the practice of postwar architecture in edmonton, alberta

THE PRACTICE OF POST-WAR ARCHITECTURE IN EDMONTON, ALBERTA

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT, 1936-1960

FEDORI TINGLEY MURRAY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………. 2

1.0 Introduction to the Project……………………………………………… ………… 4

2.0 Overview of the Modern Movement in Edmonton…………………………….. 6

3.0 Overview of the Practice of Architecture in Edmonton1936-1960………………………………………………………………………………. 8

4.0 Master List of Architects Practicing in Edmontonto the 1960’s…………………………………………………………………………… 16

5.0 University of Alberta Graduates from the Architecture Program…… … 26

6.0 Biographies of Selected Architects…………………………………….………. 28

7.0 Edmonton City Architects and the Architectural Panel1930-1963……………………………………………………………………………… 67

8.0 Town Planning in Edmonton 1929-1960…………………………………………. 68

9.0 Edmonton Public Schools 1936-1961……………………………………………. 70

10.0 Post-War Building Chronology 1936-1960And Major Architectural Styles in Post-War Edmonton…………………….. 76

11.0 A Timeline of Influences, Buildings and Events 1936-1960………………… 87

12.0 Appendix:

12.1 Bibliography and Research Sources……………………………………. 95

12.2 Post-War Building Tour……………………………………………………… 101

12.3 Media Coverage of the Project




EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As we enter the 21st Century, many are looking at the Alberta built heritage, from the last half of

the Twentieth Century, with fresh eyes. A new century allows us to carefully reflect on those

buildings that, for most of our recent lives, we have taken for granted. It is reasonable to ask

whether some of these modern buildings might be worthy of long-term preservation, along with

their venerable urban companions from earlier historical periods. Before there can be a full

appreciation of the architectural legacy of the recent past, there must be a greater body of

knowledge. Only then can there be a strategy for preservation.

This study addresses the issue of understanding and appreciating buildings from Edmonton's

recent past, focusing on the period between 1936, when University of Alberta professor Cecil

Burgess was nearing retirement as the head of Alberta's first university architecture program,

and 1960 when the Modern Movement had become well established in Edmonton. It represents

the beginning of a long process to prepare a comprehensive inventory and evaluation of

Edmonton's post-war architectural resources.

In 1993 the Edmonton Planning and Development Department completed the Register of

Historic Resources in Edmonton, which was a process of preparing a building inventory and

evaluation procedures for buildings and structures constructed before 1947. This date is in

keeping with the provincial inventory, which does not extend past 1950. During the process of

compiling the pre-1947 Edmonton inventory, an ad hoc list of potentially significant buildings

from the recent past, the post-war period, was initiated. This initial research has been

incorporated into the study, and greatly expanded.

Now that we are more than 50 years from the post-war building boom there is a growing

interest, on the part of heritage professionals, urban planners, scholars and advocacy groups,

in the built heritage of the Modern Movement of architecture. Development pressures are now

facing modern buildings. These resources are highly sought after for refurbishment or are

threatened by redevelopment. At the same time there is some skepticism among the general

public about the relevance of protection. Although the documentation and preservation of

recently built heritage is a relatively new development in Canada, some Canadian cities have

implemented programs to protect modern resources.

With this study and associated events, the authors have begun to expand the knowledge of this

important period of architectural history. Edmonton's Downtown neighbourhoods provided a

good focal point for the project. Several architectural tours of post-war buildings in the




Downtown and Oliver neighbourhoods have been conducted over the past two years, with

enthusiastic response from the public and media. Public awareness remains a key part of the

City's Historic Resource Management Plan. Awareness of the Modern Movement and its effect on

Edmonton's post-war buildings will help Edmontonians appreciate and understand the

significance.

There have been many more buildings constructed in Edmonton since the Second World War,

than were constructed prior to the war. Much of this building stock is still extant today. The size

of the resource base is immense. The magnitude of preparing an inventory and evaluation of

Edmonton's modern era building resources requires an incremental approach. Each step must

add upon the previous step.

This overview has identified the architects who were practicing in Edmonton between 1936 and

1960 and recorded many of the buildings they designed. Not all buildings constructed in this

period have been identified due to the study limitations but a strong and comprehensive list has

been initiated. At this time, only the most prominent architects have been studied in detail. By

focusing on their major commissions, this work has identified many of what could be considered

the most important buildings of the period. The authors hope that the materials gathered in this

study will aid in future initiatives to complete a modern inventory and will encourage the addition

of modern resources to the City’s Register of Historic Resources.

Subjects included in the study are:

• An overview of the Modern Movement in Edmonton;

• An overview of the practice of architecture in Edmonton between 1936 and 1960;

• A reference list of architects practicing in Edmonton to the 1960's;

• Graduates from the University of Alberta Architecture Program;

• Biographies of selected architects;

• Edmonton City Architects and the Edmonton Architectural Panel, 1930-1963;

• Town Planning in Edmonton 1929-1960;

• Edmonton Public Schools built between 1936 and 1961;

• A post war building chronology, 1936-1960;

• Major architectural styles in post war Edmonton;

• A timeline of influences, buildings and events during the period 1936-1960.




1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

As we enter the 21st Century, many are looking at the provincial built heritage from the last half of

the Twentieth Century with fresh eyes. A new century allows us to carefully reflect on those

buildings that, for most of our lives, we have taken for granted. It is reasonable to ask whether

some of these modern buildings might be worthy of appreciation and preservation, along with

their more venerable urban companions from earlier historical periods. Before there can be a

full appreciation of the architectural legacy of the recent past, there must be a greater body of

knowledge. Only then can there be a strategy for preservation. This study is at the beginning of

a long process to prepare a comprehensive inventory and evaluation of Edmonton’s post-war

architectural resources. The first phase of this study includes the period between 1936, when

University of Alberta professor Cecil Burgess was nearing retirement as the head of Alberta’s

first university architecture program, and 1960, when the Modern Movement had become well-

established in Edmonton.

In 1993 the Edmonton Planning and Development Department completed the Register of

Historic Resources in Edmonton, which was a process of preparing a building inventory and

evaluation procedures for structures and sites constructed before 1947. This date was arbitrary

and was acknowledged as a convenient way to limit the scope of the project to manageable

proportions. During the process of compiling the pre-1947 inventory, an ad hoc list of

potentially significant buildings from the recent past was initiated. It was soon apparent that this

list did not do justice to this prolific and important period of construction, and that the City’s

building inventory should be addressed in greater depth.

Now that we are more than 50 years from the post-war building boom, there is a growing

interest on the part of heritage professionals, scholars and advocacy groups in the built

heritage of the Modern Movement of architecture. At the same time there is some skepticism

among the general public about the relevance of its protection. The documentation and

preservation of recently built heritage buildings is a relatively new development. Part of the

project to create a modern inventory will require a review of the criteria and process used in

similar efforts in Europe and the United States. Susan Bronson is now addressing these issues

for the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. The International Working-Party on the

Documentation and Conservation of the Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern

Movement [DOCOMOMO] continues to document this valuable international resource.

With this study and associated events, the authors have begun to expand the knowledge of this

important period of architectural history. Edmonton’s Downtown neighbourhoods provided a




good starting point for the project. Several architectural tours of post-war buildings in the

Downtown and Oliver neighbourhoods have been conducted over the past two years, with

positive response from the public and media. Public awareness remains a key part of the City’s

Historic Resource Management Plan. Awareness of the Modern Movement and its effect on

Edmonton’s post-war buildings will help Edmontonians appreciate and understand their

significance.

Edmonton’s heritage policies could ensure (should City Council wish to do so) that many of

these buildings are offered the same incentives for preservation as pre-1947 buildings. The

time is right to consider the merits of our more recent architectural legacy. First steps should

include a comprehensive inventory of post-war buildings, an understanding of who designed

them and how the architects were influenced, and the active pursuit of public appreciation of

these resources.

There have been many more buildings constructed in Edmonton since the Second World War,

than were constructed prior to the war. The size of the resource base is immense. The

magnitude of preparing an inventory and evaluation of Edmonton’s modern era building

resources requires an incremental approach. Each step must add upon the previous step. The

focus of this study is very basic. The study has identified the architects who were practicing in

Edmonton between 1936 and 1960 and recorded many of the buildings they designed. Not all

buildings constructed in this period have been identified due to the study limitations. A

comprehensive list will require other methodologies such as a city-wide windshield survey. At

this time, only the most prominent architects have been studied in detail. By focusing on their

major commissions, this work has identified many of what could be considered the most

important buildings of the period.

It is hoped that the materials gathered in this study aid future researchers to complete the

background information required to complete the inventory. With the completion of an inventory,

it will be possible to apply an evaluation system that determines which resources are worth

preserving. In the meantime, this study will contribute to a greater awareness of the significance

of the architecture of the recent past. Public support for the process of preparing a

comprehensive post-war inventory will be critical to finding the financial resources necessary to

complete the research and evaluation. Only then can we hope to encourage the preservation of

a comprehensive array of resources that attest to the importance of buildings from the recent

past, the achievements of which we can justly be proud.




2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT IN EDMONTON

The Modern Movement of architecture, with its intellectual roots deep in mid-19th Century

Europe, grew to a significant world presence after 1900 and especially during the 1920s and

1930s. Beginning with “structural (iron) expressionism” such as that of Joseph Paxton’s 1851

Crystal Palace and Jules Saulnier’s 1871 Chocolate Factory at Noisel-sur-marne, France, the

Modern Movement was given contemporary expression in France by Le Corbusier, and through

the public debate and work of Bauhaus architects Walter Gropius and Mies van der Rohe in

1920s Germany. Emphasis was placed upon the use of new materials and technologies, and by

the early 1900s historical precedent was consciously discounted as in the work of Austrian

architect Adolf Loos who, in the early 1900s denounced decorative historicism as decadent, as

illustrated in his 1910 Vienna Steiner house. This stylistic and philosophical trend became

generally known as the “International Style” by the 1930s. The style was identified by Philip

Johnson after the influential 1932 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. The International

Style was very influential in post-war Alberta architecture and was often defined by structures

with flat roofs, lack of ornamentation, simplified lines, and impressive areas of glass surface.

Mies van der Rohe’s famous proclamation, “Less is More”, typifies the emerging architectural

attitude of the early 20th Century.

Of no less significance were American architects, such as Chicago’s Louis Sullivan followed by

Frank Lloyd Wright, who inspired the globally influential “Prairie Style” after his work was

published in a 1912 monograph. Practitioners who studied the Art Deco stylistic movement in the

United States and Europe, produced the “Moderne” style, a widely practiced architectural style

in Alberta after the Second World War. The influence of many modern architectural pioneers

left its mark on Edmonton.

It is not well known that Edmonton’s University of Alberta hosted an architecture program (within

the Faculty of Applied Science) from 1914 until 1940. It was at this school that a number of

Alberta’s influential post war architects were trained, such as John and Peter Rule, Gordon

Wynn, John Stevenson, Mary Imrie and Louise Wallbridge. The leader of this school was Cecil

Burgess, arguably one of the most important architects in early Alberta. Many young architects,

after the Second World War, considered him the “grandfather” of Edmonton architects. After

retiring from the University in 1940 at the age of 70, he opened a practice in architecture and

town planning, and continued to practice well into his 90s.

During and after the Second World War, Edmonton experienced a building boom unmatched

since the turn of the century. Buildings of all types were constructed to serve the expanding




needs of, first the Second World War efforts, and later the burgeoning population. Downtown

was vibrant and the suburbs were growing rapidly. Edmonton architects were at the forefront of

international design trends, and left an important legacy of notable buildings that have largely

remained unrecognized by Albertans. Architectural historian Trevor Boddy has concluded:

“Alberta is marked more by the functionalist forms and philosophies of modernism than any

other place in the world.”

Cecil Burgess in his report on Alberta to the Journal of the Royal Architectural Institute of

Canada, December 1946, describes in detail an exhibition of Dutch architecture, modern and

historical, at the Edmonton Museum of Arts. There is no doubt that Edmonton architects would

have taken great interest in such an exhibit, with its examples of historic and modern schools,

public buildings, low cost house and town planning. European modernist influences were

quickly incorporated into Edmonton architecture after the war. This influence is clearly seen in

the work of Edmonton Public Schools Architect W.W.Butchart.

Other influences were also beginning to show in the post-war period. The West Coast Style, a

derivative of the International Style, typified by flat roofs, wood post-and-beam exposed

structure, large expanses of glass, open planning and integrated interior/exterior relationships,

was readily incorporated by a number of Edmonton architects. Country clubs, houses and, later,

shopping centres began to reflect this west coast influence. The 1957 home/office of architects

Imrie and Wallbridge is one of the best remaining examples of domestic West Coast Style. The

many golf and country clubs by Rule Wynn Rule are clearly derived from this stylistic influence.

In the 1950s, Alberta Public Works began to hire architects from Europe, especially Great

Britain, to fill the apparent professional gap caused by so much post-war construction. These

architects brought with them the latest architectural ideas from Europe and were able to

implement them immediately on projects constructed by the Provincial Government. Some of the

architects hired by the Government soon went into private practice.

In 1957, the Alberta Association of Architects invited Richard Neutra of Los Angeles, one of the

most prominent American modernist architects practicing at the time, to speak at their annual

design meeting, the Banff Session. The meeting was well attended and is proudly recorded in

the archives of the association. Alberta architects were eager to stay abreast of world

architectural trends. Alberta was in a boom period. Edmonton, as the seat of government and

the supply centre of the expanding post-war oil industry, was at the heart of this boom. As a

result, there is a significantly large collection of well-conceived and executed post-war

buildings in Edmonton.




3.0 OVERVIEW OF THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE IN EDMONTON 1936-1960

1936 to 1946

Edmonton architects started to embrace theories and practices of modernism during this period.

They experimented with Art Deco, Art Moderne and eventually International Style Modern

Architecture. This experimentation led to a more mature modern architecture in the City in the

1950s and 1960s.

Alberta- trained architects emerged on the scene. The University of Alberta offered training in

architecture and a degree program. The first graduate was Edmonton-born John Rule. The

program was directed by Professor Cecil Burgess, a leading force in architectural education in

the province. Burgess and the school produced just under twenty graduates in a period of eight

years. Most remained in Alberta, particularly Edmonton, and formed the nucleus of architects

practicing in the post-war period (see University of Alberta Graduates Section 5.0 for listing).

The University of Alberta, also through Cecil Burgess, regulated the certification of Alberta

architects.

Edmonton’s citizens were interested in the new styles. In 1936, the “ The Home of Tomorrow”

(now at # 1 St. George’s Crescent) was built through the sponsorship of the Edmonton Bulletin

to give homeowners a glimpse at post-war construction, styles and decoration. It was built by

local contractor Ernest Litchfield from the award winning plans of a competition sponsored by

the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. The architect was not identified. The home was

considered the “last word” in modern low cost Canadian housing and was Edmonton’s first

model home. This public display of modernistic architecture helped to set the stage for

commissions that followed that year.

Architects of the earlier century continued to practice in the post-war period. Most started to let

go of their Beaux Arts traditions. Both William Blakey and Richard P. Blakey, long established

architects, accepted concepts of modernism as early as 1935. William Blakey was hired as the

local architect in 1938 and 1939 by Manitoba architects, Northwood and Chivers, to assist in the

design of the streamlined Eaton’s store. In the same year he designed St. John’s Separate

School using streamlined deco influences and in 1940, designed the Garneau Theatre in the

International Style. In 1946 he designed a showcase home for himself in Glenora (13526 101

Avenue) following modern practices and styles. His strongest competitor, George Heath

MacDonald, also a leading architect of the pre-war period, designed an equally modernistic




home across the alley from Blakey’s residence for Justice Hyndman. Richard Blakey designed

several residential modern commissions in this period as well.

In 1938, John and Peter Rule, and Gordon Wynn formed their practice. In the early years the

practice of Rule, Wynn and Rule consisted mostly of the design of modernistic theatres. The now

demolished Varscona Theatre (1940) was Edmonton’s premier example of the Moderne, white

stucco, streamlined style. Architects still had trouble gaining work because of the not yet

recovered Depression economy. For example, the Rule, Wynn, Rule partnership accepted

smaller commissions such as the Foster & McGarvey Funeral Home and the Bonnyville Convent,

in revival styles. These commissions responded to the clients’ interests. Such was also the case

with Glenora School for the Edmonton Public School Board in 1940 which was designed to

reflect the earlier character of Old Glenora. Many of these early war commissions were not

reflective of the new modernism.

During the 1940s Alberta’s young architects left for Europe to serve in the Second World War.

The older architects assisted with wartime efforts by lending their expertise to the Federal

Government. William Blakey returned to Ottawa (he had worked in Ottawa during the First World

War) to work with the Standards and Measurement Branch. John Rule and Gordon Wynn joined

the Navy and the Air Force, respectively. Peter Rule, John’s father, came out of retirement to

watch over the partnership of his sons and Gordon Wynn. In 1941, he was granted a special

certificate by the Alberta Association of Architects enabling him to practice. The firm had enough

work to hire fellow University of Alberta graduates, including Mary Imrie and Doris Newland.

Some registered architects were killed in service such as Victor Meech, a graduate of the

University of Alberta.

City Architect John Martland (1926 to 1944) was forced to deal with a critical housing shortage

during the war years. Martland chaired a special taskforce set up to deal with federal housing

schemes. In 1937 several hundred houses were constructed based on Martland’s designs in

Edmonton’s first municipal housing program. He aided in the design of a number of hangars at

Edmonton Municipal Airport. He also designed the Municipal Airport Administrative Building

before he retired from his position in 1944 and was replaced by Maxwell Dewar. Martland

entered into private practice.

Cecil Burgess retired in 1940 from the University of Alberta and the school of architecture was

closed. Burgess continued to act as Alberta’s editorial representative to the Royal Architectural

Institute of Canada. He was very skeptical of the Modern Movement but a strong follower of the

new movements in town planning. Burgess believed that architects could not be successful




unless they understood proper planning techniques. He prepared “An Interim Report of the

Edmonton Planning Commission” which was published in 1944 and reprinted in the RAIC

Journal in 1945. The plan specified a layout for the H.B.C. Reserve and adjoining areas. He

modeled his planning concepts in part, on Eliel Saarinen’s, The City, Its Growth, Its Decay, Its

Future.

At this time Gordon Turnbull was the resident architect of the United States Army and Navy

Engineers. Numerous temporary buildings were constructed and many others retrofitted for

military operations. Architects were concerned by the design of the structures and asked if the

hut like buildings will be taken away after the war.

1946 to 1950

The post-war ambience created an opportune time for architects to enter into the field. It was a

period of energized growth across the country but particularly in Edmonton after the oil

discovery at Leduc. Maxwell Dewar, City of Edmonton Architect, served President of the Alberta

Association of Architects in 1946 and 1947. He reported that architects “must respond to the

rising tempo of the times.” There was a dramatic and significant shift in Edmonton’s economy.

The development of the petrochemical industry brought along basic and secondary industry.

Architects who were struggling for work were now high in demand.

Wartime industries were converted to peace time applications. There was a great need to

replace or fix existing infrastructures in cities. Maxwell Dewar and those in his department were

challenged by the demands of urban expansion. Dewar stated that 1946 “had been a

strenuous one in that a great effort has been necessary to meet the demands of society for

industrial, commercial, public and residential buildings” in his presidential address to the

Alberta Association or Architects on January 31, 1947. Rising construction costs, material

shortages, and labour unrest made it difficult to complete projects. Skilled labourers were in

great demand.

Building construction methods were rapidly changing. Architects were required to assimilate

masses of information on built form. In 1950 John Rule wrote for the RAIC Journal on

“Construction and Material”.

Edmonton’s importance as a meatpacking center was strengthened. The Canadian Packer’s

Meat Plant, designed by Eastern architect, Eric R. Arthur, was shown at the UNESCO conference

in Paris in 1946.




In 1946 the architectural draftsmen of Alberta organized. The Alberta Association of Architects

started a new process of regulation to manage drafting examinations and improve standards of

drafting practices. Some draftsmen entered into the profession of architecture, e.g. Douglas

Campbell.

Veterans returning from the war enrolled in great numbers in Canadian universities. The

University of Manitoba Department of Architecture formed in 1912 started a post-graduate

program in 1948. Many prairie-born veterans registered in the program as the University of

Manitoba had the largest school of architecture in the immediate post-war period in the West.

Under the direction of Dean John Russell, and subsequently Milton S. Osborne, the school

emphasized a modern approach. Architects were trained as both planners and builders.

Many of these graduates came to Edmonton to work because of the city’s booming economy.

They included Roy Meiklejohn, H. Henderson, Leonard Klingbell, Eugenne Olekshy, Jack

Annett, Gordon Forbes, and Kelvin Stanley.

Edmonton’s most celebrated female architects, Jean Wallbridge and Mary Imrie, embarked on a

six-week tour of Europe in 1947 sponsored by World Study Tours to examine post-war

construction in Europe. They visited Poland, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Denmark, Holland,

Switzerland, Belgium and England. They returned to their positions with the City of Edmonton

Architect’s office with “fresh ideas and enthusiasm for their work in the architectural field.”

In 1948 the Royal Canadian Architectural Institute held its Annual General Meeting in Calgary,

much to the chagrin of Edmonton’s architectural community that is larger at this point in time.

Maxwell Dewar, President of the Alberta Association of Architects, discussed the failings of the

Dominion Housing Program. Architects believed they should have been more involved in the

design of residential dwellings to avoid ‘stereotypical designs.’ In the same year Dewar was

appointed to the National Fire Commission to work on building codes.

Cecil Burgess called for the enforcement of adequate standards for admission to the Alberta

Association of Architects. He was concerned that architects of the day were technically trained

but not versed on matters of architectural culture.

Lloyd George McDonald arrived from England to join his brother, Frederick, in November of

1948. W. L. Somerville was appointed the consulting architect for the Department of Public

Works and the Tuberculosis Sanitarium in Edmonton.




The population of Edmonton doubled in three years (1945–1948). Gordon Wynn states “ there

is more opportunity in Edmonton then anywhere in Canada. The architect will need to play a big

part in the development of this area.” ( RAIC Journal, January, 1949).

In 1949 Maxwell Dewar entered into private practice. Mary Imrie and Jean Wallbridge resigned

from their positions with the City Architect’s office and went on an architectural tour of South

America. Robert F. Duke is appointed City Architect. Noel Dant, an urban planner from Britain, is

hired as Town Planner for the City of Edmonton.

The 1950’s

Edmonton’s architects worked to meet the needs of urban expansion. This included the

modernization of existing structures and the design of new ones. Edmonton’s role as a

distribution center increased. To meet rapid population growth, the City Architect’s office helped

design civic utility buildings (incinerators, power and water filtration plants, fire halls),

recreational structures (swimming pools, grandstands) and parks (playgrounds, baseball parks,

and public washrooms).

Post- war immigration brought a new workforce of architects to the community from Belgium,

Britain, Holland and Germany. These architects gained work with established firms such as

Rule, Wynn and Rule or the Alberta Department of Public Works. They reinforced the practices

of modern architecture, most having been trained in progressive schools. They included Rudy

Ascher, Duncan McCulloch, Freda and Dennis O’Connor, Kristjan Parn, Herbert Richards,

Bruno Templin, Clifford Larrington, Albert Dale, Victor Bathory and Julius Piffko.

In 1950 John Rule wrote about construction and material practices with reference to his client,

the Bank of Montreal. The oil boom years brought in large commissions in both Calgary and

Edmonton. In 1948, growth at the University of Alberta created a need for one of the firm’s

largest early projects, the Rutherford Library. The library was one of the last classically

designed buildings on campus. Edmonton’s expanding commercial activity was reflected in

designs of warehouses, plants and hospitals. The firm of Rule, Wynn and Rule started its forty-

year association with the Royal Alexandra Hospital in 1950. In 1953, the headquarters for

Alberta Government Telephones adjacent to the Alberta Legislature, Edmonton’s first curtain-

wall building was completed, just one year after Skidmore, Owings and Merrill unveiled Lever

House in New York. At the time it was described as ‘an offense against good taste’,

demonstrating that not all Edmontonians were accepting of modern forms.




Cecil Burgess also reflected on the new movement in architecture. He lamented for the loss of

classicism, and the acceptance of “steel steroids with more glass than walls”.

Early in 1950 a proposal was put forward to City Council to create a new city center in

downtown Edmonton. A syndicate called the First New Amsterdam Corporation proposed a $25

million investment scheme in an attempt to erect a number of correlated buildings in a properly

landscaped plan in the downtown core. This would include an auditorium, retail stores, offices,

car parking and super markets. The plan was prepared by A. Gordon Lorimer, a New York

architect, and L. E. Detwiler, a consulting engineer. A December plebiscite regarding this city

center proposal was defeated.

Growing populations required new schools. The Edmonton Public School Board Architect, W. W.

Butchart designed dozens of schools during the decade. Toronto had taken the lead in the

country in defining modern architecture. John Parkin’s school designs influence the Edmonton

architects who are hired by to design school buildings and additions. Victoria Composite High

school is among the first of Edmonton schools to receive national attention. It is designed in

1952 by Dewar, Stevenson, and Stanley Architects. Christenson and MacDonald Limited are

General Contractors.

In 1953, Edmonton’s post-war buildings came of age. The February issue of the RAIC Journal is

devoted to contemporary Alberta architecture. Most of the buildings featured are in Edmonton.

They are: The Alberta Teacher’s Association Building (Stanley and Stanley), the house of J.

Russell (Wallbridge and Imrie), St. Anne’s Chapel ( Diamond, Dupuis, Desautels), The

Provincial Tuberculosis Sanitarium (W. L Somerville, Alberta Department of Public Works), The

Royal Trust Company Building ( Dewar, Stevenson and Stanley Architects) and the Brown

Building in Calgary ( J.A. Cawston).

The Premier of Alberta, Ernest Manning, wrote the introduction to the 1953 RAIC Journal

showcase of architecture. He comments were as follows: “Alberta is young and vigorous and

receptive to new ideas provided they are progressive and wholesome. This province has

demonstrated to the rest of Canada and to the world that her people are not afraid of

experiment, adopting whatever is beneficial but not hesitating to abandon or reject the

obviously profitless”. Cecil Burgess wrote the editorial for the issue and articles featured

Alberta’s resources, town and rural planning, arts and handicrafts, and art in Alberta.




“The Guide to Professional Charges and Practices” was published in 1954 to help regulate the

profession. Architects were concerned that engineers would receive commissions without the

use of their services. Since Alberta had no school of architecture in the 1950s, a revision of the

system of examinations was undertaken by the Alberta Association of Architects and the

government.

By 1955, Edmonton was on the verge of accepting the skyscraper. Taller buildings included the

Milner Building on 104 Street and the Bank of Montreal Building, both designed by Rule, Wynn,

Rule. In 1957 the Bentall Block was designed by C.T. Larrington, and James Bell secured his

first large office commission, the Northwest Trust Building, in 1957. Edmonton architects started

to work with developers such as Oxford.

In 1955 Maxell Dewar died at the age of 45. Burgess calls his youthful death “ a calamity to the

profession.”

In the late 1950’s a massive expansion at the University of Alberta began. The University of

Alberta supplied the petrochemical industry and health industries, with new graduates. In 1960,

a new Engineering Building (Rule, Wynn and Rule architects) opened reflecting the growth in

this area.

Session ‘56 was organized by the Alberta Association of Architects to explore new architectural

ideals and contemporary approaches. It was co-sponsored by the Department of Extension at

the University of Alberta. H. L Bouey, President of the Association presided. Thirty-five architects

met for a week at the Banff School of Fine Arts, to hear the director of the course, the renowned

architect, Richard Neutra. Neutra also addressed the association at its annual dinner with a talk

entitled “The Value of the Session of ’56 to Architects Here and Abroad.” This was intended to

be the first of an annual event and session ’57 was planned for the next year.

Session ’57 did proceed and was viewed as a milestone in Canadian architectural history by

the participants. Richard Neutra returned and set the theme of the meetings to have architects

understand the “human organism for which we design.” Two popular social scientists also

presented papers. All of Edmonton’s leading architects attended and A. O. Minsos wrote in a

summary of the session: “Richard Neutra is no doubt one of the great personalities of

contemporary architecture in the mid twentieth century.” Neutra and his wife, Dione, who also

participated in the session, were toured through Edmonton and Alberta by Robert Bouey,

president of the Association. They were very late for the gatherings as Neutra insists on visiting

the Hobemma Reserve in sub zero temperatures, taking photographs of housing on the




reserve. Edmonton architects were inspired by these sessions and as a result of their

participation, firms like Minsos and Rensaa set the stage for the next decade, embracing new

modernism, with their design of the Edmonton International Airport.

Two years later Edmonton City Council agreed to erect a permanent civic monument to mark the

July 21, 1959 visit of Queen Elizabeth. The building was considered Canada’s first planetarium

and was the country’s only civic planetarium until the Dow Planetarium of Montreal opened in

1966. Called the Queen Elizabeth Planetarium, the building is an example of modern

expressionism. It was designed by City architect, Robert Falconer Duke with the help of Walter

Telfer.

At the end of the decade the firm of Blakey, Blakey and Ascher closed(1960), after the death of

the youngest partner Rudolph Ascher. William and Richard Blakey were among the Province’s

longest practicing architects. Their work spanned the styles of the century and embraced the

Modern Movement. Many of Edmonton’s postwar architects entered the 1960s with two decades

of experience behind them eager to continue the development of modern architecture in the

decades to come.




4.0 MASTER LIST OF ARCHITECTS PRACTICING IN EDMONTON

This list is derived from the members’ registry of Alberta Association of Architects, Canadian

Architectural Archives, University of Calgary

Registry entries include name, AAA registration number, address and [employer] at time of

registration, and date of registration.

AAberdeen, T. Gordon #133 108 Agency Building, Edmonton [Department of

Public Works Alberta Government], 1 June 1939

Adams, A.S. #74 c/o Barnes & Gibbs, 10 December 1912

Annett, Jack Dinning #241 10832-135 Street, Edmonton, 1 January 1955

Ascher, G.R. #159 10042-109 Street, Edmonton, 8 December 1949

Deceased April 1960

BBarnes, A. Percy #1 4 November 1906 Secretary from 6 May 1906 to end

of 1908. President in 1909

Barton, Leonard D. #177 10187-99 Street, Edmonton [P. Campbell-Hope],

8 March 1951

Bathory, Victor G. #217 10241-122 Street, Edmonton, 20 November 1952

Bell, Clifford L. #281 11445-137 Street, Edmonton, 26 June 1957

Bell, James Brock #181 108 Agency Building, Edmonton, 23 May 1951

Berman, Alexander #161 Edmonton [Buildings Branch, Department of Public

Works] 11 May 1950

Beswick, Alfred Edward #89 603 Tegler Building, Edmonton, 15 April 1914

ARIBA

Bittorf, Don #254 618 Northern Hardware Building, 23 May 1956

Blais, Charles Herman #234 9642 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Blais & English],

17 March 1954

Blakey, R.P. #57 229 Wize Block, Edmonton, 7 November 1911

Blakey. William George #83 [R.W. Lines], Edmonton, 13 May 1913

Bouey, Harold L. #165 834 Tegler Building, Edmonton, 6 July 1950

Bouey, Robert F. #166 10012-102 Street, Edmonton, 6 July 1950

Brownlee, W. Ralph #180 11535 St. Albert Road, Edmonton, 23 May 1951




Brydon, Arthur Mackenzie #155 Edmonton [Buildings Branch, Department of Public

Works] 6 January 1949, Retired-resigned

3 December 1952.

Buchanan, Margaret #157 2 June 1938

Burgess, Cecil S. #82 [University of Alberta], 13 May 1913, FRIBA

Deceased 12 November 1971 at 101 years

Burrows, A.G. #300 305 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton

[ McKernan & Bouey], 15 June 1958

Butchart, William Walter #146 7 June 1945

CCalderon, A.M. #3 22 November 1906 (exam1908?)

Callebaut, Charles #162 11142 Jasper Avenue [Rule Wynn Rule], 1 June 1950

Campbell, D.M. #163 Civic Block, Edmonton [School Board], 1 June 1950

Campbell, Gordon T. #172 10725-101 Street, Edmonton 19 January 1951

[School Board]

Campbell, W. Stewart #13 4 January 1907, Council 1907

Campbell-Hope, Patrick #134 11038-108 Street, Edmonton, 4 January 1940

Campbell-Hope, T.B. #327 9834-106 Street, Edmonton [provincial government],

1 January 1960

Cauchon, Joseph E. #61 19 February 1912

Clarke, Ronald #223 10940-80 Avenue and 10819-80 Avenue, Edmonton,

6 May 1953

Colvig, Bruce #305 13548-114 Street, Edmonton [federal government],

15 October 1958

Cook, A.E. #257 10018-115 Street, Edmonton, 23 May 1956

Cook, George D. #194 618 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton,

3 January 1952, Died 20 December 1951

Cromarty, William David #72 21-22 Dominion Building, Edmonton

Cull, D.A. #307 Assistant District Architect DPH [federal

government], 15 February 1959

DDale, Albert #242 Suite 1, 10110-122 Street, Edmonton, 1 January 1955

Dant, Noel B. #160 Civic Block [City of Edmonton], 20 January 1950,

Resigned April 1955




Darch, E.J. #386 1, 9827-104 Street, Edmonton [Diamond Clarke and

Associates] 11 January 1967

Deggendorf, G. #2 Edmonton, 5 November 1906, President 1906-1907

Honourary President 1908

Desautels, G.A.F. #211 8717-97 Avenue, Edmonton, 18 September 1952,

Resigned April 1955

Dewar, Maxwell Cameron #117 501 Civic Block, 4 June 1930, Died April1955

Diamond, Gerard P. #202 8905-83 Avenue, Edmonton 26 June 1952

Dietze, S.H. #311 11536 Jasper Avenue [Diamond Clarke &

Associates] 16 September 1959

Dobell, N.H. #293 11422 Jasper Avenue [Rule Wynn & Rule],

16 April 1958 Resigned 1961

Donahue, Joseph Hugh #266 11307-109A Avenue, Edmonton [Diamond Dupuis &

Dunn], 1 January 1957

Dow, John K. #81 Rice Street, Edmonton, 15 April 1913

Dubeta, David John #350 9747-67 Avenue, Edmonton [Diamond Clarke &

Associates], 11 September 1963

Duke, Robert F. #147 501 Civic Block, 11 July 1946

Dunn, H. Angus #231 002, Rawleigh Building, Edmonton, 4 January 1954

Dupuis, Emile J. #199 10263-113 Street, Edmonton, 26 June 1952

EEdwards, W.B. #306 11536 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Diamond Clarke &

Associates]

18 February 1959

English, Joseph Keily #219 7922-118 Avenue, Edmonton, 18 December 1952

Eriksson, D.A.P. #557 10845-76 Avenue, Edmonton [Diamond Clarke &

Associates], 24 June 1964

Eskildsen, V.E. #373 8411-109 Street, Edmonton [Aberdeen Groves

Hodgson], 24 June 1964

FFindlay, Margaret #? 834 Tegler Building, Edmonton, 4 May 1944

Fitzpatrick, J.H. #343 6623-97 Avenue, Edmonton [Department of

Transport], 8 April 1962




Flack, Edric Charles #182 11422 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Rule Wynn Rule],

23 May 1951

Flak, Nicholas #224 10107-142 Street, Edmonton, 8 July 1953

Fleet, Garth B. #207 11109-91 Avenue, Edmonton, 18 September 1952

Fleming, Norman M. #330 9420-148 Street, Edmonton [Alberta DPW], 26 April 1961

Fooks, Norman H. #188 10715-84 Avenue, Edmonton [Blakey Blakey & Ascher],

8 June, 1951

Forbes, D. Gordon #173 11422 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Rule Wynn Rule],

19 January 1951

Freeze, Donald Allan #130 9620-105 Street, Edmonton, 5 January 1939,

Resigned 11 January 1949 - moved to Toronto,

Reinstated 16 April 1951.

GGardener, Norman Jack #183 11004-89 Avenue, Edmonton, 23 May 1951

Gibbs, C.L. 19 August 1907, student, deceased 5 September 1934

Giles, George Leslie J. #264 10802-138 Street, Edmonton, 1 January 1957

Glenne, Alf #220 11234-89 Street, Edmonton, 18 December 1952

Gordon, Roy #156 5 May 1949

Gorniak, Frank #235 9819-111 Street, Edmonton, 14 April 1954

Grafton, Daphne Lennox #243 305 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton,

10 January 1955

Gregson, John K. #418 7608-149 Street, Edmonton [Alberta Housing],

19 June 1968

Groves, Thomas Albert #184 108 Agency Building, Edmonton [Martland & Aberdeen],

23 May 1951

HHall, Norman S. #11 October 1907, Student

Hardie, David #98 Government Building, Edmonton, 26 January 1920,

Resigned 4 December 1930

Healing, John B. #80 11 March 1913, ARIBA

Heeley, David #301 10029-117 Street, Edmonton, 18 June 1958

Hemingway, Peter #259 10133-108 Street, Edmonton, 15 February 1956

Henderson, James #25 7 March 1907, Exam 1908, deceased 25 April 1932

Henderson, H. Arthur #192 11026-89 Avenue, Edmonton [Alberta Government],

18 October 1951




Hicks,R.J. #252 8934-97 Avenue, Edmonton, 14 September 1955

Hnidan, William #253 10511-90 Street, Edmonton, 14 September 1955

Hodgson, Stanley #232 618 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton,

4 January 1954

Holden, John Edward #358 9084-52 Street, Edmonton [Assistant Architect, EPSB],

9 September 1964

Holland, A.M. #302 10740 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, 17 September 1958

Holman, Frank Thompson #262 4013-41 Avenue, Red Deer, 16 July 1956

Holubitsky, Orest Bohdan #349 10848-107 Street, Edmonton [E. Olekshy],

13 February 1963

Hopkins, E.C. #6 12 December 1906, AAA Council 1907-1908

Hutton, Anthony T. #287 10323-140 Street, Edmonton [George Heath MacDonald]

1 January 1958

IImrie, Mary Louise #143 8 Merrick Building, Edmonton, 7 December 1944

JJames, P. Leonard #8 14 December 1906, Rejoined 25 January 1909

Jamieson, John Bruce #377 10033-116 Street, Edmonton [Rensaa Minsos],

17 May 1966

Jeffers, A.M. #91 Agency Building, Edmonton, 10 November 1914

Jelliner, George A. #337 10036-117 Street, Edmonton [Alberta DPW],

2 February 1962

Jenkins, David L. #267 4, 11745-126 Street, Edmonton [Diamond Dupuis and

Dunn], 1 January 1957

Johnson, H.D. #10 Edmonton, 17 December 1906, Council 1906;

2nd vice president 1907

Jones, F.W. Edmonton, 6 January 1913, student associate

KKlingbell, Leonard C. #185 12618-106 Avenue, Edmonton [P. Campbell-Hope],

23 May 1951

Koenig, George John #346 9044-144 Street, Edmonton [AGT], 12 September 1962

Kubrak, M.Z. #367 4001-113 Avenue, Edmonton [Alberta DPW], May 1965

Kubrak, Walter #320 4009-113 Avenue, Edmonton [Alberta Government],

16 March 1960




LLafond, Pierre #245 204, F.W. Clark Building, Edmonton [Clayton & Bond],

27 April 1955

Lansdowne, F. #38 January 1908 student registered to practice,

21 September 1905.

Larrington, C.T. #233 10408 Park Road, Edmonton, 11 February 1954

Laubenthal, C.E.C. #239 10919-135 Street, Edmonton, 18 August 1954

Lines, Roland W. #12 Edmonton, 29 December 1906, Exam 1907,

Treasurer 1908, Exam 1908.

Lord, George Willingdon #138 Edmonton, 8 January 1942

MMcCulloch, Duncan #208 14006-106 Avenue, Edmonton, 18 September 1952

McDonald, Frederick H. 201 Kresge Building, Edmonton, 2 March 1939

McDonald, Lloyd George 9938-88 Avenue, Edmonton, 6 October 1938

McDougall, R.I.A. #408 22, 9915-102 Street, Edmonton [Federal DPW]

McGregor, Kenneth S. #407 Edmonton [DPW]

McIntosh, John #201 10224-109 Street, Edmonton, 26 June 1952

McKernan, Neil C. 3 Credit Foncier Building, Edmonton, 1 October 1942,

Deceased 31 January 1981

Macdonald, Cameron William 11422 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Rule Wynn Rule],

19 January 1951, Resigned 1956,

Reinstated 9 September 1964

MacDonald, George Heath illegible

MacDonald, John A. 14309 Summit Drive, Edmonton [George Heath

MacDonald], 2 August 1951

Macleod, Malcolm D. 618 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton,

8 March 1951

Magoon, H.A. #7 Edmonton, 14 October 1906, AAA Treasurer 1906-1907

Majores, Erich N. 9030-102A Avenue, Edmonton, 18 August 1954

Maltby, Leslie Ronald St. Albert [Edmonton District Planning Association]

14 September 1960

Mangold, Rudy 9130 Jasper Avenue, 14 September 1955

Martland, John 108 Agency Building, Edmonton, 10 October 1919

Marvin, P.D. Edmonton, 11 August 1913

Matsuka, Donald M. 10975-124 Street, Edmonton [Bell McCulloch Spotowski &

Associates]




Meiklejohn, Roy W. 5B, 10425-126 Street, Edmonton, 26 June 1952

Middleton, Ernest B. 10174-107 Street, Edmonton, 26 June 1952

Minsos, Alfred Oswald 300 Birks Building, Edmonton, 21 May 1948

Mitchell, R.M. Edmonton, 13 July 1915

Morehouse, E.W. Edmonton, 13 July 1915

Munro, D.B. 10942-164 Street, Edmonton [Federal Government],

6 January 1965

Munzell, A.O.H. PO Box 311, Edmonton [Federal Government],

9 August 1961

NNaito, Joe #298 10650-101 Street, Edmonton [Middleton & Sinclair],

18 June 1958

Neutra, Richard J #272 Los Angeles, CA 18 January 1957, Honourary Member

Numann, William #250 10904-126 Street, Edmonton, 14 September 1956

Nykanen, George A. #352 9016-88 Avenue, Edmonton [C.T. Larrington],

1 January 1964

O’Connor, Dennis J.L. 9946-106 Street, Edmonton [Bell & McCulloch],

20 March 1957

O’Connor, Mrs. Freyda M. 9946-106 Street, Edmonton [Bell & McCulloch],

20 March 1957

Olekshy, Eugene 10187-99 Street, Edmonton, 18 September 1952

PParn, Kristjan #270 11852 St. Albert Trail [City Architect’s Office],

9 January 1957

Pasternak, W.P. #170 501 Civic Block, Edmonton [Associate City Architect],

12 October 1950

Patrick, R.R. #277 10029-122 Street, Edmonton [DPW], 17 April 1957

Patsula, John Joseph #369 10039-143 Street, Edmonton [Abugov & Sunderland],

23 June 1965

Person, Dennis Albert #380 14028-106A Avenue, Edmonton [Howard & Robert

Bouey] 29 June 1965

Pethybridge, E.G. #167 834 Tegler Building [G.H. MacDonald], 6 July 1950

Peacock-Loukes, Pat. E. #269 3, 11203 Jasper Avenue [Diamond Dupuis & Dunn],

1 January 1957

Piffko, Julius #325 9732-105 Street, Edmonton [Alberta Government],

14 September 1960




Pinckston, D.L. #296 10546-109 Street, Edmonton [Ross-Stanley],

18 June 1958

Plotkin, Louie #227 11523-76 Avenue, Edmonton, 17 September 1953

Polhnsky, S.W. #323 4808-104 Street, Edmonton, 14 September 1960

Pratt, Blake Frederick #328 8411-109 Street, Edmonton [Aberdeen & Groves],

11 January 1961

RReimer, Norman E. #168 11422 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Rule Wynn Rule],

6 July 1950

Richards, H.S. #294 12729 Stony Plain Road, Edmonton [DPW],

16 September 1958

Roberto, Dennis #319 10440-69 Avenue, Edmonton, [Alberta Government],

16 March 1960, Resigned January 1961

Ross, Donald G. #304 516 Civic Block, Edmonton [John McIntosh],

15 October 1958, Reinstated 20 June 1979

Ross, Percy I. #17 Edmonton, 10 January 1907

Rossman, Wendell #282 6739-87 Street, Edmonton, 10 July 1957, Resigned

Rule, John U. Rule #125 Edmonton, 20 June 1938

Rule, Peter Leitch #135 Edmonton and Calgary, 2 May 1940

Rule, Peter Sr. #136 Edmonton and Calgary, 2 January 1941

Rutherford, Ian J. #191 11422 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [Rule Wynn Rule]

2 August 1951

SSahin, Bela Toth #318 5, 10924-100 Avenue, Edmonton [Alberta Government]

16 March 1960

Schmidt, Sieghard S. #285 9851-75 Avenue, Edmonton 1957 [McKernan & Bouey],

11 September ????

Seton, Hugh W. #195 618 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton

[Dewar S-- & S--], 18 January 1952

Silvertson, G.R. #372 8940-116 Street, Edmonton [Diamond Clarke Edwards],

25 August 1965

Sinclair, Donald K. #222 13603-108 Avenue, Edmonton, 6 May 1953

Skakin, C.A. #297 10564-109 Street, Edmonton [Blais Skedden &

Associates], 18 June 1958

Slawek, H.J. #291 10115-85 Avenue, Edmonton [Federal DPW],

15 January 1958




Spotowski, Walter J. #258 9946-106 Street, Edmonton, 15 February 1956

Story, Herbert #114 10029 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton [School Board Office,

Civic Block], 25 January 1929

Stroich, Nicholas W. #189 11302-110A Avenue, Edmonton [EPSB], 28 June 1951

Symonds, Robert McD. #113 Edmonton, 5 September 1928

TTanner, Doris Newland 501 Civic Block, Edmonton, 7 December 1944

Telfa, W. #260 12712-102 Avenue, Edmonton, 23 May 1956

Templar, Bruno Paul 9265 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, 2 July 1936

Tharin, Irmtraud R. [Mrs.] #371 2, 10966-122 Street, Edmonton [Bell McCulloch &

Associates] 25 August 1965

Toscano, Flavio #419 10225-114 Street, Edmonton [Hood & Gardiner],

19 June 1968

Trouth, Ralph H. 1943 Burnaby Street, Vancouver, 1 January 1945, struck

off register - see minutes of meeting No. 6 held 1 June

1950

Tschernenko, George #218 10107-142 Street, Edmonton, 20 November 1952

UUnderwood, Edward #62 Edmonton, 1 April 1912

Ussner, Wilfred R. #196 Edmonton, 13 March 1952

VVale, Roger Hilton #310 15, 10644-109 Street, Edmonton [Alberta DPW],

17 June 1959

Van Dyne, Roland M. #84 Hart House, Edmonton, 18 July 1913

Vigirs, Frank Alexander #97 Government Building, Edmonton, 26 January 1920

WWallbridge, Jean Louise #137 Edmonton, 6 February 1941, Died 30 September 1979

Wensley, B.J. #359 5208 Ada Boulevard, Edmonton [Bittorf Wensley

Architects], 18 November 1964

West, Gregory P.T. #271 Edmonton [Architects Branch DPW], 9 January 1957

Wetherill, Ewart Arthur #268 9373-85 Street, Edmonton, 1 January 1957




Whiddington, H.M. #11 Strathcona, 28 December 1906, Council 1907,

Exam 1907, Council 1908, Exam 1908,

AAA Secretary 1909

Whiddington, W.A. #4 Strathcona, 5 December 1906

Wilson, Arthur G. #36 Strathcona, 27 July 1908

Wize, James E. #5 Edmonton, 12 December 1906, Council 1906-1907,

AAA President 1908, Council 1909, Resigned 4 October

1930

Wong, Jascob Kam-Yin #331 515 Northern Hardware Building, Edmonton [McKernan

& Bouey], 14 June 1961

Workun, Morley #332 10709-74 Avenue, Edmonton [John McIntosh], July 1961

Wood, Bernard #187 9922-90 Avenue, Edmonton [P. Campbell-Hope],

23 May 1951

Wright, Edmund #95 Credit Foncier Building, Edmonton, 9 July 1917

Wynn, Gordon K. #126 Edmonton, 2 June 1938, Made Life Member




5.0 UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA GRADUATES FROM THE ARCHITECTUREPROGRAM

In 1913 Cecil Burgess arrived in Alberta to become the staff architect for the University of Alberta

on the recommendation of Percy Nobbs, Canada’s leading architect of the time. Within a few

months of his arrival he was appointed Professor of Architecture as well as University Architect.

He taught students architectural design and drafting. Many of the students were enrolled in

Engineering or Science. Although there was no formal degree in Architecture until the 1930s,

architectural students applied for professional registration through the Alberta Association of

Architects. The testing and regulation of their qualifications was handled by Professor Burgess.

In 1927, William Branton (The Superintendent of Building of the Calgary Public School Board),

was conferred “Professional Results” by the university. In 1931 Maxwell Dewar (later the City

Architect of Edmonton), was granted professional status. In 1932, the process was formalized

and a Bachelor of Science in Architecture was established. It was short lived as the program

folded after Burgess retired in 1940.

Little is known about the school and its curriculum. Trevor Body in Modern Architecture in

Alberta points out that the size and longevity of the U of A 's program “was no indication if the

quality of graduates it produced.” They included John Rule, John Stevenson and Jack

Cawston, all significant players in the movement of Modern architecture in Alberta. Burgess was

very critical and not accepting of the value of modernism. He wrote numerous articles for the

Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Journal on this subject and frequently expressed his

dislike for the functional form in a regular monthly submission he made in the journal as the

Alberta editor. He employed the methods of the Beaux-Arts tradition and emphasized a practical

approach to design. Students were taught how to design ordinary buildings and work out

structural problems. He believed that understanding the culture of architecture was a necessary

element of a proper architectural education. His students combined his more traditional

teachings with the new expressions of architecture developing within the modern movement.

The first Bachelor or Science in Architecture degree was granted to John Ulric Rule in 1931.

Graduate List 1932 - 1939

1927 William Branton (professional results)

1931 Maxwell Dewar (professional results), John Ulric Rule

1932 George Heath MacDonald [Ad. Eunden], B.Sc. In Architecture

1934/1935 No graduates




1936 John Alexander Cawston, Lloyd George MacDonald, John Stevenson, Paul

Temple Bruno, Edward Yee Wing, and Gordon Kenneth Wing.

1937 Victor Meech (First Class general standing), Margaret Dell Buchanan

1938 Ross Meredith Stanley (in absentia)

1939 Margaret Findley, George Willington Lord, Gordon Aberdeen, T. V. Throth,

Peter Leitch Rule, and Jean Louise Embery Walbridge.

1940 Lorne Burkell and Neil McKenna

In 1938 Professional Results were conferred to:

Margaret Buchanan

Jack Cawston

D.A. Freeze

F.H MacDonald

L.G. MacDonald

V.E. Mesh

John Rule

Peter Rule

Architecture was not taught again at the University of Alberta. In 1971 the University of Calgary

became Alberta’s only school of architecture.

Sources:

Boddy, Trevor, Modern Architecture in Alberta

City of Edmonton, Heritage Inventory

City of Edmonton Archives

Convocation Booklets, University of Alberta Archives




6.0 BIOGRAPHIES OF SELECTED ARCHITECTS

6.1 James Brock Bell

6.2 Richard Palin Blakey

6.3 William George Blakey

6.4 Howard Laverne Bouey

6.5 Robert Freeman Bouey

6.6 Dr. Cecil Scott Burgess

6.7 Douglas Campbell

6.8 Leycester Patrick Campbell-Hope

6.9 Ronald Clarke

6.10 Noel Dant

6.11 Maxwell C. Dewer

6.12 Robert Falconer Duke

6.13 Marjorie Hill

6.14 Mary Louise Imrie

6.15 George Heath MacDonald

6.16 John Martland

6.17 Alice Charlotte Ross

6.18 John U. Rule

6.19 Kelvin Crawford Stanley

6.20 Jean Louise Emberley Wallbridge

6.21 Gordon Kenneth Wynn




6.1 JAMES BROCK BELL (19?? - )

Early Life:

His father was the famous James A. Bell, Superintendent of the Edmonton Air Harbour.

Captain “Jimmy” Bell was a flying veteran of the Great War of 1914-1918, was born in

Yorkshire, and educated in Leeds. He came to Edmonton in 1913 to join the city

engineering department, enlisted in the C.E.F. when war began, but transferred to the

R.A.F. He was appointed manager of the Edmonton Airport in 1930, and became the

director of the Edmonton Flying Club in 1944.

“Jock” Bell was raised and educated in Edmonton.

Professional Training:

Bachelor of Architecture, University of Manitoba.

Trained with Martland and Aberdeen in Edmonton.

Trained four years as a student from 1946 to 1950.

Spent one year articling, 1950-1951.

Architectural Career:

Applied for membership in the Alberta Association of Architects on 23 May 1951.

Established Bell Spotowski, Architects in Edmonton in 1951. This firm designed many

schools, office buildings, recreational buildings, commercial and industrial buildings,

churches, stores and residences. McCullough joined partnership in 1959.

Significant Commissions:

• Christ Lutheran Church, 9120 - 146 Street, 1957

• Northwest Trust Building, 10166 - 100 Street, 1957

• Allied Chemical Canada Building, 14505 -114 Avenue, 1957

• Miller Motors, 11250 Jasper Avenue, 1959

• Edmonton General Hospital, Prime Consultants

• Received an international design award for the Research Council of Alberta laboratory in

Clover Bar in 1967

• Law Courts Building, Edmonton, 1969




Conclusion:

“The objectives of the firm are to provide clients with comprehensive architectural services

that are required for all phases of planning and project development.”

“Bell Spotowski ... believe that the environment in which we live and work is very important

and also that a building, besides being functional and efficient, must be of good design

and that good design can be achieved economically.”

“[The] firm was amongst the first to use the application of the Open Rain Screen Principal in

Canada. This method of wall construction was first initiated in this area by Bell Spotowski

and is now widely accepted as a standard concept of wall design.” - Bell Spotowski

prospectus.




6.2 RICHARD PALIN BLAKEY (1879-1963)

Early and Personal Life:

Richard Palin Blakey was born in Sunderland, County Durham, England in 1897. He was

son of George Hudson and Mary Jan Plain Blakey, a former shipwright by trade. He

married Mary Ellen Jones in 1906 in Oswestry; she was the daughter of Reverend John

Jones, a native of Wales and minister of the Wesleyan church. In May of 1907 at the age

of 28, he came to Canada arriving first in Winnipeg. In June of the next year, he entered

the service of the provincial government of Alberta and was subsequently made Provincial

Architect in 1912.

An active member of Christ Anglican Church, he and his architect brother, William George

Blakey, were responsible for the design of the church and many of its interior finishings. In

1914, at the outbreak of the World War, he enlisted at Edmonton in the Active Mission of

Alberta and became a lieutenant of the Nineteenth Alberta Dragons. He served in

Canada and England until November of 1917. Richard Blakey had one daughter, Mary

Gwendolyn who was born in 1915. He died in Edmonton in 1963 after several years of

poor health.


Blakey articled with George Thomas Brown in Wales from 1894 to 1899. He was sent on

assignments in the northern part of England and Scotland. His formal education was

taken at Bede Collegiate Institute. He was a fellow of both the Royal Institute of British

Architects and the Canadian Institute of Architects. He registered with the Alberta

Association of Architects on November 7, 1911 and served as the Society’s President for

two terms, 1916-1920 and 1934 - 1935.


Blakey started work in Edmonton with the Province of Alberta in 1907. Both he and his

brother William were employed by the Department of Public Works. He also worked from

time to time for the Carter Construction Company, which was quarrying stone at the

Glenbow quarries in Calgary.

Richard Blakey succeeded A.M. Jeffers as Provincial Architect on January 1, 1912,

although Jeffers had not yet resigned over the controversy surrounding the management

of the Provincial Legislature and its construction. Blakey finished the Legislative Buildings,

designing the staircase, rotunda, and south wing (1912-1913) as well as Government




House. While he was Provincial Architect he designed many public buildings such as

courthouses, and the Technical Schools in Calgary, Edmonton and Camrose. Blakey was

the architect responsible for Alberta’s famous one-room schools (1911). He remained the

Provincial Architect until he went into practice with R. McDowell Symonds in 1925, (Blakey

and Symonds). From 1925 to 1926 they designed numerous schools and small hospitals

across Alberta.

The Depression years were lean for Blakey and Symonds. They supplemented their

income by teaching art and drawing. Most of their commissions in the 1930s were

residential. By the mid 1930’s the architects were exploring concepts of modernism. They

designed several homes featuring streamlined designs of flat roofs and curved walls.

Following the Second World War Richard Blakey and his brother William, partnered with

a young immigrant German architect, Rudolph Ascher ( Blakey, Blakey and Ascher). Over

the next two decades the architects received many school and commercial commissions.

By the late 1950s Richard Blakey’s health was failing. The untimely death of Rudy Ascher

led to the closure of the firm. It was taken over by Robert and Harold Bouey.


• One Room School (Type A) 1911

• Legislative Building, staircase, Rotunda, South Wing 1912 – 1913

• Government House 1913

• Fort Saskatchewan Jail

• Edmonton Court House

• Normal School (Institute of Technology at Calgary) 1920

• St. Joseph’s College, University of Alberta 1926

• Elbow Park School (Calgary) 1926

• Metals Building Annex 1927

• St. Regis Hotel 1927

• Union Church, Highlands 1927

• Christ Church Rectory 1946




6.3 WILLIAM GEORGE BLAKEY (1882-1975)

Early Life:

William Blakey was born in Sunderland, County Durham, England. His father George

Hudson Blakey was a shipwright and contractor. He married Mary Jane Palin in

Sunderland. He emigrated to Edmonton to follow his brother Richard P. Blakey in 1907. In

1912 he took an extended holiday to England after speculating in the Edmonton land

boom, accumulating over $100,000 in property. On the advice of a banker, he borrowed

the money for the trip and when he returned to Edmonton he found that the market had

failed and he was seriously in debt. He married Carrie Arnold Thomas in 1914. She was

born in Musquash, New Brunswick in 1889 and came west to Edmonton with her parents.

(She died at the age of 96 on March 22, 1985.) He moved to Ottawa, worked for the

Department of Munitions and Supply and subsequently took a commission in the

Canadian Engineers in 1918.

Blakey was a short man but very athletic. After the Second World War he took up water

colour painting, which he did from his studio at his 1946 home at 13526 101 Avenue in

Edmonton. This International Style house was his own architectural refuge. He was

enchanted by Western Canada, especially the mountains and the prairies. The Blakey’s

had four children.


William Blakey was indentured to a Sunderland architect circa 1902. He completed his

apprenticeship, winning a Gold Medal of the R.I.B.A. Word arrived from his brother

Richard that there was work in Edmonton and he followed immediately. In 1907 he joined

the Department of Public Works under the direction of Provincial Architect A.M. Jeffers.

In 1908 he joined the offices of Roland W. Lines, Edmonton’s most respected architect.

Between 1908 and 1914, Lines’ firm was credited for designing three schools, a hospital,

three business blocks, two civic structures, several buildings for the N.W.M.P. as well as

numerous private residences. Blakey was part of this flurry of building activity until the war.

From 1912 to 1914 he worked with the Department of Munitions and Supply for the next

four years and help designed wartime infrastructure.

He returned to Edmonton with his young family and entered into a business arrangement

with H.E. Evans, a contractor who built houses in neighbourhoods such as Inglewood. In




1925 William Blakey entered into partnership with his brother Richard Palin Blakey

(1879-1963), who had been the Provincial Architect from 1912 until 1924. The firm

underwent several expansions becoming Blakey, Blakey and Ascher, and then Blakey,

Blakey, Bouey, Bouey and Ascher. William Blakey joined the Alberta Association of

Architects in 1913 and was elected president for the 1924-1925 term. He was a member

of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and served as the Alberta representative to

that institution several times throughout his career.

He started to explore principles of modern architecture in the mid-1930s. In 1938 he was

the local architect for the new streamlined Eaton’s store. He then started to design schools

and theatres in the modernistic approach.

Blakey returned to Ottawa in 1942 to work for the Standards and Measurements Branch.

Back in Edmonton in 1946 he gave a series of lectures on modern house construction

and design. He talked about the need for the use of architects in designing homes as well

as the virtues of new methodologies. Flat roofs and basement-less homes were

encouraged. In 1946, he put these theories to practice in the design of his own home.

Blakey entered the postwar period with decades of experience behind him and a fresh

approach to design. He fancied the work of the Internationalists and followed pure forms

of the style. By 1950s he experimented with a more expressionistic approach, most

notably present in the design of St. Anthony’s Church. Although his firm included his

brother Richard in this period, he and the second principal Rudy Ascher were the most

active partners. They designed churches, industrial buildings, schools and small

commercial blocks.

William Blakey was one of the longest practicing architects in the history of the Province.

His work reflects the range of styles in the 20th century.

Significant Commissions

• Edmonton Journal Building 1920 – 1921

• Safeway Store 1929

• Masonic Temple 1930

• Inglewood Badminton Club 1931

• R.C.M.P Administration Building 1934

• T. Eaton Store (with Northwood and Chivers) 1938

• Roxy Theatre 1938




• St. Johns’ School 1939

• Garneau Theatre 1940

• Christ Church 1946

• Blakey Residence 1946

• St. George’s Greek Orthodox Church 1947

• St. Anthony’s Procathedral 1947

• St. Margaret’s School

• Garneau Tower (now know as the Noble Building) 1951

• MacCosham Storage 1952

• St. Agnes Parish Church 1954

• All Saints Cathedral 1955




6.4 HOWARD LAVERNE BOUEY [1921- ]

Early Life

Educated in Regina, Saskatoon and Winnipeg, Howard Bouey served during the Second

World War as a Flight Lieutenant in the RCAF.

Professional Training

Howard Bouey studied architecture at the University of Manitoba under Dean Jack

Russell. He received his B. Arch. in 1949.

Professional Career

Bouey collaborated with E.G. Pethybridge on NADP (Northern Alberta Dairy Pool) Addition

in Edmonton. He worked in Edmonton with George Heath MacDonald in design of many

postwar buildings.

He applied for membership with the Alberta Association of Architects on 21 June 1950

and was a partner in McKernan and Bouey for eight years. He was elected as a Fellow of

the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC) in 1961. In 1962, he formed a

partnership with his brother Robert and the firm was known as Howard & Robert Bouey

Architects. Later it became known as Bouey, Bouey & Rutledge Architects.


• Cross Cancer Clinic, with E. Olekshy, Architect, 1968

• Wiancko Medical Clinic and Office Building, 1974

• Grace United Church

• Chalmers United Church

• St. Stephen's United Church

• Queen Elizabeth Composite High School addition

• Bonnie Doon Composite High School addition

• University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education addition

• various Edmonton Public Library branches

• Chancery Hall, Winston Churchill Square

• T.E. Bate Engineering stores

• La Fleche Brothers Tailoring Plant and Shopping Centre, 1967

• Bank of Nova Scotia, 64 Avenue and 104 Street

• Pleasantview Office and Professional Building




• Century Place

• Medical Fitness Building

• Wianko Residence; Van Alstine Residence; Shaw Residence; Newsome Residence;

Steen Residence; Tegart Residence

• Delwood Gardens, for Belvedere Developments; won NHBA National Award for Group

Housing, 1968

• Numerous multiple-family dwellings

• Alberta Oxygen and Acetylene Plant




6.5 ROBERT FREEMAN BOUEY [1927- ]

Early Life

Educated in Regina, Saskatoon and Winnipeg


Robert Bouey studied Architecture at the University of Manitoba and received his B. Arch.

in 1949, the same year has his brother. He worked as an assistant to E.J. McCadden,

Provincial Architect of Saskatchewan

Professional Career

Bouey worked in Edmonton with Rule Wynn & Rule, and Stanley & Stanley Architects. He

applied for membership in the AAA on 6 July 1950. He was employed by Schools Division

of the London (England) County Council where he designed the Composite High School

for Putney Park, London, England. He traveled widely in the United States and Europe,

visiting important architects in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Holland,

France, New York and Chicago.

Bouey Worked for a decade with Blakey, Blakey & Ascher and started his own practice in

1961. He formed partnership with his brother Robert in 1962. Firm: Howard & Robert

Bouey

He was elected as a FRAIC in 1972. Bouey Bouey & Rutledge Architects [with William C.

Rutledge] was formed in 1976.


• Cross Cancer Clinic, with E. Olekshy, Architect, 1968

• Wiancko Medical Clinic and Office Building, 1974

• Medical Arts Building

• Royal Alexandra Hospital [with Rule Wynn & Rule]

• Kirk United Church

• Convent and Residence for Ursulines of Jesus

• Trinity United Church

• Ottewell United Church

• Queen Elizabeth Composite High School addition

• Bonnie Doon Composite High School addition

• University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education addition




• Oliver Building

• Edmonton Public Library branches

• Chancery Hall

• T.E. Bate Engineering stores

• La Fleche Brothers Tailoring Plant and Shopping Centre, 1967

• Bank of Nova Scotia, 64 Avenue and 104 Street

• Pleasant View Office and Professional Building

• Century Place

• Medical Fitness Building

•Wianko Residence; Van Alstine Residence; Shaw Residence; Newsome Residence;

Steen Residence; Tegart Residence

• Delwood Gardens, for Belvedere Developments; won NHBA National Award for

Group Housing, 1968

• Numerous multiple-family dwellings

• Alberta Oxygen's Oxygen and Acetylene Plant




6.6 DR. CECIL SCOTT BURGESS [1870-1971]

Early Life:

Burgess was born 4 October 1870 in Bombay, India. He was the son of James Burgess,

C.I.E., LL.D., Director of the Archaeological Survey of India, and Anne [Allan] Burgess.

They traveled, and then immigrated to Montreal in 1903.

Personal Life:

During the Great War of 1914-1918 Burgess served as a private with the 66th Battalion,

C.E.F., Edmonton; Captain, Quartermaster, 93rd Western University Battalion, and 19th

Canadian Reserve Battalion. [Who’s Who in Canada, 1940-41]. Burgess enjoyed golf

and curling. For years he lived at 10958 - 89th Avenue, Edmonton, and died in Edmonton

on 12 November 1971 at the age 101 years.


He was educated at Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland and article with Sir George

Washington Brown, Edinburgh. He attended Heriot Watt College and the Royal Scottish

Academy Art School, while with Sir George Brown. He was an assistant to various

architects in London, Liverpool, York and Montreal.

After retirement from the University of Alberta, he attended M.I.T. to receive a certificate in

town planning. He focused on town planning after academic retirement, working out of

offices in the MacLeod Block, and later the McLean Block in downtown Edmonton.


Burgess was an Instructor in Architecture at McGill University, 1910 and “designed a

number of public buildings and residences.” He was a Professor of Architecture at the

University of Alberta from 1913 until 1940. The Edmonton Bulletin [11 December 1939]

reported: “Insufficient students interested in studying architecture to warrant the

continuation of the faculty has forced the University to close this branch, and Prof. Burgess

retirement resulted.”

Burgess was a member of the Edmonton Town Planning Commission from 1929 until his

retirement in 1940, “and hopes to make his membership in this body his hobby after

retirement.” In fact he was Chairman for several years, until his retirement in protest in

1949. He felt that the city was not allowing the commission to perform its duties.

[Edmonton Bulletin 11 December 1939; Edmonton Journal 16 February 1949]. He was




influential in planning the Edmonton city centre. On the occasion of his retirement,

Burgess addressed the University of Alberta Philosophical Society on 13 December 1939,

and concluded that better city planning was a national need, and that “better cities must

contribute to a better social order.” [Edmonton Bulletin 14 December 1939]. Burgess was

appointed honourary Secretary of the Town Planning Commission at its annual meeting at

the Civic Block on 9 January 1940.

Burgess was invited to the University of Alberta in 1913 by Dr. H. M. Tory as “Resident

Architect.” His duties involved teaching, and consulting on the campus building projects.

He was the first Chairman of the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Applied Science.

He became an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects and Royal Architectural

Institute in 1896, and a Fellow in 1933. He became an Associate of the Town Planning

Institute of Canada in 1920. And a Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada in

1930. Burgess was a member of the Alberta Association of Architects and was on AAA

Council for thirty years. In 1940 he was named Professor Emeritus, Architecture, University

of Alberta.

On 27 October 1958 Burgess was awarded an honourary Doctor of Laws degree by the

University of Alberta.


Burgess was an associate with Nobbs & Hyde Architects, Montreal, and worked as

supervising architect [1915] on the Arts and Sciences Building and the Medical Building at

the University of Alberta, and the Birks Office Building, Edmonton. He was consulting

architect to the Government of Alberta on various administrative offices.

He designed Pembina Hall and six staff residences “on the loop” as his first work as

superintending architect at the University of Alberta. Burgess was associate architect for

the provincial Natural Resources Building [now the Bowker Building].

As a private consultant he designed several small hospitals for Alberta towns and

produced:

• Town plans for Jasper townsite 1944-1947.

• Town plans for Banff townsite 1945-1947.

• Town plans for Lethbridge townsite 1946-1947.

• Town plans for Medicine Hat townsite 1946-1947.




6.7 DOUGLAS CAMPBELL [1914 - ]

Early Life

Campbell was born in 1914. His family moved to Leduc, Alberta in February 1914. His

father was Andrew Graham Campbell [1875-1972], the Town Manager, Secretary-

Treasurer, Magistrate, and dairy farmer at Leduc. His mother was Eunice Winifred Haines

[1884-1980], piano and choral teacher in Leduc. He contracted polio in September 1919,

but it was misdiagnosed as rheumatic fever. Campbell’s parents were well educated and

provided home schooling until he was 11 years old. He began to attend King George

School in Leduc in 1925.


He attended Olds Agricultural College where he gained some drafting experience and

began work with the Petroleum and Natural Gas Division, Alberta Department of Lands

and Mines on 13 January 1938. He worked as a clerk-secretary at first and remained with

the Mining Lands Division when the main division transferred to the new Petroleum and

Natural Gas Conservation Board in Calgary. Later he transferred to the Technical

Division of the Department, where he took drafting courses at night school. He added to

this through International Correspondence School courses.

Architectural Career

Campbell was appointed architectural draftsman with the Edmonton City Architect in May

1944. He then worked at City Hall as the only draftsman in the Department. He became

the Edmonton Public Schools chief draftsman to August 1950. He moved for a short while

to Toronto and became project architect for schools with Page and Steele, Architects from

September 1950 to May 1951.

He passed the AAA entrance examinations in 1950 and joined as member, one of the few

who ever gained their education through correspondence.

Campbell returned to Alberta and was a project architect with Alberta Department of

Public Works from June 1951 to November 1954. He was an architectural draftsman on

school projects for Rensaa and Minsos from November 1954 to January 1957.

Campbell established D.M. Campbell, Architect, in 1957. His own practice began with

church projects. Campbell & Fleet, Architects was established in January 1958. Campbell

& Jenkins, Architects was later formed and continued to October 1965. He retired in April




1968 and was technical assistant to the Director, University of Alberta, Campus

Development, from November 1965 to March 1968.

Significant Work

Campbell was architect for many United Church congregations in Edmonton and

elsewhere.




6.8 LEYCESTER PATRICK CAMPBELL-HOPE [1908-1962]

Early Life:

Campbell-Hope was born on 17 February 1908 at Wadebridge, Cornwall, England. He

was educated by private tutor in Ceylon in 1915. He was educated at Uppingham Public

School from 1915 to 1921. His family immigrated to farm near Westlock, Alberta in 1921.

Personal Life:

1942 – 1945 Campbell-Hope served with the Royal Canadian Air Force overseas as a

Pilot Officer and Flight Engineer. He was a member of the Edmonton Golf and Country

Club; Edmonton Petroleum Club; Garrison Officers Club; 700 Wing; Royal Canadian

Legion.


Campbell-Hope moved to Edmonton where he attended the Edmonton Technical School

to study drafting. He attended Victoria High School between 1924 and 1926.

He worked with Richard P. Blakey and William J. Blakey as a student draftsman from 1924

to 1927. In 1927-1932 he worked as a draftsman for Magoon and MacDonald on the new

Federal Building and renovations to the King Edward Hotel and the Corona Hotel. During

the Depression he had to work at various jobs, such as working on the road in Elk Island

National Park, as a purser on a HBC vessel, and a building superintendent for Poole

Construction.

He received his B.Sc. Architecture from the University of Alberta in 1940. In 1940 he

worked with George Heath MacDonald Architect and with Jack Cawston, Max Dewar, and

Margaret Findlay.


Campbell-Hope became a member of the Alberta Association of Architects, 3 January

1940 and practiced in Edmonton from 1946 until his death in 1962.


• Ukrainian National Home of Edmonton, 1946

• The Land Titles Building

• The Aberhart Sanatorium Hospital




• Safeway stores

• CFRN Studios

• Kitscoty School

• Beth Israel Synagogue

• Salvation Army Citadel

• Mill Creek Swimming Pool

•Imperial Lumber Office

• St. Johns Cathedral

• Lawton Junior High School

• Edmonton Gold and Country Club

• St. James United Church

Conclusion:

He died 7 October 1962 in an automobile accident north of Grande Prairie.

“A principle Pat always tried to get across was make it simple, and that applied to

mechanical and electrical [systems], as the rural areas didn’t have the tradesman

expertise that was prevalent in the cities. In addition to good design, you had to be able

to build it and his reputation was being on budget.” - T. Bryan Campbell-Hope




6.9 RONALD CLARKE [1922-1981]

Early Life:

Clarke was educated at Barrow Hill Road School, London, England, 1927-1937. He

attended Northwest London Polytechnic School of Architecture, London, England

and then came to Canada in 1950.


1940-1941 E. Bates, Architect, London, England

1942-1945 R.A.F.

1945-1950 Mark Hartland-Thomas, Architect, London, England

1950-1951 P.Campbell –Hope,Edmonton

1951-1952 Ralph Brownlee. Architect, Edmonton

ArchitecturalCareer:

1951-1953 Architectural Branch. Department of Public Works, Government

of Alberta

1954-1958 Chief Architect, Alberta Department of Public Works

1959-1969 Partner, Diamond – Clarke and Associates . This firm had branches in

Calgary, Regina, Antigua and the British West Indies.

1970 The Diamond- Clarke partnership dissolved and Clarke became a senior

partner in Clarke, Sunders, Boucock and Associates.

1973-1978 Ronald Clarke continued to practice on his own.

Significant Work and Commissions:

As the Chief Architect of the Department of Public Works he was responsible for managing

all public works projects, including schools, and hospitals.

From 1964 to 1972 he was project director of the University of Alberta health Sciences

Centre. This included the Centennial Hospital, H.S.C. Centre Building, the Pharmacy

building, and the Dentistry Building.




6.10 NOEL BUCKLAND DANT [1914-1993]

Early Life:

Dant was educated at Taunton School, Somerset, England, 1926-1932. He attended

London University and Edinburgh University and came to Edmonton from England in

1949.


1926-1932 Taunton School, Taunton, Somerset.

1932-1934 University Correspondence College, Cambridge.

1938 Awarded London Matriculation with Distinction.School of

1939 Architecture, Regent Street Polytechnic, London,

England.

1937 Awarded Silver Medal and Certificate in Architecture.

Awarded Royal Institute of British Architects [R.I.B.A.] and M.C.C.

Joint Travelling “studentship” to Rome.

Awarded R.I.B.A. Archibald Dawnay Scholarship for advanced

architectural construction research.

1938 Winner of R.I.B.A. Bannister Fletcher Essay.

1938 Graduated with Diploma in Architecture, Dip.Arch., London,

Awarded Bossom Gold Medal in Architecture.

Awarded Robert Mitchell Gold Medal in Architecture.

1940-1942 Nottingham School of Architecture.

1940 Elected Associate of Royal Institute of British Architects, London.

[A.R.I.B.A.]

1942-1944 Polytechnic School of Architecture, England.

1944-1945 Awarded Andrew Grant Scholarship to Department of Town Planning,

Edinburgh University, Scotland.

Graduated with Diploma in Town Planning, Dip.T.P., Edinburgh,

Scotland.

1945-1946 Awarded Research Fellowship to Yale University.

1938 Graduated with Master of Architecture in City Planning degree

Yale.

1939 Elected Associate Member of Town Planning Institute, London,

[A.M.T.P.I.]

Awarded William Parsons Bronze Medal for excellence in City

Planning at Yale.




1946-1948 Awarded Arthur Wheelwright Fellowship to Harvard University.

1948 Graduated with Master's degree in Regional Planning, Harvard.

1948-1949 Candidate for Ph.D degree in Regional Planning, Harvard.

Also trained with T.C. Van Langenburg and Son, Federated Malay

States, Kuala Lumpur

Assistant to Hubert Bennett, FRIBA, London, England; McKay and

Jamieson,

BRIBA, Edinburgh, Scotland; Assistant Architect

Co-Architect, Toronto Transit Commission, Rapid Transit Section,

Member, Alberta Association of Architects, 16 January 1950.Also

Dip. Arch. [London University]; Diploma of Town Planning,

Edinburgh;

Master of Architecture, Yale; MRP, Yale.

Architectural and Planning Career:

1936-1938 Summer vacation jobs while an architectural student as Architectural

Assistant with H.M.Office of Works, London, working on contract

designing Government post offices, telephone exchanges and

garages.

1939-1940 Architect's Assistant with Hubert Bennett ARIBA London, in charge of

design of new Junior and Infants School, Swinton, Lancashire, and later

as Clerk of Works for this job, resident on the site. Lecturer in Building

Construction and Head Studio Master at the School Architecture College

of Art, Nottingham University, England. Lecturer in Architectural subjects

and senior studio master at School of Architecture, Regent Street

Polytechnic

1938 Assistant Architect to Borough of Hornsey, London. Engaged on

experimental housing projects such as apartments, within the framework

of the County of London Plan.

1945-1946 Planner (part time) to the New Haven City Plan Commission, New Haven,

Connecticut.

1947 Planning Consultant to the Future Springfield Inc. group, engaged on the

preparation of major projects for the City of Springfield, Massachusetts.

1948-1949 Co-architect with the Toronto Transportation Commission, Rapid Transit

Department, engaged on the design and preparation of contract working




drawings for stations and subways on the proposed Rapid Transit

System for Toronto.

1949 Sensor City Planner with the Chicago Plan Commission.

1949-1955 Became Edmonton’s first full-time urban planner. Left Edmonton between

1955 and 1960.

1957-1960 Regional planning officer at Accra, Ghana; did additional work for the

TTC; Director of Planning for the Lakehead Planning Board in Ontario.

1960-1979 Director of Alberta Planning between 1960 and his retirement in 1979.

Did not practice architecture while in Alberta.


• Designed the new Junior and Infants School, Swinton, Lancashire.

• “Miscellaneous shelters, decontamination centres and aircraft factories, under the

provisions of the A.R.P. [Air Raid Precautions] regulations during World War II,

England.” [AAA Application for Membership, 16 January 1950]

• Landscaped the gardens of the Deputy Director, Museum of Modern Arts,

New York at Farmington,Connecticut

• Designed stations for the new TTC “subway” in Toronto.

• Oversaw the laying out of the many residential and industrial subdivisions

which characterized postwar Edmonton.

• Introduced the European urban concept of traffic circles to Edmonton during

the 1950s.

• Convinced Edmonton City Council to accept the outer ring road plan in 1965.

• Drafted the Alberta Planning Act [1978].

Conclusion:

Died 21 August 1993, “I tried to be literally a civil servant, but I refused to be a

bureaucrat.” - Noel Dant




6.11 MAXWELL C. DEWAR [1910 - 1955]


Dewar was Edmonton City Architect and Inspector of Buildings 1937 - 1949. He

replaced J. Martland as Inspector of Buildings in 1943. The increased duties led to the

failure of his health in 1947. He resigned as City Architect on 7 November 1949. His

duties ended 30 November 1949. He was replaced by Robert A. Duke, Acting City

Architect.

Almost the entire staff of the department followed Dewar into his private practice, Dewar,

Cawston and Stevenson [Edmonton branch of the Calgary firm, Stevenson, Cawston

and Stevenson - with John Stevenson and P.J. Cawston]. Those who joined him were

architect Doris Tanner, engineer Benny Peterson, draftsmen Jack Bolander and Tom

Erwin. His secretary Peggy Goodenough followed later.

As City Architect he pressed for the creation of the new planning department, and the

Technical Development Board, organized between 1946 and 1949. He was President

of the Alberta Association of Architects and in March 1954 became a Fellow of the RAIC.


• Jasper Place Community Hall, 9937 - 148 Street, 1948

• August 1951 Appointed to the National Research Council as a member of the

technical committee on design for the national building code.

• Victoria Composite High School. Won American School Publishing

Corporation Award , February 1952 for plans and photographs of this project.

• Edmonton City Hall plan.

Conclusion:

Died 1 April 1955, “The death of Maxwell C. Dewar on April 1st at the early age of forty-

five is a calamity to the profession and to a much wider circle in Alberta. He was a man

of goodwill and of a super-abundant energy who had risen high in his profession by

personal ability and by unsparing application to whatever he put his hand to. That

ability and devotion he expended in many spheres beyond that of his profession. I feel

his loss personally when I recall the many council meetings for various purposes at

which through the years, I have met him. One might differ from his opinions of policies,




but one could never quarrel with Max; he was so clearly impersonal in discussing the

matter in hand; he worked for the cause or the objectives in view. Having suffered more

than one heart-seizure, he was well aware of the slender thread upon which his life

hung; yet his energy could not be repressed and the final blow fell whilst he was upon

one of his many undertakings.” - Cecil Burgess

Journal, RAIC May 1955




6.12 ROBERT FALCONER DUKE [1904-1984 ]

Early Life:

Duke was born on 16 October 1904 in Birkenhead, England. He was brought to

Canada as an infant in 1905. He was raised in Saskatoon, where he received his

schooling then moved to Edmonton in 1946. Duke died in October 1984.


Duke attended university during 1922-1924 and 1932-1934, taking extramural

architectural courses.


Between 1938-1946, Duke was District Resident Architect for the Federal Department of

Public Works. He joined the City of Edmonton Architects Department as Assistant City

Architect on 2 July 1946. When Max Dewar resigned, and took all the departmental

staff with him, Duke was promoted to Acting City Architect on 17 November 1949. He

was appointed City Architect and Inspector of Buildings on 1 February 1950. He retired

in 1969.

Significant Work:

Duke preserved the position of City Architect and Inspector of Buildings at a time when it

had collapsed, and when City Council was considering phasing it out. He oversaw a

period of great growth and innovation in Edmonton’s urban growth.

• 1954 No.4 Fire Station

• Circa 1955 Rossdale Water Filtration Plant

• 1960 Edmonton Planetarium

• 1960 No.1 Fire Station




6.13 MARJORIE HILL [1895-1985]

Early Life

Marjorie Hill was born in Guelph, Ontario. Her father was E.L. Hill, a high school science

teacher, who moved to Calgary, then later to Strathcona. E.L. Hill was the first Chief

Librarian of Edmonton from 1912 to 1936. Marjorie Hill matriculated from Strathcona

High School. She then completed the four-year B.A. at the University of Alberta in 1916.


Marjorie Hill studied architecture and construction under Cecil Burgess at the University

of Alberta. In 1918 she became the third woman to enter Architecture at the University of

Toronto. When Anna Kentner was forced to withdraw from third year due to the Spanish

flu pandemic in 1918, Hill went on to become the first woman to graduate in architecture

from a Canadian university.

She worked as a draftsman for Wickson & Gregg in Toronto during the summer of 1919.

She received her Bachelor of Applied Science in Architecture, 1920. Her convocation

on 4 June 1920 was widely covered in the media. During 1920 she worked with the T.

Eaton Co. "decorative department" in Toronto and returned to Edmonton in 1920, but

could find no work. She taught in a country school during 1921. Hill was turned down

by the AAA when she applied for membership. She worked for MacDonald and Magoon,

and detailed the Carnegie Library entrance in 1922.

Hill returned to the University of Toronto in 1922 to study housing and town planning;

her thesis was titled "An Exposition of Town Planning". She then took a course in

architectural design at Columbia University in 1923 and worked for New York firms from

1923 to 1928. She worked with Marcia Mead during 1923 and 1924, then for Miss K.C.

Budd from 1925 to 1928.

In 1925 she had gained the one year's experience required to join the AAA, and

became the first woman to register with any provincial architectural association in

Canada. Poor health forced her to stop work in 1929, and this situation continued

during the Depression. In 1936 the family moved to Victoria, British Columbia




Professional Career

Hill received her first professional commission in 1940, to convert a single family home

into a duplex. During the Second World War she produced many residential plans,

and conversions, sometimes as many as three per week. In 1945 she was elected to the

Victoria Town Planning Commission. In 1946 she returned to full time practice, working

independently as an "architectural designer". She registered with the Architectural

Institute of British Columbia in 1953, and could once again call herself an architect. Hill

retired in 1963


Most of her important commissions date from her practice in Victoria.




6.14 MARY LOUISE IMRIE [1918-1988]

Early Life:

Mary Louise Imrie was born in Toronto in 1918. She moved to Edmonton in 1921, with

her family. Her father was John Mills Imrie, the Pulitzer Prize winning publisher of the

Edmonton Journal. She attended Edmonton public schools, and completed Grade 12 in

1936.

Personal Life:

Mary Imrie left her estate to the Park Ventures Fund, administered by the Recreation,

Parks and Wildlife Foundation. Her bequest included Six Acres, and other properties.

She died 11 April 1988.


Imrie designed the Imrie family lake cottage in 1934, when only 16. She enrolled in the

program for the Bachelor of Applied Science in Architecture at the University of Alberta

in 1938. When Dr. C.S. Burgess resigned and the department was closed, she applied

to the University of Toronto, and was accepted into second year architecture in 1940.

Imrie worked summers at Rule, Wynn and Rule in Edmonton during 1941 and 1942.

She received her degree in 1944, and remained in Toronto to work with architect

Harold Smith on hospital projects. Later she worked in Vancouver for architect C.B.K.

Van Norman. She returned to Edmonton at the end of 1944.


With Jean Wallbridge, Imrie was the first Canadian woman to establish her own

architectural partnership, in 1951. She was registered with the Alberta Association of

Architects on 7 December 1944, the fifth woman to do so.

Imrie worked with Rule, Wynn and Rule in Edmonton during 1945. She worked in the

Office of the City Architect and Inspector of Buildings from 1946 to 1949 and worked

with Jean Wallbridge there. In 1947 Wallbridge and Imrie were given a three-month

leave by City Architect Max Dewar, during which they took a tour of Europe to study

post-war reconstruction and urban planning. Wallbridge and Imrie also traveled to

Afghanistan, Northern India and the Middle East during 1957-1958, writing articles for

architectural journals about the experience.





• The Queen Mary Apartments 1951-1953

• "Six Acres", the Wallbridge and Imrie residence and office 1954-1957

• St. James Roman Catholic Church, Edmonton

• The Luxton Museum, Banff

• Greenfield Elementary School, 3735-114 Street

• The Ward residence on Marlboro Road

• Seniors residences at Elk Point, Wetaskiwin and Lac La Biche




6.15 GEORGE HEATH MACDONALD [1883-1961]

Early Life:

George Heath MacDonald was Born 16 January 1883 in Murray Harbour, Prince

Edward Island. His father, William MacDonald, was a farmer.

Personal Life:

MacDonald lived with his family in Montreal and Toronto during the Great War of 1914-

1918, working with the Department of Munitions. He wrote Edmonton - Fort, House,

Factory in 1954. This was an influential part of the plan to build Fort Edmonton Historic

Park. He died in 1961.


MacDonald went to work as a draftsman in 1899, with the Dominion Steel and Coal

Company in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He worked for H.A. Magoon in Sydney, the beginning

of a long association. In 1904 he came to Alberta with Magoon, where he continued to

work for him as a draftsman in his new architectural practice.

MacDonald completed his matriculation at Alberta College while working for Magoon.

He attended McGill University from 1907 to 1911, where he received his Bachelor of

Architecture degree.


Soon after receiving his degree, he became a junior partner with the Magoon firm, and

later became a full partner. Magoon and MacDonald practiced for many years, adding

many signature buildings to the Edmonton scene.


• Georgian Revival MacDonald Residence, [The White House], 1913

[This house later was owned by John Imrie, and was the home of Mary Imrie]

• Salvation Army Citadel, 10030 -102 Street, 1925

• E.A. Corbett Hall [with D.E. MacDonald], 1929

• Memorial Hall, Robertson-Wesley United Church, 10209 - 123 Street

• The Federal Building, Edmonton

• General Hospital

• University of Alberta Hospitals, Nurses Home and South Wing




• Schwermann Hall, Concordia College, 7128 Ada Boulevard, 1926

• YWCA Building

• Knox United Church

• McDougall United Church

• Education Building, University of Alberta

• Hangars and other buildings at air fields along the North West Staging Route

during the Second World War

• Old St. Stephen’s College

• Tegler Building

.




6.16 JOHN MARTLAND (1878-1957)

Early and Personal Life:

John Martland was a native of Moss Lane, Lancashire, England and was born in 1878.

He was educated at Ormskirk Grammar School, The Royal, Technical Institute, Salford,

and the College of Technology affiliated with Victoria University in Manchester. After

serving with a variety of architects he started to practice in Liverpool.

Martland came to Edmonton in 1910 to work with R. W. Lines and practiced architecture

in Edmonton until his retirement to Victoria in 1953. Martland died in Victoria after a

lengthy illness in December in 1957. He was survived by his widow, a daughter Mrs. E.

J. Rimmel, and his son, Ronald, an Edmonton lawyer, and judge.

John Martland was very active in the Masonic Lodges, and received a half-century

certificate from the Empire Lodge. He was a long time choir member at All Saint’s

Anglican Church. In 1951 The Edmonton Journal reported that Martland had returned

from an English tour of seven months. He spent time visiting Manchester officials and

commented on the new methods of house construction, road building and

reconstruction programs. He reported to Mayor Parsons although his visit was not an

official one.


Martland studied architecture at the Royal Technical Institute in Salford and Victoria

University in Manchester. He held many positions with the Alberta Association of

Architects, included a term as President from 1944 - 1945. He was a Fellow of the Royal

Architectural Institute of Canada.


In 1910, Martland first worked for Roland Lines for a matter of months. Later that year

he was hired by the City of Edmonton’s building inspector’s department. In 1912 he left

the City to form a practice with D. Hardie. After three years he returned to the employ of

the City of Edmonton. During this period he designed a new telephone building.

In 1919 Martland was transferred to the City Engineer’s Department and was promoted

to the head the department in 1926. John Martland was the City of Edmonton’s Architect

and Building Inspector until 1944. He retired from the City in 1944 and entered into




practice with Thomas Aberdeen. He retired from practice of architecture in 1953 and

moved to Victoria.


• Edmonton Municipal Golf course 1922

• Edmonton Police Station 1931

• City Market 1933

• Edmonton Municipal Airport Hangars #2, and #3 1937,1938

• Holy Trinity Anglican Church Parish Hall 1948

• Edmonton Cemetery Co. Caretaker’s Residence 1948

• Northgate Building 1950

• Steward Petroleum Office 1951




6.17 ALICE CHARLOTTE ROSS [1889-1968]

Early Life

Alice Charlotte Ross was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, on 13 August 1889 and was

brought to Calgary as an infant. She was educated at the Sacred Heart Convent in

Calgary. Ross aspired to be a civil engineer like her father, who worked on the Low

Level Bridge.

Personal Life and Professional Training

Ross graduated from a four-year architecture course at the Rhode Island School of

Design, New York, in 1910. There was no work in Alberta for a woman architect in

1910, so she worked at the Revelstoke Lumber Company, after some time with her

father's Calgary firm.

She married Hugh V. Ross, an employee at Revelstoke Lumber Company, in

1917. The Ross family moved to Duffield later, where Hugh Ross established his

own lumber company. Alice Ross sometimes drew up plans or blueprints for the

company in Duffield. She completed her postgraduate work at the Rhode Island

School of Design in 1948 and returned to Edmonton to establish Ross Home

Plans, her own company which specialized in residential design. Alice Charlotte

Ross is credited as Canada's first female architect. "Ross then followed through

[with Ross Home Plans] on her idea of developing a catalogue of small homes.

The concept was to develop a basic home plan which could be modified to suit

individual clients." [Edmonton Journal 16 August 1992]

Professional Career

Hugh Ross died in 1944, and Alice Ross moved with the family to Edmonton. She

worked in wartime Edmonton for a construction company designing a project for the

National housing scheme.

Significant Work

• Designed many residences in the Strathearn Heights area built by the George

Prudham Company.

• Mills Motors Ltd., 10050-108 Street, 1949

• Builder's Supplies Building, 10771 - 101 Street, 1949

• Miller Lumber, 10460 - 111 Street, 1949

• Windsor Park Community League, 11840 - 87 Avenue, 1949




6.18 JOHN U. RULE [1904-1978]

Early Life:

John Rule was born in Sunderland, Durham, England. His parents brought him to

Edmonton in 1910. He completed his training at Camrose Normal School and taught for

several years in rural Alberta schools before enrolling in architecture at the University

of Alberta.

Personal Life:

John Rule directed and performed in several civic opera productions in Edmonton. He

was active in the Churchill Society, the Royal Glenora Club, the Rotary Club. He died

December 1978.

“The firm of Rule Wynn and Rule was unusual for several reasons. It was Alberta

based, when most of the leading Canadian firms operated from either Ontario or

Quebec. Even more unusual, it was headed by principals who had studied in Alberta,

obtaining degrees of Bachelor of Science in Architecture [from the University of

Alberta].”

“It is difficult to generalize about the stylistic idiom employed by the firm. The early

commissions are historicist, combining Tudor and Classical details in a somewhat

simplified manner. But as early as 1940, the firm designed the Varscona Theatre [now

demolished] described by architectural historian Harold Kalman as showing ‘the more

developed Moderne manner’.”

“And yet, despite the principals’ evident attachment to Modernism, this was an

architectural firm that defined its stylistic scope in terms of the desires of its clients, rather

than dictating to them a vision that they may have resisted. For example, Modernism of

necessity took a step backwards when, at the express wish of the client’s local

manager, the firm designed facilities for the international engineering giant

Schlumberger that were reminiscent of a Swiss chalet.”

- Geoffrey Simmins, Canadian Architectural Archives, University of Calgary


John [“Pop”] Rule Sr., his father, an active contractor in Edmonton, designed and built

in the City of Edmonton, and was an influence on his sons. “Pop” Rule ran the firm

when the partners were away during the Second World War. Rule graduated with




Bachelor of Applied Sciences in Architecture from the University of Alberta in 1932 and

also earned a Bachelor of Science in Art. He also received a Master of Arts degree from

the University of Chicago.


Rule, Wynn & Rule was established in 1938. John Rule served with the Royal

Canadian Navy during the war years. John’s brother, Peter Rule, opened the Calgary

office after the war, and ran it until his death in 1964. John Rule retired in 1967. The

Edmonton and Calgary offices were split.

Significant Commissions [to the mid-1960s]:

• Foster and McGarvey funeral chapel, 103 Street at 100 Avenue, was the first

commission of the Rule, Wynn & Rule firm.

• Glenora School on 102 Avenue was the second commission.

• The Rutherford Library, University of Alberta

• The Royal Glenora Club

• Greyhound Bus Terminal

• The controversial Alberta Government Telephones office building [1951] near

the Legislature Grounds, the first curtain wall structure in Edmonton, built only

one year after the Lever House in New York.

• Westglen School

• Andrews-McLaughlin Funeral Chapel

• Knox Memorial Church

• Royal Alexandra Hospital [1954-1958]

• Mayfair Golf and Country Club [1955]

• Edmonton Journal Building [1957]

• Canada Packers complex [1957]

• Safeway stores [1958]

• Park Plaza Shopping Centre [1959]

• Molson Brewery [1961]

• Alberta College [1964]

• Milner Building

• Charles Camsell Hospital

• McCauley Plaza and AGT Tower

• Weston Bread factory

• Rialto Theatre




6.19 KELVIN CRAWFORD STANLEY [1919-?]

Early Life:

Kelvin Stanley took Senior Matriculation and Normal School in Calgary, obtaining a

Permanent Intermediate Alberta Teaching Certificate.


Stanley received a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the University of

Manitoba.


Stanley worked with Rule Wynn and Rule as a student for four years, and articled for

an additional year. He worked as an assistant architect at Rule Wynn and Rule,

beginning 24 September 1945. He applied for membership in the Alberta Association of

Architects on 2 October 1946 and worked in Edmonton from 1948 to 1964.

Stanley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, 27 May

1961. He was Director of Structures at Expo 67 in Montreal from 1965 to 1967. Stanley

became Chief Architect for the federal Department of Public Works in Ottawa in May

1967.


• Edmonton City Hall

• YMCA Building

• Imperial Oil Marketing Building

• Edmonton Post Office

• Edmonton Exhibition Sports Building

• King Edward Park Church of Christ, 1949




6.20 JEAN LOUISE EMBERLEY WALLBRIDGE [1912-1979]

Early Life:

Jean Wallbridge was born in Edmonton in 1912. She attended private school in

Victoria, British Columbia, later in Switzerland and England. She completed Grade 12 at

Victoria High School, then enrolled at University of Alberta. Wallbridge was presented

to King George V and Queen Mary at their Third Court on 23 June 1932.


Wallbridge was one of only four women to receive the Bachelor of Applied Science in

Architecture from the University of Alberta. She graduated in 1939 and received her

Bachelor of Arts degree in 1940. Wallbridge received a fourth in Class A of the RAIC

Medals. In 1947 Wallbridge and Imrie were given a three-month leave by City Architect

Max Dewar, during which they took a tour of Europe to study post-war reconstruction

and urban planning.

Personal Life and Architectural Career:

With Mary Imrie, she was the first Canadian woman to establish her own

partnership.

She was the third woman to join the Alberta Association of Architects, on 6

February 1941.

Wallbridge first worked with Rule, Wynn and Rule. Peter Rule was a classmate. She

worked with the Town Planning Commission, Saint John, New Brunswick, during the

Second World War and returned to Edmonton to work as a draftsman, Department of

the City Architect and Inspector of Buildings, where she was employed from 1946 to

1949. In 1949 she was reclassified as a “Technical Assistant in Town Planning.”

During 1949-1950 Wallbridge and Imrie toured South America to study the practice of

architecture. In 1950 they established a 29-year partnership as “studio architects”

specializing in apartments, residential plans, seniors residences and housing projects.

In 1957 the firm was awarded the Canadian Housing Design Council Award.

Wallbridge Died 30 September 1979.


• The Queen Mary Apartments 1951-1953

• “Six Acres”, the Wallbridge and Imrie residence and office 1954-1957

• St. James Roman Catholic Church, Edmonton

• The Luxton Museum, Banff




6.21 GORDON KENNETH WYNN [1911-1994]

Early Life:

Gordon Wynn was born in Innisfail, Alberta and brought to Edmonton as an infant. He

attended Scona High School.

Personal Life:

1960 – 1961 President, Edmonton Eskimos club

1964 – 1968 On the Board of the University of Alberta Hospitals.

1978 - Honourary LL.D. from the University of Alberta.

Wynn served as a navigator in the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World

War. He was a Member of the Mayfair Golf and Country Club, the Petroleum Club, and

the Kiwanis Club. He died 16 October 1994.


During the Depression summers of 1931 – 1936, Wynn had to work on building

construction as a carpenter for the Alberta Department of Public Works. He obtained his

Bachelor of Applied Science in Architecture from the University of Alberta in 1936. After

graduation he worked for J.A. Buchanan, civil engineer and contractor, as a

construction foreman, and made a study of structural detail and building construction

“with a view towards the public safety of buildings, and think that the practical training I

have had, more than offsets the required years office experience.” [Gordon Wynn,

application for membership in the AAA, 8 March 1937]


1938 Founding partner of Rule, Wynn and Rule.

1959 Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.


[See Rule, Wynn and Rule commissions, under “John U. Rule”.]




7.0 EDMONTON CITY ARCHITECTS 1930-1963

1930 – 1943 John Martland

1944 – 1948 Maxwell Dewar

1949 – 1963 Robert F. Duke

City of Edmonton Architectural PanelThe municipal government established an architectural panel in 1951 to review

building projects and permit applications. Robert F. Duke, City Architect was the Chair.

Representatives from the Architectural Association of Alberta and the Association of

Professional Engineers were appointed. The first members included K. Stanley (Alberta

Association of Architects), Professor Morrison (Alberta Professional Engineers

Assertion), R.W. Grierson (Edmonton Real Estate Board) and a secretary.

1952 The panel remains the same.

1953 J. A. MacDonald joins the panel.

1954 R. Duke continues to chair. The panel consisted of J.A. MacDonald, Noel

Dant, G. R. Ascher, K. Stanley, W. Carry and P. Buttar.

1938 R.F. Duke, Chair, J.A. MacDonald, R. Ascher, K. Stanley, H.L. Kasten

1956 R.F. Duke, J. Pollock, W.R. Brown, H. Seton, P. Campbell-Hope, H.L. Kasten,

P. Buttar

1939 R.F. Duke, R. Reid, W.R. Brown, H. Seton. P. Campbell-Hope, H.L.

Kasten,P. Buttar

1958 R.F. Duke, Chair, R. Reid, W.R. Brown. H. Seton. D. Bittorf, M.L. Kasten,

P. Stackniuk, L. Gudlangson

1959 R.F. Duke, R. Reid, W.R. Brown, L.C. Klingbell, D. Bittorf, H.L. Kasten,

P.C. Turner, L. Gudlangson

1960 Panel remains the same.

Source:

Financial Statements, City of Edmonton, City of Edmonton Archives, GP 464




8.0 TOWN PLANNING IN EDMONTON (1929-1960)

1929 A Town Planning Commission of nine members was formed in response to the

Town Planning Act of 1929 passed by the Provincial Government. Three

members were from Council and the others appointed. The duties of the

Commission were to advise in matters of civic planning, prepare a town plan

and create zoning by-laws.

1933 Zoning Bylaw 23 was passed. This was intended to be a temporary measure

but remained in force until 1950. The By-law was set in place to lessen

congestion, provide fire safety, appropriate ventilation, facilitate public

services, regulate the erection of buildings, conserve values of property and

encourage appropriate land uses. The By-laws meant that certain uses were

promoted. These included family dwellings, multi-family dwellings local

business, light industrial, general business, heavy industrial and civic uses.

1946 City Architect Maxwell Dewar spearheaded a movement to create a position of

Town Planner. Dewar recognized the need to delegate responsibility to a civic

department to manage development. He was concerned that playgrounds,

parks, community shopping centers and traffic arteries be well planned. He felt

that the rapid growth of the city should be kept in check by an evolving plan.

1949 Noel Dant was appointed in October of 1949 as Town Planner. Also hired were

two experts from McGill, John Bland and Spence Sales. Maxwell Dewar

resigned as City Architect and Building Inspector. He was replaced by Robert

F. Duke.

1950 Dant and his staff prepare an extensive report that suspended the 1933 By-

law and made way for a new one that was meant to be short term. An interim

Development Officer was hired to help carry out the duties of City Planner and

the three agencies responsible for construction, The Technical Planning

Board, the Appeal Board and the Architectural Panel. It was hoped that a

thoroughly developed plan would result but by 1959 no General Plan had

emerged nor were zoning by-laws refined. New Subdivisions and building

projects were carefully approved under the earlier guidelines.




1951 Noel Dant and his team implement the first “Town Planned” neighbourhood in

Parkallen.

1957 The Architectural Panel set requirements for dwellings and places restrictions

on certain districts for residential development.

1958 The Architectural Panel came under fire for rejecting home designs. They

would not accept privately-drawn plans for permits.

1959 A Planning Advisory Commission was struck in October chaired by L.D.

Hyndman. This commission was responsible for the hiring of planners and

consultants. It was to review surveys and coordinate investigations. Again, it

was asked to push for a General Plan and reworked zoning by-laws. This was

criticized elsewhere in the country as it was believed that these responsibilities

should be within the Town Planning Department itself. The Porter Royal

Commission was highly critical of town planning in Edmonton.

1960 Noel Dant left the City of Edmonton employ and became Provincial Planning

Director. In December, nine architects prepared a brief outlining a

redevelopment scheme for Edmonton on behalf of the Town Planning

Commission.

1961 Geoffrey Hamilton was hired to replace Noel Dant.

Sources:

“Zoning in Edmonton”, City Clerk’s Papers, The City of Edmonton, RG11, Class

228, file 65.




9.0 EDMONTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS BUILT (1936-1961)Source: Edmonton Public School Archives and EPS Facilities Department

Edmonton Public School Architect

The position of school architect evolved during this period. Herber Story was Building

Commissioner until 31 August 1936. J.M McAfee was appointed Acting Superintendent

of Buildings on 21 July 1936. McAfee held the position of Superintendent of Plant from

20 December 1938 to 30 June 1946. The Edmonton Public School Board then

appointed W.W. Butchart as Architect and Superintendent of Plant on 1 November

1946, a position he held well into the 1960s.

School Year ArchitectAbbott Elementary 1958 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates12045-34 Street

Allendale EJH 1949 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart6415-106 Street

Argyll 1956 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart8540-69 Avenue

Athlone Elementary 1957 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates12940-129 Street

Avonmore 1956 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart7340-78 Street

Balwin JHS 1960 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart7055-132 Avenue

Beacon Heights 1952 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates4610-121 Avenue

Belgravia 1954 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11605-74 Avenue

Bellevue 1950 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11515-71 Street

Belvedere 1959 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13359-62 Street

Beverly Heights 1953 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates




Bonnie Doon 1958 Blakey Blakey & Ascher7005-89 Avenue

Braemar 1961 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart9359-67a Street

Britannia JHS 1957 Fred H. MacDonald16018-104 Avenue

Capilano 1958 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10720-54 Street

Coronation 1953 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10925-139 Street

Crestwood EJH 1954 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart9735-144 Street

Delton 1946 City Architect12126-89 Street

Donnan EJH 1948 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart7803-87 Street

Dovercourt 1955 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13910-122 Avenue

Eastglen CHS 1952 Rule, Wynn & Rule11430-68 Street

Ellerslie EJH 1959 Gordon & Mangold521-66 Street

Ellerslie Primary 1954 built by another school district6550 Ellerslie Road

Elmwood 1960 John McIntosh16325-83 Avenue

Forest Heights 1948 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10304-81 Street

Fulton Place 1956 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10310-56 Street

Glendale 1952 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates9812-161 Street




Glenora 1940 Rule Wynn & Rule13520-102 Avenue

Gold Bar 1959 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10524-46 Street

Grandview Heights 1960 EPS Architect - W.W. ButchartEJH6225-127 Street

Grovenor 1949 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10345-144 Street

Hardisty JH 1956 K. C. Stanley & Company10534-62 Street

Hazeldean 1950 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart6715-97 Street

High Park 1954 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates11031-154 Street

Holyrood 1954 EPS Architect- W.W. Butchart7920-94 Avenue

Horse Hill EJH 1953 Neil C. McKernan Architect19355 MeridianStreet

Idylwylde 1952 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart8610-81 Street

Inglewood 1949 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11515-127 Street

James Gibbons 1947 Fred H. MacDonald8945-153 Street

Jasper Place HS 1961 John McIntosh8950-163 Street

Kensington 1958 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13410-119 Street

Killarney JHS 1958 McKernan & Bouey13110-91 Street




King Edward 1958 John A. MacDonald8530-101 Street

Lauderdale 1954 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10610-129 Avenue

Laurier Heights EJH 1957 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart8210-142 Street

Lawton JHS 1956 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates11602-40 Street

Lynnwood 1959 John McIntosh15451-84 Avenue

Mayfield 1958 John McIntosh10950-159 Street

McArthur 1958 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13535-134 Street

McKernan EJH 1951 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11330-76 Avenue

McQueen 1955 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart

Meadowlark 1957 John McIntosh9150-160 Street

Mee-Yah-Noh 1960 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart9221-128a Avenue

Mill Creek 1946 City of Edmonton9735-80 Avenue

Montrose 1950 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11931-62 Street

Mount Pleasant 1953 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10541-60a Avenue

Mount Royal 1950 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart11303-55 Street

Newton 1955 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart5523-122 Avenue




Ottewell JHS 1959 McKernan & Bouey9435-73 Street

Parkallen 1951 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart6703-112 Street

Parkview EJH 1955 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart14313-92 Avenue

Prince Charles 1948 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart12325-127 Street

Prince Rupert 1954 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart

Queen Elizabeth 1958 Blakey Blakey & Ascher9425-132 Avenue

Queen Mary Park 1953 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart10935-113 Street

R. J. Scott 1958 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates11610-38 Street

Rio Terrace 1961 John McIntosh7608-154 Street

Ross Sheppard 1956 Rensaa & Minsos13546-111 Avenue

Rosslyn 1959 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13215-113a Street

Scott Robertson 1960 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13515-107 Street

Sherbrooke 1954 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart12445-131 Street

Strathcona 1953 Rule, Wynn & Rule10450-72 Avenue

Strathearn EJH 1951 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart8728-93 Avenue

Strathearn 1956 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart

Terrace Heights 1959 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart6859-100 Avenue




Victoria 1948 City of Edmonton

Virginia Park 1947 City of Edmonton7324-109 Avenue

Wellington 1956 McKernan & Bouey13160-127 Street

Westglen 1940 Rule Wynn & Rule10950-127 Street

Westminster 1950 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13712-104 Avenue

Windsor Park 1953 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart8720-118 Street

Winterburn 1957 Patrick Campbell-Hope & Associates9527-215 Street

Woodcroft 1955 EPS Architect - W.W. Butchart13750 WoodcroftAvenue

Youngstown 1959 John McIntosh10330-163 Street




10.0 SELECTED POST-WAR BUILDING CHRONOLOGY (1936-1960)MAJOR ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE POST-WAR PERIODSources: Diana Bodnar [Kordan], Alberta Culture, Feb.1979 “Definitions Of Architectural Styles”;

Leslie Maitland, Jacqueline Hucker and Shannon Ricketts, “A Guide to Canadian Architectural

Styles”, Broadview Press, 1992

International Style (IS)

This style was influenced by early European modernism. Starting with the stark

elemental designs of Adolf Loos in Austria at the turn of the century, followed by the

experimental designs of Germany’s Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus School of

Design in Dessau, and culminating in the American works of Mies van der Rohe and

his followers, the international style was typified by the following:

• a complete absence of ornament

• asymmetrical balance of parts; strong verticals, windows and tower elements, in

combination with strong horizontal elements such as and ribbon windows and thinly

proportioned canopies.

• flat roofs, smooth and uniform wall and window surfaces

• windows that turn the corner of a building

• exterior stucco, often white, with minimum texture

• flexible and open plans

• a version of this style used luxurious exterior materials in combination, such as

limestone, granite and marble often on the same building

The Modern Movement, a term coined in the 1930’s in association with an important

show of Modern Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, encompasses

what we now consider the various categories and phases of the International Style.

There were a variety of influences and many practitioners around the world.

Sometimes buildings in the International Style are further classified by their specific

historical influence such as the Bauhaus (Walter Gropius), Le Corbusier, Mies van der

Rohe etc.

Moderne Style (MS) Art Deco Style (AD)

The Moderne Style derives its elements from a combination of the more ornate Art

Deco Style and the more stark International Style. The Moderne Style was a more

sensual and exaggerated version of internationalism, but was not as extreme in its

expressionism as the Art Deco Style:




• exaggerated balance of horizontal and vertical elements

• usually incorporates sensual curves in plan and elevation

• maintains the materials of the International Style, but may incorporate more colour

• more ornamental than the International Style, incorporating Art Deco motifs and

designs

• the ornament is usually stylized with low relief

• the Art Deco style would typically use more extravagant materials than Moderne

Prairie Style (PS) Rustic Style (RS)

The Prairie Style is generally attributed to the early work (1900’s) of Frank Lloyd

Wright. It is the first truly American style, although its roots are the same as the

International Style. After publications in Europe around 1910, it was extremely

influential on European architects in Germany and Holland especially. It was perhaps

more influential on post-war residential styles in North America than any other style.

The Rustic Style, derived from the English Arts and Crafts Movement, was a major

influence on the early work of Frank Lloyd Wright:

• very strong horizontal lines and elements

• broad, low roofs with large overhangs

• a concern for ‘organic’ nature-based design motifs, and a strong connection with the

landscape – a connection with the English Arts and Crafts Movement.

• informal, flowing floor plans

• “ground-hugging” characteristics

Spanish Revival Style (SP)

This style originated in the southern United States around the time of the First World

War. It was generally out of favour by the late 1940’s:

• tiled roofs (clay or metal to replicate clay tile)

• low-pitch or flat roofs

• arches

• low-relief, plastered walls

• balconies

Modern Classicism (MC)

This style remained popular in Alberta into the 1950’s. The major influence is

classicism from the 19th century, in combination with modern influences such the Art

Deco Style. The decoration was usually muted and stylized, and the overall

compositions were balanced and symmetrical. Unlike the pure International Style,




substantial and luxurious building materials were often used to enhance the

grandness of the building, albeit in a rather plain manner.

Modern Gothic (MG)

Although the style is originally associated with romantic English collegiate architect

from the 19th Century, it remained somewhat popular in Edmonton even after the

Second World War for churches and some university buildings. It is typified by the use

of brick or stone exterior cladding with very strong vertical elements and spires.

Modern Expressionism (ME)

Many modern buildings are not easily classified by style. The influences may be from

several sources, such as the Prairie Style in combination with the International Style.

Usually there is something unusual about the composition or massing, or the building

materials, which classifies the building as being ‘expressive’. These buildings were

beginning to appear in the 1950’s and the style describes a great number of buildings

constructed in the 1960’s and 70’s when adherence to a particular style was not as

popular.

West Coast Style (WCS)

This was a very important design influence in Edmonton after the Second World War. It

is known for its low sloping roofs, post and beam construction, extended overhangs,

natural materials and large expanses of glass. These buildings were constructed in

close proximity to the ground level and there was a deliberate attempt to incorporate

‘nature’ into the design through patios, landscaping and an ambiguous

indoor/outdoor relationship.

Modern High-Rise Style (MHR)

Around 1960, Edmonton saw its first apartment high-rises. These towers display

common characteristics of Edmonton’s residential “Modern High-rise Style” including

expressive poured-in-place concrete structural systems (slabs and columns

expressed on the outside), expressionistic infill wall panel systems from various

materials such as different colours and texture of bricks, with canopies, roof-top

treatment and other devises directly influenced by the International Style. Sometimes

there was artwork commissioned for the exterior of the building.




BUILDING ARCHITECT STYLE

1936 House of Tomorrow E. Litchfield, Builder MS

1938 Foster McGarvey Funeral Home Rule, Wynn, Rule SR

1938 Municipal Housing Scheme John Martland

1938 Roxy Theatre William Blakey MS

1938 Rossdale Pumping Station

1939 HBCo. Store Moody & Moore MS

1939 Eaton's Store Northwood, local-Wm.Blakey

MS

1939 St. John's Separate School William Blakey MS

1940 Westglen Elementary Rule Wynn Rule RS

1940 Glenora Elementary School Peter Rule

1940 Varscona Theatre(demolished) Rule, Wynn, Rule MS

1940 Korner Café MS

1940 Garneau Theatre William Blakey MS, IS

1941 Woolworth's Store MacDonald and Magoon

1942 Wartime Housing Irvine Estates Rule, Wynn, Rule

1943 U.S. Army Admin, Bldg St. Albert Tr/114St.

Gordon Turnbull

1945 Administration Bldg. Municipal Airport John Martland

1946 Canadian Packer's Meat Plant E.R. Arthur IS

1946 Northwest Feed Bldg 10171 Sask. Dr. M. Imrie

1946 Murphy House 6116 Ada Blvd. P. Campbell-Hope

1946 Frank Lee Res. 12819 Stony Plain Rd MacDonald and MacDonald

1946 Aberdeen Apartments 10850 84 Ave. T.G. Aberdeen

1946 Ukrainian National Ed, 10629 98 St. P. Campbell-Hope

1946 Hyndman House 10123 136 St. George H. MacDonald

1946 Blakey Residence 13526 101 Ave. William Blakey IS




1947 Oliver School Addition IS

1947 Healy Ford 10616 103 Ave William Blakey IS

1947 Greyhound Bus Terminal Rule, Wynn, Rule MS

1947 Burrows Motors 10620 Jasper Ave. Rule, Wynn, Rule

1947 Gov't of Alta 10255 104 St

1947 St. Anthony's Church William Blakey ME

1948 First Christian Reform Church Gordon Annett

1948 Jasper Place Community Hall Maxwell Dewar

1948 Low Level Bridge

1947-1949

Telephone Exchange Rule, Wynn, Rule

1948 Boston Pizza 10620 Jasper Rule, Wynn, Rule IS

1949 Student's Union Bldg. U of A Rule, Wynn, Rule

1949 Church of the Nazarene 97St/110Ave. Gordon Arnett

1949 Greyhound Bus Terminal. demolished Rule, Wynn, Rule MS

1949 St. Margaret's School Blakey, Blakey & Ascher

1949 Inglewood and Bellevue Elem.Schools

W.W. Butchart

1949 King Edward Park Church K.C. Stanley

1949 Victoria Composite High School Dewar, Stevenson & Stanley IS, ME

1949 Aberhart Provincial TB Sanatorium George H. MacDonald IS

W.L. Somerville, Consulting

Architect

1949 Strathearn Heights Residences Alice Ross WCS

1949 Mills Motors Alice Ross

1950 Northgate Bldg. 10051 Jasper Ave. Martland & Aberdeen

1950 U of A Sciences Bldg. Dewar, Cawston, Stevenson

1950 Goodyear Tire And Rubber10355/105 St.

IS

1950 Noble Block 8500 109 St. George H. MacDonald IS

1950 Ellis Bldg. 10123 112 St. IS




1950 Glenora Patio Homes 13345 109BAve.

1950 City of Edmonton Communications Blakey, Blakey & Ascher

1950 Weston’s Bakery 11620 120 Street Rule, Wynn, Rule

1950 Waterworks Pumping Station Neil McKernan

1951 Land Titles Building P. Campbell-Hope IS, MS

1951 McKernan Elementary School Gordon Campbell IS

1951 Mormon Church 10661 82 Ave. Rule, Wynn, Rule ME

1951 Hotel MacDonald Expansion IS

1951 Rossdale Power Plant Maxwell Dewar MC

1951 Rutherford Library Rule, Wynn, Rule MC

1951 Strathearn Heights Apartments Kalman

1951-53

Legislature Annex/AGT Bldg. 9718107 St.

Rule, Wynn, Rule IS

1951 Lutheran Church 11129 76 Ave. Rensaa and Minsos

1951 Architect's Office 9130 Jasper Ave. Rensaa and Minsos

1951 St. James RC Church 7705 85 St Wallbridge and Imrie

1951 Queen Mary Apartments Wallbridge and Imrie WCS

1951 Garneau Tower 109 St/86 Ave (NobleBldg)

Blakey, Blakey & Ascher IS

1951 Parkallen School W.W. Butchart MS

1952 Grandstand Edmonton Exhibition Dewar, Stevenson, Stanley

1952 CNR Administration Yard CNR

1952 Noble Building 8540 109 St. George H. MacDonald ????

1952 MacCosham Storage 107St./102 Ave Blakey, Blakey & Ascher

1952 McKernan Church 11103 76 Ave. Dewar, Stevenson, Stanley

1952 University Place Apartments Dewar, Stevenson, Stanley

1952 Paramount Theatre Stanley and Stanley IS

1952 Grinnell and Company Building Main, Rensaa, Minsos IS

1953 Alberta Teacher's Assoc. Bldg Stanley and Stanley IS

1953 General Hospital 111 Street George H. MacDonald MC, AD

1953 Cloverdale Incinerator Garth Fleet




1953 Red Cross Building 9931 106 St. IS

1953 AGT Building 10503-100 St. Rule, Wynn, Rule

1953 Royal Trust Building Dewar, Stevenson, Stanley

1953 Hazeldean Elementary School Blakey, Blakey & Ascher

1953 Russell Residence Wallbridge & Imrie

1953 Ste. Anne Chapel, Jasper Place Diamond, Dupuis andDesautels

1953 Beth Israel Synagogue P. Campbell-Hope IS, PS

1953 Coronation School W.W. Butchart

1954 Royal Alexandra Mat. Hospital George H. MacDonald

1954 Safeway Store

1954 No.4 Fire Station (10527 - 142 St) R.F. Duke

1954 St. Agnes Church William Blakey ME, PS

1954 Beverly Hotel Olesky & McIntosh IS

1954 Six Acres Architects Residence Imrie and Wallbridge

1954 John Deer Plow Co. Building

1954 J.I. Case Building

1954 North Western Utilities Shop Rule, Wynn, Rule

1955 St. Andrew's Parish Church William Blakey

1955 Alberta Research Council

1955 All Saints Anglican Cathedral William and Richard Blakey MG

1955 Roman Catholic Seminary St. Alberta Trail Blais and English

1955 Empire Brass 11244-120 Street

1955 Brandon Bldg. 156 St./Stony Plain Rd Rule, Wynn, Rule

1955 Bank of Montreal 99 St. Rule, Wynn, Rule

Bruce H. Wright

1955 Mayfair Golf & Country Club Rule, Wynn, Rule WCS

1955 Jubilee Auditorium IS

1955 Beth Shalom Synagogue Robert Bouey IS

1956 Medical Arts Bldg. Jasper/110St. Peter Caspari IS

1956 Allard Bldg. 111 St./Jasper Ave. Jock Bell




1956 Edmonton Telephone Exchange

1956 Baker Clinic 10004 105 St. IS

1956 Federal Building George H. MacDonald MC

1956 First Baptist Church MG, IS

1956 Wellington Junior High School McKernan and Bouey

1956 Inland Cement Company Plant K.C. Stanley

Dursford, Bolton, Chadwick&Ellwood

1956 Western Plywood Ltd. Rensaa & Minsos

1956 Avonmore United Church K.C. Stanley

1956 Hollyrood School W.W. Butchart

1956 Waterworks Treatment Plant

1956 Garneau Curling Club Aberdeen & Groves

1956 International Harvester 120St/109AAve C. Stanley

1956 Ross Sheppard High School Renssa & Minsos

1957 Edmonton Exhibition Grandstand Rule, Wynn, Rule

1957 U of A Administration Bldg. IS

1957 Ford Motor Co. 12740 - 111 Ave.

1957 Southside Office Tower 104St./WhyteAve.

Blakey, Blakey, Ascher

1957 Bentall Building 10180 102 St. C.T. Larrington IS

1957 College St. John U of A MG

1957 Ross Sheppard Composite HighSchool

Fred Minsos

1957 Apartments 98/110Street John A. MacDonald

1957 Apartments 100 Ave/110Street Nicholas Stroich

1957 Bonnie Doon Composite High Blakey, Blakey & Ascher

1957 Miller Motors 11250 Jasper Ave. Jock Bell

1957 Simpson Sears Kingsway

1957 Christ Lutheran Church Jock Bell

1957 City Hall ( demolished) K.C. Stanley

1957 Northwest Trust Bldg. 10166-100 St. Jock Bell IS

1957 Allied Chemical Bldg. 14505 114 Ave. Jock Bell




1957 Gov't Bldg. (AVC) George H. MacDonald

1957 Idlwylde Telephone Exchange Rule, Wynn, Rule

W.W.Butchart

1957 Millcreek Pool Rule, Wynn, Rule IS

1957 Royal Alexander Hospital - WestWing

Rule, Wynn, Rule IS

1958 Credit Foncier Bldg. 10263 JasperAve.

Rule, Wynn, Rule

1958 Westinghouse 10312 105 St.

1958 Mutual Life Block Jasper/118 St. Gordon Wynn

1958 Simpson Sears Bonnie Doon Rule, Wynn, Rule IS

1958 Belmount House

1958 Devonian Building Jasper/111St. Bell McCullough IS

1958 Pilkington Glass

1958 Beattie Brothers Block

1958 Edmonton Regional Airport Renssa, Minsos IS

1958 Healy Ford 106 St/Jasper K.C. Stanley IS

1958 Imperial Oil 10018 105 St. K.C. Stanley IS

1958 The Riviera 9716 111 St. Richards and Berretti IS

1958 St. Peter's Lutheran Church John A. MacDonald

1958 Alta. Nurse's Assoc. 10256 112 St. Nicholas Flak

1958 St. Agnes School 9807-93 Street Ronald Clarke

1958 General Hospital 112 Street George H. MacDonald

1958 Continental Rubber 9762 62 Avenue K.C. Stanley

1959 Ed. Cemetery Co. Office 107St/109Ave.

Jock Bell

1959 Expert Cleaners IS

1959 Milner Building Rule, Wynn, Rule

1959 St. Angela School

1959 Valleyview IGA

1959 Royal Park Apartments Richards and Berretti

1959 Queen Elizabeth Planetarium R.F. Duke and Walter Telfer ME

1959 Royal Alex Addition Rule, Wynn, Rule IS




1959 Belvedere School W.W.Butchart

1960 Royal Glenora Club Rule, Wynn, Rule WCS

1960 U of A Education Bldg. Burns Dutton

1960 U of A Engineering Bldg.

1960 Imperial Bank 9990 Jasper Ave.

1960 Royal Bank 10023 Jasper Ave.

1960 Baker Clinic 10004 105 St. Addition IS

1960 Pepsi Cola

1960 U of A Nurses Residence

1960 Imperial Bank 9990 108 Street MC

1960 Unitarian Bldg. 126 St/110 Ave. Annett & Bittorf

1960 U of A Physical Education Building

1960 Firehall#1 98 Street/101 Avenue R.F. Duke

1960 Mausoleum Edmonton Cemetery Neil McKernan MC

1961 U of A Sciences Bldg.

1961 TD Bank Dominion Construction

1961 Grandin Towers 100 Ave./111 St. J.H. MacDonald

1961 MarbleEx Plant

1961 Fiberglass of Canada Plant

1961 Gov't Greenhouses 9630 106 St.

1962 Jasper House John A. MacDonald IS

1962 Bristol Towers 10020 121 St. John A. MacDonald IS

1962 Latter-Day Saints Stake Centre Fred H. MacDonald

1962 Caravan Hotel 104 St./100 Ave W.G. Milne IS

1964 U of A Lister Hall IS

1965 General Hospital Residence Bell McCullough

1950/1955

Edmonton Motors, Jasper Ave./115St F.H. MacDonald




1957-1958

Burger Barons Aberdeen & Groves

1959-1964

Edmonton International Airport Renssa & Minsos IS

1960-61

NAIT Gordon Aberdeen IS




11.0 A TIMELINE OF INFLUENCES, BUILDINGS AND EVENTS(1936-1960)

1930S CECIL BURGESS’ U OF A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE PRODUCES

GRADUATES WHO WILL LEAD THE WAY IN POST-WAR DESIGN.

1936 - 1939

INFLUENCES

• Established architectural practices are entering the modern era – G.H.

MacDonald, Blakey and Blakey

• Prominent students and graduates of the School include:

John Rule, Peter Rule Jr. and Gordon Wynn who joined in partnership in 1938.

They were joined later by U of A graduate George Lord (Rule Wynn Forbes

Lord).

Jean Wallbridge and Mary Imrie

Doris Tanner

• Architects were being trained at the University of Manitoba, McGill University and

the University of Toronto who would eventually practice in Edmonton – Robert

and H. Bouey, James Brock Bell, Kelvin Stanley.

• Popularization of the Modern Style – translation of international styles into

popular local vernacular, commonly known as the Moderne Style

• National Housing Act – depression housing projects are constructed

• In 1938, the economy is opening up after the depression.

SOME IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND EVENTS FROM THE PERIOD

1936 “House of the Future” is constructed. Public is exposed to the new style of

modernism.

1936 The Jasper Avenue Gem Theatre gets a Moderne style facelift. This is one of the

earliest examples of the Moderne Style in Edmonton

1938 The new Roxy Theatre on 124 Street is opened in the Moderne style and is

designed by William Blakey.

1938 Manitoba architects Northwood and Chivers, with Blakey and Blakey, design the

T. Eaton Department Store in downtown Edmonton in the Moderne Style, with

strong influences from the International Style as typified by the strong

horizontals of the strip windows and the continuous canopy. Moody and Moore,




also from Winnipeg, design the new Hudson’s Bay Company Store on Jasper

Avenue which was influenced more by the Art Deco Style.

1939 Rule Wynn and Rule design the Varscona Theatre at 109 Street and Whyte

Avenue. It was clearly one of the most dramatic Moderne buildings in the City.

1939 Blakey and Blakey design the Garneau Theatre, a rival to the Varscona Theatre,

which opens in 1940.

1939 Blakey and Blakey design the St. John’s Separate School (now Edmonton

Academy) at 10231 120 Street. The design of this school anticipates the

Moderne Style schools built by the EPSB after the Second World War.

1939 Bob Brownridge opened his smart new “Drive Inn” at 10022 109 Street just in

time for the royal visit. It was “built along modernistic lines.” The interior was

“finished in two tones of brown, while the outside is a tan or cream shade. A

colourful neon sign will be placed over the doorway…” As the advertisements

noted: “ For the first time in the history of the city, Edmonton citizens will be able

to enjoy tasty lunches and meals or cooling drinks and refreshments in the

comfort of their own cars.”

1939 Rule Wynn Rule design the new modern maternity wing of the Misericordia

Hospital, opened on June 19.

1939 Rule Wynn and Rule are selected by the Edmonton Public School Board

Property Committee on July 19 to design the new school planned for the

Glenora district.

1939 Henry Pinsky opened the new Black and White Store on Jasper Avenue at 112

Street. A “modern, streamlined” store, white with black triming, it was a distinctive

addition to Edmonton’s main thoroughfare.

1939 Turnbull Brothers opened their new Imperial Oil service station at 102 Street and

102 Avenue, on the site of the first Imperial Oil station built in Edmonton, in 1917.

It was white stucco trimmed with “red ribbon”. Featured prominent neon lights,

and had a “striking tower at the corner of the building”.

1939 The new Danish Lutheran Church at 10837 96 Street was designed by architect

Holn Moller of Copenhagen. Construction was supervised by W.G. Blakey, as “

associate architect”

1939 Alta Magoon, H.A. Magoon’s daughter, was a survivor of the U-boat attack on the

Athenia.

1939 G.H. MacDonald and H.A. Magoon were architects for the “modernized” Zeller’s

Store on the ground floor of the Tegler Building on November 16.




1939 Edmonton City Bakery, which started in Edmonton in 1923, opened at 102 Street

just south of 107 Avenue. This little Art Deco style commercial building was the

work of J.N. Cote, “designer and builder”.

1940S STRONG ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES TRANSITIONING

INTO THE MODERN ERA

_________________________________________________________________

1940 -1945 INFLUENCES

• Cecil Burgess retires from the U of A at the age of 70 and starts a private

practice. His architecture studies program terminates with his retirement in 1940.

• Edmonton’s architects begin to leave for the war in Europe.

• The Americans arrive in 1942 and there is a wartime building boom, especially

around the Municipal Airport (Blatchford Field) – airport and industrial buildings

as well as housing for the troops

• Max Dewer joins the City Architect’s Office, replacing John Martland.

• The spirit of reconstruction - planning begins.

• Noel Dant, city planner, is hired.

SOME IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND EVENTS FROM THE PERIOD

1939 Rule Wynn Rule design the new two-storey addition and façade upgrading C.

Woodward store.

1940 Westglen High School opened with Premier Aberhart, the Minister of Education

presiding. Rule Wynn Rule were the architects and G.H. MacDonald was the

general contractor.

1940 Charles C. Batson, prominent pioneer city builder, dies on March 3. The

Edmonton Bulletin reflected that: “He built 75 per cent of the schools here and

was responsible for many more of the public buildings”.

1940 Building Permit for the Garneau Theatre was issued to Suburban Theatres Ltd.

Principals in the company were Frank Doncaster and W.G. Blakey was the

architect.

1940 Credit Arcade opened at 10032 Jasper Avenue. This shop was the remodeled

Harmony Apartments. MacDonald and Magoon were the architects and J.R.

Macintyre the contractor.

1940 Rule Wynn Rule design renovations to the HUB Hotel.

1940 Fred H. MacDonald and Lloyd G. MacDonald announce they are opening an

architectural office at #211 CPR Building on April 20




1940 Rule Wynn Rule design a two storey addition to the 1926 Woodwards Building

1940 The 100 bed wing at the General Hospital , designed by G.H. MacDonald and

H.A. Magoon, was opened on June 12. G.H. MacDonald and Company was the

contractor.

1941 The Varscona Theatre was opened on 6 July by Mayor Fry. This Rule Wynn

Rule design set a new standard of Modernism in Edmonton.

1941 New Woodward Store opens in downtown Edmonton on 28 march – “a new

ultra-modern merchandising plant…with the most modern 44-seat lunch counter

in western Canada.”

1941 H.A. Magoon dies on 1 April after heart attack at 78 years of age.

1941 Edmonton Bulletin publishes the first of 16 articles by Cecil Burgess on “The

New Town Planning” on 10 May. This outlines his philosophy of town planning

and its importance for the post war years.

1941 MacDonald and Magoon are reported to be preparing plans for the new 6-room

brick school and gym addition to the Garneau School “to house students

formerly accommodated at the Normal School”. The Normal School had been

taken over by the BCATP and so DND paid for the new school.

1941 Building permits were issued to Kenn’s Service Garage for ten houses along

Saskatchewan Drive. Plans for these residences located between 100 St and

101 St were drawn by Rule Wynn Rule with A. Carlson as contractor.

Construction began immediately.

1941 The Granville Apartments 9938 108 Street were opened. Design seems to have

been by W.J. Trott, the owner. The Granville boasted it was “modern in every

detail”, and proved it with photographs in the local newspapers.

1942 Airport Hangars are constructed at Blatchford Field (Municipal Airport).

1943 Redwood Building built by the US Army and Bechtel, Price and Callahan, who

used it for their offices. A large wing was added in 1943, located on Jasper

Avenue in the community of Oliver. It housed Northwest Service Command

United States Army until the end of the war. In 1945, the Canadian Government

purchased the Redwood Building to house the administrative centre for the

rehabilitative section of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs. In May 1958 these

offices moved to the new Federal Building. On the night of 3 September 1958,

the building burned, probably due to arson.




1946-1949 INFLUENCES

• Architects return from the war to resume their practices.

• There is a shortage of building materials.

• The regional, bedroom communities are growing, prior to amalgamation.

• The school building boom begins which gives some architects their start.

• The City Architect’s office is very strong.

• February 1947, oil is discovered at Leduc and an economic boom begins,

serving the industry

• There is a boom in hospital construction.

• Government House is used to accommodate veterans.

• The Edmonton post-war housing crisis begins. Neighbourhoods begin to fill in.

There are many multi-family housing starts. The Crown Corporation, Wartime

Housing Inc, builds across the country.

• 1947 there is an exhibition of Dutch architecture from between the wars,

organized by Cecil Burgess, which influences Edmonton architects.

• Infrastructure development and expansion…power, water, telephones

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND EVENTS FROM THE PERIOD

1946 W.W.Butchard replaces J.M. McAffee to become Edmonton Public Schools

Architect and Superintendent of Plant.

1947 Rule Wynn and Rule design Burrows Motors automobile showroom (later

Healy Ford circa 1955 and now Boston Pizza)) constructed at 10620 Jasper in

the International, Bauhaus Style.

1947 Wm.G. Blakey designs the Massey-Harris Ferguson farm implements showroom

(now Healy Ford Dealership) constructed at 10616 103 Avenue in the

International Style. This was one of the most stylish modern buildings of it time.

1948 Rule Wynn Rule design Edmonton’s Greyhound Bus Station, now demolished,

in the Moderne Style.

1948 Imperial Oil Refinery is constructed – refinery row starts

1949 G.H. MacDonald designs the Aberhart TB hospital, south of the University. It

opens in 1952. The design, executed in yellow brick, is a toned-down version

of the International Style.

1949 Rule Wynn Rule design additions to the Royal Alexandra and the Misericordia

Hospital is expanded. Similar to the Aberhart Hospital, the Royal Alexandra

Hospital design shows International Style Influences.




1950’s and 60’s THE BUILDING BOOM IS IN FULL SWING AND MANY YOUNG

ARCHITECTS OPEN NEW OFFICES

_________________________________________________________________

INFLUENCES

• There is a…”confusion, even competition, of styles… characteristic of

Canadian architecture as a whole during the period just after WW2”. (Trevor

Boddy, Modern Architecture in Alberta, page 79.)

• The profession is being supplemented by (especially) European architects.

Alberta Public Works hires from Great Britain.

• 1955 is Alberta’s Golden Jubilee.

• Civic pride is growing. The Edmonton Eskimos win three Grey Cups in a

row.

• Uranium City in northern Saskatchewan is being constructed out of

Edmonton.

• Edmonton’s shopping mall phenomenon begins. Westmount is the first,

constructed in 1953.

• High rise apartment towers start to be constructed near the end of the

decade.

• Architectural practices which focus on schools are common. Patrick Campbell-

Hope is the reputed leader of the school architects.

• New residential neighbourhoods are planned and constructed. Nine

communities are between 1950 and 1960. The suburban lifestyle is

established.

• Richard Neutra, a world famous International Style architect from Los Angeles,

speaks to the Province’s architects at the Banff Session in 1957. Edmonton

architects are very involved

• Cecil Burgess is considered a “mentor” to the young architects in the city.

• There is a huge expansion of the U of A campus.

• There is an expansion and modernization of the movie theatres.

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND EVENTS FROM THE PERIOD

1952 The Paramount Theater at 10233 Jasper Avenue is constructed, designed in

the International Style by Stanley and Stanley. Ernest Manning broadcasts from

here each Sunday. This is one of most sophisticated International Style modern

buildings constructed in the City at the time. It displays many of the stylistic

devises used at the time: expensive materials – limestone, marble and granite,




asymmetrical composition, strong vertical sign element contrasted with the

horizontal, angled canopy, expressionistic ground floor exposed columns and

‘zigzag’ entrance planning.

1953 P. Campbell-Hope designs the Beth Israel Synagogue at 10205 119 Street.

This building owes it influences to the International Style with Prairie Style

overtones.

1953 G.H. MacDonald designs the new General Hospital at 111 Street and Jasper

Avenue. This building incorporates Art Deco Style friezes along the top of the

facades.

1953 Westmount Shopping Centre is constructed.

1953 Rule Wynn and Rule design the controversial “Green Building” headquarters

for Alberta Government Telephones, now called the Legislative Annex,

adjacent to the Alberta Legislature, on 107th Street. It was Edmonton’s first

‘glass box’, curtain wall construction. It incorporated Edmonton’s first

underground parking garage.

1954 The Red Cross Building is constructed at 9931 106 Street in the International

Style. The building follows the International Style pattern of expressed ground

floor structure and horizontally expressed strip windows.

1954 The Ellis Office Building is constructed at 10123 112 Street. This may be one of

the best Edmonton examples of Bauhaus inspired design with its industrial

windows wrapping around the wall corners and asymmetrical composition of

the entrance. Yellow brick was also commonly used in this period.

1955 The Beth Shalom Synagogue is constructed at 11916 Jasper Avenue. The

influences were International Style with Modern Classical overtones

1955 G.H. MacDonald’s 1930’s design for the new the Federal Building is

constructed. The main floor lobby is likely the last Art Deco interior constructed

in Alberta.

1955 Alberta Public Works designs the Alberta Jubilee Auditoriums. Edmonton’s is

constructedat the University of Alberta. This building, of international quality,

was directly influenced by International Style modernism of the time

1956 The Baker Clinic constructs a new building at the corner of 105 Street and 100

Avenue in the International Style, with influences from the Bauhaus and Prairie

Styles. Later a tower with an early curtain wall cladding and expressionistic

sun shading devices are added above the original building.

1958 Rule Wynn Rule designs the Milner Building. One of Edmonton’s early ‘high-

rise’ towers, the Milner Building is constructed at 10030 104 Street in a version

of the International Style. It includes a stylish podium with vertical sun shade




louvres and exposed ground floor black marble columns. Other buildings

incorporating similar features in Edmonton are the former City Hall (Stanley and

Stanley) and the International Airport.

1959 Robert Duke, City Architect, and Walter Telfer design the Edmonton

Planetarium, the first in Canada, which is constructed in Coronation Park. It

opens in 1960. This “futuristic” and expressionistic modern building is unique

in Edmonton, and perhaps, Canada. Although clearly influenced by the

International Style, it begins to anticipate the Modern Expressionistic Style that

rose to prominence in the 1960’s.

1960 John A. MacDonald designs the residential high-rises Bristol Towers and

Jasper House at 121 Street and Jasper Avenue. These towers display common

characteristics of Edmonton’s residential “high-rise style” including prominent

exterior art works, expressed poured-in-place concrete structural systems,

expressionistic infill wall panel systems from various materials and canopies

and other devises directly influenced by the International Style.

1961 The Toronto Dominion Bank constructs a branch and office tower at 100 Street

and Jasper Avenue, an example of a sophisticated advancement in the use of

glass curtain-wall and high-end materials. The design incorporates design

features commonly found in 1960s building such as the full-height metal screen

on the Jasper Avenue façade.




13.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH SOURCES

1. ARCHIVAL SOURCES

Alberta Community Development, Historic Sites Service

Kordan, Diana Definitions of Architectural Styles 1979

Inventory Site Forms

City of Edmonton Archives

Peter A. Arends Collection [EA A93-42]

Biographical Files

Building Permits

Henderson’s Edmonton Directories 1936-1960

Campbell-Hope Materials

City Planners Records, Financial Statements

Photographic Collection

Plan Checkers Files c. 1945-1959

Architectural Firm Histories

City of Edmonton Planning and Development Department Heritage Office

Edmonton Historic Resource Inventory

Glenbow-Alberta Institute Archives and Library Photographic collection

McDermid Collection

Biographical clipping files

Provincial Archives of Alberta

R. Bouey Collection

Wallbridge and Imrie materials

Ronald Clarke Collection

Photographic collection – NS- 1950’s and 1960’s Buildings

University of Alberta Archives

Cecil Burgess Papers

Faculty and departmental papers [School of Architecture]

Convocation Books




University of Calgary, Canadian Architectural Archives

Alberta Association of Architects Registry

Alberta Association of Architects Records

Alberta Department of Housing and Public Works Records

Cohos Evamy & Partners Papers

Rule Wynn and Rule Edmonton Papers/Inventories

K.C. Stanley Papers

T.E.A. Stanley Papers

Ron Thom Papers

H.M. Whiddington Papers

Edmonton Public School Archives

School Records

EPS Facilities Branch - Blueprints

2. CONTACTS AND INTERVIEWS

James “Jock” Bell, Edmonton

Robert Bouey, Victoria

Bryan Campbell-Hope, Edmonton

Douglas Campbell, Edmonton

3. PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS

Journal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada - Alberta Pages, Biographical

Summaries

The Canadian Architect

Edmonton Journal, Architecture and home building features, 1936-1960

Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada (SSAC) Journal

4. PUBLISHED SOURCES AND THESES

Bettison, David, Urban Policy in Canada. [Edmonton, University of Alberta

Press, 1975].

Boddy, Trevor, Modern Architecture in Alberta. [Regina: Alberta Culture and

Multiculturalism, and the Canadian Plains Research Centre, 1987].

Bronson, Susan D., and Jester, Thomas C., eds. Mending the Modern. Special

Issue - APT Bulletin. 23:4 [1997].




Cameron, Christina, Index of Houses Featured in Canadian Homes and Gardens

from 1925 to 1944. [Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1980].

Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 50 Years of Innovation. [Ottawa: CMHC,

1993].

Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Housing in Canada: 1946-1970.

[Ottawa: CMHC, 1971].

Cashman, Tony, and Croll, Norman H., 50 Years in Architecture A History published by

Schmidt Feldberg Croll Henderson to mark the 50th Anniversary of the Firm founded in

1938 as Rule Wynn and Rule. [Edmonton: Schmidt Feldberg Croll Henderson, 1988].

Chan, Wah May, “The Impact of the Technical Planning Board on the Morphology of

Edmonton,” University of Alberta, MA Thesis, 1969.

Clayton, Maurice, Canadian Housing in Wood. [Ottawa: Canadian Mortgage and

Housing Corporation, 1990].

Collins, Peter, Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture. [Toronto: McGill-Queen’s

University Press, 1997].

Curtis, William J.R., Modern Architecture Since 1900, Third Edition, [London:

Phaedon, 1996].

Denhez, Marc, The Canadian Home From Cave to Electronic Cocoon.

[Toronto

and Oxford: Dundurn Press, 1994].

DOCOMOMO International [International Working Party for the Documentation and

Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern Movement],

Conference Proceedings, 1992

DOCOMOMO International, Exposed Concreter [Eindhoven: The Netherlands,

in press]. DOCOMOMO Journal.

Doherty, E.A. Residential Construction Practices in Alberta 1900-1971.

[Edmonton: Alberta Department of Housing, 1984].

Dominey, Erma, “Wallbridge and Imrie The Architectural Practice of Two Edmonton

Wommen, 1950-1979,” SSAC Bulletin [Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada]

17:1.

Down, David & Graham Livsey, “Modern Love”, Avenue, May 1997, p.27-31.

Dunster, David, Key Buildings of the Twentieth Century, Vol. 2: Houses, 1945-1989.

[Books on Demand, 1990].

Ford, Edward R., The Details of Modern Architecture, Vol. 2: 1928 to 1988. [MIT Press,

1996].




Frampton, Kenneth, Modern Architecture. [Douglas & McIntyre, 1992].

Gans, Deborah, The Le Corbusier Guide, Revised Edition. [Princeton Architectural

Press, 1998].

Gebhard, David, “Moderne Architecture,” Journal for the Society of Architectural

Historians, 31 [October 1972].

Golden Construction , Beautiful Homes. [Edmonton: G.W. Golden Construction,

1953].

Gowans, Alan, Building Canada An Architectural History of Canadian Life.

[Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1966].

Grattan, David W., ed. Saving the Twentieth Century: The Conservation of

Modern Materials. [Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute, and

Communications Canada, 1993].

Hatfield, R., “The Metropolitan Development of Edmonton: The City, The

Province, and the Strategy of Neglect.” University of Alberta, MA

Thesis, 1982.

Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, The International Style. [W.W. Norton & Company

Inc, 1995].

Hochman, Elaine S., ed. Bauhaus: Crucible of Modernism. [Fromm International

Publishing Corporation, 1997].

Jackson, Mike, ed. Preserving What’s New. Special Issue APT Bulletin [The

Journal of Preservation Technology] 23:2 [1991].

Jacobus, John, Twentieth-Century Architecture The Middle Years 1940-85. [New

York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966].

Jandl, H. Ward, Yesterday’s Houses of Tomorrow. [Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1996].

Jencks, Charles, The Language of Post-Modern Architecture. [New York: Rizzoli, 1977].

Jencks, Charles, Modern Movements in Architecture. [New York: Doubleday

Anchor, 1973].

Jester, Thomas C., ed. Twentieth-Century Building Materials: History and

Conservation. [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995].

Johnson, Donald L., Makers of 20th-Century Modernist Architecture: A Bio-Critical

Sourcebook. [Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997].

Jones, A.E. The Beginnings of Canadian Government Housing Policy, 1918-1924.

[Ottawa: Centre for Social Welfare Studies, Carleton University, 1978].




Jordy, William H. American Buildings and their Architects, Volume 4, The Impact of

European Modernism in the Mid Twentieth Century. [New York: Anchor Doubleday,

1972].

Kuipers, Marieke, “The Modern Movement: Protecting 20th Century Art and

Architecture”, UNESCO Courier, Sept. 1997, p. 25-31.

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11 No. 2 [1968].

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13.2 POST-WAR BUILDING INVENTORY TOUR

The following public tour of a sampling of Edmonton’s downtown post-war buildings was given

as part of Historic Edmonton Week July 1997 and 2001.

Building address date architect influences features

ORIGINALLY BURROWS MOTORS, LATER HEALY FORD

1. Boston 10620 Jasper Ave 1948 Rule Wynn Rule International horizontal windows

Pizza Bauhaus horizontal features

upper corner window

large ground floor glass

2. Red Cross 9931 106 St 1953 (demolished 2001) International horizontal, framed

Building windows

9941 106 St 1954 (annex) International exposed columns at

ground level

brise soleil on 1953

portion





ORIGINALLY THE BAKER CLINIC

3. Office 105 St 100 Ave ground floor 1956, International early curtain wall with

Building tower is later Bauhaus sun shading,

horizontal entrance features

with expressive over-sized

columns

FORMERLY THE CARAVAN HOTEL

4. Howard 104 St 100 Ave 1962 International interesting top

Johnson W.G. Milne (Calgary) with overhanging

Hotel canopy and large

expanses of glass,

‘zigzag’ design

influences





5. Milner 10030 104 St 1958 Rule Wynn Rule International structural expressionism

Building asymmetrical podium w/

exposed marble columns

vertical sun shade

louvers, street arcade,

plaza landscaping

ORIGINALLY MASSEY-HARRIS FERGUSON FARM IMPLEMENTS SHOWROOM

6. Healy 10616 103 Ave 1947 W.G. Blakey International horizontal, framed

Ford windows, large expanses

of glass, open columns,

horizontal stone window

bands, flag pole





7. Popeye’s 10265 107 St International horizontal features,

Gym yellow brick, wrap-

around windows

8. Courtyard 10239 107 St Late International inward focus, white

Building brick, simple lines

9. Federal (now NorQuest) 1957 G.H. MacDonald International bordered horizontal

Gov’t. Bldg 107 St and windows, expressed

102 Ave entrance canopies and

structure





10. Loveseth’s 105 St and International typical massing and

Garage 102 Ave composition, bordered

elements, yellow brick,

open upper floor with

overhang

11. Salvation 9611 102 Avenue International red and yellow brick in

Army various patterns, free-

Mens’ standing column at

Hostel entrance

12. Ink 9523 Jasper Moderne horizontal fins, curved

Machine lines, vertical entrance

Custom feature, stucco exterior

Tattoo





13. TD Bank 100 St and 1961 Dominion Construction International early 2-colour curtain

Jasper wall, facade screen as

sun control, large

expanses of marble

14. Paramount 10233 Jasper 1952 Stanley and Stanley International horizontal projecting

Theatre 1986 interior renovation roof continuous louvres

at top as counterpoint to

solid bottom, horizontal

and vertical signs,

asymmetrical

balanced composition,

exposed marble columns,

angled, canopy, hint of

zigzag design, exposed

ladder for vertical sign.





15. Royal 105 St and International typical composition of

Bank Jasper Ave vertical and horizontal

massing elements,

yellow brick in various

patterns, which has

been painted

recently

16. CIBC 108 St and Modern symmetrical

Bank Jasper Classicism composition, large glass

elements, fluted recessed

cornice along the roof

line





17. General 111 St 1953 G.H. MacDonald International Art Deco Style

Hospital 112 St, Jasper Ave 1958 G.H. MacDonald decoration- friezes and

1965 Bell McCullough etc. cornice

1980 Memorial wing

18. Minit Car Jasper at 116 St American large neon sign typical

Wash Sign of the Las Vegas style





PAGE CLEANING AT 96 ST AND JASPER AVE PAGE CLEANING AT 118 ST AND JASPER AVE

19. Page Cleaning Late exaggerated

Outlets International, structure, field

Expressionistic stone finishes,

large expanses

of glass, typifies

design trends in

the 1960’s

20. Walk-up 119-121 St c.1951 International, very typical in

Apartments Moderne Edmonton, large roof

overhangs, stucco,

vertical entrance

feature, Carrara Glass

landscaped courtyards,

side entrances





21. Beth Shalom 11916 Jasper 1955 Robert Bouey International, horizontal roof-

Synagogue Prairie Style edge cornice with

vertical entrance

features, terraced

massing at the

entrance,

bordered windows

BRISTOL TOWERS





JASPER HOUSE

22. Bristol 10020 121 St 1962 John A. MacDonald International, expressed structure -

Towers and 12021 Jasper High-rise Style columns and slabs, brick

Jasper House infill panels, expressive

entrances and canopies,

yellow brick, interesting

art pieces on both, first

of their type

23. Willmore 10130 121 St c.1960 International typical stucco with brick

Apartments corners, wood windows,

side entrance, large roof

overhang, simple lines





FORMERLY ST.JOHN’S SEPARATE SCHOOL

24. Edmonton 10231 120 St 1939 W.G. Blakey Moderne “streamline” features,

Academy R.P. Blakey horiz. windows on the

1954 addition front, glass

block infill panels in rear

windows, stucco finishes

25. Beth Israel 10205 119 St 1953 P. Campbell-Hope International, terraced massing

Synagogue Prairie Style, at entrance,

Modern fluted panels between

bordered windows





OLIVER SCHOOL

26. Oliver 10210 117 St 1911 George Turner Classical, 3 periods of building

School 1928 Second Building International styles,

Complex 1947 Addition east addition is strongly

1957 Gym International with

horizontal features, little

regard for the original

THE ELLIS BUILDING





27. Ellis 10123 112 St c.1951 Bauhaus, yellow brick, framed

Building International wrap-around, steel-

framed, industrial

windows, strong

horizontals, vertical

elements at entrance, a

very good example of

the style

the practice of postwar architecture in edmonton, alberta

Documents