THE KATIPUNAN

The Who?

Andres Bonifacio

Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Aguinaldo

• “That is enough!” thought Bonifacio after the shocking news of Rizal’s exile to Dapitan.

• “Insurection”, Del Pilar wrote in La Solidaridad, “is the last remedy, especially when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile.

• Their goal was transformed from assimilation to separation and then independence

Founding of the Katipunan• Founded on the night of July 7, 1892.• Azcarraga St. (Claro M. Recto St.)• Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng

mga Anak ng Bayan• Supreme and Most Honorable Society of the Children

of the Nation• Suprema y Venerable Asociacion de los Hijos del

pueblo • Founder: Andres Bonifacio, with the aid of his friends:

– Teodoro Plata– Ladislao Diwa– Deodato Arellano– Valentin Diaz

The aims of the Katipunan• Political- Separation from Spain• Moral- Good Morals, good hygiene• Civic- Selp Help and defence of the

poor and the oppressed.• To unite the Filipinos into one solid

nation• To fight for Philippine independence

from Spain. The Katipunan prepared the country for an armed revolution to regain the country’s lost freedom.

Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council)It decided cases involving treachery among the members and quarrels between them.

Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal Council)for every town.

Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council)for every province.

Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council)for the whole country

Consisted of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.

Secret initiation of the Katipunan

• A candidate for membership was first blindfolded and entered a secret room. In the room there was a table with a lamp, a skull, and a bolo. The blindfold was removed from his eyes. He was given a test on the history of the Philippines to show that he knew the Spaniards had oppressed the Filipinos. He had to pass other tests on his patriotism, courage and sincerity.

KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP• Originally the KKK recruited new

members by means of TRIANGLE SYSTEM – An original member would recruit two new

members who did not know each other.– Example: Bonifacio formed the first

triangle with Diwa and Plata• They also agreed that they would pay a

membership fee amounting to one real fuerte (twenty-five centavos) and a monthly due of media real (twelve centavos).

Membership in the Katipunan

Third Grade: Bayani (Patriot)

They wore red mask. Their password was “Rizal.”

Second Grade: Kawal (Soldier)They wore green mask. Their passwords was

“GOM-BUR-ZA.”

First Grade: Katipun (associate)They wore black mask. Their password was “Anak ng

Bayan (Sons of the People).”

Katipunan Flags

The katipuneros

Andres Bonifacio• The Great Plebeian• Born in Tondo on November

30, 1863, the first child of poor parents.

• Named after St. Andrew the patron saint of Manila.

• He had three brothers and two sisters:– Ciriaco– Procopio– Espiridiona– Troadio– Maxima

• His parents died when he was 14 years old.

• He supported his siblings by selling bamboo canes and paper fans in the city streets.

• He also worked as a warehouse keeper in a mosaic tile factory in Sta. Mesa.

• He worked first as a messenger and was promoted as an agent in Fleming and Company but he transferred to Fressell and Company for a higher wage.

• He started his education in the school of Guillermo Osmeña, a private primary school in Tondo.

• He educated himself by extensive reading of good books and learning Spanish by self-study.

• Monica – first wife of Bonifacio who died because of leprosy

• Gregoria de Jesus – second wife of Bonifacio whom he had a son named Andres who died because of smallpox.

Emilio Jacinto• Brains of the Katipunan• Born in Trozo (Tondo),

Manila on December 15, 1875.

• His father died shortly after he was born so he was adopted by his uncle Don Jose Dizon

• Obtained the Bachelor of Arts’ degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letran

• Studied Law in UST but was not able to finish it.

• Remained loyal to Bonifacio even after his death.

• He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23 years old because of Malaria.

Deodato Arellano President

Jose Rizal Honorary President

Andres Bonifacio Comptroller/Auditor

Ladislao Diwa FiscalTeodoro Plata Secretary Valentin Diaz Treasures

Officers (first election) August 1892

Roman Basa President

Andres Bonifacio Comptroller/Auditor

Andres Bonifacio FiscalJose Turiano Santiago Secretary Vicento Molina Treasures

Officers (Second election) February 1893

3rd Election Dec 1895• Supremo – Andres Bonifacio• Secretary of State – Emilio Jacinto• Secretary of War – Teodoro Plata• Secretary of Justice – Briccio Pantas• Secretary of Interior – Aguedo del

Rosario• Secretary of Finance – Enrique

Pacheco

• Every member of the Katipunan adopted a symbolic name:– Andres Bonifacio – May Pagasa– Emilio Jacinto – Pingkian– Artemio Ricarte – Vibora– Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo

• Women also joined the Katipunan. To be admitted in the women’s section, one had to be a wife, daughter, or sister of a Katipunero to ensure the secrecy of the movement.

• When a secret meeting was being held, the female Katipuneros pretended it was a party by singing songs and dancing.

Qualifications for Female Members

• Wife of a Katipunero• Daughter of a Katipunero• Sister of a Katipunero• Any close relative of a Katipunero

Prominent Katipuneras

• Gregoria de Jesus – wife of Bonifacio and was called Lakambini of the Katipunan.

Sisters of Rizal

Josefa Rizal Trinidad Rizal

Melchora Ramos y Aquino• Tandang Sora (January

6, 1812 – March 2, 1919)

• Mother of the Katipunan• She fed the Katipuneros

and nursed the wounded patriots

• Later she was arrested by the Spanish authorities and was exiled in Marianas.

Literature of the Katipunan

• Emilio Jacinto – youngest and greatest writer of the Katipunan

• His pen name was Dimas-Ilaw• He wrote the following:

– A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece– Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on

human rights, liberty, equality of men, labor, and love of country.

– Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings of the KKK.

Decalogue (Ten Commandments of Katipunan)

• Bonifacio wrote a decalogue or 10 commandments titled Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Duties to be Observed by the Sons of the Country) to lay down the guidelines for good citizenship.

• He also wrote a patriotic poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan (Love for Country)

Kalayaan

• Newspaper of the KKK

• Realizing the value of the printed word, Bonifacio and his friends established a printing press and an organ of for the society.

Isabelo delos Reyes

• The printing pres was purchased from him.

• The money used to by the printing press was donated by two Visayan katipuneros:– Francisco del Castillo– Candido Iban – whose

ticket won the lottery.

Jose Rizal and the Katipunan • From the time that Rizal was

banished in Dapitan in July of 1892, he has devoted himself to helping the people in Dapitan.

• Bonifacio tried hard to convince Rizal to support the armed revolt, because he believed that if Rizal would give his approval, that would enable the reluctant ilustrados to support the cause of the Katipunan.

• Pio Valenzuela – was sent by Bonifacio in Dapitan to convince Rizal to give his approval.

• Rizal – believed that it was foolishness to fight the Spaniards without sufficient arms and funds.– He suggested that the Katipuneros

wait for sometime before the launching of an armed struggle.

• Even so, he suggested as to why not attract the influential and wealthy Filipinos to the cause to ensure the success of the revolution. He also suggested ANTONIO LUNA to be appointed as their MILITARY LEADER

• Valenzuela came back to Manila and reported the results of his mission, Bonifacio admitted that it would be fatal for them to start a revolution without enough weaponry with which to fight the enemy.

• Paciano Rizal – Jose Rizal’s older brother supported Bonifacio.

• Bonifacio – hang Rizal’s portrait in their headquarters.

The Katipunan and Japan• The Katipunan sought Japan’s aid in

the coming revolution.– In May 1896, a Katipunan delegation,

headed by Bonifacio and Jacinto, secretly contacted a visiting Japanese naval officer of the cruiser Kongo, and the Japanese consul at a Japanese bazaar and requested Japanese aid against Spain.

– Moritaro Tagawa – a Japanese married to Filipina from Bocaue, Bulacan acted as interpreter.