The 13 Colonies Religious, Political and Economic Foundations

Objectives

• TLW explain how religion played a role in the founding of the 13 colonies

• TLW compare religious freedom and tolerance in different colonies

Warmup

• Have After the Mayflower Questions in front of you

Review After the Mayflower

• Rate the movie out of 4 stars

• What did you like?

• What did you not like?

• How did After the Mayflower inform you about the relationship between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag?

STAR

STARS

STARS

The 13 Colonies Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Religious Foundations

Background and Beliefs

• Followers wished to purify the Church of England • Rid it of Catholic

practices

• Persecuted in England

• 20,000 Puritan settlers arrived in New England during the 1630’s

• Dominated life in New England in the 1600’s

THE PURITANS

IN MASSACHUSETTS • Settlers in Massachusetts

were required to be church members

• Male ministers held all leadership roles in Massachusetts

• Modesty and simplicity were emphasized in worship

• Other religions were not permitted in Massachusetts

Religious Foundations THE PURITANS

Roger Williams

• A Puritan minister

• Argued for a separation of church and state

• Argued for fair treatment of Native Americans

• Preached tolerance of other religions

• Banished from Massachusetts

• Founded Rhode Island

Religious Foundations THE PURITANS

Anne Hutchinson

• Held and led religious meetings

• Was critical of male leadership of church and government

• Put on trial for witchcraft

• Banished to Rhode Island

• Died in the wilderness

Religious Foundations THE PURITANS

Background & Beliefs • Beliefs

• Men and women are equal in God’s eyes

• Fair treatment of non-Christians

• Pacifism – NO WAR • Tolerance of other religions

• Persecuted in England • William Penn was a

prominent leader • Founded Pennsylvania as a

place for Quakers to worship freely

Religious Foundations THE QUAKERS

Background & Ideas

• Law passed in Maryland

• Maryland was established as a place for Catholics to worship

• Promoted religious freedom for all Christians

Religious Foundations ACT OF TOLERTATION

Warmup

• Get our homework(s) pg 68 and 13 Colonies Map

• Define the vocab words using the glossary in your book (in folders)

• Tolerance

• Representative government

• Legislature

• Constitution

• Subsistence farming

• Tenant farmer

• Plantation

Background • Was the legislature for

Virginia • Legislature = law making

body

• Made up of elected burgesses or representatives

• Male land owners could vote for burgesses

• Burgesses voted on laws and decisions to run the colony

Political Foundations HOUSE OF BURGESSES

BACKGROUND • Shareholders, or land

owners would elect representatives to the court • Landowning males who

belonged to the Puritan church

• The court elected a governor to govern the colony

• Also made laws for the colony

• Ruled as a jury in trials

Political Foundations GENERAL COURT

BACKGROUND

• An early constitution

• A detailed plan for government

• A legislature made up of large landowners was established

• Two houses of legislature

Political Foundations FRAME OF GOVERNMENT

• Describe to your partner the type of climate in New England and how this will relate to farming?

• Easy to grow crops hard?

• Long or short growing season?

• Opportunity to make lots of money?

Economic Foundations NEW ENGLAND

The Land and Climate

• Land was covered by forests.

• Soil was rocky and not very fertile.

• The harsh climate offered a short growing season.

New England’s Economic Activities

• Most settlers were subsistence farmers.

• Small farmers grew enough food for their own needs.

• Sometimes they grew surpluses

• Or extra food which could be traded for goods.

New England’s Economic Activities

• Shipbuilding • Settlers used the forests making ships. • Wood was brought from the country to Boston and

Portsmouth where the ships were built.

New England’s Economic Activities

• Fishing and Whaling • Fish were abundant along the New England coast • Fisherman sometimes worked around the clock in

freezing temperatures • Whaling produced ivory and oil for lamps

PARTNER DISCUSS

• How do you think land in the middle colonies will compare with land in New England?

Economic Foundations THE MIDDLE COLONIES

• Longer growing season

• Chance to produce cash crops

Middle Colonies’ Economic Activities

• The better farm land encouraged farmers to grow cash crops. • Crops sold for money on the

world market.

• mainly wheat, barely, and rye.

• “Breadbasket Colonies” comes from large amounts of wheat and grain produced.

Manor Life in New York

• New York was organized in large estates called manors

• Patroons owned manors along the Hudson River • tenant farmers rented land from the patroons.

• Tenant farmers paid rent to with crops. • Tenant farmers lived off of the rented land

• They also had to produce enough to pay the landlord

• Tenant farmers became angry over their situation

We don’t have enough money to pay rent!

Middle Colonies Economic Activities

• How will the land and climate affect what you can grow and how you can grow it in the Southern Colonies?

Economic Foundations THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

• Better soil • Longer growing seasons • Better suited for cash crops • Plantation system

The Land and Climate

• The climate was warmer and the land was more fertile in the South than in the other colonies.

• People quickly turned to growing cash crops in the South.

The Land and Climate

• The main cash crops • Tobacco; mainly grown in

Maryland, Virginia, and the North Carolina.

• Rice; mainly grown in South Carolina and Georgia.

• Land was organized into plantations in order to grow as much of these crops as possible.

The Land and Climate

• Plantations were usually located in the tidewater region or along major rivers • Tidewater region: area along

the coastal plain in which ocean tides affect water levels.

• Beyond the tidewater is mostly hills and dense forest called the backcountry.

The Backcountry South

• Western Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. • The Shenandoah Valley in Virginia had rich farm land.

• People concentrated on subsistence farming rather than plantation and cash crop farming. • People would grow a variety of things and raise

animals that could be sold in eastern markets

• Many times people from the backcountry would not receive equal representation in colonial governments • Plantation owners in the east held much more power

and shaped government to help themselves.

Bacon’s Rebellion

1. 1676 Rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon

2. Western settlers in the backcountry were being attacked by Indians

1. They felt that House of Burgess and the Governor were of no help

3. Bacon led freed indentured servants and small western farmers to attack Indians and then the planters in the tidewater region

1. Jamestown was burnt down

4. Bacon died of dysentary and the Rebellion ended