THE CRUSADES

In the previous units, for what reasons did

civilizations/countries go to war?

WHY FIGHT?

First Crusade: 1095-1099 Second Crusade: 1147-1149 Third Crusade: 1187-1192 Fourth Crusade: 1202-1204 Fifth Crusade: 1217-1221 Sixth Crusade: 1228-1229 Seventh Crusade: 1248-1254 Eight Crusade: 1270 Ninth Crusade: 1271-1272

The Crusades

The Problem

JERUSALEM

It belongs to the Jews, our

temple of Solomon is

there!

No it belongs to Christians,

Jesus was crucified there!

No it belongs to Islam, that’s where Mohammed rose to

heaven

The Byzantine empire agrees

with the Pope on this one, although

we don’t follow him

WHO DOES IT BELONG TO?

BYZANTINE EMPEROR Alexios IDoesn’t really get along with Pope Urban II, but needs the help in retaining power and land.

The Saracens (Islamic) were aggressively taking territories.

The Emperor asked the Pope for some knights to help settle things down before the capital, Constantinople, falls.

THE PROLOGUE

A Crusade has a number of benefits for

the Roman Catholic church The knights are sitting around fighting each

other, Christians fighting Christians, this would give them something to do !

This would spread Christianity across the world and Urban II would be in charge of it!

Pope Urban is no longer the head of just the church but looks to become the “King” of a Christian Empire (like a religious monarchy)

POPE or POLITICIAN?

The Pope makes a

motivational speech…

THE POPE: It is God’s will that we go East and rid Jerusalem of the infidels!!

THE MASSES: What are infidels?

THE POPE: Any non-Christians.

POPE URBAN II

THE MASSES: Hey what about the 6th

Commandment? Thou shall not kill?

POPE URBAN II: Oh ya um just spoke to God and he says that only applies to killing other Christians, killing infidels is okay though.

This leads to the unnecessary slaughter of Jews and all non-Christians in the Empire before the Crusade has even begun.

QUESTION?

FACEPALM

Ugh, that’s definitely not

what I told you.

• This is one of the first examples of the Church manipulating their power and “God’s will” to achieve their own goals.

THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM

To Recite the Creed To Pray facing Mecca 5 times a day To Fast during daylight hours during the month of Ramada To give alms To make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once

SOMETIMES A 6th PILLAR IS ADDED To wage a JIHAD (a holy struggle), to

defend the interests of the Muslim community

THE PILLARS OF ISLAM

Both sides perceive this as necessary…

CHRISTIANITY: Islam Empire is a threat to Christianity!

ISLAM: We must wage a Jihad, to lose Jerusalem is not in the best interests of our people!

ISLAM vs. CHRISTIANITY

Christian Approach

•THE POPE has called for a Crusade to Jerusalem and demands your help!• 2 Legions from Gaul • 2 Legions from Spain• 2 Legions from Greece/Macedonia• 2 Legions from Asia Minor

Muslim Approach

•Word spreads across the Mediterranean that the Christians are on Crusade!

•Islam has raised a Jihad join the Saracens by providing 2 legions each

• 2 Legions from Northern Africa• 2 Legions from Spain• Combine with 4 Saracen legions

KNIGHTS

A rank of great honor and distinction

Not a mere foot soldier or archer Equipped with heavy weaponry,

horses Carried a banner with them into

battle so his opponents could know he was there

Knights were rarely killed in battle, they were taken and ransomed, because that’s the chivalrous and noble thing to do

Who are the Crusaders?

The ceremony of being

“knighted” is highly respected The Knight to be must take an

oath and agree to a Code of Chivalry that guides all Knights

Who invented it? CHARLEMAGNE

Still done today? Yes.

Sir Elton John…

Knighthood

GOAL: Capture Jerusalem for Christianity WHAT HAPPENED:

Baldwin – Takes Edessa for himself, puts previous Christian rulers head on a spit Becomes King of Jerusalem even though no Christian

was to call himself king in the land of Christ Bohemond – Takes Antioch, Muslim rulers but had

allowed Christians to continue their worship in the city At Ma-arra Bohemonds men resort to cannabilism

torture kill and cook innocent civilians 30 000 Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jersualem

Recap: The First Crusade

1096-1099

RESULT: Mission Accomplished….but at what

cost and FOR WHAT ‘REAL’ REASONS?

One of the biggest dark spots in history for Christianity…

Recap (cont.)

LEGACY LEGACY

Saracens (Islam) began trying to take back

areas taken from them by the Christians Second Crusade is called by a new Pope and

they are successful in repelling the Muslim forces…

At the end of the Second Crusade, Jerusalem is still in the hands of the “Christians”

The Second Crusade1145-1149