+,a: 5 /! c!(!b.a.+* (+/ O)e' D2, /+b.!I**+2ac%* 5 C.!a0%2%a ?d%.!cc%* g!*!.a( !e),.!/a/ ! I*1/0.%a@ a/_ c+)+ !( i''(/-"('

Fe,-"/% ! K+.0.%&': c!*0.+ .!#%+*a( ,a.a !( %/!`+ 5(a c.!a0%2%a9

e* LJJS /! !%0a 1*a ,.+(+*#ac%* !( %*"+.)!!c+*)%c+: .!a(%6a+ a/%)%/)+ ,+. (a c+*/1(0+.a

KeA e1.+,!a* A""a%./ 5 0%01(a+ /%#*%"%ca0%2a)!*0! E%"&)c-( de % c.%-.+ ,(b+e % c+e-"/"dd?&1*%+ LJJS:d%.!cc%* g!*!.a( ! e1cac%* 5 C1(01.a@9 P!.+ /1

+b&!0%2+ 5 !/0%(+ *+ !/ 5a ,.+,%+ ! 1*a c1a*0%"%cac%*!c+*)%ca: /%*+ ca/% ! 1*a 0!/%/ +c0+.a( "%(+/"%ca:,(a#aa ! c%0a/ ! a10+.!/ c+)+ Ba1.%((a.:l%,+2!0/'5: R%"'%*: A00a(% 5 $a/0a B+1.%!1: a1*-1!0a)b%]* ! *1)!.+/a/ c+*/1(0+.a/ 5 a10+.!/ /+b.!c.!a0%2%a9 e* !/0a )!6c(a ,1!!* +b/!.2a./! ".a/!/c+)+ !/0a; He/ $+.a ! a".+*0a. !( .%!/#+ c.!a0%2+ !(2a(+. ! (a %)a#%*ac%*: ! (+ ,+]0%c+: ! (+ /%)b(%c+:(+ !/0]0%c+ + (+ !/,%.%01a( ?ca.ac0!._/0%ca/ ! (ac.!a0%2%a ba/aa !* (a c1(01.a@: c+)+ "ac0+. !%**+2ac%*: !( ,.+#.!/+ /+c%a( 5 ! (a %*0!#.ac%*e1.+,!a9

e* 0++ ca/+: (a c1(01.a -1! %*0!.!/a !/0[!/0.!c$a)!*0! (%#aa a (a *a01.a(!6a ! (a/c+*0.%b1c%+*!/ !4,.!/aa/ !* ,.+1cc%+*!/a.0_/0%ca/ + c1(01.a(!/: ,!.+ a!)[/ H&1!#a 1*,a,!( c(a2! !* (a #!*!.ac%* ! (a %**+2ac%*

/+c%a(: $a/0a !( ,1*0+ ! -1! H*+ ,1!! !4%/0%.%**+2ac%* /%* c.!a0%2%a9 F%*a()!*0!: !( %*"+.)!/+(+ !/0aca 1* /!c0+. c.!a0%2+ !* a),(%01: !( !(%/!`+ Da1*-1! !* /1 a,+5+ /! c%0a* a(&'e&e'-: !( b+'d"': (a ,1b(%c%a: (a/0!c*+(+#_a/=D: ! /1 ,!*/a)%!*0+: ! /1/,.+"!/%+*a(!/: -1! H0.a*/"+.)a* b%!*!/ !c+*/1)+ !* ,.+1c0+/ )[#%c+/ 5 )%/0!.%+/+/ 5

0.a*/"+.)a* !%"%c%+/ !* )1/!+/ 5 #a(!._a/ =l+ 0.%2%a(: D/! c+*c(15!D: ,1!! ((!#a. a /!.$!.)+/+ ?e,_(+#+@9

el libro Vrd & la !ra!0gia e"ropa +)+)

e( %*"+.)! )[/ !/0aca+ $a /%+ /%* !)ba.#+ (a,1b(%cac%* !* LJJ !( l%b.+ v!.! L"be++ e%)(-e'c"% de %, "'d.,-+", c.%-.+%e, 2 c+e-"/,:%),1(/a+ ,+. (a d%.!cc%* g!*!.a( ! e1cac%* 5

C1(01.a 5 -1!: ,!/! a /1 0.a/c!*!*0a(!*+)%*ac%* 5 +b&!0%2+/: /+(+ 0%!*! L ,[#%*a/

N9

e/0! l%b.+ v!.! ?((a)a)%!*0+ a (a ,a.0%c%,ac%* !(+/ a#!*0!/ /+c%a(!/: %*c(1%+/ (+/ %*0!.!/!/

En el Libro Verde Liberar

el potencial de las

industrias culturales y

creativas (2010), la

cultura clsica y lasindustrias culturales no

aparecen reflejadas

COM ;I< f"'%7

COM ;< I f"'%7

COM ;< f"'%7

LN | TELOS 91

autor invitado

autor invitado


26/173

c.!a+/G ! %*/c.%0+/ !* 1* .!c%]* c.!a+ .!#%/0.+ !B.1/!(a/@: /! )a.ca c+)+ +b&!0%2+ H(%b!.a. !(,+0!*c%a( ! (a/ I*1/0.%a/ C1(01.a(!/ 5 C.!a0%2a/:

c+)+ "ac0+. !/!*c%a( ! (a !/0.a0!#%a e1.+,a LJLJ

s1/ !*1*c%a+/ /+* 0a* ! /!*0%+ c+)* -1!!/ %"_c%( !/0a. !* !/ac1!.+ c+* !((+/9 C+)+H,.+)+2!. !( %[(+#+ %*0!.c1(01.a(: 0!*!.H*1!2+/ ,1!*0!/ !*0.! !( a.0!: (a "%(+/+"_a: (ac%!*c%a 5 (+/ a)b%!*0!/ ! *!#+c%+/ + !/0ab(!c!.H(a6+/ )[/ "1!.0!/ !*0.! (a/ ,+(_0%ca/ c1(01.a(!/ 5+0.a/ ,+(_0%ca/ ,!.0%*!*0!/9 P!.+ (a c1(01.a c([/%ca

5 (a/ IC *+ a,a.!c!* c+*0!),(aa/9 y -1!a/%!),.! !( %*0!..+#a*0!: /%* .!/,1!/0a !4,(_c%0a: !-1%]* + ! -1] $a5 -1! H(%b!.a. !( ,+0!*c%a(c.!a0%2+ !1.+,!+9

R!/1(0a c1.%+/+ !* !40.!)+ -1! (a !/0.a0!#%ae1.+,a LJLJ: /1c!/+.a ! (a !/0.a0!#%a ! l%/b+a,a.a LJJ: c+* /1 ,.+(%"!.ac%* ! a#!*a/ !%*"+.)!/ /+(+ c+*0!*#a 1* ,[(%+ .!"(!&+ !( #.a*

!ba0! )a*0!*%+ !* (a (0%)a ]caa /+b.! (ac1(01.a 5 (a/ ICR: c%!.0a)!*0! !*0ab(a+ a !/ca(a#(+ba( ,!.+ -1! !* (a ue $a a(%)!*0a+ *1)!.+/+/%*"+.)!/ +"%c%a(!/ 5 ,+(])%ca/ %*0!*/a/: c+)+c+..!/,+*! a 1* c+*0%*!*0! -1! $a $!c$+$%/0.%ca)!*0! ! (a c1(01.a 1*+ ! (+/ ,.%*c%,a(!/"1*a)!*0+/ ! /1 %!*0%a 5 ! /1 )+!(+ /+c%a(9

A/_: !* !( +c1)!*0+ "1*a)!*0a( ! !/0a!/0.a0!#%a: E.+() 9 U' e,-+-e" )+ .'

c+ec"&"e'-( "'-e%"e'-e8 ,(,-e'"b%e e "'-e+d(+

: !*!( -1! /! "%&a* !/a/ 0.!/ #.a*!/ ,.%+.%a!/ ,a.a (a]caa 5 c%*c+ +b&!0%2+/ D!),(!+: %*2!./%* !*ITd: c(%)a>!*!.#_a: "+.)ac%* 5 ,+b.!6aD (a c1(01.a

.!/1(0a 0a*#!*c%a()!*0! c%0aa !* ,+ca/ +ca/%+*!/c+*c.!0a/; ,+. !&!),(+: Hc.!a. 1* 2!.a!.+)!.ca+ *%c+ ! c+*0!*%+ 5 /!.2%c%+/ !* (_*!a +

(a *!c!/%a ! H1* a,+5+ ac0%2+ a (a %#%0a(%6ac%*!( .%c+ ,a0.%)+*%+ c1(01.a( !1.+,!+9 y !* (a/ /%!0!#.a*!/ %*%c%a0%2a/ Da#!*a/D -1! !b!* %),(%ca. a0++/ (+/ +.#a*%/)+/ !1.+,!+/ !* (+/ ,.4%)+/a`+/: *% (a c1(01.a: *% (a/ %*1/0.%a/ c1(01.a(!/ *% (a/%*1/0.%a/ c.!a0%2a/ a-1%!.!* 1* ,a,!( %),+.0a*0!5 /+(+ /+* c%0aa/ ! "+.)a )a.#%*a(

9 P!.+ !/0!

a*[(%/%/ !4%#! /1 c+*0!401a(%6ac%* $%/0.%ca !* (a!2+(1c%* ! (a/ ,+(_0%ca/ c1(01.a(!/ !1.+,!a/ 5 /1!*ca.%*ac%* !* (+/ ,.+#.a)a/ ! ac01ac%*ac01a(!/9

La pol1!ica c"l!"ral "ropa( grand !apa

& programa ac!"al

C+)+ !/ /ab%+: (a c1(01.a *+ a,a.!c! !* *%*#*0!40+ !( t.a0a+ ! R+)a ! SO 5 !(a1%+2%/1a( *+ !*0.a 1.a*0! )1c$+/ a`+/ !* (a

a#!*a ! (a C+)1*%a )[/ -1! !,%/%ca)!*0!!* S ?c+* !ba0!/ /+b.! (a (%b.! c%.c1(ac%* !(c%*!@9 e/0a a/1*c%* ! c+),!0!*c%a/ /+(+ /!%*%c%a.[ a ,a.0%. ! (a /!*0!*c%a sacc$% ! (+/0.%b1*a(!/ !1.+,!+/: ! SN: -1! a ,+. /!*0aa(a *a01.a(!6a !c+*)%ca c+)+ /!.2%c%+G ! (a0!(!2%/%*9 P!/! a !((+: (a c1(01.a /!#1%.[ /%!*+c+*/%!.aa 1*a c+),!0!*c%a !/0.%c0a)!*0!

*ac%+*a( $a/0a "%*a(!/ ! (+/ a`+/ +c$!*0a 5 /+(+!*0.a.[ !* !( t.a0a+ ! Maa/0.%c$0 ?SS@ c+)+!c+*+)_a: ,+. (a 2_a ! (a /1,.!/%* ! +b/0[c1(+/a (a (%b.! c%.c1(ac%* ! )!.ca+/ 5 /!.2%c%+/:c+b%&aa ba&+ !( )a*0+ ! (a /1b/%%a.%!a !*0.!,+!.!/ !* !( a.0_c1(+ O !( (0%)+ 0.a0a+c%0a+ ?ac01a()!*0!: !( t.a0a+ 2%#!*0!@; Hlaue c+*0.%b1%.[ a (a !4,a*/%* ! (a/ c1(01.a/ ! (+/e/0a+/)%!)b.+/ !*0.+ !( .!/,!0+ a /1

%2!./%a *ac%+*a( 5 .!#%+*a(: ,+*%!*+ /%!),.!!* !2%!*c%a (a $!.!*c%a c1(01.a( c+)*: 5"a2+.!c!.[ (a c++,!.ac%*: a,+5a.[ 5c+),(!)!*0a.[ ac01ac%+*!/ !* (a +-",-"c 'd

En las siete grandes

iniciativas de la UE para

2020, la cultura, las

Industrias Culturales o

las Industrias Creativas

son citadas solo de

forma marginal

COM ;< 7I

E'-+e %, ,"e-e ?"'"c"-"/, e&b%e&-"c,@ c"-d, )+

de,++(%%+ % E,-+-e" 8 e1)+e,d, e' (-+, -'-,

e'd, e,-+e%%8 c.-+( )+ece' )+e,e'-+ )+"(+" +e%c"('e,

e,-+ec!, c(' % C.%-.+ 2 %, iCC ;i'd.,-+", C.%-.+%e, 2

C+e-"/,


27/173

%"-e++2 c+e-"('8 "'c%.d"' "' -!e .d"(/",.%

,ec-(+9u* a*[(%/%/ )[/ c+*c.!0+ !4%#! %/0%*#1%. !*0.!

0.!/ !0a,a/ %*%c%a(!/ 5 %"!.!*c%aa/ ! (a ,+(_0%caa1%+2%/1a( ! (a u*%*9

P+"&e+ e-)9 de

I*c(1%+/ a(#1*+/ a*0!c!!*0!/ a%/(a+/a*0!.%+.!/: !/ (a !0a,a ! !ba0!/ 5 .!"(!4%+*!/-1! c+*0%!*! !* #!.)!* (+/ !/a..+((+/ "101.+/9d%2!./+/ %*"+.)!/ !( Pa.(a)!*0+ 5 (a C+)%/%*e1.+,!a c1()%*a* !* !( L"b+( Ve+de de te%e/","'S"' F+('-e+, ! SN9 P.%)a !* !/0! ,!.%++ 1*a2%/%* ,+(_0%c+!c+*)%ca ! (a 0!(!2%/%* 5 1*a,!./,!c0%2a +)%*a*0! !0!.)%*%/0a ! (a0!c*+(+#_a 5 1*%0a.%/0a ,+. !*c%)a ! (a %2!./%a9

Se.'d e-)9 de

l(!*a* !/0! ,!.%++ (a/ .!/+(1c%+*!/ !(Pa.(a)!*0+ e1.+,!+ ! SO: !( P(a* ! acc%* !

S: !( !c[(+#+ Ba.6a*0% ! !/! )%/)+ a`+ 5:/+b.! 0++: (+/ #.a*!/ !ba0!/ 5 (1c$a/ -1!c1()%*a* !* (a d%.!c0%2a ! tv s%* F.+*0!.a/ !SS: c+* 0+a/ (a/ a)b%#!a!/ !( 0.aba&+/+c+*/!*/+ "%*a( a+,0a+ /+b.! !( )_*%)+!*+)%*a+. c+)*9 A (+ -1! $ab._a -1! a`a%.:!* +0.+ ,(a*+: (a "a/! ,%(+0+ !( P.+#.a)a MedIA 5/1 (a*6a)%!*0+ +"%c%a( !/! SS< 5 !( l%b.+ v!.!

/+b.! (a c+*c!*0.ac%* -1! a,!(aba a 1* !ba0!:0.%,(! c+*/1(0a !* (a ,.[c0%ca: -1! -1!a.[ 0a*ab%!.0+ c+)+ %*0!..1),%+ 5 /%* c+*/!c1!*c%a/?ue: SSL: P%.+%",& 'd &ed" c('ce'-+-"(' "'-!e "'-e+'% &+$e-9 CoM SL9 u*%* e1.+,!a9l14!)b1.#+@9 la ,!./,!c0%2a /! $ac! )[/!c+*)%c+c1(01.a(: (a 1*%a !1.+,!a ,.!0!*!c+*&1#a./! c+* (a %2!./%a9

te+ce+ e-)9 de e/ (a !0a,a ! (a c1()%*ac%* !( MedIA I 5 !(

(a*6a)%!*0+ !( MedIA II ?SSOLJJJ@9 ta)b%]*%*c(15! !/0! ,!.%++ (a "a)+/a *!#+c%ac%* c+* !(gAtt -1! 0!.)%*a.[ !* (a c+*+c%a 5 ,.+2%/%+*a(!4c!,c%* c1(01.a(G9 P!.+ !/0[ )a.caa /+b.! 0++,+. !( %/c1./+ 5 (a/ ac01ac%+*!/ %*/c.%0a/ !*+c1)!*0+/ c](!b.!/; !( L"b+( B%'c( ,(b+e

c(&)e-"-"/"dd 2 e&)%e( ! SSL ?+ (%b.+ De%(+,@


28/173

C.+- e-)9 de 9 %, )(%-"c,

c-.%e,

e( a`+ LJJJ !/ !( %*%c%+ c(a.+ ! (a/ ,+(_0%ca/

!1.+,!a/ !( /%#(+ xxI: c+* (a c+*/+(%ac%* !(,.+#.a)a M!%a 5 (a a/1*c%* ! (a/ c+),!0!*c%a/c1(01.a(!/ a*0!/ %/,!./a/ !* !( ,.+#.a)a C1(01.aLJJJ9 P!.+ (a ,+(_0%ca c1(01.a( ! (a ue /! !/a..+((a0a)b%]* ,+. +0.+/ !..+0!.+/: c+)+ (a/0.a*/"+.)ac%+*!/ ! (a .!#1(ac%* 0!(!2%/%2a + (a+c0.%*a !2+(10%2a /+b.! (a +.#a*%6ac%*:"%*a*c%ac%* 5 )%/%+*!/ !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+: +/[)b%0+/ ! !*+.)! .!,!.c1/%* c1(01.a(/+)!0%+/ a ca)b%+/ ,.+"1*+/ !* !/0a ],+ca:-1! !2%!*c%a* (a/ ,!./,!c0%2a/ ca)b%a*0!/ ! (aC+)%/%* /+b.! !( a1%+2%/1a( 5 (a c1(01.a !1.+,!a9

D e( ,.+#.a)a MedIAA( M!%a P(1/: +0a+ c+* O )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/

?LJJJLJJ@ ,a.a 2!%*0! ,a_/!/: (! /1c!% !(P.+#.a)a MedIA LJJLJ: c+* 1* ,.!/1,1!/0+ !

OO )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/ ,a.a /%!0! a`+/ 5 L ,a_/!/:-1! ,.!0!*_a ab+.a. (a/ c+*/!c1!*c%a/ ! (a%#%0a(%6ac%*< /! (! aà% ,+/0!.%+.)!*0! !( MedIAMundus: !/0%*a+ a "+)!*0a. (a/ .!(ac%+*!/ !*0.!(a %*1/0.%a c%*!)a0+#.["%ca !1.+,!a 5 (a ! 0!.c!.+/,a_/!/ ?O )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/ ,a.a !( ,!.%++ LJLJ@9 d! !/0a "+.)a: !( ,.!/1,1!/0+ ,a.!c!a1)!*0a.: ,!.+ /! ,.+(+*#a !* !( 0%!),+ ! 2%#!*c%a5 aba.ca caa 2!6 )[/ ,a_/!/ )%!)b.+/: c+* 1*ac1+0a caa 2!6 )!*+. ,+. ,a_/>a`+9

la/ c+*/1(0a/ /+b.! /1 ,.+(+*#ac%* !/! LJN+ca/%+*a.[* 1* !*+.)! .!21!(+ a( "%(0.a./! (a%*0!*c%* ! (a C+)%/%* ! %*0!#.a. !( MedIA !*1* *1!2+ ,.+#.a)a #!*!.a( /+b.! C.!a0%2%a: c+*%/)%*1c%* .[/0%ca ! (+/ ,.!/1,1!/0+/!/0%*a+/ a( c%*! 5 a( a1%+2%/1a(9 e* )a.6+ !LJ: (a ,.+0!/0a !( )1*+ a1%+2%/1a( /!

c+*c.!0a.[ !* 1* )a*%"%!/0+ ! )[/ ! 9JJ,.+1c0+.!/ 5 .!a(%6a+.!/ ?!/! P!.+A()+2a. + w%* w!*!./: ! C+/0a g.a2.a/ + K!*l+ac$ a na*% M+.!00%@ -1! .!c$a6aba* 0a*0+ (a!/a,a.%c%* ! (a !/,!c%"%c%a !( ,.+#.a)ac+)+ /1/ .!c+.0!/: ca(%"%c[*+(+/ ! Ha0!*0a+c+*0.a (a c.!a0%2%a 5 (a c1(01.a: c+*0.a (+/"1*a)!*0+/ ! *1!/0.a %!*0%a 5 ! *1!/0.+/

2a(+.!/ !1.+,!+/ ?M(/"e=&$e+, )e-"-"(' -()+(-ec- -!e P+(+&&"' MEDia i'de)e'de'ce@9

s! c!(!b.aba a/_ !( LJ a*%2!./a.%+ ! (a c.!ac%* !(MedIA: a1*-1! (a C+)%/%* *!# (+/ .!c+.0!/ 5 %+)a.c$a a0.[/: a/!#1.a*+ -1! )a*0!*._a !(

MedIA: ,!.+ /%* c+),.+)!0!./! a )a*0!*!. /1/%*2!./%+*!/ *% a .!c1,!.a. (a/ 0a/a/ ! %*"(ac%*9

D e( P.+#.a)a C1(01.a LJJJe( P.+#.a)a C1(01.a LJJJ ?LJJJLJJ@

/%#*%"%c 1* #.a* a2a*c! a( a.0%c1(a. !* 1* /+(+,.+5!c0+ ! ac01ac%* (a/ acc%+*!/ a*0!/%/,!./a/ !* ,.+#.a)a/ c+)+ Ka(!%+/c+,%+:A.%a*! + Ra,$a^(9

e( /!#1*+ ,.+#.a)a C1(01.a: %/!à+ ,a.a1*a 1.ac%* ! /%!0! a`+/ ?!( !*!.+ LJJ a( ! %c%!)b.! ! LJ@ #%.a !* 0+.*+ a 0.!/+b&!0%2+/; (a )+2%(%a 0.a*/*ac%+*a( ! (+/,.+"!/%+*a(!/ ! (a c1(01.a: (a c%.c1(ac%* !+b.a/ ! a.0! 5 ,.+1c0+/ c1(01.a(!/ 5 (a,.+)+c%* !( %[(+#+ %*0!.c1(01.a(9 t%!*! 1*a+0ac%* "%*a*c%!.a ! NJJ )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/

,a.a !/! ,!.%++ 5 (+/ L e/0a+/ )%!)b.+/9naa !* /1 0!40+ ?d!c%/%* n+9 OO>LJJ>Ce@/! .!"%!.! a (a/ ICR: ,+.-1! /1 a+,c%* !* LJJ"1! a*0!.%+. a( !/01%+ /+b.! (a ec+*+)_a ! (aC1(01.a ! !/! a`+9

t.a/ !( (a*6a)%!*0+ ! (a !/0.a0!#%a e1.+,aLJLJ: (a C+)%/%* .!a(%6 1*a c+*/1(0a ,b(%ca/+b.! !( "101.+ ,.+#.a)a C1(01.a ,a.a LJN: !*0.!c15+/ .!/1(0a+/ /! )!*c%+*a 5a (a H,.+)+c%*! (a c1(01.a !* 0a*0+ -1! ca0a(%6a+. ! (ac.!a0%2%a9 e* !/0! ba(a*c! ,.+2%/%+*a(: 2a(+.a+/+b.! (a ba/! ! /1 !"%c%!*c%a: !"%cac%a 51.ab%(%a: /! .!c+)%!*a aa,0a. !( "101.+,.+#.a)a a (a e/0.a0!#%a LJLJ 5 a (a A#!*a!1.+,!a ,a.a (a c1(01.a9 P!.+ *aa /! aà! /+b.!!( )+*0+ ! /1 ,.!/1,1!/0+ "101.+9

e* (+/ ,.+,%+/ ba(a*c!/ ! (a ue 5 !* ,a.0%c1(a.

!* /1 ,.+5!c0+ ! P.%)!. P.+#.a)a Ma.c+ a "a2+.! (a C1(01.a: /! $a !/0%)a+ -1! !( %*!.+!%ca+ %.!c0a)!*0! a (a c1(01.a 5 a( a1%+2%/1a(a,!*a/ a(ca*6 !* (+/ a`+/ LJJJ !( J:L ,+. c%!*0+!( 0+0a( ,.!/1,1!/0a.%+ ! (a u*%*9 e* c1a(-1%!.ca/+: !/0a)+/ )15 (!&+/ ! (a a)b%c%* "%*a*c%!.a! c1a(-1%!. +0.+ ,.+#.a)a /!c0+.%a( !1.+,!+:!/,!c%a()!*0! !( a#._c+(a: ! 0!(!c+)1*%cac%+*!/

+ ! (a s+c%!a ! (a I*"+.)ac%*9 u*a!/,.+,+.c%* b.10a( -1! ,1!! 0a)b%]* )!%./!

El ao +))) es el inicio

claro de las polticas

europeas del siglo XXI

TELOS 91 | L

autor invitado


29/173

!* 0].)%*+/ .!(a0%2+/: ,+. !&!),(+: c+* !(P.+#.a)a A#._c+(a C+)* ?PAC@: +0a+ !NL9JJJ )%((+*!/ ! !1.+/ ,a.a /%!0! a`+/: ".!*0!

a (+/ 9JJ ! c1(01.a 5 a1%+2%/1a( ,a.a %#1a(,!.%++ !* LJ ?1* J: ,+. c%!*0+ !(,.!/1,1!/0+ 0+0a( ! (a u*%*: ".!*0! a( N: ,+.c%!*0+ (a PAC@9

D la .!#1(ac%* a1%+2%/1a(9 d%.!c0%2a/ !0!(!2%/%* /%* ".+*0!.a/

la *%ca .!#1(ac%* !"!c0%2a 5 +b(%#a0+.%a !* !([)b%0+ a1%+2%/1a( !1.+,!+ !/: c+)+ /! /ab!: (ad%.!c0%2a ! t!(!2%/%* s%* F.+*0!.a/ ! SS -1!!*0. !* 2%#+. (!#a()!*0! !* SS: a1*-1! !*)1c$+/ !/0a+/ )%!)b.+/ *+ /! 2!.0% a (a/.!#1(ac%+*!/ *ac%+*a(!/ $a/0a SSLS 5 !* !( ca/+!/,a`+( $a/0a SSN< /1 ,.%)!. .!0+-1! (!#a( a0a !SS: a1*-1! *+ /1,1/+ ca)b%+/ a,.!c%ab(!/ !* /1*+.)a0%2a9 s%* !)ba.#+: (a .!2%/%* ! LJJ?d%.!c0%2a LJJ>O ue< P.+)1(#ac%* ! !

%c%!)b.! ! LJJ@ $a %),(%ca+ ca)b%+/ !/!*c%a(!/5 *+ /+(+ /+b.! !( 0_01(+: ba10%6a+ H/+b.! /!.2%c%+ !)!%+/ a1%+2%/1a(!/9

D la .!#1(ac%* !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+e( P.+0+c+(+ ! A)/0!.a) ? ! &1*%+ !

SS@: c+* 2a(+. ! a*!4+ a( t.a0a+ ! l%/b+a:.!a"%.)aba (a c+),!0!*c%a ! (+/ e/0a+/)%!)b.+/ 5 /1b.a5aba !( ,a,!( !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+,+. /1/ (a6+/ c+* (a/ *!c!/%a!/ !)+c.[0%ca/:/+c%a(!/ 5 c1(01.a(!/ ! (a /+c%!a: a/_ c+)+ /1,a,!( ! #a.a*0! !( ,(1.a(%/)+: %*c(15!*+ /1%2!./%"%cac%* 0!c*+(#%ca9

e*0.! (+/ *1)!.+/+/ +c1)!*0+/ c+)1*%0a.%+/?/+b.! 0++ !( Pa.(a)!*0+@ -1! $a* .!a"%.)a+!/0a %),+.0a*c%a: ,1!! c%0a./! !( %*"+.)! /+b.!L P(%-"c a.d"(/",.% e' % E+ D""-%! SSS:

-1! ca(%"%caba ,+. ,.%)!.a 2!6 a( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+:%*c(15!*+ /1/ a),(%ac%+*!/ %#%0a(!/: c+)+ !H%*0!.]/ !c+*)%c+ #!*!.a(: a`a%!*+ -1! !(c1),(%)%!*0+ ! !/0a )%/%* ! /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+!b! a,+5a./! /+b.! !( ,.+#.!/+ 0!c*+(#%c+ ?ue:dg x: SS9 L e+ d""-%7 L )(%-"c .d"(/",.%e.+()e7 i'f(+&e de% +.)( de a%-( N"/e% de P(%-"c

a.d"(/",.%9 C+)%/%* e1.+,!a9 l14!)b1.#+@9

A( %),1(/+ ! (a/ *1)!.+/a/ !*1*c%a/%*0!.,1!/0a/ ,+. (a/ ca!*a/ ,.%2aa/: (a C+)%/%*

$a %+ c+*/0.15!*+ 1*a +c0.%*a (!#a( ,a.a !(/!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ ! +b(%#a+ c1),(%)%!*0+ !* (+/e/0a+/ )%!)b.+/ ?c+* 1*a a),(%a &1.%/,.1!*c%a

! !4,!%!*0!/: /!*0!*c%a/ 5 /a*c%+*!/@: -1!%*c(15!; !( !/0ab(!c%)%!*0+ ! 1*a a0.%b1c%* 51*a !"%*%c%* (!#a( !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ ?(!5!/:)a*a0+/ )a.c+ a )!%+ ,(a6+: c+*0.a0+/,.+#.a)a@< !( c+*0.+( ! /1 !&!c1c%* ,+. 1*+.#a*%/)+ %*!,!*%!*0! ! (a !),.!/a)a*a0aa< (a (%)%0ac%* ! (a "%*a*c%ac%* ,b(%caa (a ca*0%a *!c!/a.%a ,a.a !( c+/0! *!0+ ! (a)%/%* ! /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ ?,.+,+.c%+*a(%a@< !(!/0ab(!c%)%!*0+ ! ,.+c!%)%!*0+/ c+*0ab(!/ -1!/!,a.!* (a/ ac0%2%a!/ ! /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ ! (+/%*#.!/+/ c+)!.c%a(!/ ?0.a*/,a.!*c%a@9

la C+)%/%* .!a"%.) (a (!#%0%)%a !( /!.2%c%+,b(%c+ 5 ! /1 %2!./%"%cac%* (' %"'e !* (a/ .!!/%#%0a(!/ !* /1 C+)1*%cac%* /+b.! (a a),(%ac%*a (+/ /!.2%c%+/ ,b(%c+/ ! .a%+%"1/%* ! (a/.!#(a/ .!(a0%2a/ a (a/ a51a/ ! e/0a+ ! LJJ

?jCe LJJ n+9 CLJ ! O ! *+2%!)b.! ! LJJ@:!* (a -1! /! (!#%0%)aba 1*a 2%/%* a),(%aaG !(/!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ c+)+ c+*"+.)! a( a.0_c1(+ !(t.a0a+ /% /%.2! a (a/ *!c!/%a!/ !)+c.[0%ca/:/+c%a(!/ 5 c1(01.a(!/: c+*%c%* -1! -1!aba a(a.b%0.%+ ! caa *ac%*: /a(2+ ca/+ ! !..+.)a*%"%!/0+G !0!c0a+ ,+. (a C+)%/%*9

s%* !)ba.#+: !* (a *1!2a C+)1*%cac%* !LJJS /+b.! a51a/ !/0a0a(!/ a (+/ /!.2%c%+/,b(%c+/ ! .a%+%"1/%* ?LJJS> CLO>J< d%a.%+o"%c%a( ! L ! +c01b.! ! LJJS@: &1/0%"%caaa/%)%/)+ ,+. /1 a!c1ac%* a (a sI: ,!.+ !* (a -1!/! a(!#aba* (a/ c.!c%!*0!/ !*1*c%a/ ! ca!*a/0!(!2%/%2a/ 5 !%0+.!/ !(!c0.*%c+/ ,.%2a+/: (aC+)%/%* /! .!/!.2aba a ,.%+.% !/0a c+),!0!*c%a! 2%#%(a*c%a 5 c+*0.+( ,a.a a/!#1.a. (a c+$!.!*c%a!( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ %#%0a( c+* 0a(!/ *!c!/%a!/

D(a ca(%"%cac%* ! !..+. )a*%"%!/0+GD: +b(%#a*+ a(+/ e/0a+/ )%!)b.+/ a .!a(%6a. 1*a !2a(1ac%*,.!2%a ?e1 '-e@ 5 a $+c /+b.! caa 1*+ ! !/+/*1!2+/ /!.2%c%+/ ?).b%"c /%.e -e,-@: ,a.a!)+/0.a. *+ /+(+ !( 2a(+. a`a%+ ! caa 1*+:/%*+ 0a)b%]* /1 %),ac0+ !* !( )!.ca+ ,.%2a+9

La conom1a & l mrcado' dominan!

e( a*[(%/%/ ! (a/ ,+(_0%ca/ ,b(%ca/ !1.+,!a/ !* !(/%#(+ xxI !2%!*c%a -1! /! $a* )+%"%ca+

El Programa Cultura

+))) signific un gran

avance al articular en un

solo proyecto de

actuacin las acciones

antes dispersas

L | TELOS 91

autor invitado


30/173

,.+"1*a)!*0! (a/ ac0%01!/ +)%*a*0!/ ! (au*%* e1.+,!a a*0! !( a1%+2%/1a( 5 (a c1(01.a:a1*-1! !/0+/ ca)b%+/ ,1!!* .a/0.!a./! !/! (a

]caa ! SSJ9Pa.!c! %"_c%( !*c+*0.a. 5a !* (a/ ,+(_0%ca/!1.+,!a/ 0.a6a/ ! a(#1*a/ ! (a/ ,.%*c%,a(!/c+*0.a%cc%+*!/ /!`a(aa/ ,+. /1/ c._0%c+/ c+)++/0!*0+/a/ !* !( ca),+ c1(01.a( !* (a/ ]caa/ !SJ 5 SSJ9 la (1c$a "1*a)!*0a( ! !*0+*c!/!*0.! ,!./,!c0%2a/ ,a*!1.+,!a/ ?(a c+*/0.1cc%*.[,%a ! 1*aG c1(01.a !1.+,!a@ 5 ,!./,!c0%2a/(+ca(%/0a/ ?c1(01.a 5 !/,ac%+ ,b(%c+ *ac%+*a(@ /! $a%(1%+ !* 1*a 2%/%* $!#!)*%ca 5 ,.a#)[0%ca !)!.ca+: 0a* (+ca(%/0a c+)+ #(+ba(9 lac+*".+*0ac%* !*0.! ,a_/!/ c%*!)a0+#.["%c+/G 50!(!2%/%2+/G ,a.!c! $ab!. !/a,a.!c%+: c+* /1/(1c$a/ /+b.! c1+0a/ ! ,.+0!cc%* a( c%*! + (a"%cc%* /!.%a(: 5 c+* !((a (a ,+(a.%6ac%* a#1a !*0.!,.+1c0+.!/ 5 ca!*a/9 la +,+/%c%* !*0.!)!.ca+ 5 1/1a.%+/ $a %/)%*1%+: ,.+bab(!)!*0!

,+. (a !b%(%a ! (a/ a/+c%ac%+*!/ ! !/0+/(0%)+/9

e* ca)b%+: (a a(%a*6a !*0.! ca!*a/ 5 )1*+,1b(%c%0a.%+ /! $a .!/-1!b.a&a+: )+/0.a*+ (a+,+/%c%* ,a.c%a( ! %*0!.!/!/: a1*-1!#!*!.a()!*0! (+/ ac+*0!c%)%!*0+/ )a.c$!* !*b!*!"%c%+ ! (a/ ,.%)!.a/9 y /! )a*0%!*! ca*!*0!:/%!),.! c.!c%!*0!: (a ,.!/%* ! (+/ #.1,+/,.%2a+/ Da1%+2%/1a(!/ ,!.+ a$+.a 0a)b%]*!/c.%0+/: (a*6a+/ a /1 %2!./%"%cac%* !(!c0.*%ca!* I*0!.*!0D c+*0.a (a "%*a*c%ac%*: (a/ )%/%+*!/ 5:/+b.! 0++: (a/ +"!.0a/ %#%0a(!/ !( /!.2%c%+,b(%c+: !* 1* ac+/+ /+/,!c$+/+ ! ,!./!#1%. *+/+(+ /1/ %*#.!/+/ c+)!.c%a(!/: /%*+ 0a)b%]* /1a1%!*c%a 5 /1 0.a/(ac%* a( )1*+ %#%0a(: !/ !c%.:/1 ,.+,%a !4%/0!*c%a "101.a9

e* !"%*%0%2a: (a c+*0.a%cc%* ,.%*c%,a( !* (a/

,+(_0%ca/ !1.+,!a/ !/ $+5 (a -1! +,+*! (a (#%ca,1.a ! )!.ca+ a (a !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+ + !(0!.c!. /!c0+. *+ (1c.a0%2+9 y !* !/0a c+*".+*0ac%*:/! c+),.1!ba 1*a !/2%ac%* a "a2+. ! (a ,.%)!.a5 !* c+*0.a ! (+/ /!#1*+/ -1! *+ $a !&a+ !c.!c!. !/! (a ]caa ! SSJ: ,!.+ -1! a,a.!c!c+)+ a#%#a*0aa !* (+/ a`+/ LJJJ: 0a*0+ ,+.acc%+*!/ c+)+ ,+. +)%/%+*!/: /%* -1! !( %/c1./+

+"%c%a( ((!#1! *1*ca a .!c+*+c!. ab%!.0a)!*0! !/0!5a ,.+"1*+ !/!-1%(%b.%+9

A/_: !* )a0!.%a ! .!#1(ac%*: (a C+)%/%*e1.+,!a )1!/0.a 1*a *+0ab(! 5 caa 2!6 )[/%*/a(2ab(! %/0a*c%a !*0.! 1*a ,+(_0%ca b(a*aG:

a,(%caa a( )!.ca+ a1%+2%/1a( !1.+,!+ 5 /+b.!0++ a /1/ #.a*!/ ac0+.!/ ,.%2a+/ ?ca!*a/ !0!(!2%/%*: #.1,+/ a1%+2%/1a(!/ 5 )1(0%)!%a@: !*(a -1! !( !b%(%0a)%!*0+ ! (a/ .!#(a/ /! ac+),a/a! 1* ca*0+ c.!c%!*0! a (a a10+.!#1(ac%*G: 5 1*a,+(_0%ca caa 2!6 )[/ 1.aG 5 c+*/0.%c0%2a /+b.! (a"%*a*c%ac%*: (a/ )%/%+*!/ 5 (+/ /!.2%c%+/ +".!c%+/,+. (+/ ((a)a+/ a$+.a /!.2%c%+/ !c+*)%c+/ !%*0!.]/ #!*!.a(G ?a*0!/ /!.2%c%+/ ,b(%c+/ !.a%+%"1/%*@9

u* +b(! .a/!.+ c15a %/0a*c%a /! ac.!c%!*0a /%/! ,%!*/a !* !( aba*+*+ !/! SSL ?c+* !( L"b+(Ve+de ,(b+e % c('ce'-+c"' 2 e% )%.+%",&( e' %(,

&ed"(, de c(&.'"cc"'@ ! 0++ %*0!*0+ !c+*0.+( + (%)%0ac%* ! (a/ ,+/%c%+*!/ +)%*a*0!/!* !( ca),+ ,.%2a+: ,!/! a *1)!.+/a/,.+c(a)ac%+*!/ !( Pa.(a)!*0+ !* /!*0%+

c+*0.a.%+< + !* (a a)b%#!a ca(c1(aa /+b.! (a!"%*%c%* +"%c%a( ,+. caa ,a_/ /+b.! (a ,.+1cc%*%*!,!*%!*0!: 2%0a( ,a.a a,(%ca. /1/ )!%a/ !,.+0!cc%* 5 a,+5+9

la !"!*/a 5 ,.+0!cc%* ! (+/ !.!c$+/ !(c+*/1)%+.: !( ,(1.a(%/)+ 5 (a %2!./%a c1(01.a( a(/!.2%c%+ !( c%1aa*+: (a ,.+0!cc%* ! (+/c.!a+.!/ 5 ,.+1c0+.!/ a1%+2%/1a(!/ !1.+,!+/ !%*c(1/+ (+/ %*0!.!/!/ !( )1*+ ,1b(%c%0a.%+ ?,!/! a/1 .!(!2a*c%a !c+*)%ca@ ,a.!c!* .!0.+c!!.*+0ab(!)!*0! ".!*0! a (a ca,ac%a ! %(bb2 ! (+/#.a*!/ #.1,+/ )!%[0%c+/: !* )!%+ ! 1*a"%(+/+"_a -1! ,a.!c! ,.+5!c0a. a *%2!( !1.+,!+ (a"%(+/+"_a ! (+/ ca),!+*!/ )!%[0%c+/ 5c1(01.a(!/G: (+/ #.a*!/ #.1,+/ c15a 0a((a 5 ,+!.c.!c%!*0!/ !"!*!.[* /1,1!/0a)!*0! a (a c1(01.aDa (a !c+*+)_aD !1.+,!a !* (a 1.a c+),!0!*c%a

#(+ba(9la !/ca/a a)b%c%* "%*a*c%!.a ! (+/ ,.+#.a)a/

c1(01.a(!/ )[/ !)b(!)[0%c+/ ! (a u*%* .!/1(0ac+$!.!*0! c+* !/+/ ,.+c!/+/: a1*-1! c$+ca".+*0a()!*0! c+* !( %/c1./+ +"%c%a( /+b.! (a%),+.0a*c%a ! (a C1(01.a ,a.a !( c.!c%)%!*0+ 5 !(!/a..+((+ !1.+,!+ "101.+: /%* -1! !( %/c1./+.!*+2a+ /+b.! (a/ I*1/0.%a/ C.!a0%2a/ 5 /1

0.a/c!*!*c%a $a5a* $!c$+ )!((a a(#1*a !* !/+/!),!`+/ ,+(_0%c+!c+*)%c+/9

La nica regulacin

efectiva y obligatoria en

el mbito audiovisual

europeo es la Directiva

de Televisin Sin

Fronteras de *.-.

TELOS 91 | LS

autor invitado


31/173

C+)+ )1!/0.a* (+/ ,.+5!c0+/ ".1/0.a+/ /+b.!(a %*0!#.ac%* !( ,.+#.a)a MedIA !* ,(a*!/ !c.!a0%2%a + (a/ !(1c1b.ac%+*!/ /+b.! !( "101.+

!( ,.+#.a)a C1(01.a c+)+ ,(a0a"+.)a ,a.a (a,.+)+c%* ! (a/ ICR: (a 0!*!*c%a 2a )[/ $ac%a1*a %/,!./%* ! /1/ ,.!/1,1!/0+/ !* *1!2+/+b&!0%2+/ 5 /!c0+.!/ c.!a0%2+/G -1! !* !( /!*0%+! 1* %*c.!)!*0+ /1/0a*c%a( ! /1/ "+*+/: -1!a)!*a6a* %*c(1/+ 2!./! c+* a"!c0a+/ ,+..!c+.0!/ &1/0%"%ca+/ ,+. (a c.%/%/9 e( a*[(%/%/ !(+/ +c1)!*0+/ ,.%*c%,a(!/ ! (a !/0.a0!#%ae1.+,a LJLJ: +*! (a/ ICR +c1,a* 1*a ,+/%c%*c(a.a)!*0! )a.#%*a(: !2%!*c%a !/0a/ #.a2!/,a.a+&a/ ! (a C+)%/%* e1.+,!a9 la c(a)+.+/aa1/!*c%a ! 0++ ,a,!( ,a.a !( /!.2%c%+ ,b(%c+!* !/a ,.+)+c%* ! (a c.!a0%2%a !1.+,!a!*1*c%a (a /1,.!)ac_a ! (+/ c.%0!.%+/%!+(#%c+/ ,+. !*c%)a ! 0+a b/-1!a !!"%cac%a9

Concl"ion( in#!igar la Ind"!riaCra!i#a

la ,.1!*c%a ! (+/ +c1)!*0+/ ! (a C+)%/%*+ ! /1/ %*"+.)!/ !*ca.#a+/ a (a c+*/1(0+.a KeA:a( $1%. ! (a !(!"a*0%a/%/ $ab%01a( ! (a/ ICR: )!.!c!c%!.0a)!*0! a0!*c%*9 A( %*c(1%. !* !/! ,!._)!0.+/+(+ a (a ,1b(%c%a 5 a( %/!`+ ?,1!/0+ -1! (aa.-1%0!c01.a c.!a0%2a ,+._a %*c(1%./! !* !/0!(0%)+@: %"!.!*c%[*+(+/ c(a.a)!*0! ! (a c1(01.a5 ! (a/ I*1/0.%a/ C1(01.a(!/: (a ue ,a.!c! !/0a.((a)a*+ (a a0!*c%* /+b.! (a c.!c%!*0!%),+.0a*c%a !/0.a0]#%ca ! (a c1(01.a c+)+$!..a)%!*0a ,a.a %*a)%6a. /!c0+.!/ 5 ac0%2%a!/*+ c1(01.a(!/ a 0.a2]/ ! +/ .!/+.0!/ -1! $a*#+6a+ ! %*/1"%c%!*0! a0!*c%* !* (a %*2!/0%#ac%*aca])%ca: a( )!*+/ !* (+ -1! /! .!"%!.! a /1 ,!/+!c+*)%c+ 5 /+c%a(: a /1/ c+*%c%+*!/ !

!/a..+((+ 5 /1/ !/0.1c01.a/ !1.+,!a/9 l+/+.,.!*!*0! !* !/0! )a.c+ !/ -1! (a ue *+ $a5a.!a(%6a+ + !*ca.#a+ %*"+.)!/ !),_.%c+/c+*c.!0+/ /+b.! (a .!a(%a ! !/+/ /!c0+.!/ !*

e1.+,a: -1! "1*a)!*0a.a* )!%a/ + ,.+#.a)a/!/,!c_"%c+/ ! a,+5+ ,a.a !( "101.+9

F.!*0! a %*"+.)!/ c+)+ !( c%0a+ ! KeA !

LJJS: c15+ ca.[c0!. $!1._/0%c+G 5 !0].!+: c+*a,!(ac%* a (+ %..ac%+*a( 5 (+ /!*0%)!*0a(: /%*0.aba&+ ! ca),+ a(#1*+: *+ a,.+ba._a *1*cac+)+ 0!/%/ +c0+.a( !* *%*#1*a 1*%2!./%a!1.+,!a: *+ ,a.!c! -1! "1!.a 0a* c+),(%ca+.!a(%6a. 1* a10]*0%c+ !/01%+ !),_.%c+ /+b.! (a,1b(%c%a 5 !( %/!`+: a*a(%6a*+ /1 ,!/+!c+*)%c+ .!a(: a2a*6a*+ /1 a*[(%/%/

telos 91-identidad digital

Documents