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8/8/2019 Tenses Virender

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TENSES


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Topic Overview

Introduction

Types of Time

Types of Tenses

Uses

Subject verb agreement for present perfect


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WHAT ARE TENSES ?

Tenses refers to a change in the verb

to reflect a change in time


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TYPES OF TIME

PRESENTPAST FUTURE


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TENSES ARE OF 4 TYPES

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous


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SIMPLE PRESENTThis tense is used to describe actions which take

place in the present. But no definite time is given.

SUB + V1 (s/es)

Examples :

Suresh writes neatly.

Mona plays football.


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PRESENT CONTINUOUSThis tense describes actions which continue or go on for some

time in the present

SUB + IS/AM/ARE + V1 + ING

Examples :

I am teaching grammar.

We are studying tenses.


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SIMPLE PAST

Examples:

Hi Rahul . Where were you yesterday?

Iwent to my village.

Did you enjoy ?

Oh ! Ienjoyed so much that Ididnt want to return.

Simple past tense describes an action that took place at atime in the past.

SUB + V2


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PAST CONTINUOUS

This tense describes actions which continued or were going on

for some time in the past.

SUB + WAS / WERE + V1 + ING

Examples :

C

hildren were playing in the park yesterday.

I was sleeping when you called.


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PRESENT PERFECTThis tense is used for actions which start and finish in thepresent time.

SUB + HA

S / HA

VE + V3

It is used in the following circumstances:

When an action is completed in the near present or just now.

When an action started earlier and continued up till the momentof speaking.

When an action happened earlier but its effect is there in thepresent.


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Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used for actions which started earlier and are

going on in the present. (no information is given about when

they will finish)

SUB + HAS / HAVE + V1 + ING

Examples :

I have been playing for two hours.

James has been teaching at the university since June.


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Past perfectThis tense is used for actions that finished in the past ,but

even before another action in past only.

SUB + HAD + V3

Example :

I had solved the sum when the class began.

sum solved class began now

_____|_________________|____________|

10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 11 a.m.past in past past present

< - time line - >


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Past perfect continuousThis tense is used to describe actions that started at a time in

the past and continued for sometime in the past only.

SUB + HAD + BEEN + V1 + ING

Examples :

I had been working for ten hours before leaving the office.

They had been talking for over an hour.


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Simple Future

Simple future describes an action which will take place at a time inthe future.

SUB + WILL/SHA

LL + V1

Examples :

I shall play in the evening. (intention)

Brazil will win the match. (prediction)


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Future Continuous

This tense is used to describe actions which continue for some

time in the future.

SUB + WILL / SHALL + BE + V1 + ING

Examples :

Ishall be packing for the journey later.

Mridul will be coming home in the evening.


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Future Perfect

This tense is used for actions which will finish by a certain time

in future.

SUB + WILL / SHALL +HAVE + V3

Examples :

I shall have finished the painting by Wednesday.

By next November, Iwill have received my promotion.


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Future perfect continuousThis tense is used when before a particular time in the future,

an action starts and continues after that time also.

SUB + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + V1 + ING

Example:

You will have been waiting for more than two hours when herplane finally arrives.


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USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS

Past continuous is also used to describe a time period withinwhich an action took place.

was/were + v1+ing

Examples:

Ramesh was studying when Rohan returned.

You were studying when she called.


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Simple Future Tense

Simple future describes an action which will take place in future.

will + v1

Examples :

I will bake a cake in the evening.

I shall study on Sunday.


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Future continuous is used when an action is described in relation toa future time around which that action will be going on.

will be + v1 + ing

Examples :

When you return, Iwill be baking a cake.

Dont come on Sunday as I shall be studying.

Continuous future tense


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When there are two actions, both in past, then past perfect tense

is used to describe the action which took place first and simple

past tense is used to describe the action which took place later.

had + v1 + d/ed

Example :

John had cooked (past perfect) the meal whenthe guests

arrived(simple past).

Use of past perfect


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Difference between since and for

Uses of SINCESince is used when we know only the point in time when the

action began.

Examples:

Morning , Monday, 1997 etc.

It shows the time when the action began.

Example :

I have been studying since morning.


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Uses of FORFor is used when we know the point when the action began and

the period for which it continued

Examples:

Two hours, 10 days, century

It answers the following question

For how much time did the action continue ?Example:

I have been studying for five days.


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UBJECT-VERB AGREMENT FOR SIMPLE PRESENT

PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1st person

(the person speaking) verbI play

verbWe play

2nd person

(the person spoken to)verb

You play

verb

You play3rd person

(the person spoken to)Verb + s/esHe/she/ it/ name plays

Bare verb

They play


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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PERSON VERB

1st person

I / we

Am + verb + ing

Am painting2nd person

You

Are + verb + ing

Are

3rd

personHe/she/ it/ they/ name

Is/are + verb +ingHe/she/it/name is

painting.

They are painting.


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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PAST CONTINUOUS

Person Singular Plural

1st I was We were

2nd You were You were

3rd He/she/it/

name was

They were


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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT PERFECT

PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1ST I have We have

2nd You have You have

3rd He/she/it/

name has

They have


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Thanks...

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