THE STALIN REVOLUTION

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

“Revolution from Above”

Full-scale rapid industrialization

Collectivization of agriculture

Cultural revolution

Political centralization

Terror

Cult of personality

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1929-1932)

centralized planning: GOSPLAN

emphasis on heavy industry

unrealistic quotas

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1933-1937)

more realistic goals

emphasis on productivity

introduced socialist competition

• STAKHANOVITE movement

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Effects of Five-Year Plans

Growth of proletariat

New working conditions

New elites: NOMENKLATURA

New revolutionary ethos

Growth of cities

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Assessments of Five-Year Plans

POSITIVE

• successful industrialization

• modernization & technological advances

• made USSR great power

Dniepr River Hydroelectric Dam

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Assessments of Five-Year Plans

NEGATIVE

• unrealistic goals unmet

• serious imbalances in economy

• much waste, environmental damage

• forced labor, high human cost

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

COLLECTIVIZATION

Agricultural component of Five-Year Plans

Modernization of agriculture

“Off to collective work”

End of private farming, NEP measures

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

COLLECTIVIZATION

Imposed from outside & above

Created kolkhozes & sovkhozes

"Don't forget about maternity assistance and consultation in

kolkhozes and sovkhozes."

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

COLLECTIVIZATION

Imposed from outside & above

Created kolkhozes & sovkhozes

Much peasant resistance De-kulakization campaign

"We will liquidate the kulaks as a class"

"All to the struggle against the wreckers of agriculture."

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

COLLECTIVIZATION

“Dizzy with Success”

government slows process

allows small private plots

THE STALIN REVOLUTION

COLLECTIVIZATION

Famine, 1932-1933

Ukrainian “Holodomor”