the fire place - life: laser inertial fusion-based energy · 2010-01-21 · x-rays and ion fluxes...
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LIFE: Laser Inertial Fusion-based
Energy
Presented byJeff Latkowski
LIFE Chief Engineer
Fusion Power AssociatesDecember 3rd, 2009
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Laser2.8 MJ (1ω),
2.3 MJ (2ω) @ 15 Hz14% η
Power cycleη = 61%
Gfusion = 5142 MWlaser
1807 MWfusion
Gblanket = 1.2
2168 MWthermal
303 MWe(27% recirc)
25 MWe
Pumps /aux. power
Togrid
1001 MWeProcess heat
1329 MWe 839 MWth
LIFE power flow for a hotspot pure fusion system
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Moses, 24th Annual ASPE Meeting 7
Laser diodes and He gas cooling enable a NIF-like architecture to meet LIFE high rep rate high efficiency requirements
These technologies have been developed as part of the Mercury Project and allows ultra-compact laser architectures
High Speed Gas CoolingHigh Power Diode Arrays
3 W/cm2 cooling (average)100 kW peak power
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20 m
Advanced lasers and modular systems make the facility small and enable rapid construction and maintenance
• Modular (advanced architecture) lasers that could be factory built
• Separate first wall & blanket modules for rapid & independent replacement
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NIF-1009-17579
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NIF-1009-17579
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Injection demonstration at GA to simulate the full length of a LIFE fueling system have demonstrated many objectives
• Injection at 6 Hz (burst mode) 400 m/sec to 200 µm demonstrated• Additional R&D needed for Cryogenic targets and >10 Hz
12Moses, 24th Annual ASPE Meeting
• Injection at 6 Hz and 400 m/s to 5 mm accuracy demonstrated• Additional R&D needed for cryogenic targets and higher accuracy
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Target fratricide and heating during injection are manageable
• DT ice preheat of 100 mK is deemed acceptable (and conservative):—Target injector parameters satisfy fratricide constraints:
– Injector nozzle ~15 m from chamber center– Two mean free paths of neutron shielding (~15 cm) on shutter– 250 m/s injection velocity
• Hohlraum acts as thermal insulator to protect capsule during injection:—Radiation heating to capsule:
– Polyimide transmits in the IR– Radiation shield (Al/polyimide/Al) gives 99% reflectivity
—Convective heating of polyimide window dominates:– Heat transfer coefficient ~8 W/m2-K at window edge– Window heats to ~80% of decomposition temperature
• Several options for reducing target injection risk:—Higher velocities / shorter distances reduced heating time—Tailored target output reduced chamber gas density— Injection with cool gas plume reduced ∆T and h
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August 2, 2007 Laser ICF Fusion/Fission Discussion 15
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X-rays and ion fluxes are simply mitigated
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0-11 deg.11-21 deg.21-30 deg.30-39 deg.39-51 deg.51-60 deg.60-71 deg.71-81 deg.81-90 deg.
Photon energy [keV]
Chamber fill gas can attenuate x-rays and ions to protect the first wall
Parameter Value
Target yield 120 MJRepetition rate 15 HzFusion power 1800 MW
Chamber radius 4 mX-rays 14 MJ (12%)Ions 12 MJ (10%)
n10
xAu, p, d, t, etc.
Spec
tral
Flu
ence
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x-rays
ions
n
2.5 µg/cm3 Xe
4 m
Thermally robust targets allow for a protective chamber gas to absorb all ions and 90% of x-rays
9− 8− 7− 6− 5− 4− 3− 2−600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
C)
log(t(s))T(
°C)
Protective background gas re-radiates ion and x-ray energy over a timescale thermal conduction can effectively remove it
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Chamber conditions must support laser beam propagation for the next shot
• Base case design is robust with respect to chamber design:— 120 MJ fusion yield @ 15 Hz— 4 m radius— 2.5 µg/cc xenon
• Chamber design trades-off:— First wall protection stop ions & attenuate x-rays in Xe/Kr — Target heating during injection dominated by IR from 1st wall— Laser beam propagation ~1% inverse Bremsstrahlung loss
• System optimization is likely to result in smaller chambers:— Beam propagation with increased gas densities— Gas cocktails for better x-ray attenuation— Tailored target output for fewer x-rays
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Chamber designed for rapid replacement
First wall module
Blanket module
Vacuum vessel
Coolant extraction plenum
Coolant injectionplenum
Laser beam tubes
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Modular chambers have independent first walls that can be replaced without moving the blanket
First wall module
Blanketmodule
Coolant injection & extraction plena
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LIFE Seminar Series, R. Abbott, 11/6/2008 22
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NIF-0000-12345.ppt Talk or Conference Name, Date 23
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NIF-0000-12345.ppt Talk or Conference Name, Date 24
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NIF-0000-12345.ppt Talk or Conference Name, Date 25
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NIF-0000-12345.ppt Talk or Conference Name, Date 26
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• LIFE systems will be highly modular and morecompact than NIF
• The high degree of separability inherent to IFE translates into a significant development path advantage
• LIFE could be fielded as a pure fusion plant or as a hybrid to complete waste-related missions
• A pilot plant could be operational a decade after NIF ignition and that a commercial power plant could be running a decade after that
Summary
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