THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMMr. Vazquez

Period 1- Family Life

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Endocrine Glands- ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

Hormones-Chemical Messengers that help regulate many bodily functions

Key & Lock Mechanism

Some trigger functions, Some trigger glands

Hormone levels are controlled by many factors

PITUITARY GLAND

Pituitary Gland aka Master Gland

Three sections Anterior, Intermediate, Posterior

Anterior-Growth Hormones, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Sexual Glands

Intermediate- Melanocyte (Skin Pigment)

Posterior- ADH (Water Regulation)

ADRENAL GLANDS

Stress Relief & Emergency Response

Two Parts: Adrenal Cortex & Adrenal Medulla

Cortex- Hormones that control sodium levels, metabolism of 3 basic nutrients, and blood pressure

Medulla- Epinephrine aka. Adrenaline

Epinephrine- Increases breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and suppresses digestion

OTHER GLANDS

Hypothalamus- Activates the Pituitary Gland

Pineal- Releases Melatonin (Sleep & Puberty)

Thyroid- Regulates metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

Pancreas-Glucagon and Insulin

Testes & Ovaries- Sexual Development both primary and secondary

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTH

Sleep

Balanced Meals

Stress Levels

Genetic

Increase in hormones=Health Problems

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE REPRODUCTION

Two functions- Produce and Store Sperm

Sperm- The male gametes, or reproductive cells

Must be transferred to females body for reproduction

Puberty 12-15

Testosterone Production stimulated by the pituitary gland

Can produce sperm for lifetime

EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Testes (Testicles)-two small glands that produce sperm & testosterone

Scrotum-an external skin sac

Penis-the tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes

^Made of spongy tissue and many blood vessels=Erections

Semen-a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions

Ejaculation-muscular contractions that force out sperm/semen at the height of sexual arousal

REPRODUCTION CONTINUED

Fertilization- the joining of male and female egg cell

Foreskin-At birth the tip of the penis is covered by a thin, loose skin

Circumcision- The removal of the foreskin

Sperm cannot live in hot temperatures, acidic areas

Scrotum=temperature regulator, movement of the testicles

Tight clothing=less living sperm

MAINTAINING A HEALTHY SYSTEM

Wash

Wear protective equipment

Practice abstinence

Perform Regular Self-Examinations

Get Regular Check-Ups

MALE REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS

STD’s

Inguinal Hernia-intestines push through a tear in the abdominal wall

Sterility-inability to reproduce, few sperm or sperm quality. Exposure to x-rays, radiation, toxic chemicals, hormonal imbalances, STD’s, drugs

Testicular Cancer

Prostate Problems/Prostate Cancer

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Two functions-Producing sex hormones & eggs

Eggs/Ova-Female gametes

Ovaries-The female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormone

Uterus-hollow, muscular, pear shaped organ that protects and nourishes a fertilized egg until birth

400,000 Ova

Ovulation- The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Fallopian Tubes- a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum

Vagina-A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

Zygote- a fertilized egg

MENSTRUATION

Female Maturity, Uterus thickens

Endometrium breaks down

Menstruation-the shedding of the uterine lining

Cervix-The opening from the uterus to the vagina

10-15 years of age

Hormones control

Menopause 45-55

MAINTAINING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Bathe Regularly

Medical Exams-(Pap Smear)

Practice Abstinence

Breast Self-Exam

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PROBLEMS

Menstrual Cramps

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

FEMALE REP. PROBLEMS CONTINUED

Endometriosis- Uterine tissues grow elsewhere

STD’s

Vaginitis

Ovarian Cysts

Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers