the effects of divorce on children
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Common Feelings Affecting Children and Practical Coping Strategies for ParentsTRANSCRIPT
The Effects of Divorce on Children:
Common Feelings Affecting Children and Practical Coping Strategies for Parents
By Melinda Gilliland & Brittany Troy
"Children of divorce go through a process of seeing a relationship
they believed and trusted in, fall apart.5"
With a Divorce
Rate of 41%,
approximately 1.5 million children are
affected each year
5
Children may experience stress
from:
Change
Fear of Abandonment
Loss of Attachment
Hostility between Parents
A child may grieve
Phases of
Grief
First PhaseShock
Denial
Anger
Second Phase
Anxiety
Guilt
Bargaining
Depression
“Masked Depression”
Withdraw from activities
Regression to earlier developmental
stage
Become clingy and insecure
Loss of appetite
Sleep disturbances
Acceptance Phase
A natural process
Restoration of self-confidence
Age-Specific Reactions to
Divorce
(Ages 5-8) Fearful, Insecure, and Helpless
Sadness, Crying, and Feelings of Guilt and
Abandonment
Anger
Loneliness
Shock
Surprise
Fear
Reject one parent
AGES 9-12
An Adolescent’s Reaction to Divorce
Paternal and Self-Blame
Loss, Sadness, Anger, and Pain Acting-out
Behaviors and Aggression
All of these reactions are normal behavior.
It is important to acknowledge your child’s
feelings and help them to cope with divorce in a
positive way.
What can YOU do to help your child?Here are some
strategies to help YOU.
Practical Coping Strategies
Mutual parental support
Teamwork
Still a family (team), just redefined.
Clear, Flexible
Boundaries
High Information Exchange
Constructive Problem Solving
… and maintain KNOWLEDGABLE, experienced, INVOVLED and
authoritative parenting. 8
Choose YOUR actions and words wisely,
Your children learn from your behavior.
“The longer and more conflictual the legal proceedings, the worse the co-parental relationship in the view of both parents. 8”
Children need parental SUPPORT after the traumatic process of divorce…
Without it life can feel like a long road they are traveling
ALONE.
Where can YOU seek
support• Counselors
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
• Family Nursing Collaborative
• Divorce Care: http://www.divorcecare.org/findagroup
• Divorce support: http://divorcesupport.meetup.com/
The internet provides an
easily accessible and
helpful community
network.
http://www.divorcedhappilyeverafter.com/
Divorced Happily Ever After
Click on the link below to visit the website
Parents Collaborating = Children Thriving
A blog to help parents of divorce learn to move past issues and communicate and interact with
their Ex in order to create a happy, healthy childhood for their kids. 3
SUPPORT FOR YOUR CHILDREN
Some helpful ideas…
Local support groups for kidsDivorceCare for Kids (DC4K)
http://www.dc4k.org/
“Help your child heal from the pain of
divorce. 2”
Groups across the US, Canada, the UK, New Zealand, Australia and
South Africa.
This group aims to help your children:• Learn to understand their feelings• Express their emotions appropriately• Feel better about themselves• Develop coping skills• Be introduced to biblical concepts that
will bring comfort
…or find other groups in your area online.
Visit their website:
The Promotion of Wellness In Children & FamiliesPromoting Resilience and Healthy
Developmental Trajectories “Children who blame themselves and have misconceptions or inaccurate attributions about the divorce have been shown to
have more difficulties.4”
“Preventive interventions that focus on building effective coping styles, clarifying misconceptions, framing realistic appraisals of control, and making accurate attributions for
parental problems have been shown to relate to better adjustment in school-aged children. 4”
Active coping that involves problem
solving and positive thinking predicted
lower depression in children and
alleviates the effects of stress on children’s conduct problems. 4
Children of Divorce Intervention Program (CODIP)Child-Focused Intervention
One child-focused intervention in an evidence based article is the Children of Divorce Intervention Program (CODIP), a preventative school-based intervention founded on “theories of the prevention of social and emotional difficulties and research on factors predicting risk and resilience in children in the aftermath of divorce. 4”
http://www.childrensinstitute.net/programs/codip
Please click on the link below to visit their website.
This is an award winning program since it’s development in 1982. The CODIP has helped thousands of children in countries around the world, including the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia cope more effectively with parental divorce.
I- StatementsOne effective way to communicate a “problem”
with your child.This includes:1) A description of the unacceptable behavior.2) The feeling experienced by the parent.3) The real, concrete effect on the parent.
Example: “I feel angry when toys are left on the floor because someone could trip on them.”
I-statements are more effective than you-statements, which tend to create distance between the parent and child, places blame on others, and usually create defensiveness and resistance.
Benefits of using I-statements compared to you-statements:• More specific.• Focus attention on problems rather than personalities. • Simple concept that children can understand.• Expresses a warmer and more accepting type of concern for
those perceived as the creator of the problem.• Creates less defensiveness and resistance.• Helps to locate the problem inside the person making the
statement.• Tends to move a family toward healthy problem solving
processes.
“I-statements are less-apt to provoke resistance and rebellion and they are less threatening. 1”
YOU can make a difference
in your child’s life.Talk to your kids.Be honest,Be positive,Be caring,
& ensure your child has a happy, healthy
life.
Thank you for watching!
References
1. Burr, W. R. (1990). Beyond I-Statements in Family Communication. Family Relations , Vol.
39, No. 3, pp. 266-273.
2. DivorceCare for Kids (2013,April 23). Retrieved from http://www.dc4k.org/
3. Marlene Clay (2013, April 23). Divorce Happily Ever After. Retrieved from
http://www.divorcedhappilyeverafter.com/
4. Pedro-Carroll, J. (2001). The promotion of wellness in children and families: Challenges
and opportunities. American Psychologist, 56(11), 993-1004. doi:10.1037/0003-
066X.56.11.993
5. Stambaugh, S. E., Hector, M. A., & Carr, A. R. (2011). How I Remember My Parents'
Divorce: A Phenomenological Investigation. Issues In Mental Health
Nursing, 32(2), 121-130.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.unh.edu/10.3109/01612840.2010.531520
6. Warner, H. L., Mahoney, A., & Krumrei, E. J. (2009). When parents break sacred vows:
The role of spiritual appraisals, coping, and struggles in young adults’
adjustment to parental divorce. Psychology Of Religion And Spirituality, 1(4), 233-
248. doi:10.1037/a0016787
7. Weston, F. (2009). Effects of divorce or parental separation on children. British
School of Nursing, 4(5), 237-243. CINAHL Plus with Full Text
8. Wright, L. & Leahey, M. (2005). Nurses and Families: A Guide to Family
Assessment and Intervention. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company