the power of linking: what works, and what doesn't
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THE POWER of LINKING What Works & What Doesn’t
John Ben DeVetteAsia General Manager
& Asst. Vice President
EBSCO Information Services
The Power of Linking
• Part I …… Definitions and General Introduction
• Part II …... Pricing of Online Journals
• Part III …. Developments & Trends in Linking
• Part IV …. My Recommendations: What You Should do to be Ready for the Future
TWO types of ELECTRONIC ‘JOURNALS’
1. PRIMARY PUBLISHER created.
Online edition of the print journal
Available title-by-title, or publisher-by-publisher
2. SECONDARY PUBLISHER Abstract & Index of Fulltext in a pre-packaged aggregated database
What is the difference between an AGGREGATOR and a GATEWAY?
• Aggregator– A secondary publisher
who licenses FULLTEXT CONTENT from primary publishers
– This content is maintained on its own server
– Includes most fulltext abstracts
– i.e. EBSCOhost, Gale, Ovid
• Gateway– An entity that provides
consolidated access and searching across titles to a variety of journals. Content may or may not be housed on the gateway provider’s server. The gateway does not try to create its own version of the content.
– Primarily a linking service
– Kinokinia’s OJ Web, Maruzen’s E-Journal Svc., EBSCO Online.
Growth of Online Journals• EBSCO’s title file contains approximately 260,000
publications• Approximately 10,000 unique online journals that
are available for subscription today– Have a price
– Or come free with print
– Or are a mainstream title (like a SPARC publication).
+10,000 Online Journals+10,000 Online Journals
• Feb 97 850 online jnls• Jun 97 1,300• Feb 98 2,200• Jun 98 2,700• Sep 99 3,622• Mar 00 5,398• Sept 01 10,000+
Compared to over 260,000 titles in printCompared to over 260,000 titles in print
8501,300
2,2002,700
3,662
5,398
10,000+
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000
10,000
Feb 97 Jun 97 Feb 98 Jun 98 Sep-99 Mar-00 Aug-01
Total number of online journals being offered by Primary Publishers
According to the NewJour website list 10,880 electronic journals being published
as of August 31, 2001
http://gort.ucsd.edu/newjour/
“Secondary” e-journals
• Many secondary publishers are also creating electronic versions of print journals
• EBSCO Host has approximately 6,000 unique e-journals that we scan ourselves
Small overlap between primary online journals and secondary e-
journals
• 10,000 online journals + 6,000 e-journals – 2,000 overlap titles = 14,000 unique electronic titles available via the Web today.
83%
17%
Print is still being tied to the online edition most of the time
Print is still being tied to the online edition most of the time
A print subscription is required in
order to get the online
Online is available without purchase of
print[[Based on EBSCO’s title file]Based on EBSCO’s title file]
How Publishers are Pricing How Publishers are Pricing Online JournalsOnline Journals
How Publishers are Pricing How Publishers are Pricing Online JournalsOnline Journals
Online comes free with purchase of print
62%
38%Online plus print combo priced more than print
Most of the time it is impossible to order
only the electronic edition
• Publishers are afraid that cutting the connection between print and online will reduce sales even more
• Storing the print is still the cheapest and most dependable form of archival
• This was the experience of the California State Universities’ JACC consortium project.
New Pricing ModelsDatabase vendors sell access to
individual journal subscriptions and articles …online Pay-per-view
Journal publishers are creating their own databases
Subscription agents function as consortia managers
New Collaborations
Electronic linking between traditional competitors
Linking between ILS vendors, database vendors, subscription vendors, and publishers
DIS-INTERMEDIATIONDEFINITION: “to remove the middle layers
of the supply chain so that consumers can go direct
to the manufacturer.”The B2B* Movement has everyone
looking for ways to “cut out the middle man”
* B2B means “B to B” or Business to Business.
DIS-INTERMEDIATION
Publishers are trying to sell direct to libraries and “cut out” subscription agents.
PASSWORDS & USER LICENSES
• DIFFICULT because– PUBLISHERS ARE WORRIED
ABOUT COPYRIGHT–LICENSE AGREEMENTS with
publishers are VERY COMPLICATED
– Try to USE AN AGENT who will do the NEGOTIATIONS FOR YOU.
The California Solution
• The University of California System– Berkeley, Stanford, USC, etc.
• EBSCO represents this consortia to negotiate with publishers for price discounts
• Require special terms: ILL to corporate partners.
PubMed Central
• The NLM and NIH are creating a freely accessible web-based public library of information in the sciences
• This is a natural extension of Medline and PubMed which is also free for public use
• Form a central archive of research in the life sciences. Perpetual access!
• Medicine and the life sciences research in a freely accessible, fully searchable, interlinked form.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/
List of Journals available in PubMed
Available Journals • Arthritis Research • BMC Journals • BMJ • Breast Cancer Research • Critical Care • Genome Biology • Molecular Biology of the Cel
l
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Forthcoming Journals • Biochemical Journal • Bulletin of the Medical Library
Association• Canadian Medical Association
Journal• EMBO Journal• Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association (JAMIA)
• Journal of Medical Entomology • Nucleic Acids Research • The Plant Cell • Plant Physiology• Many others …..
PubMed (PNAS) “LinkOut” feature goes to article. EO
authenticates via IP.
YOU CAN LINK OVER TO THE FULLTEXT BY
CLICKING HERE !
Online Titles in PubMed
• 4,000+ print titles indexed
• ~ 30% of titles in MEDLINE are available electronically
• 1350 available in electronic formats from more than 40 publishers and aggregators
• PubMed has links to 1200 titles, but they require a password to see the article
AggregatorAggregatordatabasedatabase Gateway to Gateway to
primary publishersprimary publishers
Library & UniversityLibrary & UniversityNetworkNetwork
The Integration Process: Linking Reference databases with the
Library’s OPAC with the Publishers
People prefer to use ONE interface, and at the most, 3 databases (when doing research)
• Most libraries today have more than 10 different and UNCONNECTED databases available. And they all use different search interfaces
EBSCO Online LINKS TO 7500+ JOURNALS … THE BEST IN THE
WORLD TODAY !!!
LINKS TO 7500+ JOURNALS … THE BEST IN THE WORLD TODAY !!!
FOCUS on the NEEDS of the USER
...and have one INFORMATION BUDGET for flexibility in buying different media.
When you buy information should you order ala carte or simply buy today’s special?
Do you want to pick and choose the information you give to your users, or do you want the publishers to choose for you?
MEASURE & COUNT information usageIF YOU DON’T COUNT, YOU DON’T KNOW!!!
LIBRARY USAGE STUDIE
S
VENDOR GENERATED
STATISTICS
USAGE STATISTICS
• Both EBSCOhost & EBSCO Online keep user statistics by user, by title, and by database
• IDENTIFY CORE TITLES• Delete low use subscriptions
USAGE STATISTICS ARE THE KEY!.
ACCESS versus OWNERSHIP
Invest more time and resources into training people how to search
• Web-based search engines appear simple, but the concept of smart-linking is not
• Researchers must be encouraged to keep on digging.
HOW MUCH MONEY ARE YOU SPENDING ON …
1. PAPER JOURNALS
2. E-journals
3. Databases.
4. (and soon) e-books
AVOID THINKING...
“HOW MUCH MONEY ARE WE BUDGETING FOR SERIALS, HOW MUCH ON ELECTRONIC MEDIA , AND HOW MUCH ON DOCUMENTS???”
Investing money in technology alone will not insure success.
The medium is the main attraction for many of the electronic services available today.