Text A

A Friend in Need

Unit 5 cruelty

Teaching scheduleTeaching schedule

Pre-reading Lead-in and background information Text Organization Language Points in Part 1&2 While Reading Tasks Assignments

Pre-reading taskPre-reading task What’s the meaning of the word “cruel”?

Can you think of some similar words of “cruel”?

E.g. a cruel step-mother cold-blooded, brutal, ruthless, inhumane,

indifferent, merciless, mean, unkind

What do you think are the determining forces in shaping human nature ?

e.g. genes, family, parenting, schooling, peers, socioeconomic factors.

威廉 · 萨默赛特 · 毛姆

William Somerset Maugham

Background informationBackground information Somerset Maugham (1874-1965): English author, whose novels and short st

ories are characterized by great narrative facility, simplicity of style, and a disillusioned and ironic point of view. His partially autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage 《人性的枷锁》 (1915) is generally acknowledged as his masterpiece and is one of the best realistic English novels of the early 20th century. Among the collections of his short stories are The Trembling of a Leaf 《叶之震颤》 (1921). He also wrote sarcastic comedies and two autobiographies.

A Friend in NeedA Friend in Need

Look at the title of text A and then predict what the text is about, or what kinds of plot are possible under such a title.

Read a story and translate it: A Bear and Two Travelers

Two man were traveling together, when a bear suddenly met them on their path. One of them climbed up quickly into a tree and concealed himself in the branches. The other, seeing that he must  be attacked, fell flat on the ground, and when the bear came up and felt him with his snout, and smelt him all over, he held his breath, and feigned the appearance of death as much as he could. The bear soon left him, for it is said he will not touch a dead body.  When he was quite gone, the other traveler descended from the tree, and jocularly inquired of his friend what it was the bear had whispered in his ear. “He gave me this advice” , his companion replied. "Never travel with a friend who deserts you at the approach of danger." Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.      

 

Text organizationText organization

Parts Paragraphs Main ideas

Part one Para 1

Part two Paras 2-3

Part three Paras 4-51

deceptive (Preface)deceptive (Preface) likely to deceive; misleading 骗人的 , 靠不

住的 , 虚伪的 (green words) e.g. Appearances are deceptive. 不可貌相 The newspapers promised not to run d

eceptive ads in the future. 报纸承诺今后不再刊登骗人的广告 . Word family: deceptively adv. deceive v. 欺骗 deception n. 欺骗 , 诡计

Phrases: deceive sb. into doing sth . 骗某人做某事 E.g. 他骗她，使她相信他会开汽车。 He deceived her into thinking he could

drive a car. deceive sb. with fair words

用花言巧语欺骗某人

definite (line 12)definite (line 12) clear; that can’t be doubted 有明确界限的；明确的 e.g. I was wandering round the shop with no very def

inite aim. 我在商店周围毫无目的地闲逛着 . Doctors have found a definite link between smok

ing and lung cancer. 医生们发现吸烟和肺癌有着确切的联系 . I want an appointment for a time and place. A. definite B. delicious C. digital D. durable [A] definite 确定的，明确地 ; delicious 美味的 ; digit

al 数字的； durable 持久的，耐久的，不能同时修饰时间和地点。

(all) of a piece (line (all) of a piece (line 12)12)

the same in all parts; the same as sth. else 表里如一 , 浑然一体，一致 e.g. The style of the book is all of a piece, in

both illustrations and text. 这本书的说明和正文完全一致 . all of a piece = all of one piece master piece 杰作 ; 杰出的事 tear to pieces 撕碎 ; 彻底摧毁 ; 痛斥

in accordance within accordance with (line 16) (line 16) in agreement or harmony with e.g. Some young people are self-centered, whic

h is not in accordance with Chinese traditional values.

一些年轻人以自我为中心 , 这不符合中国的传统价值观 .

act in accordance with the rules 根据条例行事 accord vt., vi. 1) （常与 with 连用）一致；符合 e.g. What you have just said does not accord wi

th what we have learned from the witnesses. 你刚才说的和我们从目击者们那里了解到的不

一致。

2) 给与 e.g. We accorded him a hearty welcome. 我们给与他热烈的欢迎。 3)according to 根据 e.g. Most students study and rest according

to schedules. 大多数学生按照时间表作息。 The tenant must be prepared to decorate the h

ouse the terms of the contract. [CET-6 2001.6]

A. in collaboration with B. in accordance with C. in the vicinity of D. in quest of

[B] in collaboration with 与……合作； in accordance with 依据 ...... ，根据……； in the vicinity of 在……附近； in quest of 寻找

elderlyelderly (line 25) (line 25)

a. people rather old; past middle age 较老的 e.g. to be getting elderly 年纪渐老 page 172 , 3 [ 考点 ] elder, eldest elder a. 年龄较大的 E.g. my elder brother eldest a. 年龄最大的 E.g. I am the eldest in the family. 我是兄弟姐妹中最大的 .

evidently (line 26)evidently (line 26) obviously; it appears that 明显地 , 显然地 e.g. Evidently our living conditions are much bet

ter than before.

我们的生活条件很明显比以前好多了 . Word family:

evident a. 明显的evidence n. 迹象，证据

[ 考点 ] evident, obvious, apparent

evident 多用于推理及抽象的事 , 指明显的 . e.g. It's evident that the plan is impracticable. 很明显这计划是不能实现的。 obvious 指容易知道或发现 , 无须解释或证明 e.g. It's obvious that a man isn't strong enough

to lift an elephant. 很明显 , 一个人是不能举起大象的。 apparent “ 一目了然” e.g. It's apparent that you can't be trusted. 很显然 , 你是不可信赖的。

mild (line 28)mild (line 28) (of people or their manner) gentle and kind;

not severe or harsh 和善的；温柔的 ; 不严重的；轻微的 ; 不烈的；

不苦的；淡味的 e.g. He has a mild nature. 他性格温和。 The weather is mild today ； it is neithe

r hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。 The patient has a mild fever. 病人有点儿轻微的发烧。

instinct (line 35)instinct (line 35) a tendency that one is born with to behave in a

certain way without reasoning or training 本能 , 直觉

e.g. It is the mother’s instinct to protect her children.

保护孩子是母亲的本能 . Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鸟学飞出自本能。 Trust your instinct and do what you think is

right. 相信你的直觉 , 按你自已认为对的去做 Page 173, 15

Phrases:

act on instinct

凭直觉行动 by instinct

出于本能have an instinct for

生来就有 ... 的本能 , 生性爱好

instinctive adj 本能的，直觉得

Main idea of Part 1&2Main idea of Part 1&2

Part 1 ?

It is no easy job to judge people, for they aren’t always what they appear to be.

Part 2 ?

Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.

Difficult SentenceDifficult Sentence

译文：这个人非常吸引你，因为你能感觉到他对他的朋友的真正的爱。

解析：这句话可以理解成： Here was a man attracting you because you felt his real love for his fellow.

此句有三个特点，一是 Here be + 倒装句，二是 who 引导的定语从句，三是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellow. (Line 29-30)

Questions for Part1&2Questions for Part1&2 1. What kind person Edward Hyde Burton

is? ( paragraph 1-2) Please describe him in detail. (Pay attention to his appearance, manner, or behavior.)

2. What struck the narrator most about Edward Burton? How does the narrator describe this obvious side to Burton’s character? (Paragraph 3)

Key: Line26-Line31

AssignmentAssignment

1. Review the new words and phrases we have learnt today.

2. Preview the third part of text A and do the exercises of Unit 5.

Unit Five Unit Five CrueltyCruelty

Text A A Friend in Need

Teaching scheduleTeaching schedule

Language review Text analysis of Part 2 and Part 3

New words and expressions Questions for comprehension

Assignments

Language ReviewLanguage Review 1. Tigers are ____ by nature. A. cruel B. crude C. cruelty D. crudity 2. We will act in accordance ____ the rules. A. of B. with C. to D. in 3. He has too ____ a nature to get angry, even if

he has good cause. A. middle B. medium C. moist D. mild 4. Birds learn to fly ____ instinct. A. at B. on C. in D. by 5. Has the book got any ____ parts to it ? A. spice B. spicy C. spider D. spidery

Part 3 (Para4-51)Part 3 (Para4-51)

Step. 1. Analysis of some important words

Step. 2. Time for you to read this part by yourselves (Listen to the record)

Step. 3. Questions for this part

clap (line 40)clap (line 40) Strike (the inner surface of one’s hands) together

拍手，鼓掌 e.g. page 172, 2 clap eyes on 看见 E.g. It's many years since I clapped eyes on him. 自从我看见过他已经很多年了 . The audience at the end of the play. A. clashed B. clapped C. clarified D. clasped 答案： [B] clash 碰撞，交锋； clarify 使清楚，澄清； clasp抱住，搂住

applaud 鼓掌

in a way ( line 57)in a way ( line 57) to a certain extent but not entirely 在某种程度上

e.g. page 172, 1 1). I like the new style, in a way. 某种程度上我喜欢这些新款式 2). 从某一点上看你是对的。 In a way, you’re right.Related phrases

in the way by way of one the way/on one’s way go out of the way

with (a) bad/good grace with (a) bad/good grace (line 64)(line 64)

unwillingly and rudely/willingly and happily勉强地 ,欣然地

e.g. After I talked to him for an hour, he admitted his mistake with bad/ill grace.

跟他谈了一小时后，他勉强承认了他的错误 . Page 173, 14 Related Phrases:

have the grace to (do) 有 ... 的雅量 , 有勇气 ... with an easy grace 态度自若

stroke (line 64)stroke (line 64) v. pass the hand gently over (a surface), usu. sev

eral times 轻抚 ,抚摩 n. 一击、打击 e.g. I reached out and stroked the baby’s cheek t

enderly. 我伸出手去轻轻抚摩婴儿的脸蛋 . Related Phrases:

on the stroke of at the stroke of midnight a stroke of lightning. a stroke of luck

1. He broke the lock with one stroke of the hammer.

2. He was putting the finishing stroke to the portrait.

3. Can you do back stroke?

4. She arrived on the stroke of six.

5. She had a stroke and was unable to walk again.

6. She gave the cat a stroke.

What does “stroke” mean in the following What does “stroke” mean in the following sentences?sentences?

一击

一笔，一划

钟的敲声

中风轻抚

游泳或划船的方法

It took us only a few hours to the paper off all four walls.[CET-6 2000.1]

A. shear B. scrape C. stroke D. chip

答案： [B] shear 剪，修剪，剪切； scrape 刮，擦，擦掉； stroke 作名词“一击，打击”，作动词“抚摸”； chip削成碎片

transparenttransparent (line 65) (line 65) adj. allowing light to pass through so that objec

ts behind can be seen clearly 透明的 e.g. Page 172, 9 E.g. The meaning of this passage seems quite

transparent.

这一段的意思看来是相当清楚的。 trans-: 横过、贯穿 e.g. translation, transportation, transmission, tr

ansplant, transfer, transform…

go broke (line 67)go broke (line 67) have no money; go bankrupt 破产 , 一文不名 e.g. Many multinational companies went bro

ke during the financial crisis, not to speak of small businesses.

很多跨国公司在金融危机期间都破产了，更不用说小公司了 .

Related Phrase: go for broke

全力以赴 ; 孤注一掷

stick to (line 80)stick to (line 80)

refuse to abandon or change (sth.)坚持 e.g. The old man stuck to jogging every mo

rning although he was eighty years old.

那个老人虽然已经 80 岁了 , 每天早上还坚持慢跑 .

stick ,adhere, cohere ,cling

stick 指“用某种粘结物使粘着或结合在一起 " E.g. He always sticks to his word. 他总是信守诺言 adhere 指“自动地或义务地忠于一理想、事业、领导人等 "

E.g. adhere to the Party's policy 坚持党的方针 cohere 指“粘合在一起 "、“团结一致 " E.g. There are moral principles by which society

coheres. 有些道德法则使社会得以团结一致 cling 指“紧抱 "、“坚守 " E.g. cling to one's own view. 坚持己见。

commit (line 83)commit (line 83) 1)do (sth. illegal or wrong) 犯错误 /罪 , 做 (坏事 ) e.g. page 173, 13 2)to make known the views of (oneself) on an iss

ue: 表达个人的意见 e.g. I never commit myself on such issues. 我从未对这些问题表示过意见。 3) to bind or obligate, as by a pledge 承诺；约定；束缚

eg. he was too young to commit fully to marriage.

他太年轻不能完全承担结婚的义务 .

Word family: committed a. 忠诚的、效忠的 commitment n. 许诺，保证

Phrases: commit an error commit a crime commit suicide commit oneself on 对 ... 表态 commit oneself to 委身于， 专心致志于

insane (line 92)insane (line 92) (informal) very foolish 愚蠢的 ,荒唐的 e.g. an insane laugh 疯笑；

insane babbling 疯言乱语 an insane asylum 疯人院 insane jealousy 疯狂的妒嫉

Oceans apart day after day, and I slowly go insane. (Right Here Waiting For You)

current (line 105)current (line 105) 1) continuous flow of water or air in a particular

direction流 ,潮流 e.g. page 172, 7 2) adj. 现时的；当今的；时下的

current events; current leaders 时事；现任领导人 current negotiations 正在进行的谈判 current bills and coins 流通的支票和货币 current fashions 流行时尚

典型考题： Although he was a strong swimmer, he was sw

ept away by the and drowned.

A. current B. motion C. pressure D. air 答案： [A]

current水流，激流； motion 动，运动； pressure压力

turn up (line 121)turn up (line 121) arrive; make one’s appearance 来到 , 出现 E.g. 1). I'm sure your watch will turn up one of

these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到 . 2). I can't hear the radio very well; could y

ou turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不太清楚 , 你把声音开大点

行吗 ? Related Phrases: turn down, turn in, turn on,

turn out, turn over, turn to…

constitution (line 124)constitution (line 124) 1) condition of a person’s body with regarded to

health, strength, etc. 体格 , 体质 ,素质 e.g. A boxer must have a strong constitution. 2) 宪法 ; 法规 e.g. According to the American Constitution,

Presidential elections are held every four years. 根据美国宪法，总统选举每隔四年一次。 Phrases: have a good/poor constitution 体质好 /差

rub (line 131)rub (line 131) move one’s hand, an object, etc. backwards an

d forwards repeatedly on a surface while pressing 摩擦 ,揉搓

e.g. page 173, 10 rub elbows / shoulders with

与…密切交往 diplomats rubbing elbows with heads of state.

与国家元首交往密切的外交家 rubber: eraser

Questions for Part 3Questions for Part 3 1. Who was Lenny Burton? How did

Edward Burton get to know him?

He’s a remittance man. He played bridge well. Edward Burton used to play with him a lot.

2. Why did Lenny call at his namesake’s office one day?

Because he was down and out. There was no more money coming from his home and he had had bad luck at cards for some time.

3. What’s idea did Edward think of when Lenny begged again for a job?

He told Lenny that if he could swim from Shioya Club round the beacon and landed at the creek of Tarumi, he would give him a job.

4. When Edward set a condition for offering a job, was he aware Lenny would be drowned? How do you know?

Yes, he did. Because he hadn’t got a vacancy in his office at that moment, he didn’t plan to give a job to him.

What can we learn from What can we learn from the story?the story? Appearance can be deceptive. The true friend is hard to get and we

shouldn’t judge a man from the first impressions.

Assignment Assignment

Prepare for the mid-term Examination. Do the exercises of Unit 5 after class.