the oaks of sevenoaks · pdf filethe giant root‐ball dwarfs the family kw the stricken...

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Our town is enveloped and ennobled by its trees. Several are older than some of our ancient buildings. Many are far more pleasing on the eye and worthy of respect than certain specimens of modern construction. Despite the ravages of nature and the luckily rare instances of human atrocity, they remain our pride and joy, and a powerful symbol of survival and regeneration. Of especial significance of course are our oak trees. Arguably the uprooting of six mighty oaks on the Vine, 25 years ago today, did more than anything to put Sevenoaks on the map. The following article (an expanded version of a feature in the latest newsletter) has been written to mark the anniversary of the Great Storm, and in recognition of the society’s role in helping to publicise and preserve our natural heritage. 16 th October 2012 The Oaks of Sevenoaks A Night to Remember “I have seen Tempests, when the scolding winds Have riv’d the knotty oaks …” (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar) The force was so strong it blew the mortar through the ragstone brick, even penetrating the wallpaper, covering it with a thin sheet of grey dust. The incessant roar drowned the sound of what was happening just feet away outside in those early hours of 16 th October, 25 years ago. The kids petrified, huddling in the dark, the power gone thought the end of the world had come. As dawn broke, the shocked family gazed out of the window at the unbelievable scene of devastation. I was away, in Berkshire. “Are you sitting down?” asked my wife when she rang before I was due to give my first lecture after an undisturbed night’s sleep. I feared the worst. “The trees have gone” she said. But we’re OK: they just missed the house. The garden is a mess, and we don’t have a garage any more. And there’s one tree still standing. We were shaken, that’s all.” The six felled trees, on that night of “the Great Storm”, were of course the famous majestic oaks on the Vine, planted in 1902 to commemorate the coronation of Edward VII. Winds of over 100 mph battered the district between 2 and 6 am. As Bob Ogley put it: “In the woodlands of Sevenoaks God played his giant game of skittles”. Two of the 70 foot oaks landed in our front garden. The one immediately outside our house in Park Lane fell at an angle, so avoiding the building by inches. In full leaf, and on saturated, sandy soil, they were unable to resist the might of the storm that swept through the south of England, laying low 15 million trees in all. (They were of course “the wrong type of oaks”. They were nonnative Turkey Oaks, chosen because of their fastgrowing nature – and hence having shallower roots than native oaks).

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Page 1: The Oaks of Sevenoaks  · PDF fileThe giant root‐ball dwarfs the family KW The stricken trees became a national symbol of the wrath of the hurricane

Our  town  is  enveloped  and  ennobled  by  its  trees.  Several  are  older  than  some  of  our  ancient 

buildings.  Many are far more pleasing on the eye and worthy of respect than certain specimens  of 

modern    construction.    Despite  the  ravages  of  nature  and  the  luckily  rare  instances  of  human 

atrocity, they remain our pride and joy, and a powerful symbol of survival and regeneration.  

Of especial significance of course are our oak trees.   Arguably the up‐rooting of six mighty oaks on 

the Vine, 25 years ago today, did more than anything to put Sevenoaks on the map.   

The following article (an expanded version of a feature in the latest newsletter) has been written to 

mark  the  anniversary  of  the  Great  Storm,  and  in  recognition  of  the  society’s  role  in  helping  to 

publicise and  preserve our natural heritage. 

16th October 2012 

The Oaks of Sevenoaks 

A  Night to Remember 

“I have seen Tempests, when the scolding winds Have riv’d the knotty oaks …”                                                                            (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar)  The  force  was  so  strong  it  blew  the  mortar  through  the  ragstone  brick,  even  penetrating  the 

wallpaper,  covering it  with a thin sheet of grey dust. The incessant roar drowned the sound of what 

was happening just feet away outside in those early hours of 16th October, 25 years ago.  The kids ‐  

petrified, huddling  in the dark, the power gone ‐ thought the end of the world had come. As dawn 

broke, the shocked family gazed out of the window at the unbelievable scene of devastation. 

I was away, in Berkshire. “Are you sitting down?” asked my wife when she rang before I was due to 

give my first  lecture after an undisturbed night’s sleep.    I feared the worst. “The trees have gone” 

she  said. But we’re OK:  they  just missed  the house.   The garden  is a mess, and we don’t have   a 

garage any more.  And there’s one tree still standing.  We were shaken, that’s all.”     

The six felled  trees, on that night of “the Great Storm”, were of course the famous  majestic oaks on 

the Vine, planted  in 1902 to commemorate the coronation of Edward VII. Winds of over 100 mph 

battered the district between 2 and 6 am. As Bob Ogley put it:  “In the woodlands of Sevenoaks God 

played his giant game of  skittles”.   Two of  the 70  foot oaks  landed  in our  front garden.   The one 

immediately outside our house in Park Lane fell at an angle, so avoiding the building by inches.   In 

full leaf, and on saturated, sandy soil, they were unable to resist the might of the storm that swept 

through the south of England, laying low 15 million trees in all.  

(They were of course “the wrong type of oaks”.   They were non‐native Turkey Oaks, chosen because 

of their fast‐growing nature – and hence having shallower roots than native oaks). 

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An aerial view of the Vine oaks before 1987. 

 

 

The Wade children gaze in astonishment                KW 

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The giant root‐ball dwarfs the family                   KW 

The stricken trees became a national symbol of the wrath of the hurricane (pedants alone refuse to 

call it such).  Our house was on the front page of The Independent. A postcard from Perth, Australia, 

reached us addressed to “One Oak”.  The name of Michael Fish was immortalised.  I could not return 

home: the roads were blocked.  The army moved in. 

      

A sad end …                      KW 

Across  the main road, on  the Old Pound green,  two more much younger oaks, of North American 

origin,  also met  their  fate.  Seven  had  been  planted  in  1947  by  personnel  from  the  Canadian Air 

Force, in gratitude for being billeted in the town.  The remaining five still survive, in front of The Vine 

restaurant. 

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                                KW 

The  replacement  oaks  on  the  Vine  itself were  donated  by  the  Forestry  Commission  and  English 

sessile oaks were planted with due ceremony and celebrities wielding spades at a “Hurricane Fayre” 

in December 1987.  As part of the Council’s contingency planning against future similar eventualities, 

seven were planted alongside the one still standing.  On the morning of the first anniversary of the 

storm, we discovered that the young unprotected saplings had been vandalised. They  in turn were 

replaced, this time using more mature specimens, planted by  local school‐children and guarded by 

iron railings. A time‐capsule with memorabilia of the storm was sunk in the Vine Gardens. 

       A very different view: the saplings before they were vandalised and replaced with the trees we see now.                       KW 

The storm has been commemorated in many ways – on beer mugs, tea‐towels and pub signs, and in 

TV  programmes,  newspaper  features  and  a  children’s  book  “King  Oak”.    I  let  slip  the  business 

opportunity of potting up  the hundreds of acorns, growing  them on and selling  them  to  residents 

and the numerous sightseers as scions of the great oaks.    Within weeks  Bob Ogley, then editor of 

the Sevenoaks Chronicle, had put together the memorable text and spectacular  pictures of “In the 

Wake of  the Hurricane”, which went on  to become a national best‐seller.    In  September 2011, a 

large Burr Oak table, made from Sevenoaks trees laid low in the storm, appeared for sale at auction 

(we had been  told  that since  the Vine  trees were Turkey oaks  they were unsuitable  for  furniture. 

However fragments are still in my back garden). Some good did come from the ill wind: other wood 

was sent to Hampton Court for use in the reconstruction following the fire in 1986. 

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 The morning after: “King Oak” is the sole survivor.                 KW 

 

”Sennoke”  or  (as  some  call  it)  Seven  Oke,  of  a  number  of  trees,  as  they  coniecture 

(William Lambarde, 1576) 

So where was the first group of seven oaks? No‐one knows for sure, and records of the early days of 

Sevenoaks  are  sparse;  but  it  is  accepted  wisdom  that  our  town  was  named  after  a  clump  of 

distinctive oaks. Some speculate that they may have been here as early as 800 AD, growing  in   the 

ancient woodlands of what became the Manor of  Knole  Park. 

The  Textus  Roffensis  provides  sure  evidence  that  a  church  and  place  with  the  Saxon  name  of 

Seouenaca existed  in 1112.    It  is possible  that  three centuries earlier  travellers using  the  trackway 

that represented the first significant north/south penetration of the great forest of Andredeswald,  

resting on the ridge and seeking sanctuary from wild beasts in the chapel/hospital, also took shelter 

under the branches of a prominent  road‐side grove of oaks.  So the original  site may well have been  

close to the subsequent church of St Nicholas (the patron saint of merchants)   – and it was around  

here  that  the  first  settlement arose, possibly around 900 AD,   when  the  trees were   already well 

established.  Hasted writes in 1797  that the name Seouenaca “was given to it from seven large oaks, 

standing on the hill where the town is, at the time of its first being built”. Dunlop concludes that the 

seven oak trees “were within, or  just outside, the area bounded today by Park Grange, St Nicholas 

Church, The Red House and Sevenoaks School”. 

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  A 1900 woodcut by Charles Essenhigh Corke, imagining the “original” oaks of the town.  

If they did exist, we cannot know for how long they survived. Medieval records contain no mention 

of  the  oaks,  and  they may well  have  disappeared  by  1432 when William  Sevenoke  founded  his 

school.  (Of  the many  legends associated with William, best mate of Dick Whittington, one  claims 

that he was discovered under a clump of seven oaks at Riverhill.   Hasted writes that he “was found a 

desolate and forlorn orphan, in the hollow body of an oak”; Lambarde however had asserted that the 

abandoned orphan was discovered   “lying in the streetes at Sennocke”).  

Writing  in 1570, Lambarde, who knew the area well, makes no reference to the original site or any 

extant group of oaks. 18th and 19th  century guide books  repeat  the accepted origin of  the  town’s 

name but confirm that the trees  no longer existed. For example, The road‐book “Britannia Depicta” 

of 1731, as part of the description of “The Rye Road”, states that “Sevenoaks received its name from 

seven oaks of extraordinary size which grew in or near it at its first  building but have  been long since 

cut down”. 

Not till the 19th century is there any evidence of another group of seven trees. The Ordnance Survey 

of 1871 shows seven spaced in a line to the south of the White Hart pub, at the edge of Sevenoaks 

Common. Black’s 1874 “Guide to Kent” states that the original oaks “which conspicuously occupied 

the summit of the hill … are now represented by seven younger trees nearly opposite (sic)  the White 

Hart inn on the Tunbridge Road”.  

 1907 

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The age of those trees is not known, although some believe that they may have been 200 years old 

when they met their demise. The White Hart’s web‐site states that they were planted  in 1728 “as 

part of a tradition to perpetuate the name of the town” but this cannot be verified and seems too 

early. Since they were planted on the Common of the manor of Sevenoaks,  Dunlop   wonders if they 

may have been set  there at  the side of  the new  turnpike  road at  the behest of  the Third Duke of 

Dorset, who greatly enlarged Knole Park, and who died in 1799.  (But he also draws attention to an 

entry in the Knole estate accounts dated 11th December 1807:  ”Mr Modsell  for the Seven Oaks near 

the White Hart Inn £78” – which seems to imply their later purchase). 

In 1955 these oaks were felled by Sevenoaks Urban District Council, who were mistakenly informed 

that they were unsafe.   On 20th March 1955,     seven replacements were provided by Lord Sackville 

and  planted  on  the  same  site  by  Vita  Sackville‐West  and  Councillor  E  Viner,  Chairwoman  of  the 

Council.    They  survive  today,  but  as  weak,  ungainly  specimens,  their  growth  stunted  by  the 

encroaching canopy of other nearby trees. And at my count there are eight – the seven English oaks 

and one American interloper at the south end (on the left in the colour photo below) 

                 The replanted oaks                                                                               

 

 KW 

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In March 2010 Sevenoaks Town councillors decided that we needed more oaks, and it was agreed 

that for the next seven years each incoming mayor would plant one. On Tuesday 27 April 2010 the 

Town Mayor, Cllr Mrs Ann Dawson, planted the first on Brittains Common. Three young trees now 

stand by the side of London Road on the northern approach to the town, opposite the old police 

station ‐ and largely unknown I suspect.  (The species chosen was Quercus robur fastigata, or 

Cypress Oak, which was apparently selected for its interesting narrow shape). 

 KW 

(Note: A fourth  oak was planted in November 2012 by Town Mayor Richard Parry). 

From Little Acorns …. 

But as well as all these commemorative trees, there are many other notable oaks  in the area, self‐

sown or planted, some marking ancient  land boundaries because of their strength and endurance, 

others  in private gardens. The  two oak  trees  in  the walls of St Nicholas’  churchyard date back  to 

around 1735. Hundreds of oaks were planted  in the 18th and 19th centuries  in the great parks and 

estates such as Wildernesse. 

 Some of the oldest of course are  in Knole Park, although many, some perhaps 400 years or more 

old, fell victim to the great storm. Amongst other magnificent trees, it once boasted the tallest oak in 

Kent. The 1895 photograph below claims to show “the oldest oak  in England” – probably a fanciful 

assertion at the time.  This venerable specimen, called “Old Oak” or “The Witches’ Tree”, is no more:  

another victim of vandals,  this  time  in 1954.   Old maps  (eg  that of 1898) clearly  show  the  site of 

some of the grandest trees – King Beech, The Old Oak, and King John Oak – in the Hookwood area of 

the park north of Echo’s Mount. 

King John is alleged to have hidden in an oak tree in the park, but all that remains is a stump: it also 

met an  ignoble end  ‐ at the fiery hands of “excitable youngsters”  in the 1950’s.   (Had the youth of 

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the  town  nothing  better  to  do  in  the  50’s?    Are  any  of  those  concerned  reading  this  article  in 

shame?) 

            

The Old Oak                                                                  Knole Park after the hurricane               KW 

(Bob Ogley  recounts  the  legend of  the witch who  lived    in  the hollow of The Old Oak  ‐     a young 

tousle‐haired  local girl spurned  in 1609 by  the young Duke of Dorset, who married another of his 

own class. The scorned maid used her supernormal powers to place a curse on Knole so that there 

would never be an immediate heir to the title and other tragedies would befall the family. The oak is 

gone, but she vowed never to leave Knole. So where is she now?). 

Visitors  to  the park may also  seek, but most  likely  in  vain,  the oak  celebrated  in Virginia Woolf’s 

novel  love‐letter  to Vita  Sackville‐West,  “Orlando”.  In  this barely disguised homage  to Knole,  the 

hero/heroine  is described as   climbing “to a place crowned by a single oak tree”, and so high that 

amazingly  from  there  could be  seen  the  spires of  London,  the guns of  the  armada  in  the English 

Channel, the peaks of Snowdon, the tides of the Hebrides, and  40 counties in all.   The oak symbol 

runs  through  the novel  in  the  form of a poem “The Oak Tree”, a  talisman  for Orlando.  (The claim 

that the 60’s pop star Tony Orlando took from the novel  both his name and song title “Tie a yellow 

ribbon round the old oak tree”  has few supporters). 

But there  is of course a  famed musical association with Knole and  its oaks.   At the end of  January 

1967,  an  oak  tree,  again  no more,  and  dead  at  the  time, was  the  centre‐piece  for  The  Beatles’ 

pioneering video Strawberry Fields Forever, filmed in Knole Park mainly around The Bird House. 

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Many noble and ancient oaks do survive in the park, and if seeking them out, do watch out for the 

ghost of Lady Anne Clifford, long‐suffering wife of Richard Sackville, the disreputable “Black Knight”; 

following her death in 1676, her spectre is said to haunt the Duchess Walk, sighing mournfully as she 

passes the long line of oaks, prayer‐book in hand.   

Floreant Septem Quercus (the town’s motto)  

There is another set of oaks that I have yet to mention.  A group of seven oak trees was planted at 

Knole Paddock in 1984. Continuing the tradition of noble patronage, Lord Sackville planted the first 

of the saplings donated by Buckhurst Cricket Club.   But they are no  longer on their original site (at 

the edge of  the  field  just past  the  far end of  the  rugby  club building) – presumably moved when 

Knole Paddock was extended.  They are now in good health along the boundary with Lady Boswell’s 

school. However there are but six.  What happened to the seventh? 

                                                                   

Lord Sackville planting the first Knole Paddock sapling (photo courtesy Bob Ogley)     The six oaks on their present site    KW                             

Thus  our  audit  of  the  oaks  of  Sevenoaks  appears  to  show  that  the  town’s  name  is  currently  a 

falsehood.  There  are  of  course many more  than  seven,  but  the  groupings  of  “official”  oak  trees 

number eight (two sets), six, five, three ‐ and zero, since the eponymous trees are long since gone. 

That  is unless someone can trace the “Blue Peter” oaks. According to Ron Denney  in the children’s 

book “King Oak”, after the hurricane the children’s TV programme donated seven more saplings and 

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they were planted “in a group some way distant from the others”.    I have searched and enquired. 

But they elude me. 

And where  is  the oldest oak  tree  in  Sevenoaks? Or  the  largest? Or noblest? Does anyone  know?  

Should we press for the town to be renamed Thirtyoaks?  

There are many myths and some recorded inaccuracies regarding our noble oaks, and I have sought 

not  to perpetuate  them.  If  any  reader has more or better  information, or pictures,  (or  a  tree of 

which you are particularly proud), please  let me know,  through  the Society’s email address at  the 

end of this piece.  

 

The Vine today                       KW 

 

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        From “King Oak”, courtesy Rob Denney, Bob Murray and Froglets Publications.  

May they all flourish. 

 

Keith Wade, for Sevenoaks Society, October 2012   email: info@sevenoakssociety 

Main Sources and Acknowledgements 

William Lambarde: “A Perambulation of Kent”  1576  

Edward Hasted: “The History and Topographical Survey of Kent” , volume III  1797 

Sir John Dunlop: “The Pleasant Town of Sevenoaks” 1964, and “History Notes”  reissued  1994 

Bob Ogley:  “In the Wake of the Hurricane”  1987  

George Hill:  “Hurricane Force” 1988 * 

Denney and Murray: “King Oak” 1989  

Phillip Burgess “Then and Now Sevenoaks” 2001 

Sevenoaks Chronicle 

Sevenoaks Society Archives 

Special thanks to Jane Brightwell, Bob Ogley, Tim Pearce and others who have provided information 

for this feature. 

* Hill memorably asserts that “we chroniclers of the storm all stand in debt to Ogley in much the 

same degree as all other epic poets stand in debt to Homer”.  

 

 

Page 13: The Oaks of Sevenoaks  · PDF fileThe giant root‐ball dwarfs the family KW The stricken trees became a national symbol of the wrath of the hurricane

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