the holocaust lasted 12 years. in 1933, when adolf hitler and his nazi party gained power in...
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THE HOLOCAUST
Holocaust
The Holocaust lasted 12 years. In 1933, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party gained power in Germany, some 9 million Jewish people lived in Europe. By 1945, when Hitler’s regime was defeated, two of every three of those people had been murdered along with anyone else Hitler deemed undesirable.
Hitler’s Nazi Party
Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s failures
Scapegoat – fully blaming a group for a problem
Created Anti-Semitism propaganda – posters, radio, movie against Jews
The German government issued a firestorm of propaganda speaking against the Jewish population. Jewish individuals faced random inspections and interrogations.
Hitler’s Master Race
Wanted to make Germany racially “pure” - get rid of “bad blood” (Jewish) from society
Wanted to create the Aryan Race – Blond hair, blue eye, strong, tall
Write a summary of the rise of Hitler’s Nazi Party
Segregation:Signs alerting of a Jewish curfew and limiting where they can ride on the trolley. Eventually all Jewish people are removed to a walled-off portion of each city called a “ghetto.”
Because Jews were considered enemies of the state, radios, weapons, valuables, and basic civil rights were confiscated at the beginning of the war. All Jewish persons must wear a yellow star on their clothing to identify themselves.
Write a summary of Segregation
Deportation: When the ghettos no longer served their purpose, the Jewish population was deported to concentration camps (part of Hitler’s “Final Solution”). Each person was told they could bring one bag of belongings, but those bags usually remained on the station platform as they were shoved into boxcars (80 people to 1 boxcar).
Any found hiding in bunkers to avoid deportation from the ghettos were shot.
Intimidation and No Escape
Hunted like fugitives, subjected to death marches, even those found harboring or aiding them were sentenced to work camps or execution.
“Work will set you free”
Summary of Deportation process
The selection process Once prisoners
arrived to a concentration camp, there was a “selection” process. They separated men and women/children, split families apart
They performed physical exams
The weak, sick, and old were pushed in one direction
The able bodied were pushed in the other…
Selection: Those that were not selected for immediate death lived on a diet of one mug of black coffee, one bowl of soup and some stale bread. Their clothes, shoes and even their gold teeth and glasses were confiscated. Each received a tattoo on their left arm—they no longer had names, just numbers. Their heads were shaved and the fallen hair was sometimes braided into rope. They slept in barracks, usually four persons to a bunk.
Summarize “selection process”
There were two kinds of camps:
Work Camps for the Healthy and Strong.
Death Camps: Cremation Ovens Containing Remains of Those “Selected” to Die.
Death Camps – mass executions
Carbon monoxide gas is piped in from engines placed outside the chamber, but Zyklon-B will later be substituted. Bodies are burned (cremated) in open pits.
Auschwitz-Birkenau records its highest-ever daily number of persons gassed and burned at just over 9,000. Six huge pits are used to burn bodies, as the number exceeds the capacity of the crematories.
Warehouse of Victim’s Clothes and Shoes
Though many prisoners in the concentration camps froze from lack of proper clothing, after the war, their liberators found storehouses filled with confiscated clothing and shoes.
Camp Commander Stands among His Victims
Bails of Victim’s Hair
The Holocaust 1933-1945Estimated killings of:
6 million Jews 1.8 million Poles (Christian) 250,000-500,000 Gypsies 75,000-250,000 People with Intellectual or
Physical Disabilities 10,000-25,000 Homosexuals 100,000 Communists Additionally, Soviet POWs, Political Prisoners, etc.
were Killed in Nazi-Run Concentration Camp.
Many Jews who sought refuge in the USA were turned away due to the immigration quotas act. In 1943, going beyond the power of his office, President Roosevelt authorized an additional 1000 refugees to be brought to the US and kept at Fort Ontario.
As World War II ends…
Soviet forces were the first to approach a major Nazi camp, reaching Majdanek near Lublin, Poland, in July 1944. Surprised by the rapid Soviet advance, the Germans attempted to hide the evidence of mass murder by demolishing the camp. Camp staff set fire to the large crematorium used to burn bodies of murdered prisoners, but in the hasty evacuation the gas chambers were left standing.
Piles of corpses, soon after the liberation of the Mauthausen camp. Austria, after May 5,
1945.— US Holocaust Memorial Museum
Summarize Concentration Camps & Discovery of camps
United Nations led Nuremburg Trials
Definition: trials for Nazi leaders for atrocities, particularly the Holocaust.
-Over 200 Nazi leaders were found guilty
-12 were sentenced to death
Nuremburg Trials
Twelve prominent Nazis were sentenced to
death. Most of the defendants admitted to
the crimes of which they were accused,
although most claimed that they were
simply following the orders of a higher
authority. Those individuals directly involved
in the killing received the most severe
sentences.
Results
Made precedent that soldiers cannot
commit terrible crimes and claim, “I
did it because I was
told to…”
Summarize Nuremburg Trials
Watch this movie
A summary of the Holocaust
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULpLkhL-p_o