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The Role of River Vegetation Roughness for Water The Role of River Vegetation Roughness for Water Purrification in Dniester RiverPurrification in Dniester River

Vera MunteanuNational Institute of Ecology

Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

NATO ASIFlow and Transport Processes in Complex Obstructed Geometries:

from cities and vegetative canopies to industrial problem

Kyev, Ukraine, May 4-15, 2004

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L’eau est le passé de l’hommeL’eau est le passé de l’homme

Les eaux sont l’avenir de l’humanité Les eaux sont l’avenir de l’humanité

“The wars of the next century will be “The wars of the next century will be about water”about water”

Ismail Serageldin, World Bank Vice-PresidentIsmail Serageldin, World Bank Vice-President

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Meeting Ecological and Societal Needs for Freshwater Ecosystems in Light of Growing

Worlwide Human Water

“Vizualizing Engineering and Management Solutions

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MOLDOVA REPUBLIC OF : 4.4 mln.population 33.700 km2 – total area

DNIESTER RIVERTotal length 1352 km - for Moldova territory - 630 km Basin Area : Total 72100 sq.km - for Moldova territory -19070 sq.km

10 mln population (Source of drinking water )

Population density – 105 people per sq.km

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Hydrographical network

Anenii-Noi

Balta ta

Balti

Basarabeasca

B riceni

Cahul

Camenca

Causeni

Ceadir-Lunga

Chis inau

C im is lia

Com rat

Cornesti

Donduseni

Dubasari

Edinet

Falesti

F loresti

G lodeni

G rig iriopol

Leova

N isporeni

O cnita

O rhe i

RezinaR ibnita

R iscani

S ingere i

Soldanesti

Soroca

S tefan-Voda

Telenesti

T iraspol

Vulcanesti

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Dniester River Basin

sugar, wine, salts of potasium, sulfclays and calcarshydropower stations

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Dniester River Basin (population density)

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DUBASARI RESERVOIR:

Total length: 125 km

Total volume: 0.5 km3

0.9 mln. population (source of drinking water )

Water quality formation (significant influence)

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Sampling stations

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Xantoria Parietina

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Variation of Metal speciation content (2000-2003)

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Local mapRezina-Rabnita Industrial Complex Location

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Dissolved Metal content, Dubasari reservoir (in time)

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Particulate Metal content, Dubasari reservoir (in time)

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Metal Content in Bottom Sediment, Dubasari Reservoir (in time)

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Dissolution rate, (lab. experiments)

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Metal Content in Snow ● – dissolved form; ● – particulate form

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Comparative Date of the Content of Toxic Metal in Fresh Snow and River Water

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Metal Contents in the Neighbours Soil of the Dubasari Reservoir, (North – negative values; South – positive values)

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Erosion process16 t/ha/year

Sediment layer - increase 7-10 cm

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Local mapRezina-Rabnita Industrial Complex Location

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Cement productionEmission:1 mln tonn - Mercury, 160 kg Cadmium, 350 kg Lead, 17 tonn Copper, 22 tonn

Natural gas - 0.05 km 3

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Interdependence of Toxic Metal Concentration in Abiotic Components of Dubasari Reservoir, Dniester River

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To Compare the Calculated Values with Measured

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Metal Content in Lichen, Epiphytosuspension

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Mercury content in macrophytes, Dubasari aquatic ecosystem, Dniester River, mkg g-1

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Coefficients of (bio)concentration (k) and linear correlation (r).

Mercury(II), Dubasari aquatic ecosystem

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Potamogeton Perfoliatus

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Macrophytes biogenic minerals vs heavy metal conc.

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Vegetation roughness(Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Myriophillum

verticillatum L., Ceratophyllum demersum)

Empirical relation:

=0.0793·k·ln(h/k)-0.00090

where - characteristic length scale of turbulence;

k - vegetation height, (m); h - water depth, (m)

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D.Klopstra, 2002

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Case study

0

390

780

1170

1560

-35 -10 0

s, km

b, m

kg/(

gm)

-54

-38

-22

-6

10

b, m

kg/(

gm)

Cu

Pb

Hg

Cd

aa

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The dependence between macrophytes bioaccumulation capacity and length scale of turbulence ()

Linear interdependence

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Hydrodynamic regime

(velocity)

Bottom sediment geochemistry

carbonates, interstitial water

calcium, interstitial water

Factors that Influence…

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The effect of water treatment process on Hg(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) content variation

(Chisinau Water Treatment Plant, drinking purpose)

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Conclusions

- Mercucy and Cadmium - highest anthropogenic enrichment factor - higher toxicity potential

- The neighboring area - radius of about 20 km of the industrial complex Rezina-Rabnita, medium part of Dubasari Reservoir of the Dniester River

- Metal content from sediment …influence on its level in particulate form … predominant for all reservoir longitudinal distance (hydrodinamical regime, water hydrochemistry; biota, sediment’s geochemistry

-Macrophytes in biomonitoring (correlation of metal content in biomass..)-Vegetation roughness…-Water treatment processes (mercury, dissolved form), for drinking purpose

Work to be done:

-to prevent the erosion process in the river bank -Vegetation, condition for growth and removing -to improve technological scheme at the cement and metallurgical plants

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The TSC: A multi-stakeholder dialogue challenge!The TSC: A multi-stakeholder dialogue challenge!

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Different Management ApproachDifferent Management Approach

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The decison-making process:The decison-making process:the Ukrainian and the Moldavian: two similar drops the Ukrainian and the Moldavian: two similar drops

of water?of water?

(c) Danker-Jan Oreel

Brainstorming in the polder....Brainstorming in the polder....

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Research Support Scheme of the Open This work was supported by the Research Support Scheme of the Open Society Support Foundation, Society Support Foundation,

National Ecological Fund National Ecological Fund

NATO ASI Organizing CommitteeNATO ASI Organizing Committee

Questions and discussionQuestions and discussion

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