the brani sko suc ces sion (ju ras sic–cre ta ceous) in...

S T U D I A G E O L O G I C A P O L O N I C AVol. 132, Kraków 2009, pp. 71–90.

Ge ol ogy of the Pi en iny Klip pen Belt and the Ta tra Mts, CarpathiansEd ited by K. Birk en ma jer

Part XX

Krzysz tof BIRK EN MA JER1

The Brani sko Suc ces sion (Ju ras sic–Cre ta ceous)in the Czorsz tyn Range, Pi en iny Na tional Park

(Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, West Car pa thi ans, Po land):de scrip tion of se lected field sec tions2

(Figs 1–11)

Ab stract. De scrip tion of se lected Ju ras sic–Cre ta ceous field sec tions of the Brani sko Suc ces sion(Nappe) de pos its ex posed in the Czorsz tyn Range, Pi en iny Na tional Park (Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, West Car pa thi ans, Po land), is pre sented. Some klippes, pre vi ously at trib uted to the Czertezik Suc ces sion,are now re vised as be long ing to the Brani sko Suc ces sion.

Key words: Ju ras sic, Cre ta ceous, Brani sko Suc ces sion, Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, West Car pa thi ans,Po land

IN TRO DUC TION

Ju ras sic and Cre ta ceous de pos its in the Czorsz tyn Range of the Pi en iny Na -tional Park of Po land (Figs 1, 2), were stud ied by the pres ent author dur ing geo logi -cal map ping of the area to a scale of 1:10,000 (Birk en ma jer, 1960, 1963b). Fourstra tigraphic suc ces sions were rec og nized: the Czorsz tyn-, the Czertezik-, theNiedzica-, and the Brani sko suc ces sions (Birk en ma jer, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958,1959a, b, 1960, 1963a, b). These suc ces sions were de pos ited in suc ces sively deeper and deeper zones of the pri mary ma rine Klip pen Ba sin, the Czorsz tyn Suc ces sionbe ing the most shal low, while the Brani sko and Pi en iny suc ces sions – the deep est.

1 Mailing address: In sti tute of Geo logi cal Sci ences, Cra cow Re search Cen tre, Pol ish Acad emy ofSci ences, Po land. E- mail: ndbirken@cyf- kr.edu.pl

2 Manu script ac cepted for pub li ca tion June 30, 2009.

In the course of geo logi cal re map ping of the Pi en iny Na tional Park in a stillmore de tailed scale, 1:5,000 (Birk en ma jer, 2005, 2008c), it was found that someklippes pre vi ously at trib uted to the Czertezik Suc ces sion, such as the Piekie³ko andWspólna Ska³a klippes (Birk en ma jer, 1977, figs 19A, C), should be in cluded to theBrani sko Suc ces sion/Nappe in stead (Birk en ma jer, 2008, p. 37). The pres ent pa perpro vides de tailed de scrip tions and il lus tra tions of these two, and some other fieldsec tions of the Brani sko Suc ces sion/Nappe in the Czorsz tyn Range. Spe cial stresswas laid on oc cur rence of phos phatic con cre tions in the Mid dle Ju ras sic crinoid- cherty Flaki Lime stone For ma tion.

THE BRANISKO SUC CES SION

The Branisko Suc ces sion was dis tin guished (as the ‘Branisko Se ries’) in thePieniny Klippen Belt of Po land in 1953, and named af ter the Branisko Moun tain(879 m), the high est peak in the Pol ish Spisz Moun tain Range (see Birkenmajer,1953; 1958, II, fig. 58; 1961). The suc ces sion in cludes a strati graphic se quence ofdeep-wa ter ma rine strata from Lower Ju ras sic (Pliensbachian–Toarcian) to Up perCre ta ceous (Santonian–Campanian) in age (Birkenmajer, 1973a, b, 1976a, b, 1977, 1979, 2008b; Myczyñski, 1973, 2004; Birkenmajer & Jednorowska, 1983). It wasde pos ited in the deep est south ern part of the Pieniny Klippen Trough, that dur ingJu ras sic and Cre ta ceous formed a sep a rate ba sin in the North ern Tethys realm. Atthat time, the Pieniny Klippen Trough oc cu pied the north ern most part of the In nerCarpathian Do main (Birkenmajer, 1985, 1986a, b).

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Fig. 1. Po si tion of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (in black) and the Pieniny Na tional Park (rect an gle),West Carpathians

The de pos its of the Branisko Suc ces sion were up rooted from their base ment and thrust north wards, as the Branisko Nappe, over the then autochthonous Czertezikand Czorsztyn suc ces sions, dur ing the Laramian Orog eny (Maastrichtian to EarlyPaleocene). At its base, the Branisko Nappe car ried blocks and slices of all sizes ofthe Niedzica Suc ces sion rocks, to gether rep re sent ing the dis mem bered NiedzicaNappe (see Birkenmajer, 1998, 1999).

The Laramian Klippen Orogen suf fered a con sid er able de struc tion by ma rineabra sion and ter res trial ero sion/de nu da tion which had started al ready dur ing thenappe fold ing and con tin ued un til be gin ning of the Paleocene. Rock frag ments de -rived from the Klippen tec tonic units, and from the ex otic Andrusov Ridge as well(Birkenmajer, 1988), ac cu mu lated as sed i men tary brec cias, olistostromes andolistoliths, con glom er ates and flysch strata (Jarmuta For ma tion) on the de nudedorogen and, mainly, to the north of it – in the Outer Carpathian ma rine Magura Ba -sin (Grajcarek Suc ces sion). A part of these clastics were overriden by the stillforward moving Branisko Nappe.

As a re sult of pro longed de struc tion of the Laramian Klippen Orogen bysynorogenic abra sion and ero sion, the Czorsztyn, Czertezik and Niedzica tec tonic

BRANISKO SUCCESSION, PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT 73

Fig. 2. Geo log i cal struc ture of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in the Pieniny Mts (af ter Birkenmajer,2008a, fig. 13, ex pla na tions slightly mod i fied). 1 – Niedzica Suc ces sion/Nappe; 2 – BraniskoSuc ces sion/Nappe; 3 – Pieniny Suc ces sion/Nappe; 4, 5 – Haligovce Suc ces sion/Nappe (4 – Ju ras sicand Cre ta ceous de pos its; 5 – Tri as sic de pos its); 6 – Czorsztyn and Czertezik suc ces sions/units (partlyin tec tonic win dows); 7 – Grajcarek Suc ces sion/Unit (7 – Ju ras sic–Cre ta ceous) and transgressiveMaastrichtian (Jarmuta Fm.) in the Pieniny Klippen Belt; 8 – Palaeogene of the Magura Nappe andtransgressive Palaeogene in the Pieniny Klippen Belt; 9 – Podhale Palaeogene (Podhale de pres sionand transgressive Palaeogene in the Pieniny Klippen Belt); 10 – se lected transversal faults (Mio cene).Note: Fresh-wa ter Neo gene de pos its and Miocene andesite intrusions omitted

units were lo cally ex posed to the sur face from be low the Branisko and Pieninynappes in the form of tec tonic win dows (Birkenmajer, 1998, 1999, 2008a). Then,they were flooded by the Paleocene sea which de pos ited basal con glom er ates suc -ceeded by flysch strata of the Magura type.

The Branisko Nappe, to gether with other Laramian tec tonic units and theirPalaeogene flysch cover, was strongly re folded dur ing the Early Mio cene SavianOrog eny (Birkenmajer, 1985, 1986a, b). As a re sult, its com pe tent cherty lime -stones (Tithonian–Barremian Pieniny Lime stone Fm.; Bajocian Flaki Lime stoneFm.) of ten oc cur as tec tonic slices and blocks of all sizes pierc ing much stron ger de -formed in com pe tent Ju ras sic and Cre ta ceous shales, marls and flysch rocks (Bir-kenmajer, 1958, 1979).

The Branisko Suc ces sion oc curs in Po land be tween vil lages Stare Bystre(Orawa De pres sion) in the West, and Bia³a Woda (Ma³e Pieniny Range) in the East. Be tween Stare Bystre and Szaflary, it builds the Branisko Nappe thrust to the northover the Czorsztyn Unit. As shown by a deep bore hole (Maruszyna IG-1), clasticsof the Jarmuta For ma tion which un con form ably cover the Branisko Nappe plungeto gether with it un der the Pieniny Nappe (e.g., Birkenmajer, 1985).

In the Pol ish Spisz (be tween vil lages Nowa Bia³a and Niedzica), and in theCzorsztyn Range (be tween Czorsztyn and Sromowce-K¹ty), the Branisko Nappe is also thrust di rectly over the Czorsztyn Unit. At its base, the nappe car ries slices andblocks of the dis mem bered Niedzica Nappe. The Jarmuta For ma tion con glom er -ates and sand stones (Maastrichtian), rep re sent ing a sed i men tary cover of theCzorsztyn Unit, crop out there in some tec tonic win dows from be low the overthrustBranisko Nappe. They ev i dence a sed i men ta tion ep i sode synorogenic with theLaramian nappe thrust ing (Birkenmajer, 1998, 1999).

In the Pieniny Range (be tween Sromowce-K¹ty and Szczawnica Ni¿na), theBranisko and Pieniny tec tonic units fuse to form a sin gle Branisko-Pieniny Nappe.It is thrust there di rectly over the Czertezik Unit (Birkenmajer, 2008a).

In the Ma³e Pieniny (Lit tle Pieniny) Range (be tween Szczawnica Ni¿na andBia³a Woda), the Branisko Nappe is thrust over the Niedzica Nappe and, to getherwith it, over the Czertezik and Czorsztyn units (Birkenmajer, 1970).

DE SCRIP TION OF SE LECTED FIELD SEC TIONS

K¹ty (Figs 3, 4)(nat u ral out crop)

Lo ca tion. This is a small klippe lo cated at K¹ty ham let, just north of the roadSromowce Wy¿ne-Sromowce Ni¿ne (Fig. 3).De scrip tion. The sec tion ex poses lithostratigraphic units of the Branisko Suc ces -sion (Fig. 4):

1. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr. (8 m): 1a & c – Radiolarites,cal car e ous, in lay ers 5–15 cm thick, pre dom i nantly green, of ten red den ing in the mid dle; 1b –Radiolarites, cal car e ous, in lay ers 2–20 cm thick, var ie gated, al ter nat ing with red dish and var ie gatedmarly shales and lime stones, in layers 1–5 cm thick;

74 K. BIRKENMAJER

2. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr (2 m): red radiolarites in lay ers 5–10cm thick, of ten green ish at bot tom and top of the lay ers;

3. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr (2–3 m): Lime stone, fine-crys tal line,slightly nod u lar, var ie gated or red;

4. Pieniny Lime stone Fm. (>5 m): Lime stone, in lay ers 1–5 cm thick, rather poorly bed ded, lightcream-yel low or white in col our.

Re marks. This nat u ral out crop was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor on 10 No vem -ber 1956 (Field-sec tion No 117).

Rabsztyn (Fig. 5)(nat u ral out crop)

Lo ca tion. This is a prom i nent klippe (about 700 m a.s.l.) sit u ated about 450 mNNW of the K¹ty ham let near Sromowce Wy¿ne (Fig. 3).


Fig. 3. Lo ca tion of the de scribed field-sec tions in the Czorsztyn Range, Pieniny Moun tains.Num bers re fer to fig ures 4–10

De scrip tion. The field sec tion (Fig. 5) ex poses lithostratigraphic units of theBranisko Suc ces sion:

1. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr (7 m): Radiolarites, stronglycal car e ous, green and green ish-brown, in lay ers with green bot tom and top sur faces (some timesred den ing in the mid dle), 3–5 to 15 cm thick, al ter nat ing with green marly shale (1–2 cm thick);

2. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr (8 m): 2a – Radiolarites, cal car e ous,in lay ers 5–20 cm thick, red in the mid dle, green ish at bot tom and top of lay ers, al ter nat ing with marlyor si li ceous, red and var ie gated lime stone lay ers 2–5 cm thick; 2b – Radiolarites, cal car e ous, red, inlay ers 5–20 cm thick; red marly lime stone in ter ca la tions 1–3 cm thick ap pear in upper part of the bed;

3. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr (5–6 m): Strongly microfolded shalylime stone, in lay ers 5–10 cm thick, red and green (var ie gated), with scarce red chert lenses;

4. Pieniny Lime stone Fm. (>20 m): 4a – Lime stone, lay ered, white, with in fre quent black chertlenses; 4b – Lime stone, lay ered, white, with more fre quent black chert lenses and bands.

Re marks: This out crop was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor on 10 No vem ber, 1956(Field-sec tion No 115).

76 K. BIRKENMAJER

Fig. 4. K¹ty near Sromowce Wy¿ne, Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe (Field-sec tion No 117. Del. K.Birkenmajer on 10 Nov. 1956). De tailed de scrip tion in the text. 1, 2 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm. (1 –Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr; 2 – Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr); 3 – Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., UpszarLime stone Mbr; 4 – Pieniny Lime stone Fm.

Stronia, west ern part (Fig. 6)(nat u ral out crop)

Lo ca tion. The Stronia klippe is sit u ated at Sromowce Wy¿ne-K¹ty, about 150 mSE from Rabsztyn (Fig. 3).De scrip tion. The sec tion ex poses lithostratigraphic units of the Branisko Succe-ssion:

1. Podzamcze Lime stone Fm. (> 1 m): Lime stone, brown ish-grey to yel low ish-grey, with darkspots (af ter bur row ing bot tom or gan isms), in lay ers 20 cm thick, strongly fractured;

(tec tonic con tact: the Flaki Lime stone and the Sokolica Radiolarite for ma tions are miss ing)2. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr (2 m): Radiolarites, slightly

cal car e ous, in lay ers 5–10 cm thick, green, strongly frac tured;(tec tonic con tact: the Buwa³d Radiolarite Mem ber is miss ing)3. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr (4 m): Lime stone, fee bly nod u lar to

shaly, in bands 1–20 cm thick, var ie gated, green ish and red dish, with radiolarian chert lenses andbands (5–20 cm thick);

4. Pieniny Lime stone Fm. (>6 m): 4a – Lime stone, in lay ers 5–15 cm thick, some times slightlynod u lar, green ish to whit ish, with rare in ter ca la tions of green ish or blu ish cherts; 4b – Lime stone,


Fig. 5. Rabsztyn, Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe (Field-sec tion No 115. Del. K. Birkenmajer on 10Nov. 1956). De tailed de scrip tion in the text. 1, 2 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm. (1 – PodmajerzRadiolarite Mbr; 2 – Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr); 3 – Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr; 4a, b – Pieniny Lime stone Fm.

poorly bed ded, whit ish to cream-yel low, with faint green ish hue, with blue chert bands; it be comesbetter-lay ered (5–20 cm thick) higher up.

Re marks. This out crop was in ves ti gated by the pres ent au thor on 10 No vem ber,1956 (Field-sec tion No 116A). Field-sec tions 116A (Fig. 6) and 116B (Fig. 7) havebeen il lus trated in one lithostratigraphic col umn by Birkenmajer (1977, fig. 25D).

Stronia, mid dle part (Fig. 7)(nat u ral out crop)

Lo ca tion. This is the mid dle part of the Stronia klippe (Fig. 3).De scrip tion. The sec tion (Fig. 7) ex poses lithostratigraphic units of the BraniskoSuc ces sion:

1. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr. (>5 m): 1a – Radiolarites,non-cal car e ous or slightly cal car e ous, in lay ers 5–10 cm thick, dark-green, green and var ie gated; 1b –Radiolarites, cal car e ous, in lay ers 3–10 cm, some times up to 20 cm thick, green, of ten red dened in themid dle;

2. Czajakowa Radiolarite For ma tion, Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr (3.5 m): 2a – Radiolarites,cal car e ous, in lay ers 5–20 cm thick, red and var ie gated (green with red core); 2b – Radiolarites,strongly cal car e ous, in lay ers 5–20 cm thick, with thin al ter na tions of red or var ie gated marly shaleand si li ceous lime stone;

3. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr (3.5 m): Lime stone, marly, slightlynod u lar or bed ded, red or var ie gated, al ter nat ing with marly shale. Red chert lenses ap pear some timeswithin the lime stone bands;

4. Pieniny Lime stone Fm. (>6 m): Lime stone, some times slightly nod u lar, in lay ers 5–15 cmthick, light green ish to white, with blue chert bands.

78 K. BIRKENMAJER

Fig. 6. Stronia, west ern part, Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe (Field-sec tion No 116A. Del. K. Birken- majer on 10 Nov. 1956). De tailed de scrip tion in the text. 1 – Podzamcze Lime stone Fm.; 2 –Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr; 3 – Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., UpszarLime stone Mbr; 4a, b – Pieniny Lime stone Fm.

Re marks. The sec tion was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor on 10 No vem ber, 1956(Field-sec tion No 116B). To gether with the pre vi ous sec tion (Fig. 6), it was usedfor es tab lish ing lithostratigraphic col umn of the Branisko Suc ces sion (Birkenmajer (1977, fig. 25D).

Wspólna Ska³a (Fig. 8)(ar ti fi cial ex po sure)

Lo ca tion. The Wspólna Ska³a klippe is sit u ated some 700 m SE from the largeCzubata Ska³a klippe (Fig. 3; see also Birkenmajer, 1977, fig. 7). Geo log i cal sec -tion of this klippe was first il lus trated by Uhlig (1890, fig. 20); by Birkenmajer(1977, fig. 19A) it was in cluded to the Czertezik Suc ces sion. Ex ca vated sec tion onSSW slope of the klippe (Fig. 8) ex posed, how ever, a suc ces sion of tec toni cally re -versed rock units that may be better placed within the Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe.De scrip tion (Fig. 8):

1. Szlachtowa Fm. (>3 m): 1a – Shale, slightly marly, blue-grey, with in ter ca la tions of stronglymicaceous green ish-grey sand stone; 1b – Sand stone, brit tle, strongly micaceous, rusty weath ered;

2. Skrzypny Shale Fm. (2 m): Shale, slightly marly, strongly brecciated, black, with smallli mo nite con cre tions (the shales be come yel low ish-green at the con tact with the next unit);

(tec tonic con tact: the Harcygrund Shale Fm. and the Podzamcze Lime stone Fm. are miss ing)3, 4. Flaki Lime stone Fm. (2.5 m): 3 – Cri noid lime stone, fine-grained, grey, in bands 5–15 cm

thick (N.B.: this lime stone band was for merly at trib uted to the ‘Smolegowa Lime stone Fm.’ –Birkenmajer, 2008a, p. 37); 4 – Cri noid lime stone, fine-grained, grey, partly si lici fied, al ter nat ingwith grey-brown ish to blu ish chert bands. Bands of cri noid lime stone and chert are 5–15 cm thick;

(tec tonic con tact: the Sokolica Radiolarite Fm. is miss ing)5. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr (1.3 m): Radiolarites, green to

blu ish and brown ish, with in ter ca la tions of si lici fied, fine-grained to mas sive lime stone of sim i larhue, 0.1–0.4 m thick;


Fig. 7. Stronia, mid dle part, Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe (Field-sec tion No 116B. Del. K.Birkenmajer on 10 Nov. 1956). De tailed de scrip tion in the text. 1, 2 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm. (1 –Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr; 2 – Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr); 3 – Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., UpszarLime stone Mbr; 4 – Pieniny Lime stone Fm.

6 & 8. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr (c. 5 m): Radiolarites, cal ca-r e ous, red, al ter nat ing with si lici fied red lime stone, in lay ers 5–10 cm thick. In lower part of theex po sure (layer 8, at both limbs of a small fold), the radiolarites be come slightly green ish at places;

7. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm. (3.5 m): Lime stone, nod u lar to banded, fine-crys tal line.

Re marks. This field sec tion was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor in the years 1954and 1956 (as Field sec tion No 90). Orig i nally, it was at trib uted to the Czertezik Suc -ces sion (see Birkenmajer, 1977, fig. 19C). As a re sult of re in ter pre ta tion of thefield-sec tion (Figs 8, 11), in the course of the new de tailed geo log i cal map ping(1:5,000 scale) of the Pieniny Na tional Park (Birkenmajer, 2005, 2008, p. 37) it was ex cluded from the Czertezik Suc ces sion and in cluded into the Branisko Succe-ssion.

Piekie³ko W (Fig. 9)(nat u ral and ar ti fi cial ex po sures)

Lo ca tion. Sev eral rock units, pre vi ously at trib uted to the Czertezik Suc ces sion(Birkenmajer, 1960, 1977, fig. 19A), are ex posed at Piekie³ko hill (Fig. 3), andsouth of it, to the east of the Czorsztyn wa ter dam. The klippe shown in Fig. 9 (seealso Fig. 11) was ex ca vated by two shafts (up per and lower) at SSW slope of thePiekie³ko hill, to the west of its top. As a re sult of new geo log i cal map ping of thePieniny Na tional Park (1:5,000 scale), and re-ex am i na tion of older field ob ser va -

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Fig. 8. Wspólna Ska³a (Zbójnicka Ska³a), Branisko Suc ces sion/Nape (Field-sec tion No 90. Del.K. Birkenmajer on 15 Oct., 1954 and 20 Oct., 1956). De tailed ex pla na tions in the text. 1a, b –Szlachtowa Fm.; 2 – Skrzypny Shale Fm.; 3, 4 – Flaki Lime stone Fm. (3 – ‘Smolegowa Limstone Fm’– Birkenmajer, 2008a, p. 37); 5, 6, 8 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm. (5 – Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr; 6& 8 – Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr); 7 – Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm.

tions, rock units of this klippe were ex cluded from the Czertezik Suc ces sion and in -cluded into the Branisko Suc ces sion (Birkenmajer, 2005, 2008, p. 37).De scrip tion. The sec tion shows Ju ras sic lithostratigraphic units of the BraniskoNappe (in tec toni cally re versed po si tion), in tec tonic con tact (overthrust) with Cre -ta ceous rocks of the Czorsztyn Unit (tec tonic win dow).

Branisko Nappe (beds 1–7):1. Sokolica Radiolarite Fm. (>3 m): Radiolarites, non-cal car e ous or slightly cal car e ous,

thin-bed ded (2–10 cm), grey-green ish, with black man ga nese-ox ide coat ing, slickensided, al ter na-t ing with green to grey-green non-cal car e ous shales. They form a tec toni cally over turned scalesep a rated by a sec ond ary overthrust from the rest of the section;

(tec tonic con tact)2. Skrzypny Shale Fm. (2 m): Shale, black, strongly brecciated, with in ter ca la tions of blu ish-

grey, of ten limonitized sid er ite con cre tions, 5–10 cm in di am e ter;3. Harcygrund Shale Fm. (3 m): Shale, slightly marly, dark-grey to black, some times slightly


Fig. 9. Piekie³ko W (Field-sec tion No 86. Del. K. Birkenmajer on 10 Aug., 1955), de tailedde scrip tion in the text. Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe: 1 – Sokolica Radiolarite Fm.; 2 – SkrzypnyShale Fm.; 3 – Harcygrund Shale Fm.; 4a, b – Podzamcze Lime stone Fm.; 5a, b & 6a, b – FlakiLime stone Fm.; 7 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr. Czorsztyn Unit(tec tonic win dow): 8 – Jaworki Fm.; 9 – Sromowce Fm.; 10 – mi nor overthrusts; 11 – nappeoverthrust; ch – chert; ph – phosphorite; s – sid er ite

brown ish, with scat tered light mica flakes, with thin in ter ca la tions of black to dark-grey spottylime stone;

4. Podzamcze Lime stone Fm. (2.7 m): a – Lime stone, grey-brown ish to dark-grey, in lay ers2–30 cm thick, with scat tered white mica flakes; b – Shale, marly, and marl, green ish, with scat teredwhite mica flakes, with thin (2–5 cm) intercalations of black to dark-green lime stone. The shale is richin shell de tri tus of Bositra buchi (Roemer);

5, 6. Flaki Lime stone Fm. (12 m): 5a (0.5 m) – Lime stone, fine-crys tal line, var ie gated to pink,with yel low-weath ered car bon ate rock de tri tus, with small black phosphorite con cre tions; 5b (0.5 m)– Lime stone, slightly crinoidal, pink to red, al ter nat ing with green ish to pink lime stone dot ted withglauconite, with small phosphorite con cre tions (a few mm to 2 cm in diameter);

6a, b (7.5 m) – Cri noid lime stone, banded (20–60 cm), grey, with rare in ter ca la tions of brown ishand blue cherts in bands 4–5 cm thick, with thin (2–5 cm) shale in ter ca la tions rich in yel low-weath ered car bon ate de tri tus, and with scarce, thin, brown ish to blu ish chert bands; b (3.5 m) –Cri noid lime stone, fine-grained, grey-green ish, with yel low spots (af ter weath ered car bon ate clasts),al ter nat ing with brownish and bluish cherts;

(tec tonic con tact: the Sokolica Radiolarite Fm. is miss ing)7. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr (>6 m): Cherts, slightly cal ca-

r e ous, brown ish and blu ish, in bands 5–20 cm thick, al ter nat ing with grey-green ish lime stone bands5–10 cm thick.

(con tact of the Branisko Nappe with tec tonic win dow of the Czorsztyn Unit)Czorsztyn Unit (beds 8,9)

8. Jaworki Fm./Sromowce Fm., tran si tion beds (>4 m): Marls, yel low-green ish, weath ered;9. Sromowce Fm. (>3 m): Marls, yel low ish, weath ered, al ter nat ing with fine-grained yel low ish

sand stones.

Re marks. This sec tion was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor in 1954–1956 (Field-sec tion No 86).

Piekie³ko-Upszar (Fig. 10)(nat u ral and ar ti fi cial ex po sures)

Lo ca tion. On the south-east ern slope of the Piekie³ko hill there are sev eral smallklippes of the Branisko Suc ces sion (Birkenmajer, 1960), sep a rated from theBranisko Nappe of the Piekie³ko hill by Up per Cre ta ceous strata of the CzorsztynUnit (a nar row tec tonic win dow). A tec tonic con tact be tween the Branisko Nappeand the Czorsztyn Unit was ex posed in one of these klippes (Figs 3, 10) which wascho sen as the type lo cal ity of the Upszar Lime stone Mbr (Birkenmajer, 1977, p. 72,fig. 25C).De scrip tion:

Branisko Nappe (beds 1–5)1. Pieniny Lime stone Fm. (> 2 m): Lime stone, mas sive to poorly bed ded, white to light-cream-

yel low, with un even bed sur faces (N.B.: The lime stone re sem bles very much the Berriasian SobótkaLime stone Mbr of the Dursztyn Lime stone Fm., pre vi ously termed the ‘white Calpionella lime stone’– see Birkenmajer, 1977);

2. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr, up per part (4 m): 2a –Lime stone,nod u lar to lay ered, light-green ish, whit en ing up wards. Par tic u lar nod ules are coated by green ish orred dish clay; 2b – Lime stone, mas sive or fine-crys tal line, nod u lar to lay ered, red, pink or var ie gated.Par tic u lar nod ules are coated by red or variegated clay;

3. Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr, lower part (3.5 m): Lime stone, lay ered(lay ers 1–2 to 20 cm thick), nod u lar-lay ered or shaly, red, at places whit ish, green ish or var ie gated,with lenses and interbeddings of red radiolarian cherts;

82 K. BIRKENMAJER

4. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Buwa³d Radiolarite Mbr (1.5 m): Radiolarites, cal car e ous, inlay ers 2–20 cm thick, dark- to light red;

5. Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm., Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr (1.5 m): Radiolarites, cal car e ous,in lay ers 5–20 cm thick, deep green.

(con tact of the Branisko Nappe with tec tonic win dow of the Czorsztyn Unit)Czorsztyn Unit (bed 6, ex posed in a shaft)

6. Sromowce Fm. (>4.5 m): Sand stones, cal car e ous, fine grained, in lay ers 5–20 cm thick,green ish, al ter nat ing with green ish marls and marly shales 20–50 cm thick.

Re marks. This field-sec tion (No 87) was sur veyed by the pres ent au thor on 15Oct., 1954; its north ern part was ex ca vated on 17 Oct. 1955. This is the type lo cal ityof the Upszar Lime stone Mem ber (Birkenmajer, 1977, p. 72, fig. 25C).

STRATI GRAPHIC SUM MARY

Szlachtowa For ma tion (Toarcian–Aalenian). This for ma tion, de vel oped asstrongly micaceous grey-green ish flysch strata, was sur veyed in one field-sec tion(Fig. 8; see also Fig. 11). Its po si tion in this sec tion clearly in di cates that it be longsto the Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe. The age of the Szlachtowa For ma tion, as basedon macro and microfossils from the Grajcarek Unit where it is best de vel oped (seeBirkenmajer et al., 2007; Gedl, 2008), cor re sponds mainly to Toarcian– Aalenian.


Fig. 10. Piekie³ko-Upszar (Field-sec tion No 87. Del. K. Birkenmajer on 15 Oct., 1954), de tailedde scrip tion in the text. Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe: 1 – Pieniny Lime stone Fm.; 2, 3 – CzorsztynLime stone Fm., Upszar Lime stone Mbr; 4, 5 – Czajakowa Radiolarite Fm. (4 – Buwa³d RadiolariteMbr; 5 – Podmajerz Radiolarite Mbr). Czorsztyn Unit (tec tonic win dow): 6 – Sromowce Fm.

A sim i lar age, based on dinocysts, was es tab lished for the Szlachtowa For ma tion ofthe Branisko Suc ces sion at Czorsztyn-Podubocze (Czorsztyn Range) by Gedl(2008, p. 184, fig. 164).

Skrzypny Shale For ma tion (Aalenian–Middle Bajocian). This for ma tion, de -vel oped as dark shales with sid er ite and li mo nite con cre tions was sur veyed in twofield-sec tions (Figs 8, 9). Its age, based on ammonite fauna (Birkenmajer, 1963a,1977; Myczyñski, 1973, 2004), cor re sponds to Aalenian–Mid dle Bajocian. Dino-cyst as sem blages in di cate a slightly wider age range: ?Upper Toarcian–Bajocian(Gedl, 2008, p. 186, fig. 164).

Harcygrund Shale For ma tion (Mid dle Bajocian). This unit, de vel oped asgrey to black marly shales was ob served in sec tions at Wspólna Ska³a (Fig. 8) andPiekie³ko W (Fig. 9). Its age, as based on ammonites (Myczyñski, 1973; Birken-

84 K. BIRKENMAJER

Fig. 11. Correlation of Jurassic lithostratigraphic units of the Piekie³ko W, Flaki and the WspólnaSka³a klippes. Branisko Succession/Nappe (after Birkenmajer 1977, Fig. 19)

majer, 1977), cor re sponds to Mid dle Bajocian. Dinocysts from a part of the for ma -tion in di cate an ?Up per Aalenian–Lower Bajocian age (Gedl, 2008, p. 187, fig.186).

Podzamcze Lime stone For ma tion (Mid dle Bajocian). This unit, de vel oped asgrey to brown ish spotty lime stones al ter nat ing with shale and marl (Fleckenkalk fa -cies), oc ca sion ally with shell de tri tus of Bositra buchi (Roemer), was sur veyed intwo field-sec tions (Figs 6 and 9). The age of the for ma tion, as based on ammonitefauna (Horwitz, 1937a, b; Myczyñski, 1973; Birkenmajer, 1977) cor re sponds toMid dle Bajocian. Based on dinocysts, a Lower Bajocian age has also been pos tu -lated (Gedl, 2008, p. 187, fig. 186).

Flaki Lime stone For ma tion (Mid dle-Up per Bajocian). This unit, con sist ingmainly of grey, fine-grained, banded cri noid lime stone with in ter ca la tions of blueto brown ish cherts was sur veyed in two field-sec tions. A thin cri noid lime stone de -void of cherts, which oc curs in lower part of the for ma tion, re sem bles the Smole-gowa Lime stone For ma tion known from the Niedzica, Czertezik and Czorsztynsuccessions.

From sedimentological view point, two de vel op ments in the Flaki Lime stoneFor ma tion de serve spe cial at ten tion:

1. A 1-m thick band of var ie gated to pink lime stone with lime stone de tri tus,with small black phosphorite con cre tions (peb bles ?) and glauconite grains, rec og -nized at the bot tom of the sec tion at Piekie³ko hill (Field-sec tion 86 – Figs 9, 11; seealso Birkenmajer, 1977, fig. 19C). At Flaki, Kasiñski et al. (1981, pp. 77–78, figs 2,3) pointed to the pres ence of de tri tal quartz (arenaceous calcarenites) and fos -sil-bear ing phosphorite pebbles;

2. Marls with chamosite con cre tions at the Flaki road-sec tion (see Myczyñski,1973; Birkenmajer, 1977, fig. 19B, 1985, figs 63, 64; Kasiñski et al., 1981, pp.77–78. figs 2, 3). Dy namic char ac ter of sed i men ta tion is in di cated, ac cord ing toKasiñski et al. (1981), by ap pear ance of beds with frag mented chamosite con cre -tions and ero sional surfaces.

Based on poor ammonite and bel em nite fauna, a Mid dle Bajocian (up per part) to Up per Bajocian (lower part) age has been pro posed by Myczyñski (1973). Krobicki and Wierzbowski (2004, p. 72) re port find of an ammonite Dorsetensia (Nannina)sp. in a phosphorite con cre tion (?peb ble – the pres ent au thor’s re mark) from base of the Podzamcze Lime stone For ma tion at Flaki.

Sokolica Radiolarite For ma tion (Up per Bajocian–Bathonian up to Callo-vian–?Oxfordian). Pre dom i nantly dark-grey radiolarites and shales with man ga -nese-ox ide coat ing were sur veyed in one field-sec tion (Fig. 9). These radiolaritesfailed so-far to give a good strati graphic age for the for ma tion, based on radio lar -ians. Based on dinocysts, their age in the Branisko Succesion may span the Up perBathonian to Callovian–Oxfordian (Gedl, 2008, p. 187, fig. 186).

Czajakowa Radiolarite For ma tion (Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian). Radiolaritesof this for ma tion were well ex posed in all field-sec tions here de scribed (Figs 4–10). The Podmajerz Radiolarite Mem ber (lower unit) shows pre dom i nantly greencolours; red and var ie gated bands ap pear at tran si tion to the next unit rep re sented


by pre dom i nantly red Buwa³d Radiolarite Mem ber (up per unit) – see Birkenmajerand G¹siorowski (1960, tab. 1), Birkenmajer (1977).

The age of the Czajakowa Radiolarite For ma tion, as based on Aptychi fau nas(Birkenmajer & G¹siorowski, 1960; G¹siorowski, 1962), cor re sponds to the Up perOxfordian (see Birkenmajer, 1977, p. 62). The Oxfordian to Lower Kimmeridgianage of the for ma tion has been es tab lished on radiolarian fauna (Widz, 1991; Widz& De Wever, 1993; Birkenmajer & Widz, 1995): U.A.7-8 (Oxfordian), U.A.8(Late Oxfordian), U.A.8-9 (Late Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian), and U.A.9 (Kimme-ridgian).

Czorsztyn Lime stone For ma tion (Kimmeridgian–Lower Tithonian). Thisfor ma tion was sur veyed in five field-sec tions (Figs 4–8). In more south ern ex po -sures of the Branisko Nappe at K¹ty (Fig. 4), Rabsztyn (Fig. 5), Stronia (Figs 6, 7)and Piekie³ko-Upszar (Fig. 10), the for ma tion is de vel oped as the Upszar Lime -stone Mem ber: red to var ie gated nod u lar to lay ered lime stone with red chert lensesand in ter ca la tions. In the ex po sure of this nappe at Wspólna Ska³a (Fig. 8), theCzorsztyn Lime stone For ma tion shows a de vel op ment typ i cal for the Niedzica-Czertezik-Czorsztyn suc ces sions, i.e. red nod u lar lime stone devoid of chert inter-calations.

In the Branisko Suc ces sion, the Upszar Lime stone Mem ber cor re sponds mainlyto the Kimmeridgian (Birkenmajer & G¹siorowski, 1960; G¹siorowski, 1962;Birkenmajer, 1977, p. 71). Ac cord ing to Pszczó³kowski and Myczyñski (2004),up per part of the Upszar Lime stone Mem ber at Kapuœnica is al ready LowerTithonian in age.

Pieniny Lime stone For ma tion (Tithonian–Barremian). In the sur veyed field-sec tions, only a lower part of the Pieniny Lime stone For ma tion has been stud ied,usu ally con sist ing of well bed ded, light-green to white lime stones. This part of thefor ma tion may rep re sent Tithonian to Berriasian ages. In some ex po sures, moremas sive white to cream-yel low lime stone, re sem bling the Berriasian SobótkaLime stone For ma tion (‘white Calpionella lime stone’), known from the Niedzica,Czertezik and Czorsztyn successions, occurs.

The Pieniny Lime stone For ma tion in the Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe of theCzorsztyn Range spans the Tithonian through Barremian ages (Birkenmajer, 1977,p. 98). A de tailed biostratigraphic study of this lime stone at Kapuœnica, based onsev eral groups of mi cro or gan isms, al lowed Pszczó³kowski (in Pszczó³kowski &Myczyñski, 2004) to dis tin guish 14 biostratigraphic zones, from Early Tithonianthrough Hauterivian, inclusively.

OC CUR RENCE OF PHOSPHORITESIN THE FLAKI LIME STONE FOR MA TION

Phosphorite con cre tions in Mid dle Ju ras sic cri noid lime stones of the ‘PieninySe ries’ were al ready known to Horwitz (1924, 1963, p. 47) from the area of theG³êboki Potok stream (Czorsztyn Range). Their po si tion in geo log i cal pro file with

86 K. BIRKENMAJER

re spect to the Bajocian Podzamcze Lime stone For ma tion (at its base) and theSokolica Radiolarite For ma tion (at its top), was es tab lished by Myczyñski (1973),Birkenmajer (1977), and Kasiñski et al. (1981).

Orig i nally, the phosphorite-bear ing sed i ment was most prob a bly de pos ited in ashal low north ern coastal zone of the Pieniny Klippen Ba sin, where sed i men taryarea the Czorsztyn Suc ces sion bor dered upon the then emer gent Czorsztyn Ridge.The sed i ment had been re worked, pos si bly by storm-gen er ated wawing and cur -rents, the phos phatic lay ers and con cre tions re worked to be come peb bles. Suchphosphorite peb bles (“con cre tions”), to gether with glauconite grains and cri noidos si cles, were trans ported downslope by bot tom (resp. tur bid ity) cur rents, fi nallyde pos ited in a dis tal, deep est part of the sub ma rine cri noid-ossicle fan rep re sentedby the Flaki Lime stone For ma tion (cf. Birkenmajer, 2008a, pp. 12–13, 42–44, fig.20). This ex pla na tion is con sis tent with that pro posed by Kasiñski et al. (1981, p.77) who con sid ered arenaceous calcarenites with re worked phosphorites (‘pho-sphorite pebbles’), as redeposited from more shallow zones of the basin.

Dark colouration pre vail ing in the Bajocian Flaki Lime stone For ma tion in di -cates that most dis tal part of the cri noid-ossicle fan had al ready reached the disoxicto anoxic zones of the Klippen Ba sin bot tom (cf. Tyszka, 1994), where spottycalcarenites of the Podzamcze Lime stone For ma tion (Fleckenkalk fa cies of theBajocian) had formed.

CON CLU SIONS

1. The Ju ras sic rocks ex posed at Wspólna Ska³a and Piekie³ko in the CzorsztynRange of the Pieniny Na tional Park of Po land, for merly at trib uted to the CzertezikSuc ces sion (Birkenmajer, 1960, 1977), have been re vised as be long ing to theBranisko Suc ces sion/Nappe.

2. In field-sec tions of the Branisko Suc ces sion ex posed in south ern parts of theCzorsztyn Range, de vel op ment of the Czajakowa Radiolarite For ma tion and of theCzorsztyn Lime stone For ma tion (the lat ter rep re sented by the Upszar Lime stoneMem ber), is typ i cal of the Branisko Suc ces sion/Nappe. In more north ern ex po sures of this nappe in the Czorsztyn Range, lithological de vel op ment of the CzorsztynLime stone For ma tion, and of the low est part of the Pieniny Lime stone For ma tion,of ten re sem ble those typ i cal for the Niedzica-, Czertezik- and Czorsztyn succe-ssions.

3. The phosphorite ‘con cre tions’ which oc cur in the Flaki Lime stone For ma tionneed a spe cial sedimentological-geo chem i cal study in or der to elu ci date their or i -gin. It is sug gested that they de rived from some largely un known phos phate-bear -ing Mid dle Ju ras sic strata orig i nally de pos ited in a shal low-shelf en vi ron ment atsouth ern coast of the then emer gent Czorsztyn Ridge. Such rocks could have beenfrag mented, e.g. by storm wav ing, then trans ported downslope by bot tom or tur bid -ity cur rents to deep ma rine trough oc cu pied by the Branisko and Pieniny succe-ssions.


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