the best medicine for the elderly drink and food in shouqin yanglao xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 )...

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The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu (寿 寿寿寿寿) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song to Yuan Lijing Jiang 寿寿寿 Center for Biology and Society Arizona State University

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Page 1: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

The Best Medicine for the ElderlyDrink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng

Literature from Song to Yuan

Lijing Jiang 姜丽婧Center for Biology and Society

Arizona State University

Page 2: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Outline• Introduction of Shouqin Text

• Motivation and Question

• Drink and Food, Spleen-Stomach, and Confucian Thoughts in Volume 1

• Encyclopedic Approach and a Partial Syncretism in Volume 2-4

• Conclusion: Confucian yangsheng in Song-Jin-Yuan Context

Page 3: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Shouqin yanglao xin shu. [The new book for prolonging parents’ life and nourishing the elderly]

陈直,北宋人,生卒年不详, 1085 年前后著卷一,又名《养老奉亲书》。

邹铉,字冰壑,晚号敬直老人,泰宁人,元代人,续增三卷,命名《寿亲养老新书》, 1307 年出版。

Page 4: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Outline• Introduction of Shouqin Text

• Motivation and Question

• Drink and Food, Spleen-Stomach, and Confucian Thoughts in Volume 1

• Encyclopedic Approach and a Partial Syncretism in Volume 2-4

• Conclusion: Confucian yangsheng in Song-Jin-Yuan Context

Page 5: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Molecular Order: The Essence of Life and Immortality?

Page 6: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

• What medical tradition or new medical thought influenced Shouqin text?

• What are the roles of the Neo-Confucianism in the Shouqin text?

Questions

Page 7: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

A Neo-Confucianism in Yuan yangsheng

Page 8: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Outline• Introduction of Shouqin Text

• Motivation and Question

• Drink and Food, Spleen-Stomach, and Confucian Thoughts in Volume 1

• Encyclopedic Approach and a Partial Syncretism in Volume 2-4

• Conclusion: Confucian yangsheng in Song-Jin-Yuan Context

Page 9: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

饮食调治第一

• 主身者神,养气者精,益精者气,资气者食。食者,生民之天,活人之本也。故饮食进则谷气充,谷气充则气血盛,气血盛则筋力强。故脾胃者,五脏之宗也。四脏之气,皆禀于脾。故四时皆以胃气为本。

Page 10: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Spleen-Stomach in the Northern Song Medical Landscape

• Most famously developed later by Li Gao 李杲 (1180—1251).

• Qian Yi 钱乙 (1032-1113)“ 皆脾胃病亡津液之所作也。”

• Xu Shuwei 许叔微 (1079-1154) “ 脾为中州土。”“何谓须用有胃气?缘胃受谷气,谷气生则能生血气,血气壮则荣卫不衰,荣卫不衰则病自去矣。”

Page 11: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Drink and Food Therapy prior to Song

• Sun Simiao 孙思邈 (581—682) “Food Cure” (Shizhi 食治 ) in his influential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold (Qianjin fang 千金方 ), published in Song 1057.

• Meng Shen 孟诜 (621–713)The Materia Medica for Food Therapy (Shiliao bencao 食疗本草 ), extensively cited in Jiayou Bencao ( 嘉佑本草 Materia medica in the time of Jiayou) published in 1060.

Page 12: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Other Characteristics of Drink and Food Therapy in Shouqin Volume 1

• The primacy of food therapy.缘老人之性,皆厌于药而喜于食,以食治疾胜于用药。况是老人之疾,慎于吐利,尤宜用食以治之 .

• Food should be taken according to seasonal changes春属木,主发生…春肝气王,肝属木,其味酸。木能胜土,土属脾主甘。当春之时,其饮食之味,宜减酸益甘,以养脾气 .

• Food and wuxing人取其色味冷热良毒之性归之五行,处以为药,以治诸疾 .

Page 13: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

The Metaphor of Stomach-Spleen as Parents

Page 14: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Filial Piety for the Elderly’s Health

• Filial Piety “ 上合神灵,下契人理”

• To serve the elderly in the family is the goal for Confucian scholar’s medical learning.

Cheng Hao 程颢 (1032-1085)“ 事亲者,不可不知医。”

Zhang Congzheng 张从正 (1217-1222)“ 惟儒者能明辨之,而事亲者不可以不知也。”

Page 15: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Outline• Introduction of Shouqin Text

• Motivation and Question

• Drink and Food, Spleen-Stomach, and Confucian Thoughts in Volume 1

• Encyclopedic Approach and a Partial Syncretism in Volume 2-4

• Conclusion: Confucian yangsheng in Song-Jin-Yuan Context

Page 16: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

An Encyclopedic Approach in Yuan yangsheng

Page 17: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Outline• Introduction of Shouqin Text

• Motivation and Question

• Drink and Food, Spleen-Stomach, and Confucian Thoughts in Volume 1

• Encyclopedic Approach and a Partial Syncretism in Volume 2-4

• Conclusion: Confucian yangsheng in Song-Jin-Yuan Context

Page 18: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Conclusion• The popularization of medical knowledge among the

Confucian scholars in the Northern Song catalyzed the generation of Confucian yangsheng literature.

• Stomach-Spleen and Food discourse was a contingent factor emerging from the medical landscape, that was caught by Confucian yangsheng. The filial piety discourse, however, was more native.

• Zou Xuan’s Encyclopedic Approach finalized a blueprint for later yangsheng literature.

Page 19: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

Acknowledgement

• Professor Hoyt Tillman ( 田浩老师 ).

• Professors and scholars in CSHST, IHNS in CAS, and Tsinghua University.

• Center for Biology and Society, Arizona State University.

Page 20: The Best Medicine for the Elderly Drink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng Literature from Song

The Best Medicine for the ElderlyDrink and Food in Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu ( 寿亲养老新书 ) and the Transformation of Confucian yangsheng

Literature from Song to Yuan

Lijing Jiang 姜丽婧Center for Biology and Society

Arizona State University