The Civil War (1861-1865)Part One: Rise of the South

Secession• 11 states seceded from the Union, and

created a new country: The Confederate States of America

North vs. South• The North (The Union, Yankees)• Strengths– 24 states, 22 million people– Good railroad network– 85% of American industry– Navy

• Weaknesses– Inexperienced military– Lack of motivation

North vs. South• The South (The Confederates, Rebels)• Strengths– Experienced leadership & soldiers– Dedication

• Weaknesses– 11 states, 9 million people– Very little industry– No navy– Reliance on foreign trade

The South unites• The South wrote a state’s

rights friendly constitution

• Jefferson Davis was elected president

The South unites• In the North,

General Winfield Scott & Abraham Lincoln picked a man they trusted to lead the Union army in case war began.

The South unites• He chose General Robert

E. Lee, from Virginia• Lee asked for time to

consider his promotion

The South unites• When he gave

his answer, Lee stated, “I could not, in good conscious, raise arms against my home (Virginia)”

Lee’s home – Arlington, VA

Washington, DC

The South Unites• Shortly after Lee turned down

the Union, Jefferson Davis asked Lee to take the lead of the Southern troops

• Robert E. Lee became the leader of the Confederate Army.

• Lee began his career working in Richmond, the Confederate capitol, advising Davis.

Fort Sumter - 1861• In many cases, Union troop abandoned US forts

in the South.• Not Fort Sumter, South Carolina

Fort Sumter

• Major Robert Anderson refused to sacrifice the supplies and the fort to the rebels

• A stand-off ensued

Fort Sumter• The Confederate forces opened fire, and Fort

Sumter became the first battle of the Civil War

WAR!!!• It was now obvious that war was the only way to preserve the

Union. Both sides predicted a quick victory (90 days)• An army of 35,000 Left Washington, DC to invade Virginia

WAR!!• 22,000 Confederate troops, under the command of General

Joseph Johnston, defended Bull Run Creek in Manassas, VA

WAR!!!• The Battle of First Manassas (or Bull Run) was

the first major confrontation in the Civil War

WAR!!• The hero of the Battle of Bull Run was General Thomas

Jackson• His heroics would earn him the nickname “Stonewall”

The Anaconda Plan• Realizing that they

simply cannot walk into the South and win, General Winfield Scott developed a plan.

The Anaconda Plan• The plan for

victory was meant to cut off the South by:– A naval blockade– Control of the

Mississippi River

The Peninsula Campaign• The Union

regrouped and sent in a second invasion of Virginia.

The Peninsula Campaign• However, the Union commander, General McClellan, was a

nervous commander who did not attack unless he was 100% sure he had the advantage

Union Confederates100,000 troops 50,000 troopsFresh soldiers Weary troopsWell supplied Running low Naval support No navy

Peninsula Campaign• Lee took direct control of the Confederate army in the middle

of the fighting• Because of heavy Confederate resistance, McClellan

withdrew.

Antietam• Lee decided to pursue the fleeing Union army• He organized a plan that divided his forces for

an attack into Maryland

Antietam• Lee’s Special Order No. 191 – A detailed

instruction to one of Lee’s generals was found by Union troops.

Antietam• The Union was waiting and defended the fields of Antietam, MD.

• The Confederate invasion was pushed back after a bloody battle

The fields of Antietam

The Emancipation Proclamation• After Antietam, Abraham Lincoln released the Emancipation

Proclamation.

• It announced that all slaves living in the rebel states were free

Lee’s Plan• Robert E. Lee knew that

the Union’s strengths in both population and industry would eventually overwhelm the South.

• He made new plans to invade the North, hoping to turn the people against the war and Lincoln.

• The North would invade once more, and in this invasion, Lee would lose his best man, Stonewall Jackson.

A new leader• Meanwhile, one

general was given the task of conquering the Mississippi River.

• This man would eventually lead the Union to ultimate victory.

Assignment• Throughout the war, the Union made incredible efforts to

increase the strength of its armies by recruiting new soldiers. Your assignment is to create a recruitment poster.

• Your poster should include:– A mention of the first battle, Fort Sumter, and the

year (20 points)– A mention of the Emancipation Proclamation and

the goals of the Union (20 points)– Visual representations of the war (20 points)– “eye-catching” visual appeal (40 points)