tenses in english

25
TENSES IN ENGLISH TENSES ARE RELATED TO TIME

Upload: vkfzr

Post on 20-Jul-2016

53 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

DESCRIPTION

Tenses in English

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Tenses in English

TENSES IN ENGLISH

TENSES ARE RELATED TO TIME

Page 2: Tenses in English

THREE MAIN TENSES

EACH TENSE HAS FOUR CATEGORIESSIMPLE/INDEFINITE: PRESENT, PAST, FUTURECONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE:PRESENT, PAST, FUTUREPERFECT: PRESENT, PAST, FUTUREPERFECT CONTINUOUS: PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE

PRESENT

FUTUREPAST

Page 3: Tenses in English

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSEIn this tense first form of verb (v1)is used or v1 is used with ‘s’ or ‘es’; if the subject is singular we use ‘s’ and ‘es’ if subject is plural.USE: action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or scheduleEXAMPLES:

I PLAY Affirmative/Negative/Question A: He speaks. OR They speaks

N: He does not speak. They do not speak.Q: Does he speak? Do not the speak

SIGNAL WORDS: always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually

if sentences type I (If I talk, …)

Page 4: Tenses in English

PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE

IS, AM ARE+ V1+ ‘ING’ IS USED IN THIS TENSEUSE: action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the futureEXAMPLES:I AM PLAYING, IT IS RAINING.

Affirmative/Negative/QuestionA: He is speaking.N: He is not speaking.Q: Is he speaking?SIGNAL WORDS: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now

Page 5: Tenses in English

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

HAS /HAVE +PAST PARTCIPLEUSES: putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place EXAMPLES: I HAVE PLAYEDA: He has spoken.N: He has not spoken.Q: Has he spoken? SIGNAL WORDS:already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

Page 6: Tenses in English

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

IN THIS TENSE WE USE HAS /HAVE + BEEN+ PRESENT PARTICIPLE.USE: putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the

result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the presentEXAMPLES: I HAVE BEEN PLAYING FOR TWO HOURS. A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been speaking.Q: Has he been speaking?

SIGNAL WORDS: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

Page 7: Tenses in English

SIMPLE PAST OR PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

In simple past tense second form of verb is used (V2)USE: action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another actionEXAMPLES: I PLAYED, IT RAINED LAST NIGHT.

A: He spoke.N: He did not speak.Q: Did he speak

SIGNAL WORDS:yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday

if sentence type II (If I talked, …)

Page 8: Tenses in English

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE WAS/WERE+V1+ ‘ING’ IS USEDUSE: action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another

actionEXAMPLES: It was raining yesterday at this time.

A: He was speaking.N: He was not speaking.Q: Was he speaking?

SIGNAL WORDS: when, while, as long as

Page 9: Tenses in English

PAST PERFECT TENSEHAD+ PAST PARTICIPLEUSES: action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)EXAMPLES: I HAVE PLAYED A: He had spoken.N: He had not spoken.Q: Had he spokenSIGNAL WORDS:already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day

if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)

Page 10: Tenses in English

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HAD+BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLEUSE: action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an actionEXAMPLES: I HAD BEEN PLAYING FOR TWO HOURS.,WHEN I VISITED HIM, HE HAD BEEN TEACHING THERE FOR LAST

FIVE YEARS.

A: He had been speaking.N: He had not been speaking.Q: Had he been speaking?

SIGNAL WORDS:for, since, the whole day, all day

Page 11: Tenses in English

SIMPLE FUTURE/ FUTURE 1 SIMPLETENSE

Will + Present(first) form of the verb(V1) is used in this tense.USE: action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the futureEXAMPLES: I WILL PLAY.A: He will speak.

N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?

SIGNAL WORDS: in a year, next …, tomorrowIf-Type I (If you ask her, she will help you.)assumption: I think, probably, perhaps

Page 12: Tenses in English

FUTURE 1 SIMPLE (going to)

USE: decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the futureEXAMPLES: A: He is going to speak.

N: He is not going to speak.Q: Is he going to speak?

SIGNAL WORDS: in one year, next week, tomorrow

Page 13: Tenses in English

FUTURE 1 CONTINUOUSUSES: action that is going on at a certain time in the

future action that is sure to happen in the near future.EXAMPLES:I WILL BE PLAYINGIt looks it will rain tomorrow. A: He will be speaking.

N: He will not be speaking.Q: Will he be speaking

SIGNAL WORDS: in one year, next week, tomorrow

Page 14: Tenses in English

FUTURE PERFECT TENSEIN THIS TYPE OF TENSE WIILL/ SHALL + HAVE+ PAST

PARTICIPLE IS USED.USE: To describe an action that will be completed by some point

of time in the future EXAMPLE: I will have played. He will have left before you reach.

Page 15: Tenses in English

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

WILL HAVE BEEN+ PRESENT PARTICIPLE IS USED IN THIS TYPE

OF TENSE.USE:To describe an action that will be progress even after a

given pointof time.EXAMPLE: I WILL HAVE BEEN PLAYING FROE 2 HOURS AT 2 O’

CLOCK. BY NEXT DECEMBER WE WILL HAVE BEEN LIVING HERE FOR FIVE YEARS.

Page 16: Tenses in English

FUTURE II SIMPLE

USE: action that will be finished at a certain

time in the future.EXAMPLES: A: He will have spoken.

N: He will not have spoken.Q: Will he have spoken

SIGNAL WORDS: by Monday, in a week

Page 17: Tenses in English

FUTURE II CONTINUOUS

USE: action taking place before a certain time in

the future putting emphasis on the course of an actionEXAMPLES A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been speaking.Q: Will he have been speaking?

SIGNAL WORDS : for …, the last couple of hours, all day long

Page 18: Tenses in English

CONDITIONAL I SIMPLE

USE: action that might take placeEXAMPLES: A: He would speak.

N: He would not speak.Q: Would he speak

SIGNAL WORDS: if sentences type II

(If I were you, I would go home.)

Page 19: Tenses in English

CONDITIONAL I PROGRESSIVE

USE: action that might take place putting emphasis on the course /

duration of the actionEXAMPLES: A: He would be speaking.

N: He would not be speaking.Q: Would he be speaking?

Page 20: Tenses in English

CONDITIONAL II SIMPLEUSE: action that might have taken place in the

pastEXAMPLES: A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.Q: Would he have spoken?

SIGNAL WORDS: if sentences type III

(If I had seen that, I would have helped)

Page 21: Tenses in English

CONDITIONAL II PROGRESSIVE

USE: action that might have taken place in the

past puts emphasis on the course / duration

of the actionEXAMPLES: A: He would have been speaking.

N: He would not have been speaking.Q: Would he have been speaking?

Page 22: Tenses in English

RECAPITULATIONPRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT:

I/we/they/you READ.He/She/It READS.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:I am READING, You /They are

READING

PRESENT PERFECT

I/WE HAVE READHE /SHE HAS READ

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I /WE HAVE BEEN READINGHE/SHE HAS BEEN

READING

Page 23: Tenses in English

PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PASTI/ WE/SHE READ IT

PAST CONTINUOUSI /SHE WAS

WE /THEY WERE READING

PAST PERFECTI/SHE HAS

WE/THEY HAVE READ THE BOOK LAST WEEK

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I /SHE/WE HAD BEEN READING THE BOOK WHEN THE TEACHERWENT INTO

THE CLASSROOM

Page 24: Tenses in English

FUTURE TENSESIMPLE FUTURE

I/ WE/ SHE/THE WILL READ BOOK

TOMORROW

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

HE/ SHE/THEY WILL BE READING THE BOOK

SOON

FUTURE PERFECTI/ WE/THEY WILL HAVE READ THE

BOOK BY NEXT WEEK

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I/ WE/ SHE WILL HAVE BEEN READING THE BOOK

FOR FIVE DAYS NOW.

Page 25: Tenses in English

THANK YOU