The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System

with Rotary Kiln

11/12/2012

1

K. SasauchiEnvironmental & Biomass

Engineering Dept. R&D CenterChugai Ro Co., Ltd.

The kind of forms of renewable energy

Method Energy form

Wind Power Electric

Hydro Power Electric

2

PV Electric

Geothermal power Electric

BiomassElectric・Heat・Liquid/Solid

fuel ・Chemicals

Biomass can be changed not only electric but also many kind of forms

ContentsWe provide:

Background in Japan

Motivation of development

Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan

3

Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan

Our developing Rotary Kiln type gasifier

Applied for rubble of earthquake disaster

Conclusion

BackgroundBiomass resources are widely dispersed,

so it costs a lot to collect a large amount of biomass

Small-scale gasification system is desirable for on-site use.

4

are often used for small-scale in Europe.Downdraft gasifiers

It is compact and product gas contains little amount of tar.

But it needs uniform size of biomass for successful operationand cannot treat unutiized biomass (bark, bamboo, grass).

Wood chip for DownDraft Gasifire

5

Paper company is using for pulp in Japan

Scraps from Lumber Regular size with dry

EUR80 / ton

Motivation In Japan, there is currently a strong demandfor fuel flexible gasifiers, that are able to convert biomass

difficult to treat (bark, bamboo, grass etc.).

6

We started the development of Rotary Kiln gasifier supported by NEDO project in 2003

bark bamboo grass

180kW Rotary Kiln (2013) ChugaiRo

Current situation of biomass gasification plant for electrical generation in Japan

Foreign License

300kW Downdraft (2010) ＴSK

175kW Downdraft (2006) ＫＨＩ

2000kW Updraft (2008) JFEE

3000kW (2014) JBEC

7

250kW EB (2011) MAFF

175kW Downdraft (2009) ＫＨＩ

35kWDowndraft (2010) Yanmer

130kW Downdraft (2005) ＴＳＫ

150kW CFB (2007) ＫＨＩ

2000kW Updraft (2007) JFEE

180kW Rotary Kiln (2006) ChugaiRo

330kW Rotary Koln (2012) ChugaiRo

3000kW (2014) JBEC

Thermal decompositiongas +tar

Updraft Type Gasifier Downdraft Type GasifierBiomass Biomass

Fixed bed type Direct Gasifiers

8

Reduced zone

Carbide

Air Air

Reduced zone

AirAir

Carbide

CombustionZone

Thermal decompositiongas +tar

CombustionZone

Demonstration Plant of Stirling EngineAichi Energy ParkOwner：Chubu Electric Power Co.Constructor：ChugaiRoOutPut Power：30kW Eff:25%Fuel ：Wood chipType of Furnace：Direct fired Circulation Combustion

9

Stirling Engine from DTU Overview of Plant

Heat Exchanger

間接式木質バイオマスガス発生の原理

試験管

木質ﾊﾞｲｵﾏｽ

Test tube

Woody biomass

System of Indirect woody biomass gasification

10

木質ﾊﾞｲｵﾏｽ

可燃性ガス

アルコールランプ External Heat Source

Combustible Gas

Woody biomass

Gasifier with externally heating kiln

Biomass

Thermal decompositiongas +tar

11

Hot Air

Burning char

Char/Ash

Ash

●External heating type multi-chamber rotary kiln

12

Woody Chip

Hot Gas

Reformer

Thermal decomposition

Oxygen

Combustible Gas

+

Indirect gasification

Reforming GasProduct gas

Shift reaction

Combustible Gas

Steam

System of Gasification

13

200℃

860℃

Shift reaction

約1.5h

Gasifier：External heating kilnResiduals（Char +Ash）

+

Tar Removing tar by high temperature (1100℃)

Thermal decomposition

Great East Japan EarthquakeIn Minamisanriku Town Miyagi

612 people were dead226 people are missing3316 houses were destroyed

The generated amount of rubble in this disaster is 1.8 million tons

14Town hall Feb.2012 Foundation of the house

Gasification and Co-generation Plant in Minamisannriku Miyagi Pref. Japan

15

Input of Biomass： 830 kg/h（50% moisture content）20 t/day

1980MJ/h［550kW］ efficiency 30%Hot water production：

Generation Capacity： 330kW efficiency 18%

Operation Started： Sep. 2012

Waste incinerator

Waste Gasifire

Temporary storage of waste

16

Overview of disaster waste treatment plant in Minamisanriku

Metal in the rubble

17

Biomass selected from the rubble

Property of chips for materialsUnit Measurement

Values from technical analysis

Moisture content

wet% 64

Volatile matter dry% 83.5

Fixed carbon dry% 13.2

Ash dry% 0.3Values from elemental analysis

C dry% 46

H dry% 6.1

18

N dry% 0.2

O dry% 46

T-S dry% 0.22

T-Cl dry% 0.39

Na mg/kg-dry

360

K mg/kg-dry

1500

Higher calorific value J/g 19200

Schematic Flow Diagram

Flare Stuck

Gas Holder

Gas Reformer

Oxygen

Vent

Vent

Storage 140m3

Dryer

Filter

Gasifier

19

Heat Exchanger

Gas Engine Generator

Hot Gas F’ce

Char

Gas Cooler

Water Tank

Drain

Metal or Others

Gasifier

Receiving Hopper

Differential in the composition of the produced gas

Gasification at 700℃

H2: 28%

CO: 30%

CO: 25%

Gasification at 850℃

H2: 48%

CO: 26%

CO: 17%

20

CO2: 25%

CH4: 13%

LCV 3,233 kcal/m3N

40℃ or less

Relative humidity 80％or less

CO2: 17%

CH4: 8%

LCV 2,615 kcal/m3N

40℃ or less

Relative humidity 80％or less

20%

99%

Water

Gas

20%

85%

Water

Gas

Result of Gasification Test

21

80%

99%

1%

Solid

Residual

860℃（Continuous）

80%

85%

15%

Solid

Residual

700℃（Continuous）

Material（Wood Chip）

Material（Wood Chip）

Producer Producer

Result of Gasification Test

Outlet of gasifier

Outlet of Refromer

Gas volume wet m3N/h 348 269dry m3N/h 116 130

Gas temperature oC 650 474Moisture content vol% 66.7 51.7Gas components CO2 vol% 20 31

22

CO vol% 31 25H2 vol% 30 36CH4 vol% 13.6 7.4C2H4 vol% 3.1 0.2C2H6 vol% 0.3 <0.1C3H8 vol% <0.1 <0.1

Calorific value (lower) MJ/m3

N13.9 9.8

2468

1012

050

100150

200

250

Change of Calorific and volume

Gas

vol

ume

(m3 /h

)

Cal

orifi

c va

lue

of th

e ga

s (M

J/m

3 N)

23

Change in the calorific value of gas with time

Change in the gas volume with time

0

0 30 60 90 120 150

0

0 30 60 90 120 150Time (minutes)Time (minutes)

Gas

vol

ume

(m

Cal

orifi

c va

lue

of th

e ga

s (M

J/m

Thermal reforming of tarMeasured at the exit of reforming unit

Time 10:09 10:31 11:02 11:42 12:22 13:05Reforming temp.(℃) 715 867 1079 1227 1192 1200<

Oxygen (m3N/h) 7 8.77 9.02 14.14 14.39 14.36

24Tar in alcohol solvent

Middle Gas Engine for generator

25

Type MAN Cylinder V12Displacement 19LPower 350kW at Natural Gas 180kW at

Pyrolysis GasCompression ratio 11

Small Gas Engine for generator

26

Type 2GR-FE(Toyota)Cylinder V6Displacement 3.456LPower 30kW at Pyrolysis GasCompression ratio 10.8

HARRIER(TOYOTA)

We try to use car engine for power generation

30kW×5

Gasification Plant

180kW

Connect to diesel generator

27

500kW Diesel

To other plant

1. Rotary kiln gasifire system is effective for gasification of biomass of irregular size

2. Tar can be removed completely by thermal reforming

3. Biomass power generation is not able to follow the electrical load variation, but it may

Conclusion

28

follow the electrical load variation, but it may be based by the generator connected to the emergency power system, even in no grid such as disaster area

4. A motor vehicle engine can be used for biomass power generation